ES2326446B1 - METAL PIECE FOR REINFORCEMENT AND PROTECTION OF BEAMS AND BEAMS OF FORGED, COVER PAIRS, RIGHT FEET AND OTHER STRUCTURAL WOODEN ELEMENTS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Metal part for reinforcement and prosthetic beams and floor joists, deck pairs, right feet and others structural elements of wood.

It consists of the arrangement of a piece ( R ) made by cut, folded, drilled and welded metal sheets that are assembled to the different wooden elements practicing in the same grooves ( AC ) for the insertion of the lower vertical plates ( Pvi ).

The assembly ends by screwing the piece to the wood using wood screws ( T ) (screws) of different length and diameter depending on the type of reinforcement and resistance that you want to obtain from the reinforced piece.

A prosthesis version ( PR ) is provided in the case of extending the length of the wooden beam in the event that the end of the beam does not exist or has degraded.

Description

Metal part for reinforcement and prosthetic beams and floor joists, deck pairs, right feet and others structural elements of wood.

Technical sector

The invention falls within the sector of construction of wooden structures and rehabilitation and reinforcement of them. Its objective is to mechanically reinforce the wooden structures put into work or to be placed with later. These wooden structures, usually found inside buildings, in areas such as floors or  horizontal roofs, although its use is applicable to pillars (feet rights when they are made of wood), cover pairs, etc. The field of application of the present invention, goes from the reinforcement in very deformed wooden structures and / or with some degree of deterioration by biotic or abiotic agents, up to those structures in which you want to improve and increase your capacity mechanical (strength and stiffness). Its assembly is done, generally, above the elements of the structure in forged, the intervention on the lower face not being necessary of the floor. This avoids having to intervene simultaneously, on both sides of the structure (lower and superior), significantly reducing the costs of intervention.

State of the art

Reinforcement in wooden structures by Metal profiles is well known and extended. This type of reinforcements usually occur, generally, from the bottom of the  forged, in the case of horizontal wooden structures, or also laterally, somehow hugging the structure of wood, by means of flanges, screws or other accessories. The interventions of this type, in most cases have a temporary nature, that is, they are used with the idea of sustaining temporarily structures until an intervention is executed More global or lasting. This intervention is usually, in the majority of the cases, a replacement of the wooden structure by pieces new, of the same or different material (generally steel). At case of biotic attacks or degradations and / or deformations, the substitution implies the elimination of a large number of cubic meters of wood in good condition before the ignorance of Its true structural behavior.

Lately, a reinforcement method has been used, consisting of the connection of the wooden structure (pre-existing and that must be in good condition) and a layer of reinforced concrete (upper slab of forged), made in-situ on the structure of wood. This system entrusts all the efficiency to the connecting element between the two materials, by means of the use of plug-type connectors or other systems whose function is to transmit the flush forces between the two structures, the old one (wood) and the new one (reinforced concrete ). In addition, this reinforcement system requires the use of the structure at the bottom (through the use of struts and sops).

In the case of the first type of intervention, there is an improvisation component on the one hand due to the urgency with which they usually act in building structures ancient and on the other hand it has an eminently punctual character, linked all this to a lack of cohesion in the distribution of forging loads, not including these types of structures, today mandatory slab upper slab.

As regards the second type of interventions, based on the connection of wood and concrete, its scope is very reduced to the case of wooden structures healthy, in a system that does not reinforce wood but relies on is to form a more or less supportive set, without acting on the structural lines (wooden joists).

Both in these two systems outlined and in Other (use of resins and carbon fiber) costs, complexity of the intervention, the volume of debris generated, the lack of use of mechanical characteristics residual wood and dependence on having to act from Several flanks motivate the use of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

The invention consists in the use of a metal part, used as reinforcement ( R ) and as reinforcement as a prosthesis ( PR ) on pieces of structural wood ( M ). It is composed of two or more metal sheets, of reduced thickness ( E1 ) and ( E2 ), and welded together.

The upper part, of the reinforcement or of the reinforcement as a prosthesis, consists of a U-shaped sheet with width ( B ) and continuous thickness ( E1 ), which is drilled in its horizontal part ( Ph ) and whose holes will house bolts ( T ) to join the reinforcement or reinforcement as a prosthesis to the wood. The screws are separated from each other a distance ( D1 ) along the length ( LR ) of the reinforcement piece or length of the prosthesis-like reinforcement ( LPR ), and a distance ( D2 ) between the screws placed in the width direction ( B ) of the piece. In the upper part, two upper vertical plates ( Pvs ) of height ( H1 ) appear due to the folding of the metal and in whose area there is a curvature that corresponds to the joint between the upper vertical plates ( Pvs ) and the horizontal plate ( Ph ) .

The lower part of the reinforcement is composed of a lower vertical plate ( Pvi ) of thickness ( E2 ) and height ( H2 ) that is welded to the horizontal plate ( Ph ) by its lower part. This lower vertical plate ( Pvi ) is housed (when the reinforcement ( R ) is assembled) in a groove made ad hoc on the piece of wood ( M ) (figure 2).

The invention has a possibility of reinforcement at the end of the piece of wood, as a prosthesis ( PR ) of length ( LPR ) in the case of pieces of wood ( M ) forged, in which it has disappeared (due to deterioration) the extreme (between 0.5 m and 1.0 m) by fungal attacks or other types of degradation. In this option, one zone of the reinforcement as a prosthesis ( PR ) is inserted in the piece of healthy wood ( IN ) of length ( LPRin ), while the other area of the reinforcement as a prosthesis, of length ( LPRex ) , is exempt ( EX ) replacing the degraded area. In the introduced part ( IN ), the geometry of the cross-section of this reinforcement as a prosthesis ( PR ) is identical to the reinforcement ( R ), while in the exempt area ( EX ), in which there is no piece of wood ( EP ), this reinforcement as a prosthesis ( PR ) preserves the above-mentioned geometry (upper vertical plates ( Pvs ) and horizontal plate ( Ph ), but without holes in the horizontal plate ( Ph ) and changing the lower vertical plate ( Pvi ) for a tube ( TS ) of width ( H3 ) and thickness ( E3 ) and height ( H2 ) equivalent to the lower vertical plate mentioned above. to the horizontal plate ( Ph ) It is important to note that the groove ( AC ), in this reinforcement solution as a prosthesis ( PR ), coincides with the length of the piece of healthy wood ( LPRin ) as can be seen in the Figure 9.

The reinforced wood pieces using the invention in its two options (( R ) or ( PR )) indicated, has twice the mechanical strength and half of what the wood is deformed ( M ) deforms without any reinforcement .

Description of the drawings

By way of description this text is accompanied by some practical examples where you can check the appearance and the different parts involved as well as the assembly of the piece in question in its final state.

Figure 1 shows a section where the reinforcement ( R ) placed and screwed on the wood ( M ) is seen while Figure 2 shows the same section removed, and in which the way in which the reinforcement ( R) is observed ) is placed on the wood ( M ). Figure 3 shows the section with the reinforcement as a prosthesis ( PR ), in the area of the same in which it is different from the reinforcement ( R ), and in the figure the tube ( TS ) attached to the horizontal plate ( Ph ).

Figure 4 shows a plan corresponding to the reinforcement ( R ) with the description of the longitudinal and transverse distances between screws ( D1 ) and ( D2 ) and the support lines ( LA ) of the assembly at its ends (top view of Figure 1). Figure 5 shows an elevation or side view corresponding to the reinforcement ( R ) on the wood ( M ) (side view of Figure 1).

Figure 6 shows a perspective of the reinforcement assembly ( R ) on wood ( M ).

Figure 7 and Figure 8 show the plan and the elevation or side view, respectively, of the prosthetic reinforcement solution ( PR ) while Figure 9 and Figure 10 show the assembled views and assembly, respectively, of the reinforcement solution as a prosthesis ( PR ).

To be able to explain the figures better, it must be commented that the difference between the different possibilities is based mainly on the variation of the width ( B ) of the piece and the number of lower vertical plates ( Pvi ), which in turn can vary in height ( H2 ). In all the options the technology of the processing of the piece takes into account the drills practiced in the horizontal plate ( Ph ) distanced longitudinally ( D1 ) and transversely ( D2 ). The drills are closed with screws ( T ) to the piece of wood ( M ) that is corrugated ( AC ), by one or several grooves of equal height to the lower vertical plates ( Pvi ).

Both the thicknesses ( E1 and E2 ) of the upper and lower vertical plates, and the height of the vertical plates ( Pvs ) that are outside the wood with height ( H2 ) can vary, depending on the mechanical conditions that you want to achieve with the reinforcement, as well as the general one of the piece of wood on which the reinforcements ( R ) or ( PR ) are arranged.

Figures 11, 12, and 13 correspond to the case of reinforcement with two lower vertical plates ( Pvi ). Figures No. 14, No. 15, No. 16, No. 17, No. 18 and No. 19 are the counterparts (in the case of several lower vertical plates) of those already described in Figures No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7 , No. 8 and No. 10.

Claims (5)

1. Reinforcement used in longitudinal elements of wooden structure such as beams, joists, roof pairs, right feet, composed of folded and welded sheets of metal and fixed or embedded in the wood and characterized in that the reinforcement contains the following elements:

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a U-shaped sheet in the upper part consisting of two plates upper verticals and a horizontal plate of length equal to the piece of wood that reinforces and is perforated to accommodate screws and welded at the bottom to a plate bottom vertical

2. Reinforcement according to claim 1 characterized in that there is more than one lower vertical plate, all of them leaving the lower face of the horizontal plate. 3. Reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower vertical plates are replaced by a tubular profile attached to the lower part of the horizontal plate. 4. Reinforcement according to claim 1 and characterized in that:

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In the deteriorated wood zone, the upper part of the reinforcement is the same as described in claim 1 and the bottom It contains a tubular profile attached to the horizontal plate.

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In the healthy wood area, the reinforcement, on the underside, contains the  same elements as the reinforcement described in the claim one.

5. Reinforcement according to claim 5 characterized in that the tubular profile is continuous below the horizontal plate.