ES2306679T3 - PROCEDURE AND APPLIANCE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MINERAL FIBER BOARD. - Google Patents

Abstract

Continuous procedure for the production of a two-leaf or multi-sheet bonded mineral fiber board from a mineral fiber fleece by longitudinal precompression of the fleece in a precompression unit (19), by feeding the precompressed fleece (20 ) to a separation device (41), by separating the fleece by means of the separation device (41) into two or more continuous sub-bands (43, 45), by compressing at least one sub-band (45 ) in the thickness direction, followed by the combination of the continuous subbands (43, 45 '') and by transporting them to an agglutination station (25) in which the fleece is attached, characterized in that prevents the rupture of each of the continuous subbands (43, 45) tensioned between the compression unit (19) and the agglutination station (25) by means of restriction means (49, 50, 51, 59, 61, 63, 65).

Description

Procedure and apparatus for the production of a mineral fiber board.

The present invention relates to a procedure and to an apparatus for the production of a board mineral fiber

Various improvements in the production of mineral fiber boards in recent years. It can obtain a substantial improvement in the properties of boards mineral fiber, for example, reorienting the fibers in the production procedure so that they line up in a way predominantly perpendicular to the main faces of the board. As a result, the compressive strength and tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the board.

Various procedures are known by which reorient the fibers in such a way that the product acquires a folded configuration, but you usually get a performance improvement when the final product is substantially free of folds. There have been various exhibitions of procedures for the longitudinal compression of a band fiber continuous to form a product either folded or substantially unfolded. See for example the documents DE-A-1.635.620, EP 1 333 083, US 4,567,078, WO91 / 14816 and WO94 / 16164.

The way to divide a band is already known continues in the direction of thickness in subbands continuous, to compact one of them and then return to combine and cure them, for example from documents CA-A-1057183 and EP-A-277,500. The procedures acquaintances suffer from various disadvantages. For example, it precompress frequently only the lower band, so that the final product has a compressive strength relatively low The procedures also suffer from inconvenient that the bottom layer only experiences a light compaction and substantially no redistribution of the fiber orientation.

In WO88 / 00265, WO92 / 13150 and WO94 / 16162 the continuous band is compressed longitudinally before that the continuous band is divided into two layers.

According to the invention, a continuous procedure for the production of a fiber board two-leaf or multi-leaf agglutinated mineral from a mineral fiber fleece through a precompression of the fleece described above, feeding the precompressed fleece to a separation device, separating the fleece by means of the separation device in two or more subbands continuous, compressing at least one subband continues in the thickness direction, followed by the combination of the continuous subbands and transporting them to an agglutination station where the fleece clusters, characterized in that the rupture of the continuous subbands tensioned between the unit compression and agglutination station by means that avoid the break, which are means of restriction.

Therefore, in the procedure of the invention, the fleece compressed longitudinally and in the direction of thickness, is divided into two or more subbands continuous parallel to the main surfaces, while avoid any deformation in the thickness direction, being subject each of the subbands in the opposite main surfaces. At least one of the bands continuous is compressed in the direction of thickness and / or longitudinally, then combining the continuous subbands and joining later. Multi-sheet products can be produced through this process.

Although the adherence of continuous subbands by curing the binder is usually sufficient, contact surfaces of the continuous subbands can be sprayed or impregnate with binder before being combined. Basically, the combined continuous bands held together by suitable means they can be compressed once more in the thickness direction. Advantageously, however, the continuous bands are compressed longitudinally before agglutination. Compression Longitudinal can be done in a ratio of 1.1: 1 to a maximum of 2: 1. The contact surfaces can be enlarged by a final longitudinal compression so that the union of continuous subbands.

In a preferred procedure, a procedure for the production of a mineral fiber board agglutinated with two sheets or multiple sheets from a fleece of mineral fiber through a precompression of the fleece described above, feeding the precompressed fleece to a separation device, separating the fleece by means of the separation device in two or more subbands continuous, compressing at least one subband continues in the thickness direction, followed by the combination of the continuous subbands and transporting them to an agglutination station where the fleece clusters, and it prevents loosening of continuous subbands under tension between the compression unit and the station agglutination by means of restriction.

New devices are also planned for continuous production of a board of mineral fibers bonded to from a fleece of mineral fiber comprising means arranged consecutively in the direction of transport F to compress the fleece, first means of transport to transport the fleece to a device separation, a separation device to separate the fleece in two or more continuous subbands, means for compress at least one continuous subband in the thickness direction, a few second means of transport for subsequently combine continuous subbands and transport them to the agglutination station where the fleece is agglutinated, and the first means of transport comprise the longitudinal compression device and comprise at least two pairs of conveyors arranged consecutively in the direction of transport, and in which means are provided to prevent loosening of subbands continuous tension between the compression unit and the agglutination station.

The methods and apparatus of the invention are they differ from known procedures and apparatus essentially  in which the precompressed continuous band is further compressed in the thickness and / or longitudinal direction, in particular in the longitudinal direction, by means of a compression unit, so that the continuous subbands produced can present already relatively high and different densities fiber structures before being separated. The advantage of this, for example, in the case of two-leaf boards, it consists in that the  lower density layer, unlike boards conventional, it has a better compressive strength and better tensile strength perpendicular to the main faces A resistance can therefore be achieved specific to traction and compression with one use reduced material, particularly a smaller amount of fiber, compared to known procedures.

In order that the continuous bands of the Fleece under tension does not loosen or fold between the unit compression and agglutination section, are provided advantageously fastening means and / or conveyors for hold the continuous bands of the fleece on the faces main.

To form a very compacted top layer, it you can compress in the thickness direction at least one of the separate continuous subbands. It can be obtained from this way a superior resistance to perforation. Advantageously, however, the sub-band continues compressed in the thickness direction can also be compressed longitudinally. Flat tamping of reoriented fibers by compression in the thickness direction you may need a compensation of the resulting elongation.

To improve the union between continuous subbands, to contact surfaces of the continuous subbands you can provide additional binder before being combined. In many cases, however, the amount of binder initially applied to the fibers is already enough to get a good union between continuous subbands when performing binder cure. Another possibility of improving the union between the continuous subbands consist of compressing the Continuous bands combined longitudinally before curing. To the contracting the continuous bands, eg in a 1.1: 1 ratio to a 2: 1 maximum, it is possible to expand the contact surfaces and therefore obtain a better bond between the layers.

A problem in relation to production Continuous two-leaf or multi-sheet products can consist of the fouling of the band knife used, by the binder that adheres to the fibers. A variant advantageous of the procedure therefore proposes a continuous cleaning of the separation device. This can be done, for example, by means of a solvent jet, eg water, directed to the edge of  Band knife cut.

Advantageously, the longitudinal compression is effected by passing the fleece through a unit of compression comprising a plurality of pairs of conveyors arranged consecutively in the direction of transport, being the speed of at least one pair of conveyors less than pair of previous conveyors. Advantageously, the fleece precompressed is compressed longitudinally in at least one stage. Longitudinal compression allows the fibers to be reorient in such a way that resistance in particular is improved  to compression and tensile strength in direction perpendicular to the main faces. As a result of the fiber structure optimization, it is possible to reduce the Resources used.

Advantageously, for the production of products that present a structure of folded fibers, the spacing of the opposite conveyors of the pair of conveyors fits at about 0.5 to 0.1 times the spacing of the following conveyors, the passageway being arranged defined by the two pairs of conveyors substantially in alienation, and the tangential velocity being at least torque immediately following below the tangential speed of the torque of previous conveyors. In this way it is possible to produce a continuous band of the fleece presenting a fiber structure folded (Figure 2).

Advantageously, before entering the unit compression, the fleece is already compressed at about 0.8 to 1.5 times, preferably 0.9 to 1.3 times the thickness nominal and in particular very preferably at nominal thickness approximate of the finished product, so that it is done substantially only a longitudinal compression by the compression unit conveyors. Compression longitudinal can take place in a zone of continuous compression in which the nominal thickness of the product is maintained. Surprisingly, an apparent microdensity can be obtained very homogeneous if the fleece is already pre-compressed to approximately the Nominal thickness of the finished product before the unit of compression and compressed only below longitudinally. The mineral fiber fleece is compressed advantageously longitudinally by a factor of 2 to 10, preferably by a factor of 2.5 to 5 and in particular very preferably by a factor of about 2.5 to 3.5. In some cases, for example when the density of the lower sub-band of the finished product must be less than about 100 kg / m 3, a simultaneous longitudinal compression and thickness direction. The degree of compression in the thickness direction is advantageously less than 2 and preferably less than 1.5.

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Although the conveyors of the compression unit may consist of conveyor belts, the conveyors in a particularly preferred embodiment consist of roller conveyors. Unlike conveyor belts, the rollers have the advantage that the fleece is repeatedly expanded and compressed by the rollers during compression. As a result, the products surprisingly exhibit a very homogeneous apparent microdensity (distribution of densities in a small unit volume) and very good mechanical properties, such as compressive, puncture and tensile strength in products with a considerably reduced weight compared to conventional products. The fibers are uniformly felted and no preferred orientation of the fibers can be detected (Figure 11). On an enlarged scale it has been found that fibers with a random orientation are partially arranged according to a corrugated pattern. This type of fiber structure is called by the inventors a corrugated structure of fibers. Another desirable effect
it consists of the compaction of the surfaces of the continuous band of the fleece that is possible by means of the rollers.

Although individual rollers can be control each one individually, in one embodiment advantageously each roller conveyor comprises in each case two opposite groups of at least two rollers in each case, being driven the rollers of a conveyor each with the same tangential speed Since the rollers are combined in groups of at least two rollers, the compression unit and its Control are greatly simplified.

Advantageously, the fleece is stretched in the direction of transport before the separation device. The Fleece expansion can prevent unwanted folding or a loosening of the continuous band of the fleece, eg, in the transition from compression unit to device separation.

The fleece can be made of wool glass, rock wool or other synthetic fibers, preferably, however, the fleece consists essentially of fibers of Rock wool and contains an uncured binder. Content binder expressed in weight may be comprised between approximately 0.7 and 4%. The binder can be cured preferably in a curing oven. The fleece agglutination it can be done, however, by sewing with needles or felted.

Advantageously, mineral fibers are used with an average length between approximately 0.3 and 50 mm, preferably between about 0.5 and 15 mm and with a thickness between about 1 and 12 µm, preferably between about 3 and 8 µm. However, it is possible to use mineral fibers with an average length between about 1 and 10 mm, preferably between about 2 and 6 mm and with an average thickness between approximately 2 and 10 µm, preferably between about 3 and 7 µm. The average length of rock wool fibers, which are normally shorter than glass fibers, it is usually 2 to 4 mm and the average diameter is 3 to 4 µm.

Advantageously, during the deposition of the fleece on the conveyor, the predominant orientation of the fibers It is changed or partially equaled. This can be done, by example, by means of a rotating member adapted to oscillate in an angle with respect to the direction of transport, or by means of An air curtain The density distribution of the fleece is can be improved in this way and the orientation of the fibers, presenting this a favorable effect on the properties mechanics of the resulting products. Advantageously, the fleece primary is layered on the collector belt by means of a pendulum tape adapted to oscillate at an angle with Regarding the direction of transport. In this way, the fibers are partially redirect and homogeneity can be improved (transversal distribution) of the fleece deposited on the tape collector

Advantageously, they are deposited from 2 to approximately 60 layers, preferably between 2 and 40 to 50 layers, one over another. This results in some reorientation of the fibers

The fleece can be folded, for example, transversely to the direction of transport while you can take place at the same time a compression, more particularly a longitudinal compression

The present invention also relates to a apparatus according to the characterizing aspects of the claim 14. The apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that it is a second additional compression unit is provided between the stage Precompression and separation device to compress more the fleece in the direction of thickness and / or longitudinal, and reorient the fibers. The conveyor belts are used to maintain the fiber structure once it has been obtained and to avoid any kind of deviation or rupture of the fleece stressed.

Other advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. According to an example of preferred embodiment, at least the device of separation and the following clamping device can be adjusted independently of each other perpendicular to the surface of the tape in the region of the multi-sheet unit, so that the apparatus can be used selectively for the production of single sheet or multi sheet products.

Advantageously, the means for compressing the at least one continuous subband comprise at minus two pairs of independently operated conveyors. In this way, the separate continuous subband will be can also compress longitudinally The pairs of Conveyors are advantageously roller conveyors, the spacing of the rollers being adjustable. As a result of this, continuous subbands can be compressed both in the direction of thickness and longitudinally.

Advantageously the agglutination station It consists of a curing oven, with rollers of feed that can be refrigerated before said oven. Of this mode, any adhesion of the binder to the rollers and avoid obstructions. In one embodiment advantageous, the tangential speeds of the means of transport between the separation device and the agglutination station, and the tangential speed of the conveyor belts in the stove can be adjusted individually so that, for example, can compress or decompress before the stove of curing

Precompression can be performed as It is described and claimed in the document EP-A-889,981 which is I would divide the present application.

Examples of forms are described below. of embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings, in the which:

Figure 1 shows a mineral wool product produced by compression in the thickness direction and that it has a fiber orientation substantially parallel to the surface.

Figure 2 shows a folded product that it comprises a greater part of fibers arranged perpendicularly to The surfaces.

Figure 3 shows a two-leaf product, whose upper layer has an increased density.

Figure 4 shows a product with a density substantially homogeneous and fibers with an orientation random

Figure 5 shows a product in which a layer that presents fibers with a random orientation is combined with a layer with an increased density.

Figure 6 is a simplified view of a apparatus for the production of a mineral fiber board of a single sheet a) in a continuous procedure and in an area of continuous compression respectively and b) in a procedure of a single stage

Figure 7 is a diagram showing the principle of an apparatus for the continuous production of a board single-leaf or multi-sheet mineral fiber different densities; a) in a continuous procedure and in a Continuous compression zone respectively and b) in a procedure of a single stage.

Figure 8 is a front elevational view of A compression unit, with detail.

Figure 9 is a side elevational view of the compression unit of figure 8.

Figure 10 is a plan view of the unit compression figure 8.

Figure 11 shows the breaking zone of a) a board presenting a substantially fiber orientation parallel and b) and c) rock wool boards produced by the new procedure and divided into two parts perpendicular to the board plane.

Figure 12 is a perspective section a through a two-leaf board, the structure of the fibers on an enlarged scale and figure 13 is a diagram that shows various possible arrangements of four pairs of conveyors arranged consecutively in the direction of the transport.

Figures 1 to 5 illustrate the orientations of the fibers that occur frequently in compressed boards. The boards that have fibers arranged parallel to the surface (figure 1) have mechanical properties comparatively bad. To compensate for the inconvenience, the fibers are often strengthened with a binder and increased the density.

You can get products that have fibers arranged perpendicular to the surface if a board of the class shown in figure 1 is cut into strips, the strips are they rotate at an angle of 90º and then they are packed. This type Preparation is complex and correspondingly uneconomic. According to another type of preparation, the fleece folds (procedure folding, figure 2). These products have a resistance to compression and tensile substantially better in direction perpendicular to the plane of the board than the boards of the class that is shown in figure 1. The boards that have fibers folded can be curved and therefore can be used therefore to insulate pipes or to cover inside curved areas. A drawback, on the other hand, is that these products they tend to break along the folds, and the puncture resistance is insufficient. Another drawback of the known products of this class is that there may be relatively considerable differences in density in the board interior.

Figure 3 shows a two-leaf product, whose upper layer has an increased density. These products They are suitable for applications that require high resistance to footsteps or improved surface protection. As a result of the increased density of the top layer, the medium density

Figure 4 shows a product with a substantially isotropic fiber orientation, with a substantially random fiber orientation. These products they have excellent mechanical properties, such as high resistance to compression, treading and perforation, and a high tensile strength perpendicular to the board plane. These do not break and their thermal conductivity is substantially the same as that of the products shown in Figure 1. Generally, these products are lighter than comparable products that have substantially parallel fibers for comparable or improved mechanical properties.

Figure 5 shows a product in which they combine the advantages of an increased density of the upper layer and of the fiber structure shown in Figure 4. The object of the invention is particularly to improve additionally the properties of the products of the class that are shown in figures 4 and 5.

The apparatus 11 'shown in Figure 6 to carry out the process according to the invention comprises, considered in the direction of transport F, a stage of precompression 17 ', an optimization or compression unit 19' contiguous to the precompression stage 17 'and which is constituted by two pairs of conveyors 30, 32 to compress the felt or fleece, and also a conveyor belt 40 and a belt of clamp 42 and feed rollers 63, 65 to transport the compressed fleece to a curing stove 25. Finally, they are provided with conveyor belts 67, 67 'in the curing oven 25 to transport the compressed fleece through the stove and hold it on the opposite main faces during curing of the binder.

The precompression stage 17 'is constituted by a lower conveyor belt 27 and a compression belt 29. Through the precompression stage 17 ', the primary fleece preferably deposited in layers on the collecting belt 15 is precompresses to such a degree that the fleece designated with the reference 20 can be introduced into the compression unit 19 '. For this one purpose, the pressing tape 29 can be adjusted as to height.

The pairs of conveyors 30, 32 of the unit Compression 19 'consists of roller groups upper and lower 30 ', 30' 'and 32', 32 '' that are constituted each for six rollers 39. The upper roller groups e lower 30 ', 30' '; 32 ', 32' 'each have a independent drive (not illustrated in detail) so that the conveyors can be driven at different speeds, respectively. Also, the upper roller groups 30 ', 32' can be adjusted for height, so that the device 11 'is Can use for the production of products with different thicknesses The distance between the upper roller groups and lower 30 ', 30' '; 32 ', 32' 'is preferably identical.

To perform this procedure, the fleece is precompress in the precompression stage at approximately nominal thickness of the finished product and then compressed longitudinally with a spacing of the conveyors that corresponds approximately to the nominal thickness of the finished product. In these circumstances, the conveyor 30 is driven to a first speed and conveyor 32 at a second speed that does not normally exceed half of the first speed, so that this results in a corresponding compression length of fleece 20. In principle, another one could be provided conveyor in order to expand the fleece to some extent after longitudinal compression. This last stage can prevent highly compressed fleece from folding or loosening in the upward direction when transporting to the curing stove 25.

The compression unit 19 is followed by a conveyor belt 40 and a clamping device 42 in order of restricting compressed fleece 20 against loosening, it is say buckling up out of conveyor 40. The clamping device 42 is constituted by a tape not relatively heavy roller that is arranged on the band Continued from the fleece transported. The tape can be loaded additionally through the application of weights. They are planned feed rollers 63, 65 before curing oven 25 and preferably they can be refrigerated. Advantageously, the distances between the upper and lower roller groups are each adjusted to approximately the nominal thickness of the final product. This has the advantage that once the orientation of the fibers in the compression unit 19, it is no longer change

The precompression device shown in the Figure 7 differs from that shown in Figure 6 basically in that the compression unit 19 has four conveyors each with four rollers. It is planned also a multiple unit that can be used for Multi-sheet board production and can be used also in principle together with the apparatus 11 'shown in the Figures 6a and 6b. For simplification, they are used references in the following description that in the description the 11 'apparatus for similar parts.

The apparatus shown in Figure 7 for the Mineral fiber board production essentially comprises, arranged consecutively in the direction of transport F, a pendulum tape 13 and a collector tape 15 for deposition and respective reception of fibers produced by a unit of fiber production (not shown in detail), and a stage of precompression 17 and an optimization or compression unit 19 for form a felt or fleece 20 that has an orientation and a homogeneity of optimized fibers. The compression unit 19 for optimize compression is followed by a unit for multiple optional sheets 21 that can be used for the production of Multi-sheet mineral fiber boards. The unit for multiple sheets 21 is followed by means of transport 23 which keeps the compressed fleece fastened on the main faces opposite and feed it to an agglutination station, e.g. a curing oven 25.

The fiber production unit previously mentioned serves for the continuous production of fibers by one of the known procedures, eg, the spinning process in waterfall. The fibers produced, also called "fleece primary ", are sprayed (not shown) with a binder and are they pass through a conveyor (not shown) to the belt pendulum 13. This last tape is located above the tape collector 15 and oscillates transversely to the transport direction of the collecting belt 15. It is also possible, however, a different orientation of the pendulum movement, eg in the direction of transport. As a result of the pendular movement, the fleece primary 26 is deposited in the form of cross passes, as it will be observed from figure 7, on the collector belt 15, that moves forward, depending on the speed of this last and the frequency of pendular movement. They are possible without However, other means, for example jets, of gas for obtaining the most randomly possible fiber orientation on the collecting tape. As a result of the forward movement of the collecting belt 15, the orientation of the fibers is effected predominantly at an angle to the direction of the transport. Seen from above, the two-layer fleece fibers Overlays extend substantially crosswise.

The precompression stage 17 is constituted by a lower conveyor belt 27 and a compression belt 29. The latter is can be adjusted for height so that fleece 26 can be compressed in different grades. The stage of precompression 17 provides a precompression and a certain homogenization of the relatively loose fleece 20 before the same be entered in optimization unit 19. The two tapes 27 and 29 preferably have separate drives independent so that they can be operated at different tangential speeds

According to the exemplified embodiment shown, the optimization unit 19 is constituted by a plurality of conveyors or pairs of conveyors 31, 33, 35, 37. Each pair 31, 33, 35, 37 has a group of rollers upper and lower that are each constituted by four rollers 39. The space between the individual roller groups 31 ', 31' '; 33 ', 33' '; 35 ', 35' '; 37 ', 37' 'is adjustable. The groups of rollers are also adapted to be inclined relatively to each other preferably in the direction of transport. This last property makes it possible for fleece 20 to be continuously compressed in the thickness direction decompressed in its passage through the pair of conveyors 31, 33, 35, 37.

You can get a number of different formulations for the optimization of the fleece as a result of the possibility to adjust the distance between the roller groups opposites and their speeds. In this way, the properties of Products can be very different. Also, due to such adjustment means, the fiber structure can be optimized for controllable mode and, for example, folding can be avoided undesirable on the surface of the fleece.

At least the upper roller groups 31 '' and 31 'respectively of the first pair of conveyors 31 are They can adjust for height. This makes it possible for the fleece be subjected to a bend, as shown in figure 7, by example in order to smooth and compact the surface of the fleece.

The upper and lower roller groups 31 ', 31' '; 33 ', 33' '; 35 ', 35' '; 37 ', 37' 'of the pairs of conveyors 31, 33, 35, 37 each have a drive independent that is not shown in detail in Figure 7. The drives used are preferably progressively variables within a specific range, so that, by For example, the upper and lower roller groups can present different tangential speeds. It is necessary a slightly higher tangential velocity of the upper group, by example, if it is arranged, not horizontally, but forming an angle with the lower roller group.

Figures 8 to 10 show an example of shape of embodiment of the compression unit 19 in which the conveyors with roller groups 31 ', 31' '; 33 ', 33' '; 35 ', 35' '; 37 ', 37' 'that have rollers 39 are arranged on a support structure 71. They are provided wheels with chains 115 (figure 10) at one end of each of the rollers 39. Every four of five rollers 39 are interconnected through drive chains (not shown) and form a group of rollers. A drive 117 ', 117' ', 117' '' is provided, 117 '' '', 118 ', 118' ', 118' '', 118 '' '' for each group of rollers

The upper and lower roller groups 31 ', 31' 'of the first pair of conveyors 31 considered in the Transport direction (figure 9, arrow F) can be adjusted vertically The vertical adjustment of the upper roller group 31 'is effected by means of a drive member 81 which drives the stems 73, 73 'by means of the Cardan 77 shafts, 77 '.

A drive member 83 is used which actuates the rods 75, 75 'by means of the axles Cardan 79, 79' for vertical adjustment of the lower roller group 31 ''.

Unlike the first groups of rollers 31 ', 31' ', the position of the remaining roller groups is no adjustable (at the bottom) or adjustable only together (in the upper part). As will be seen particularly from Figures 8 and 9, the three groups of lower rollers later 33 '', 35 '', 37 '' considered in the direction of the transport are arranged on a stationary frame 85 while that the three upper roller groups 33 ', 35', 37 'are arranged on a vertically adjustable frame 87. The latter frame 87 is vertically adjustable at the top of the support structure 71. Linear guides 93 in columns 95, 95 ', 97, 97' provide a vertical guide of the frame 87. It is provided a drive member 103 which by means of the shafts Cardan 99, 99 ', 101, 101' drives the stems 89, 89 ', 91, 91' arranged in pairs on the support structure 71, for vertical adjustment of the frame 87.

The upper roller groups 33 ', 35', 37 ', the last of which has 5 rollers 39, are arranged on support rails 105 rotatably connected to the frame 87 by means of pivot 107. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the front end of lanes 105 considered in the transport direction is connected to the frame vertically adjustable 87 by another pair of shanks 109, 109 '. Through the adjustment of the stems 109, 109 ', it is possible to swing the support rails 105 up or down outside the horizontal so that, for example, it is possible to form a path that narrows in the direction of transport F. Stems 109, 109 'are also interconnected by means of Cardan 111 shafts, 111 'so that in this case again a drive 113 is Enough to adjust them.

Figure 13 shows various possibilities of how in principle four pairs of conveyors The settings according to figures 13b and 13c, without However, they cannot be performed with the compression unit according to the Figures 8 to 10. An arrangement of the groups of rollers 31 ', 31' ', 33', 33 '', 35 ', 35' ', 37', 37 '' according to the figure 13d, for example, light products have to be prepared.

The optimization unit 19 comprising a plurality of pairs of conveyors is followed by the unit optional multi-sheet 21, which in the example of form illustrated embodiment is in the form of a device for dual density This comprises a separation device 41, by example a band saw or a band knife, shown only in diagram in figure 7 to separate the fleece compressed 20 in two continuous bands 43 and 45. The unit for multiple sheets 21 also includes conveyors 47, 49, 50 and 51, eg conveyor belts, which fix the continuous compressed subbands 43, 45 in terms of thickness. Any difference that may take place for reasons geometric between the separation device and, for example, the Conveyor belt 49 or 50 can be avoided when possible by guide plates. These prevent the continuous band from fleece 43, which is compressed in varying degrees, loosen.

The separation device 41 and the subsequent conveyor can preferably be adjusted in How tall This allows the fleece to leave the unit. compression 19 to be cut and form lower bands and upper 43, 45 of virtually any thickness. In addition, the separation device 41 and conveyor belt 49 can be also move independently of each other and up in a degree such that they are arranged outside the transport range of the fleece. The conveyor belt 49 then serves as the belt of subjection. Due to the possibility of vertical adjustment, the apparatus 11 can optionally be used for the production of boards a single sheet or multiple sheets. Basically, it can be provided a plurality of separation devices and the corresponding fastening straps to make it possible to produce boards with three or even more layers. You can also adjust the distance between the upper and lower rollers so that it They can prepare outer layers with different thicknesses.

Two pairs of conveyors 53, 54 arranged to continuation of the conveyors 50, 51 are used for compression in the thickness and longitudinal direction of the band top 45. Conveyor pairs 53, 54 preferably comprise rollers 55, which are combined in each case to form groups of upper and lower rollers with Three rollers in each case. The pairs of conveyors 53, 54 are can each operate at different tangential speeds of so that the elongations that can take place as a result of compression in the thickness direction can be compensated by posterior longitudinal compression. Also, the distance between the upper and lower rollers can be adjust so that outer layers can be prepared with Different thicknesses

Conveyor belts, channels and / or guide plates (not shown in detail) combine the band continuous compressed 45 'with the lower continuous band 43. In the In most cases, a fastening tape can be dispensed with for the very compressed continuous band 45 '. It is planned a dosing device 57 for a binder in the area in the that continuous bands meet 43, 45. With this provision it is it is possible to apply a binder to the contact surfaces of the continuous upper and / or lower bands 43, 45 'in order to obtain a better bond after cure of the binder. In the most cases, particularly if it has been compensated previously any lengthening that has taken place, you can also dispense with a dosing device 57.

Feed belts 59, 61 and rollers supply 63, 65 compress the combined continuous bands 43, 45 'each other and transport them to the curing oven 25. Tangential speeds of feed belts 59, 61 and of feed rollers 63, 65 can be adjusted advantageously individually so that a compression or decompression of the compressed continuous bands 43, 45 'if required. At least the feed rollers 63, 65 can preferably be refrigerated. They are planned preferably air permeable conveyor belts 67, 67 'in the curing oven 25. The tapes 67, 67 'hold together the continuous bands 43, 45 'during the curing procedure and of in this way they substantially determine the nominal thickness of the finished boards. The 67, 67 'belts, as well as the conveyors 59, 61, 63, 65, are vertically adjustable and can therefore be adjust to the thickness of the fleece coming from the unit to multiple sheets 21 or compression unit 19.

The production of the multi-sheet board is can perform as follows: the primary fleece provided to from the collection chamber (not shown) and provided with binder and, in the case of rock wool fibers normally with a weight of about 200 to 800 g / m2, preferably of 200 to 400 g / m2, with approximately an average thickness of 15 to 20 mm, or often up to 75 mm, is fed to the pendulum belt  13. The latter deposits the primary fleece on the tape collector 15 that advances continuously. Depending on the speed of this the last tape 15 and the frequency of the pendular tape 13, a greater or lesser number of fleece layers are formed on the 15 tape in the vertical direction. The number of layers is selected according to the required properties of the board, eg the weight, the compressive strength, etc., of the final product. The number of layers also depend on the formulation of the fibers, that is, on the stages of treatment of the individual fibers between the fiber production unit and curing oven 25. Normally, 2 to 40 or 50 layers are deposited on the tape collector 15.

The deposition of primary fleece 26 by of the pendulum tape 13, not only provides a good transverse distribution of the fibrous material on the tape collector 15, but also contributes to an orientation uniform of the fibers and to a certain homogeneity. It can influence also about the orientation of the fibers in a controllable way changing the direction of the pendulum movement

The deposited fleece undergoes a precompression in the precompression stage 17. Precompression is normally such that the fleece can be taken by the rollers of the first pair of conveyors (nominal thickness is required, plus at most approximately 40% of the diameter of the rollers) Some change of direction of the fleece is desirable after of the precompression so that, at the entrance to the unit of compression, sufficient adhesion is achieved between the fleece and the rollers to provide the required reorientation of the fibers Since, in the case of products that have a density less than about 80 to 90 kg / m3 forces expansion that prevail in the fleece during compression longitudinally are much lower, a moderate compression in the thickness direction in addition to the longitudinal compression in the production of said products with the in order to adjust the required tension and avoid undesirable folding on the surface of the fleece.

In the case of duplication, that is, when the primary fleece is deposited in layers, the fleece surfaces they have steps that show varying degrees. These staggers they can be leveled at least partially in the stage of precompression 17, driving the upper belt 29 at a speed slightly higher than would be necessary for transport additional.

The partially smoothed fleece can be submitted to an additional smoothing in optimization unit 19. For this end, for example, the first and second pair of conveyors are they can be arranged so that they are out of alignment. it's possible also that any other pair of conveyors is arranged out of alignment. The out-of-alignment arrangement subjects the fleece transported 20 to a curvature or deviation transverse, which can smooth surfaces of the fleece. The smoothing effect can be improved if the second pair Conveyor moves somewhat more slowly than the first.

Preferably, a compression is performed longitudinal from 2: 1 to 6: 1 (corresponding to speeds tangential of the first and the last pair of conveyors 31 and 37) in the compression unit 19 substantially with a roller spacing corresponding to the nominal thickness of the board that is being produced (i.e. a compaction by longitudinal compression without compression in the direction of the thickness). In the case of lighter products, however, a longitudinal compression together with a Simultaneous moderate compression in the thickness direction. At case of a single speed staggering, every two pairs of conveyors 31, 33 and 35, 37 can be operated together by a single drive.

Although conveyor belts can be used for compression, rollers are preferred, because the Folding tendency on fleece surfaces is relatively smaller, even with considerable degree of longitudinal compression. The fleece can be compressed longitudinally greatly with rollers 39 without an appreciable folding on the surface of the fleece. One possible explanation for this is that there is only one slight adhesion between the rollers and the fleece. Rollers they also favor the reorientation of the fibers, since the fleece something can be expanded between the rollers in each case but without a creased.

This results in good compaction. of the fiber felt inside and on the surface.

Fleece 20 is separated by a band saw or a band knife in a known way By herself. The upper continuous band 45 without the structure of optimized fibers is then subjected to compression in the thickness and longitudinal direction. In this compression, the fibers of the upper layer 45 are further compacted by the compression in the thickness and longitudinal direction. The band compressed in the direction of thickness 45 'is returned to continuation to the lower continuous band 43 that moves continually.

The compressed fleece 43, 45 ', more particularly the continuous band 43 under tension, is guided between the compression stage 19 and the curing oven 25 by the conveyors 47, 49, 59, 61, 63, 65, for example belts, chains or rollers, preferably conveyor belts, in order to prevent any loosening or buckling.

In the curing oven 25, the binder in the fleece. The cure of the binder takes place at temperatures between 180 and 300 ° C, preferably at temperature of about 200 to 250 ° C. The binder ensures also a firm connection between the two continuous bands 43, 45 'with a low and high apparent density.

To improve the adhesion of the bands continuous 43, 45 ', can be provided to the contact points a solid or liquid adhesive thereof (device for dosage 57) in the unit for multiple sheets before being combined.

Alternatively, or in addition, the union between two continuous bands 43, 45 'can be improved if the bands continuous shrink somewhat before the curing stove 25, preferably in a ratio of 1.1: 1 to 2: 1. Depending on degree of contraction, this can result in some folding of the continuous bands. The contraction results in increase in contact surface size and can be improved in this way the adhesion / felting of the continuous bands.

With the apparatus described above according to the invention, the fleece or felt is compressed longitudinally preferably in a single stage. Alternatively, the device will it can also operate so that a plurality is formed of compression zones or a zone of continuous compression during the compression.

Example 1

100

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Example 2

101

Example 3

102

Compared to the boards they present a fiber structure and density not optimized, the weight of the boards produced by the new procedure can be reduce up to 25 to 40% for mechanical properties on the other substantially identical part. Tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the board is greatly improved, this being evident from the observation of the area of very structured fracture (figures 11b and 11c).

The products according to the invention can be use for any of the conventional purposes of the synthetic fibers, eg for boards, continuous bands, used for thermal insulation, as flame retardants and for protection against fire or for soundproofing and noise control, or in a Appropriate form in horticulture as a culture medium.

Claims (20)

1. Continuous procedure for the production of a two-leaf or multi-sheet bonded mineral fiber board from a mineral fiber fleece by longitudinal precompression of the fleece in a precompression unit (19), by feeding the precompressed fleece (20) to a separation device (41), by separating the fleece by means of the separation device (41) into two or more continuous subbands (43, 45), by compressing at least one subband (45) in the thickness direction, followed by the combination of the continuous subbands (43, 45 ') and by transporting them to an agglutination station (25) in which the fleece is attached, characterized in that the rupture of each of the continuous subbands (43, 45) tensioned between the compression unit (19) and the agglutination station (25) is avoided by means of restriction means (49, 50, 51, 59, 61 , 63, 65). 2. Method according to claim 1, in which restriction means are selected from tapes conveyors, chains, roller systems and plates guided. 3. Method according to claim 1 or the claim 2, wherein the restriction means extend from the separation device to the position in which a sub-band is compressed and from the device separation to the position in which the Continuous subbands are combined. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one sub-band compressed in the thickness direction (45) is compressed longitudinally. 5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the contact surfaces of the continuous subbands (43, 45) are provided with binder before being combined. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combined continuous bands (44, 45 ') are compressed longitudinally before joining. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation device (41) is continuously cleaned. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fleece is compressed longitudinally before the separation device in a compression unit in a continuous compression zone or in stages substantially without compression in the thickness direction taking place. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before entering the compression unit (21) the fleece is precompressed between approximately 0.8 and 1.5 times, preferably between 0.9 and 1.3 times the thickness. Nominal of the finished product. 10. Method according to claim 8 or the claim 9, wherein the compression is performed in a stage. 11. Procedure according to any of the previous claims, wherein the fleece is compressed to approximately the nominal thickness of the finished product as very late by the last transporter. 12. Procedure for the continuous production of a mineral fiber board that has two or more layers of different densities by longitudinal precompression of a fiber felt in a compression unit, by feeding the precompressed felt to a separation device ( 41), by separating the felt into two or more continuous sub-bands (43, 45), by compressing at least one sub-band (45) in the thickness direction, followed by the combination of the sub- continuous bands (43, 45 ') and the transport thereof to an agglutination station (25) in which the felt is attached, characterized in that the longitudinal compression of the fiber felt is conducted to a compression unit (19) without compression in the thickness direction in an area of continuous compression in which the nominal thickness of the product is maintained, and the rupture of each of the continuous subbands (43, 45) tensioned between the unit is avoided compression (19) and the agglutination station (25) by means of restriction. 13. Procedure according to any of the previous claims, wherein the longitudinal compression imparts a folded structure to the precompressed fleece. 14. Apparatus for the continuous production of a board of mineral fibers bonded from a mineral fiber fleece comprising means (27, 29) arranged consecutively in the direction of transport F for the precompression of the fleece, first means of transport (19) for transporting the fleece to a separation device (41), a separation device (41) to separate the fleece into two or more continuous subbands (43, 45), means for compressing at least one sub -band (45) in the thickness direction, a few second means of transport (23) to subsequently combine the continuous subbands (43, 45 ') and transport them to the agglutination station (25) in which it joins the fleece, characterized in that the first means of transport (19) form a compression unit comprising at least two pairs of conveyors (31, 33, 35, 37) arranged consecutively in the direction of transport, and means (49 , 50, 5 1, 59, 61, 63, 65) are provided to prevent a rupture of each of the continuous subbands (43, 45) tensioned between the compression unit (19) and the agglutination station (25). 15. Apparatus according to claim 14, in the that the restriction means extend from the device of separation to the means to compress at least one sub-band and from the separation device until the second means of transport. 16. Apparatus according to claim 14 or the claim 15, wherein the restriction means is select from tapes, chains, roller systems and plates Guided 17. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that means (57) are provided for providing the continuous sub-bands binder before re-combining them. 18. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the separation device (41) is a band knife or a band saw. 19. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that a cleaning device is provided for continuous or intermittent cleaning of the band knife or band saw. 20. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that at least the separation device (41) and the following clamping device (49) can be adjusted vertically in the area of the unit for multiple sheets (21).