ES2272133B1 - FORMWORK FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE FORGINGS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Formwork for the construction of concrete slabs, comprising a lower supported platform composed of prefabricated mortar plates (1), which determine the surface view of the slab, on which lightened pieces (4) composed of a lightweight material are arranged and configured as hollow boxes, opened by the lower base. The plates are arranged so that each case (4) covers the meeting point of each four adjacent plates. The cassettes and plates are endowed on their surfaces facing complementary conformations (8-9-10-11) and (2-3) and attachable with each other.

Description

Formwork for the construction of floor slabs concrete.

The present invention relates to a formwork for the construction of concrete slabs, composed from two pieces of different nature, constituted so that allow the formation of lost formwork for floors, with nerves in one or two perpendicular directions, providing one of these pieces a slab of the forged by its inferior face.

Formwork for building slabs of concrete comprise a lower supported platform, on the that lightened pieces are arranged, among which are delimited channels that will house the armor and will form the nerves of the wrought. These channels can run in only one direction or in two perpendicular directions, to get forged unidirectional or reticular.

The lower platform may be composed of  planks, which support on sops supported by struts. By On the other hand, lightened pieces can be made of ceramic, based on polystyrene or other similar expanded materials, etc. One time concreting and partially forging the floor, the lower platform, leaving as the surface seen from it the corresponding to lightened parts and corresponding to concreted nerves.

The lower platform can also be constituted on the basis of supported polystyrene plates, on the that are arranged, in coincidence with them, lightened pieces of equal contour. In this case, the surface view of the floor is that of the polystyrene that forms the plates.

These systems present a series of inconvenience In one case, the surface seen from the floor is not uniform, since part is defined by the lightened pieces and part by the concrete of the nerves. And in the case of formwork lost polystyrene, although the surface is uniform, it remains at the view of polystyrene, which being a good thermal insulator, lacks the properties and consistency, required for another series of needs of a coating.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the exposed problems, through a lost formwork, consisting of two different pieces, both in geometry and in nature, which become part of the floor, once concreting, and one of which, composed of a mortar, it is the one that defines the surface seen of the floor, so that surface is uniform, both in nature or type of material, as in its geometry and constitutes a coating that saves the problems noted above.

Of the two pieces that become part of the formwork, one of them consists of a prefabricated plate of mortar, whose composition will depend on the needs Preset architectural So for the formation of these plates a lightened low density mortar can be used in consequence of lower weight and lower mechanical performance, or a high density mortar, heavier and better performance mechanical In addition the mortar may incorporate materials with different thermal and acoustic performance.

With this plate the lower platform is formed of the formwork, supporting them on the sopandas and / or blind formwork, and arranging them so that they are supported consecutively by Your songs Preferably the plate will be square or rectangular.

The second piece that becomes part of the formwork is composed of a lightweight material, for example of a plastic nature, such as polystyrene or polyurethane expanded and configured as a hollow case, shaped straight prismatic, open at the bottom and endowed internally of intermediate reinforcement partitions. These casetones are arranged in an inverted position on the lower platform conformed by prefabricated plates, so that each cassette stay centered on the meeting point between every four plates adjacent, the plates and cases will be arranged on their surfaces confrontations of complementary conformations that ensure the coupling and mutual fit, all so that when concreting the Forged, both the plates and the cases are part of the same.

With this constitution, the plate will define the face  bottom view of the slab, before applying the finishing coat or decorative coating on it. The face of the floor defined by the plates will present a homogeneous surface, of same material across its surface and with the same geometry, the concrete of the concrete being left in all the hidden surface slab nerves as the lightened pieces that make up the casetones

The plate is designed so that the face bottom of the floor has a flat surface, while its  upper surface will be provided with the conformations that ensure the placement and fitting of the cases. When a decorative covering, with the surface presented by the floor This may be terminated, provided that the uniformity of the surface in sight both in form appearance, fully flat, such as the homogeneity of the material in which the plate, and its consistency, offers us a final finish enough.

As already indicated, the cases or pieces lightening are made of a single material and will constitute a lightening and insulating element, which will be occluded in the slab and without being visible on either side of it, of so that it will not be in contact with the finish coating decorative that is applied to the underside of the floor or neither with the surface screed or upper face of the same.

The cassette will be designed so that it conforms a lightening element in the floor, lightening, of the height required by the architectural project.

The conformations presented by the plates by Your upper face may consist of nerves or protrusions that they protrude from the upper surface of said plates. For his part, the conformations of the cassettes can consist of recesses or recesses that present the walls and partitions from of his free singing, being such recesses or recesses configured, sized and positioned to fit on the ribs or ribs of the plates, when placing each case on four adjacent plates, centered on the point of meeting them.

The nerves of the plaques can run according to  two directions perpendicular to their edges.

The conformations of the cases can be  defined by intermediate partitions, which stand out regarding the free edge of the walls in a portion of height coinciding with that of the plaque nerves, said partition walls distributed so that the protruding portion of the same penetrate and fit between the nerves of the four plates on which each case is arranged.

In addition the cases are provided with holes central to allow the passage of concrete to the corners of every four concurrent plates. For this the caseton will present in the bottom a through central opening, which is limited within of the caseton by partitions that delimit the passage or cited hole, which will be coincident with the meeting point of the four plates on which supports each caseton. The partitions that limit the hollow passage they present, from the free song, recesses or recesses that will be attachable on the peripheral nerves of the four plates that concur in each meeting point.

Also the casetones have on their surface external vertical channels that run between the edges upper and lower of said surface. These channels are dimensioned and positioned so that when forming the formwork, the boxes that delimit the channels for the concreting of the nerves of the floor, have facing channels to receive rods that will support the conformations or nerves of the plates lower. On these rods will support the rounds of the nerve armor, which will act as separators of said round, with respect to the lower plates.

The described system allows the manufacture of a  forged with a sanwinch roof typology. The use of the lower plate and the lightening piece allows the nerves and compression layer in addition to performing its structural function, join the lower layer of the floor and the upper one (layer of compression), and as in a sanwinch, the nerves and the pieces lightening act as separators of both coatings the upper and lower. And likewise, the fact that the bottom lining is achieved with the plate that is part of the forged of the invention, constitutes the fundamental innovation in front of any other type of floor slab known. Turn the plate cited constitutes an important innovation because the possibility of using different mortar compositions to from which these plates are obtained, allows incorporating lightened floors an element that meets other needs Architectural insulation and security.

The existence of a bottom lining resistant allows to have a support for other needs constructive that require a surface with adequate consistency both to support elements to be incorporated, and to constitute a finishing surface when no other is required decorative finish

The features and advantages of the formwork of The invention, as well as the assembly method thereof, are set forth. then in greater detail, with the help of the attached drawings, in which an example of non-limiting embodiment is shown.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a top perspective of the plate that becomes part of the formwork of the invention.

Figure 2 is a bottom perspective of the lightening piece that becomes part of the formwork of the invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective of a floor unidirectional, formed from the plate of figure 1 and part lightening of figure 2.

Figure 4 is a perspective similar to the Figure 2, showing an execution variant.

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 3, of a reticular floor, formed with the plate of figure 1 and the lightening piece of figure 4.

Figure 6 is a section of a floor obtained with the formwork of figure 3, according to the cutting line VI-VI of said figure.

Figure 7 is a section similar to Figure 6, obtained according to line VII-VII of the figure 3.

In figures 1 and 2 the two are represented pieces that form part of the formwork of the invention.

The piece represented in figure 1 consists of  a square contour plate 1, which presents on the surface upper nerves or projections 2 and 3, the first of which delimit contours from the corners of the plates while that the nerves 3 run between the contours formed between the nerves 2, as an extension of these.

In figure 2 it is represented in perspective bottom one of the lightening pieces 4 that become part of the formwork of the invention and that are conceived as casetones holes of straight prismatic configuration, whose lower base goes open These cases have interior partitions reinforcement intermediates, which in the example represented in the drawing include main partitions referenced with the number 5, that delimit with the walls 6 contours coinciding with those of the nerves 2 of the plates 1, and secondary partitions 7 that They run between the main partitions 5 and the walls 6.

The walls 6 have longitudinal recesses 8, longitudinal recesses of arched profile 9 and recesses transverse 10 also arched profile. For their part, the main and secondary partitions 7 have recesses rectangular 11.

Nerves 2 and 3 of plates 1 and recesses 8 and recesses 9, 10 and 11, delimit conformations complementary that allow the coupling of the cases 4, in inverted position, on plates 1, as shown in Figure 3, for the formation of a unidirectional floor.

For this, the plates 1 will be arranged on planks and sops to define a platform whose surface corresponds to that of the slab to obtain. With the provision of these plates has been placed what will be the bottom lining of the wrought. The different plates are butted with each other, without no crimp system or union between them, but without leaving space or separation between them.

Once the plates 1 are placed, proceed to the  placement of the boxes 4 on them, positioning them of so that each box embraces four plates.

Figure 3 with reference 12 indicates a scratched area or surface on which the cassette will be attached 4'. The longitudinal recess 8 of two of the opposite walls 6, as well as the cross channels 13 delimited between main partitions 5, will be coupled on ribs 2 aligned with plates consecutive. Longitudinal recesses 9 and transverse 10 will be coupled on the ribs 3 of the plates corresponding and the central cage 14 defined in each case by crossing the perpendicular channels 13, it will be coupled over the encounter of peripheral nerves 2 of the four plates that concur in the same point, specifically over the area referenced with the number 15 in figure 3.

In coincidence with the cajeado 14, the bottom of the cases have an opening 16, figures 3 and 5, limited internally by partitions, 16 ', figure 6, which reach the cajeado 14 and delimit a passage or hole through which it will penetrate concrete, during the concrete slab operation, which they will reach the corners of the four plates that concur in each zone 15, figure 3.

With the arrangement shown in Figure 3, they obtain unidirectional slabs, delimiting the pieces lightening 4 parallel channels 17 intended to receive reinforcements to form the slab nerves once concreting it, leaving in this operation the plates 1 solidly bonded to the floor, covering the bottom surface of the same.

The lightening pieces 4 can have outwardly in its walls of channels 20, figure 3, which run between the upper and lower edges, to arrange rods 21, Figure 7, which will rest on nerves 2 of plates 1, and will serve as separators on which the rods of the nerve armor preventing such round ones from reaching rest on the surface of the plates 1.

A variant of execution of the caseton, which is referred to with the number 4 '. This caseton, of general configuration equal to that of figure 2, presents as a difference the fact that the partitions 5'and 7 'stand out slightly with respect to the free edge of the walls 6, but delimiting such partitions channels 13 'and central recess 14', coinciding with channels 13 and recess 14 of the cassette of the Figure 2. The 5 'partitions protrude, with respect to the edge of the walls 6, at a height equal to that of the ribs 2 of the plates 1. In addition the 5 'partitions are located so that when placing the 4 'caseton in coincidence with the four concurrence zone plates, as shown in figure 5, the portion protruding from the partitions 5 penetrate the contours delimited by nerves 2 of plates 1 located immediately below. This provision allows all 4 'cases are separated by the same distance from the adjacent boxes in all directions, delimiting each other channels 18 and 19 in two perpendicular directions, which will allow to obtain a reticular floor, with the corresponding armors For the rest, the 4 'cases are coincident with the boxes 4 of figure 2.

In this embodiment, channels 20 are practiced in coincidence with the vertical edges of the casetones, so that rods 21 will cross channels 18 and 19 in diagonal.

Both in the embodiment of Figure 3 and in the embodiment of figure 5, the cassettes and plates present for their surfaces faced complementary conformations that ensure the coupling and tongue and groove thereof, so that it is possible to immobilize the plates and cases, when fitting some and others with each other.

On any of the provisions of the Figures 3 or 5, the ferrals necessary for assembly will be installed of the concrete and when pouring the concrete the I channels 17 will be flooded, 18 and 19 that will make up nerves 22, figures 6 and 7, and about these and the upper face of the casetones compression layer. He concrete in the nerves will set on the mortar plates 1, ensuring their incorporation into the floor, by adhesion of these to the concrete poured on the face that constitutes the bottom of the nerve, as well as the vertical faces arranged in its tongue and groove, and also for the setting of the concrete 24 to through the central holes 16 of the cassettes, which enable the adhesion of the plates to the concrete of the slab in its four corners

With the constitution described you get a lost formwork with the built-in lining and, once suppressed the sopandas that initially support plates 1, you will get a bottom surface of the floor completely continuous and uniform, being all defined by plates 1, on the that the corresponding decorative finish can be applied.

As can be understood, the conformations of plates 1 and cassettes 4-4 'may differ from represented in the drawings, provided they meet the condition of coupling of cases on plates 1 to get forged unidirectional or reticular.

As already noted, plates 1 can be prefabricated with mortar, with any type of attachments or materials, to obtain acoustic, thermal barriers, fire resistant, etc.

Claims (6)

1. Formwork for the construction of reinforced concrete slabs, comprising a supported lower platform and lightening pieces arranged on said platform, which delimit channels in one or two perpendicular directions for the concreting of unidirectional or reticular nerves, characterized in that the lower platform It is composed of prefabricated mortar plates, preferably square contour that determine the surface view or lining of the slab and because the lightening parts are composed of a lightweight material and are configured as hollow cases, in a straight prismatic way, open by the lower base and equipped with intermediate reinforcement partitions; each cassette being arranged covering the meeting point of each four adjacent plates and the boxes and plates being provided on their opposite surfaces with complementary and attachable conformations in the aforementioned relative position. 2. Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the said conformations of the plates consist of ribs or projections protruding from the surface of said plates. 3. Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned conformations of the cassettes consist of recesses or recesses that present the walls and partitions from their free edge, which are configured, sized and positioned to engage on the ribs or projections of the plates, by placing each case on four adjacent plates, in a centered position on the meeting point of said four plates. 4. Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the casetones have at the bottom a through central opening, which is limited within a through central opening, which is limited within the case by partitions that delimit a passage coinciding with the point of meeting of the four plates on which said cassette rests, presenting the partitions that delimit said passage, from the free edge, recesses or attachable recesses on the peripheral nerves of said four plates that concur in each meeting point thereof. 5. Formwork according to claim 2, characterized in that said ribs run in two directions perpendicular to the edges. 6. Formwork according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the aforementioned conformations of the cassettes are defined by the intermediate partitions, which protrude with respect to the free edge of the walls in a portion of height coinciding with that of the ribs of the plates and being distributed so that the protruding portion thereof penetrates and engages between the ribs of the four plates on which each cassette is arranged.