ES2285374T3 - TOOL THAT ALLOWS THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORGED MECHANICAL PARTS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The tool has an upper trimming punch (6) integrated with a vertically movable slide. A lower punch (13) traverses a lower trimming plate (11) at base of the upper punch (6). The lower punch (6) co-operates with the lower trimming plate (11) to cut burr of a crankshaft when the crankshaft arrives in contact with the trimming plate (11) and to rectify the crankshaft retained between two punches.

Description

Tooling that allows the deburring of parts Forged mechanics

The present invention relates to a tooling which allows the deburring of forged mechanical parts such as crankshafts for motor vehicles for example.

Most engine crankshafts four or six cylinders are forged and have the peculiarity of have faces and radii of counterweight that remain raw forging, which saves time in terms of machining.

In that type of engine the games are small located between the rotating crankshaft and the crankcases and areas that are not retaken during machining must therefore have a correct dimensional and geometric accuracy. In forging the main causes that influence these precisions are the diversion and the crankshaft folding, involving this large folding Difficulty balancing the crankshaft correctly.

JP 63 286234-A describes a deburring tool for forged mechanical parts according to the preamble of claim 1 and according to which the burr it is cut thanks to a press that exerts a tension on the piece when cutting, which prevents the formation of defects in the piece. A cylinder exerts tension, so it not only increases the costs of the press but also imposes the realization of a press specific.

The invention proposes a tooling that, while It allows the deburring of crankshafts, eliminates almost the defects of folding the crankshaft and it is inexpensive since it can be mounted on A traditional press.

The invention proposes a tool according to claim 1

In addition, the vertically mobile plate is integral with two respective central branches of two distant pieces parallel and stirrup-shaped, between the lateral branches of the that the fixed deburring plate is placed, and the stops are mounted adjustable respectively on the free end faces of the branches sides of the pieces in stirrup.

Advantageously wedges are interposed between the stops and the extreme faces of the lateral branches of the pieces in stirrup in order to adjust the distance to a certain value between the slide and the vertically movable plate, which corresponds at the distance between the punches necessary to imprison the piece forged as soon as the legs come into contact with the stops.

According to one embodiment, each stop comprises a circular head with which the leg comes in contact corresponding and a cylindrical pin removably fixed in a drilling of the side branch of the stirrup piece.

In addition each elastic element is interposed between the corresponding lateral branch of the stirrup piece and the plate support and comprises a stack of assembled elastic washers concentrically in a cylindrical shaft fixed on the support plate and in a bay perpendicular to it to fit by sliding at the end of the drilling opposite to the one receiving the bumper of the stop, top, maximum as a noun, top as an adverb.

When lowering the punches after cutting the burr, the latter sympathizes with the upper punch surrounding it and during the controlled rise of the slide, the elements elastics exert a return effort on the lower punch that keeps the forged piece trapped between the two punches until the lower punch is in its high resting position, in bay with respect to the deburring plate.

The slide also includes a plate horizontal crossed by the upper punch, which has a controlled displacement with respect to the slide and that can scroll down with respect to the upper punch when the slide returns to its high inactive position to eject the burr of the upper punch and make it fall into a container of Recovery.

Advantageously the press slide is mounts vertically mobile in two solidarity guide columns  With the support plate.

An automaton is planned that places with its arms with pliers the forged piece with burr on the lower punch and which then removes the deburred forge from this punch.

According to another embodiment, the stops may be of electric or hydraulic type and adjust remotely, to starting from the press control console for example which can Be of hydraulic type.

The invention can be better understood and will appear more clearly other objectives, characteristics, details and advantages of this in the explanatory description made to continuation with respect to the attached drawings given only to example mode and illustrating an embodiment of the invention and in which:

- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a deburring tooling of forged mechanical parts of the invention which occupies its reception position of a forged part with burr;

- Figure 2 is a perspective view of a tooling of figure 1 on which a forged part with burr;

- Figure 3 is a sectional view in the vertical plane comprising line III-III of the figure 2;

- Figure 4 is a perspective view of the tooling in a position where the forged piece is imprisoned with burrs between two upper and lower punches before cutting the burr;

- Figure 5 is a sectional view in the vertical plane comprising the V-V line of the figure 4;

- Figure 6 is a perspective view that represents the position of both upper and lower punches of the Figure 4 without the piece forged with burr;

- Figure 7 is a perspective view of the tooling in its cutting position of the burr of the piece forged;

- Figure 8 is a sectional view in the vertical plane comprising line VIII-VIII of figure 7;

- Figure 9 is a perspective view of the tooling in its position free of access to the forged part deburring;

- Figure 10 is a sectional view in the plane comprising the line X-X of Figure 9; Y

- Figure 11 is a perspective view of the tooling that shows an automaton that grabs the forged part deburred and recovers the previously cut burr.

The tooling of the invention will be described in the application to deburring a forged crankshaft for engine internal combustion of four or six cylinders for example, but of course it can be applied to any other type of piece forged mechanics

As it is known in itself, first the crankshaft 1 preferably twice under an automatic press, of 5,000 tons for example, then it is transferred preferably with the clamps 2a of an automaton arm 2, only shown in figure 11, to the tooling of the invention for simultaneous deburring and straightening, as described in continuation according to the invention.

The press in which the different ones are mounted tools of the invention can be a mechanical press or hydraulics whose power depends on the forged part to be taken Than deburring and straightening. For a crankshaft the power of such Press can reach 300 to 1 000 tons.

The tooling of the invention as it is represented in the figures comprises a top part fixed in the slide 3 vertically movable with respect to a support plate bottom horizontal 4 by means of two vertical columns telescopic 5 whose lower ends are integral with the plate support 4, the slide 3 extending parallel to and above the plate 4.

Below the slide 3 is fixed, thanks to any convenient means, a top deburring punch 6 so that it follows the descending and ascending movements of said slide with respect to the support plate 4.

Below the slide 3 and parallel to this is fixed a rectangular plate 7 intended for extraction or the ejection of the cut burr 1a of the crankshaft 1, as seen in then, and that can be controlled to move vertically from its resting position next to the slide 3 a its position of extraction of the burr 1a integral with the punch upper 6 away from this slide. Plate 7 comprises four guide shafts 8 approximately located in the four corners of the plate 7 and that can slide respectively by four 9 conjugated drills of the slide 3. The movements of lowering and raising the plate 7 with respect to the slide 3 They can be controlled with a cat (not shown).

The upper punch 6 passes through an opening conjugate 7a of the extraction plate 7 so that it can move the latter vertically with respect to punch 6.

The slide 3 also comprises four legs vertical 10 solidarity with the slide, which stand out for under it and located two to two from both sides of the plate extraction 7 and upper punch 6.

The tooling also comprises a fixed lower deburring plate 11 integral with a generally parallel parallelepiped support block 12 fixed in the support plate 4 and a lower punch 13 that passes through the deburring plate 11 vertically with respect to the upper punch 6. The deburring plate 11 comprises a deburring relief 11a that cooperates with the punch 13 to cut the burr 1a of the crankshaft
one.

The lower punch 13 is integral with a plate 14 extending transversely to the support plate 4 in direction parallel to the telescopic guide columns 5 and vertically movable with respect to the deburring plate 11 below the latter in order to move from a high position in which the upper punch 13 protrudes with respect to the plate deburring 11 and its relief 11a at a low position where the burr 1a of the crankshaft 1 is cut thanks to the relief 11a of the deburring plate 11.

Plate 14 is solidarity with two pieces identical in stirrup 15 parallel to each other and that they extend perpendicularly to the vertical plane that passes through the two guide columns 5. More precisely the support plate 14 of the lower punch 13 is fixed in the two central branches 15a of the stirrup pieces 15 between the two lateral branches 15b of both pieces. The plate 14 extends perpendicular to the branches central 15a of the pieces in stirrup 15 and the deburring plate 11 extends between the side branches 15b of the pieces in stirrup 15.

Elastic elements 16 are interposed between the stirrup pieces 15 and support plate 4 in order to carry your high position the pieces in stirrup 15 with respect to the plate support 4 and therefore to block 12. Thus the displacement descending of the pieces in stirrup 15 towards the plate 4 is carried out against the return force of the elastic elements 16. Preferably each of the latter is constituted by a stacking of elastic washers 17 concentrically mounted on a vertical cylindrical shaft 18 integral with the plate 4 and whose upper end protruding from this plate is mounted so slider in a bore 19 made through one of the corresponding side branches 15b of a piece in stirrup 15. Thus four elastic elements 16 associated respectively to the four lateral branches that extend towards the top 15b of the pieces in stirrup 15. In the high position of the pieces in stirrup 15 and then of the lower punch 13 is housed approximately one bottom half of stacked washers 17 of each elastic element 16 in a corresponding vertical drilling 20 of the support plate 4 and certain washers 17 of the upper part of the elastic element 16 in a facing corresponding 21 performed below the vertical side branch 15b of the stirrup piece 15 coaxially to the drilling 1a. The top and bottom washers 17 of each elastic element 16 respectively support two rigid washers 22 in support in the bottom of the corresponding facing 21 and drilling 20, the washer 22 can slide along the associated shaft 18 during the vertical displacements of the piece in stirrup 15 with with respect to the support plate 4.

On each horizontal top face free extreme a stop is mounted on a side branch 15b of a stirrup piece 15 adjustable 23 comprising a circular head 24 with which it can contact a corresponding leg 10 of the slide 3 and a cylindrical stud 25 removably fixed at the end of the drilling 19 opposite to what the end penetrates upper guide shaft 18.

Wedges 26 can be interposed between head 24 of each stop 23 and the upper side of the lateral branch corresponding 15b of a piece in stirrup 15. Wedges 26 allow you to adjust the distance between the slide 3 and the pieces in stirrup 15, and thus the plate vertically mobile 14, as soon as the legs 10 come into contact with the heads 24 of the stops 23 when lowering the slide 3. This distance value determine the distance between the upper 6 and lower 13 punches necessary to imprison the forged piece 1.

As you can see in Figure 6, the punches upper 6 and lower 13 each define an imprint 6a, 13a that adapts to the contours of the crankshaft 1, along it, without interfere with the burr 1a of the crankshaft 1 protruding from one and Another part of this crankshaft. So each punch 6 and 13 can be constituted by a plurality of vertical walls 6b, 13b which is extend along a longitudinal direction parallel to the columns of guide 5 opposite one above the other in order to imprison the crankshaft at different points located along of this one.

Arrows F1 and F2 in Figure 1 symbolize the passage of a cooling liquid through a circuit cooling performed on deburring plate 11, circuit no represented in the figures so as not to overload them.

The operation of the press already stands out from The above description and explained now.

In the waiting position of the press represented in figure 1 in which the slide 3 occupies its high and free position above the lower punch 13, the automaton 2 grabs the forged crankshaft with its clamps 2a 1 with its burr 1a, to place this set on the punch bottom 13, as depicted in figures 2 and 3 showing that the lower part of the crankshaft 1 is housed in the imprints 13a conjugates of the lower punch 13 with the protrusion 1a protruding all over the contour of the crankshaft 1 above the punch 13 in the longitudinal median plane of the crankshaft 1. With the action of the ascending return force exerted by the elastic elements 16 punch 13 occupies its high baying position above the relief 11a of the deburring plate 11.

Then slide 3 is controlled to lower guided by columns 5 towards the support plate 4 until that the upper punch 6 comes to cover and pinch the crankshaft 1 between this punch and the lower punch 13 and, simultaneously, the legs 10 come into contact respectively with stops 23. wedges 26 located below the heads 24 of the stops 23 are adjust according to the height of the forged crankshaft 1, adjusting these wedges allows you to leave only the distance necessary between the punches 6, 13 for the crankshaft 1. In the In this case, such adjustment is done by hand but can be automated with adjustable stops, electric or hydraulic, controlled by distance to determine your exact adjustment position distance between the punches 6, 13 necessary for the crankshaft 1. The Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the clamping of the crankshaft 1 between the punches 6 and 13 when legs 10 have just come into contact with the stops 23, still occupying the lower punch 13 its position high above the deburring plate 11.

When continuing down, the slide 3 also carries down the crankshaft and its burr 1a against the force of return exerted by the elastic elements 16, and upon entering contact the burr 1a of the forged part 1 with the cutting part of the relief 11a of the deburring plate 11, the pressure exerted by the elastic elements 16 on the crankshaft by means of the punches 6, 13 is a 120 ton, which allows dressing the crankshaft that had been folded during the stamping operation before taking it to the press according to the invention.

Slider 3 keeps going down so that the burr 1a, in contact with the cutting part of the deburring plate 11, can be cut and removed from crankshaft 1 without being able to deform the latter, with about 350 tons being the pressure exerted during the cut. Figures 7 and 8 represent the state of the slide 3 in its lowest position in which the burr 1a is cut with the deburring plate 11 and moves towards the top of the crankshaft to be placed around the upper punch 6 which Keep this burr.

Then slide 3 is controlled so that it goes up and the elastic elements 16 exert the return force crankshaft maintenance ascendant 1 pinched between both upper 6 and lower 13 punches until the lower punch 13 reach its high position above the deburring plate 11, as depicted in figures 9 and 10, and by continuing to climb the Slider 3 takes the burr 1a in solidarity with the lower end of the deburring punch 6 remaining on it when the slide 3 reaches the end of its run in position high. It should be noted that when sliding the slide 3 and until the lower punch 13 to its high position with the action of the elastic elements 16, punch 6 and punch 13 pass through of the deburring plate 11 without the crankshaft being deformed one.

Figure 11 shows that PLC 2 located at the back of the press grab with his tweezers 2a the deburring crankshaft 1 to remove it from the lower punch 13 and that the extraction plate 7 is guided down to separate the burr 1a of the upper punch 6 and drop it into a container of recovery 2b of automaton 2 which then leaves the press to evacuate crankshaft 1 and burrs 1a.

The operating cycle is repeated above described for deburring and dressing a new crankshaft simultaneously  forged 1 with burr 1a.

Thus the press according to the invention allows simultaneously deburring a forged crankshaft and dressing it in case that had been folded during the previous stamping operation to almost cancel the folding defects of this crankshaft, while that before such crankshafts could have bends up to 1.8 mm implying great difficulties to balance them, being intolerable unbalanced in the case of a crankshaft engine internal combustion of four or six cylinders.

Different modifications can be made to the tooling described above without leaving the scope of the invention. So The usual press control console can be used to remotely slide the slide 3, the jack of displacement of the extraction plate 7 of the burr 1a and the electric or hydraulic stops for adjusting the distance of crankshaft clamping between both upper punches 6 e lower 13 of the tooling.

The different tools of the invention can be mounted on a traditional mechanical or hydraulic press that have a power that of course depends on the size of the piece forged to be deburred and dressed, power that can go from 300 to 1 000 tons to deburring and dressing a crankshaft as previously mentioned.

Claims (11)

1. Tooling that allows the deburring of forged mechanical parts (1), such as crankshafts for motor vehicles, comprising a press; an upper deburring punch (6) integral with a slide of the vertically movable press (3) guided; a fixed lower deburring plate (11) integral with a support plate (4); a lower punch (13) that crosses the deburring plate (11) vertically with respect to the upper punch (6), integral with a plate (14) vertically movable with respect to the deburring plate (11), below the latter , and that it can occupy a high position in a bay with respect to the deburring plate (11) in which a forged part (1) is placed on the lower punch (13) before the controlled descent of the slide (3) and then it is trapped between the lower (6) and upper punches, (13) during the sliding movement of the slide (3) that causes the concomitant descent, with respect to the deburring plate (11), of the punches (6, 13 ) that clamp the forged part (1) and the vertically movable plate (14) against the return force of elastic elements (16), in order to cut the burr (1a) of the forged part (1) to the it comes into contact with the deburring plate (11), the elastic elements (16) exert on the punches nes (6, 13) an increasing pressure as the punches (6, 13) are lowered through the deburring plate (11) and, where appropriate, allow forging the forged part (1), and characterized in that the slide (3) It comprises, in solidarity with it, at least two identical vertical legs (10) located on either side of the upper punch (6) and which, when lowering the slide (3), come into contact respectively with two adjustable stops (23) kinematically connected to the vertically movable plate (14) and located on either side of the deburring plate (11) to move the plate (14) down against the return force of the elastic elements
(16). 2. Tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertically movable plate (14) is integral with two respective central branches (15a) of two parallel and abutment-shaped remote parts (15), between the lateral branches (15b) of the that the fixed deburring plate (11) is placed, and because the adjustable stops (23) are mounted respectively on the free end faces of the lateral branches (15b) of the stirrup pieces (15). 3. Tooling according to claim 2, characterized in that wedges (26) are interposed between the stops (23) and the end faces of the side branches (15b) of the stirrup pieces (15) in order to adjust to a certain value the distance between the slide (3) and the vertically movable plate (14), which corresponds to the distance between the punches (6, 13) necessary to imprison the forged part (1) as soon as the legs (10) come into contact with the stops (23). 4. Tooling according to claim 3, characterized in that each stop (23) comprises a circular head (24) with which the corresponding leg (10) comes in contact and a cylindrical pin (25) removably fixed in a bore (19) ) of the lateral branch (15b) of the stirrup piece (15). 5. Tooling according to claim 4, characterized in that each elastic element (16) is interposed between the corresponding lateral branch (15b) of the stirrup piece (15) and the support plate (4) and comprises a stack of elastic washers (17 ) concentrically mounted on a cylindrical shaft (18) fixed on the support plate (4) and on a projection perpendicular to it to fit by sliding at the end of the borehole (19) opposite to the one receiving the stud (25) of the stop (23) . 6. Tooling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by lowering the punches (6, 13) after cutting the burr (1a), the latter is in solidarity with the upper punch (6) surrounding it and during the controlled rise of the sliding (3), the elastic elements (16) exert a return effort on the lower punch (13) that keeps the forged piece (1) imprisoned between the two punches (6, 13) until the lower punch (13) is found in its high resting position, in a bay with respect to the deburring plate (11). 7. Tooling according to claim 6, characterized in that the slide (3) further comprises a horizontal plate (7) crossed by the upper punch (6), which has a controlled displacement with respect to the slide (3) and which can move towards below with respect to the upper punch (6) when the slide (3) returns to its high inactive position to eject the burr (1a) from the upper punch (6) and make it fall into a recovery vessel (2b). 8. Tooling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slide (3) of the press is mounted vertically movable on two guide columns (5) in solidarity with the support plate (4). 9. Tooling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an automaton (2) is provided that places the forged part (1) with burrs (1a) with burrs (1a) on the lower punch (13) and then remove the deburred piece (1) from this punch. 10. Tooling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stops (23) are of the electric or hydraulic type and are adjusted remotely, from the control console of the press for example. 11. Tooling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the press is of the hydraulic type.