ES2326709A1 - Use of compositions which contain menadione, for biostimulation of the metabolism of plants in order to induce resistance to pathogens and pests. - Google Patents

Abstract

Use of compositions which contain menadione, for biostimulation of the metabolism of plants in order to induce resistance to pathogens and pests. These compositions contain, as active components, vitamin K3 and/or at least one of its water-soluble derivatives [preferably menadione sodium bisulphite or MSB] and/or at least one of its derivatives with low solubility in water [preferably menadione nicotinamide bisulphite or MNB], and are in the form of an aqueous solution in which the concentrations of the active components, with reference to vitamin K3, MSB and MNB, are as follows: vitamin K3 between 0.0001 and 200 ppm, MSB between 0.001 and 10,000 ppm, MNB between 0.001 and 10,000 ppm, preferably vitamin K3 between 0.001 and 100 ppm, MSB between 0.01 and 5000 ppm, MNB between 0.01 and 5000 ppm. They are preferably applied by spraying of the aerial part of the plant, or via the irrigation system, and can be mixed with various additives, such as organic and inorganic fertilizers, insecticides, nematocides, fungicides, bactericides and herbicides.

Description

Use of compositions containing menadione and / or some (s) of its water-soluble derivatives to biostimulate the natural defense mechanisms of plants, in order to develop its anti-food properties against attacks of pathogens and pests.

Technical field

This invention is related to the subject general biostimulation of the natural mechanisms of plant defense. In particular, this invention is related to the use of compositions that when applied to plants biostimulate their natural defense mechanisms and originate the development by the same properties anti-food against attacks of pathogens and pests.

Introduction

Like any living organism the plants are subjected to numerous environmental stresses both abiotic As biotics Abiotic includes drought and extreme temperatures. Biotics include pests as insects, arachnids and nematodes, and pathogens such as Bacteria, viruses and fungi.

The decrease in the yields of crops as a result of pathogen and pest attacks, They are of great importance. The economic losses caused each year in crops are estimated in billions of dollars to world level Control of the effects of such stress on crops using the minimum possible amount of pesticides to avoid to the maximum its side effects harmful to the environment environment, animals and people, is one of the great challenges of Man of our time in agriculture.

State of the art

The danger to the ground, the environment, plants, animals and people, implies the excessive use of pesticides, has led researchers to consider other crop protection strategies. One of the possible strategies is the use of compositions that activate the mechanisms Natural defense of plants against attacks of pathogens and pests, without the use of such compositions involve harmful effects on the soil, the environment, the Own plants, animals or people. In this regard, we have come investigating for 25 years, on the effect that plant growth regulators could produce in the strengthening of the natural defense mechanisms of plants and, as a consequence, in the induction of resistance to pathogens and pests in plants treated with such regulators. In these research we have observed as a certain type of plant growth regulators, derivatives Water-soluble Vitamin K, were able to stimulate the natural defense mechanisms of treated plants and consequently of inducing resistance against the attacks of pathogens and pests.

["Compositions for inducing resistance to tracheomycosis in plants ". Patent: WO 95/03702, published: 09.02.95]; ["Use of compositions containing menadione, for biostimulate the metabolism of plants in order to induce their resistance to pathogens and pests. "Patent: 95ES-9500522, published: 04.04.99]

The bibliography on the regulators of Plant growth based on Vitamin K and its derivatives Water soluble is very small, the first reference appearing as a Patent, in 1985 ["Plant growth regulator - - - contg. menadione bisulphite - giving cold resist to rice, vegetables, flowers and fruti trees ". 83JP-179430, published: 24.04.85.], And followed chronologically by the following patents:

["Citrus fruit quality improving agent - - - contains water - - - soluble Vitamin K  deriv. As active component "85JP - 055993, published: 25.09.86];

["Plant growth regulator promoting increase in harvest yield - - - - contains water - soluble Vitamin K other than menadione bisulphite adduct ". 85JP - 054297,  25.09.86]

["Agent for promoting maturity crops - - - - contains water - soluble Vitamin-K deriv. e.g. menadiol dinicotinate ". 86JP-028878, published: 20.08.87];

["Additive for rice seedlings cultivating mat - - - contains water sol. Vitamin-K deriv. as active component ". 86JP - 030770, published: 20.08.87];

["Fatigue of strawberry root preventing agent - - - contains water soluble Vitamin-K deriv. as active component ". 86JP - 032021, published: 22.08.87];

["Plant growth accelerator compsn. - - - - based on Vitamin-K, contg. menadione and menadiol cpds. With aromatic amine salts and a carrier ". 85ES - 542475, published: 16.06.88];

["Plant growth regulation". 76US - 4764201, published: 16.08.88];

["Seed treatment compsn. - - - - - contg.water - sun. Vitamin-K deriv. Of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, etc. "89JP - 040255, published: 04.09.90];

["Plant growth regulator for increase yield and quality - - - - Vitamin-K3 and  choline salt as active components ". 89JP - 155629, published: 01.02.91];

["Plant growth promotion - - - with menadione bisulphite adducts of vitamin (s) or aminoacid (s) ". 90IT - 020777, published: 01.01.92];

["Growth activator contg. Vitamin-K drifts. - - - - for agricultural or horticultural crop plant alleviating of chemical injury caused herbicide ". 90JP - 153870, published: 16.01.92].

Until the publication (16.04.99) of our Patent: 95ES-9500522, noted above, does not appear in the bibliography references that related this type specific to plant growth regulators, the Vitamin-K and its water-soluble derivatives, with the induction of resistance to pathogens and pests in plants treated with such regulators. We have continued investigating, especially, in the cultivation of banana (banana) and we observe as a water-soluble derivative of Vitamin K3, sodium menadione bisulfite or MSB, stimulated the advancement of flowering treated plants, compared to untreated plants. Consequence of these investigations was the publication of the two Following patents: ["Use of compositions containing menadione, to biostimulate the metabolism of plants in order to advance flowering in banana crops. " 95ES-9500523, published: 01.10.98]; ["Utilization of compositions which contain menadione for the biostimulation of plant metabolism in order to induce their resistance to pathogens and pests and / or accelerate their blooming ". WO 96/28026].

We have shown that plants treated with water-soluble derivatives of Vitamin K3, especially with MSB , not only induce resistance to pathogens and pests [Patents: WO 95/03702; 95ES - 9500522; WO 96/28026], but also cause the development of antialimentary properties against attacks by pathogens and pests, in treated plants. Surprisingly, the pretreatment of plants with MSB managed to significantly decrease the growth in controlled conditions of the aphid Myzus persicae , a vector of different viruses that attack numerous crops worldwide. No reference has appeared to date in the literature that relates vitamin K 3 and / or any of its water-soluble derivatives with the development of antialimentary properties in treated plants with any of the aforementioned active components.

Description of the invention

This invention is related to the use of compositions containing menadione and / or any (s) of its water-soluble derivatives that when applied to plants biostimulate their natural defense mechanisms, causing the development of antialimentary properties in treated plants against the attacks of pathogens and pests.

This invention describes the use of a class of compounds that are systemic, biodegradable, non-pesticidal, not toxic and harmless from an environmental point of view, and that not They are dangerous for plants, animals and people. Such compounds that cause the development of properties anti-food against attacks of pathogens and pests in treated plants, increasing crop yield, They are:

Menadione or Vitamin K3 (2-methyl-1,4-naphthalenedione or 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), Merk index = 5714, CARN = [58-27-5] and its water soluble derivatives {preferably those different addition compounds formed with sodium bisulfite (menadione sodium bisulfite or MSB , MI = 5716, CARN = [130-37- 0], or with potassium bisulfite, or with ammonium bisulfite, or with magnesium bisulfite), and other derivatives of the Vitamin K3 of low level of water solubility {preferably menadione nicotinamide bisulfite or MNB , menadione p-aminobenzoic acid bisulfite menadione histidine bisulfite, menadione adenine bisulfite, menadione nicotinic acid bisulfite and menadione tryptophan bisulfite}.

The compositions to develop properties anti-food in treated plants, against attacks of pathogens and pests, biostimulating the natural mechanisms of defense of them, contain:

Vitamin K3 and / or at least one of its water-soluble derivatives [preferably the sodium menadione bisulfite or MSB ] and / or at least one of its derivatives of low level of water solubility [preferably the menadione nicotinamide bisulfite or MNB ].

The application to the surface of the plant one of the aforementioned compositions, containing a effective amount of one or more of the compounds described, originates a protective response in that. Defensive response obtained in this way is systemic in nature and, in Consequently, the treatment of a part of the plant triggers biostimulation of natural defense mechanisms through of the whole plant.

The recommended way to apply the different compositions is the spraying of the aerial part of the plant, which does not exclude, for example, stem injection, application direct to the ground or other means of plant growth, or indirectly through irrigation water (or culture solution), or by immersion of the root system or of the entire plant (or of seeds) in the compositions.

The effectiveness of the active components of the compositions, referred to Vitamin K3 , MSB and MNB can be expected at the following concentrations: Vitamin K3 between 0.0001 and 200 ppm; MSB between 0.001 and 10000 pmm; MNB between 0.001 and 10,000 ppm; preferably Vitamin K3 between 0.001 and 100 ppm, MSB between 0.01 and 5000 ppm, MNB between 0.01 and 5000 ppm

The concentration of the active components of The compositions will depend on the type of plant, development phase of the same, as well as the frequency and form of application of the compositions

Also, said compositions can be mixed with various additives, for example: organic fertilizers and inorganic, insecticides, nematocides, fungicides, bactericides, herbicides

Example 1

In a non-choice bioassay, prior to this example, on the settlement of Myzus persicae in rapeseed on plants treated with MSB and Control plants, no significant differences were found in the settlement of M. persicae on both groups of plants in the first 24 hours.

Description of the bioassay . In the double-choice bioassay of the example, 80 rapeseed plants were used with a development of 4 to 6 leaves, 40 for the MSB treatment and 40 for the Control plants. The bioassay consisted of determining the weight of the aphid Myzus persicae settled from four days after its birth to the adult state at sixteen days, both in the plants previously treated with MSB and in the Control plants, in special cabins for this type of experimentation . The results obtained are shown in the following Table.

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TABLE Comparative study of the weights (mg) of Myzus persicae based on rapeseed plants treated with MSB versus weights on Control plants in a double-choice bioassay1

one

These results clearly show that the MSB treatment of rapeseed plants, as described in this example, caused the aphid weights on the treated plants to be significantly lower than those of the Control plants, at each stage of the development of M. persicae .

In another previous bioassay, in tomato and rapeseed, it was also found that the reproductive capacity of M. persicae was significantly reduced on the plants treated with MSB compared to that of the Control plants.

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Example 2

Description of the bioassay . Two independent trials were carried out on tomato plants 4-5 weeks old. The trial consisted of placing 5 adults of Myzus persicae on tomato leaves pretreated 24 hours before with MSB (200 µM) and with water (Control). Four days later the adult individuals withdrew leaving only 5 nymphs synchronized. These nymphs remain seated for a period of 11 days on the treated and untreated leaves of the same plants and at that time the number of new nymphs placed for treatment is counted. The results obtained are summarized in the following table:

TABLE Reproductive rate 11 days after setting nymphs (5 nymphs / leaf)

2

Claims (9)

1. Use of compositions to biostimulate the natural defense mechanisms of plants characterized in that they contain in aqueous solution, at least one of the following active components

-

0.0001 at 200 p.p.m. of Vitamin K3;

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0.001 at 10,000 p.p.m. of a water soluble Vitamin K3 derivative, preferably a bisulfite;

-

0.01 a 10000 p.p.m. of a low level vitamin K3 derivative of water solubility preferably a bisulfite;

for the purpose of develop anti-food properties in treated plants with said compositions, against pathogen attacks and pests

2. Use of compositions according to claim 1, characterized in that they are applied to the aerial part of the plant, preferably by spraying. 3. Use of compositions according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that they are applied to the plant stem, preferably by injection. 4. Use of compositions according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that they are applied directly to the soil or other means of plant growth, or indirectly through irrigation water (or culture solution), or by immersion of the root system of plants or seeds in the compositions claimed in 1. 5. Use of compositions according to claims 1 to 4, wherein said compositions are used as such or mixed with additives such as organic fertilizers or inorganic, insecticides, nematocides, fungicides, bactericides, herbicides 6. Use of compositions to biostimulate the natural defense mechanisms of the plant, in order to develop anti-food properties in plants treated with these compositions against attacks of pathogens and pests, according to claims 1 to 5, wherein said compositions may be applied to plants before, after or simultaneously with pesticides