ES2268909A1 - Manual or semiautomatic sorting of inorganic urban wastes according to classes, involves depositing wastes into armored transporter using turbine, after which wastes and manually gathered and deposited into partitioned underground dumps - Google Patents

Manual or semiautomatic sorting of inorganic urban wastes according to classes, involves depositing wastes into armored transporter using turbine, after which wastes and manually gathered and deposited into partitioned underground dumps Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2268909A1
ES2268909A1 ES9802217A ES9802217A ES2268909A1 ES 2268909 A1 ES2268909 A1 ES 2268909A1 ES 9802217 A ES9802217 A ES 9802217A ES 9802217 A ES9802217 A ES 9802217A ES 2268909 A1 ES2268909 A1 ES 2268909A1
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Prior art keywords
wastes
inorganic
pits
urban waste
selective
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ES2268909B1 (en
Inventor
Manuel Valenzuela Turpin
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Sana S L
SANA SL
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Sana S L
SANA SL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/06General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Inorganic urban wastes are deposited into an armored transporter by a turbine. The wastes in the transporter are continuously and manually gathered and then deposited into underground dumps partitioned by tapes. The wastes are crushed, compacted, and/or deposited in collectors for further recycling.

Description

Planta selectiva de residuos urbanos inorgánicos.Selective urban waste plant inorganic

El objeto de la patente, según el invento, concierne a la realización de una planta selectiva de residuos urbanos sólidos inorgánicos asociada con un sistema de recogida de basuras consistente en la separación, dos bolsas diferentes de los residuos orgánicos e inorgánicos según la metodología experimentada en un programa del que es autor el propio inventor y es objeto de protección en materia de Propiedad Intelectual.The object of the patent, according to the invention, concerns the realization of a selective waste plant solid urban inorganic associated with a collection system of garbage consisting of separation, two different bags of organic and inorganic waste according to the methodology experienced in a program of which the inventor himself is the author and is the object of Intellectual Property protection.

Estamos, por tanto, facilitando el desarrollo de una planta piloto creada en función de esta especial selección de basuras en la que el factor fundamental reside en separar "in situ" las basuras orgánicas e inorgánicas que se recogerán por separado y se transportarán, así mismo, por separado, particularidad que aconseja situar o instalar la planta junto a otra de "compost" para el tratamiento de las basuras orgánicas.We are, therefore, facilitating the development of a pilot plant created based on this special selection of garbage in which the fundamental factor lies in separating " in situ " organic and inorganic wastes that will be collected separately and transported, likewise , separately, particularity that advises placing or installing the plant next to another of "compost" for the treatment of organic waste.

La planta objeto del invento esta preparada para la selección combinada y generalizada de todos los materiales inorgánicos tales como papel, cartón, plástico de diferentes tipos, vidrio, envases, botes, pilas, tejidos y metales en general y se recomienda localizarla en un vertedero donde ya exista una planta de preparación de "compost" a partir de los residuos orgánicos.The plant object of the invention is prepared for the combined and generalized selection of all materials inorganic such as paper, cardboard, plastic of different types, glass, containers, boats, batteries, tissues and metals in general and recommends locating it in a landfill where there is already a plant Preparation of "compost" from waste organic

Estado de la técnicaState of the art

Según es sabido los sistemas de procesos para selección de basuras requiere una preclasificación muy severa para el reciclado y aprovechamiento en general.As is known the process systems for garbage selection requires a very severe pre-classification for recycling and use in general.

Los métodos de preclasificación se extiende a requerir instalaciones urbanas de contenedores de diversas características, formato, tamaño y colores para que el ciudadano deposite, en cada uno de ellos, los diversos materiales para los que están destinados.The preclassification methods extend to require urban container facilities of various features, format, size and colors for the citizen deposit, in each of them, the various materials for They are destined.

La inversión económica que representa esta diversidad de depósitos, el espacio urbano que se necesita para la ubicación, los inconvenientes que representa para evitar obstáculos en la calzada o en las aceras y sobre todo el esfuerzo y colaboración que se requiere de los ciudadanos hace que los resultados no sean, en modo alguno favorables.The economic investment that represents this diversity of deposits, the urban space that is needed for the location, the inconvenience it represents to avoid obstacles on the road or on the sidewalks and especially the effort and required collaboration of citizens makes the results are by no means favorable.

La normalización por la que se exige que la selección se haga en las propias viviendas, hace verdaderamente agobiante la dotación de diversos recipientes, disponer del espacio y lugar apropiado dentro de ésta para la ubicación de éstos y la disponibilidad en la comunidad de espacio y contenedores para depositarlos hasta que se produzca la recogida municipal que, lógicamente, se hará en la forma y periodos de tiempo que permitan hacerlo eficaz y económicamente.The standardization by which the selection is made in the homes themselves, it truly does overwhelming the provision of various containers, have space and appropriate place within it for their location and the availability in the community of space and containers for deposit them until the municipal collection takes place that, logically, it will be done in the form and time periods that allow Do it effectively and economically.

De ello se desprende que las plantas transformadoras de la selección preliminar, son plantas especializadas las que se destinan al tratamiento de plásticos, no tienen capacidad transformadora para los vidrios, papel-cartón u otros materiales: no son, más que plantas univalente, de reaprovechamiento o reciclado.It follows that the plants Preliminary selection transformers, are plants specialized those that are intended for the treatment of plastics, not they have transforming capacity for glasses, paper-cardboard or other materials: they are not more than univalent, reused or recycled plants.

Actividad inventivaInventive activity

La planta, según el invento, está preparada para la clasificación semiautomática de toda clase de materias residuales inorgánicas sólidos de modo que los materiales, según su específica naturaleza, salen separados, compactados y empacados para transportarse a las factorías de reciclado o reaprovechamiento o tratamiento selectivo.The plant, according to the invention, is prepared for semi-automatic classification of all kinds of subjects solid inorganic residuals so that the materials, according to their specific nature, they are separated, compacted and packed to be transported to recycling or reuse factories or selective treatment.

Evidentemente, está particular selección, según el invento, implica ventajas sustanciales en los sistemas de recogida de basuras, tanto para el municipio como para el ciudadano que tiene que limitarse a considerar solamente dos aspectos de selección: las materias orgánicas y las materias inorgánicas.Obviously, this particular selection, according to the invention implies substantial advantages in the systems of garbage collection, both for the municipality and for the citizen which has to limit itself to considering only two aspects of Selection: organic and inorganic materials.

Los municipios pueden eliminar el contenedor urbano y solamente tendría que disponer de un servicio de recogidas programado de basuras, uno permanente para las basuras orgánicas y otro periódico para las inorgánicas.Municipalities can dispose of the container urban and would only have to have a collection service scheduled waste, a permanent one for organic waste and Another newspaper for the inorganic.

La planta objeto del invento ofrece un sistema de selección, que con un número limitado de operarios; una estructura de módulos selectivos y una maquinaria apropiada, hace una clasificación de los materiales inorgánicos absolutamente independizada.The plant object of the invention offers a system of selection, than with a limited number of operators; a structure of selective modules and appropriate machinery, makes a classification of inorganic materials absolutely independent.

Planta desarrollada dentro una nave con unas medidas mínimas puesto que, clasificada la materia es compactada y empacada, pudiéndose evacuar rápidamente a un solar o parcela adyacente o a muelles de carga para los últimos traslados a las factorías de tratamiento.Plant developed inside a ship with some minimum measures since, classified the matter is compacted and packed, being able to quickly evacuate to a plot or plot adjacent or to loading docks for the last transfers to the treatment factories

Descripción del inventoDescription of the invention

La planta, según el invento, cumple con un proceso industrial que comprende la recepción de las bolsas de residuos; introducción de las bolsas en un alimentador de cinta transportadora blindada; selección de vidrios, tejidos, pilas y metales en general en contenedores, selección y empacado de papel, cartón, plásticos de diferentes tipos, envases y botes de aluminio y de hojalata; aparcado, almacenamiento y posterior carga en vehículos para su traslado.The plant, according to the invention, complies with a industrial process that includes receiving the bags of waste; introduction of the bags in a tape feeder armored conveyor; selection of glasses, fabrics, batteries and metals in general in containers, selection and packaging of paper, cardboard, plastics of different types, containers and aluminum cans and tinplate; parked, storage and subsequent loading in vehicles for transfer.

Una planta, según el invento, equipada con los medios de depuración y saneamiento necesarios para que la selección y almacenamiento no genere contaminación.A plant, according to the invention, equipped with means of purification and sanitation necessary for the selection  and storage does not generate pollution.

Otro detalle del invento es que dicha planta dispone de un alimentador mecánico de bolsas; una cinta transportadora blindada; diez empacadoras, dos electroimanes con cinta transportadora; cinco contenedores metálicos; dos aparatos de aire acondicionado con bomba de calor; un calentador de agua; una pala cargadora del alimentador y una máquina cargadora de fardos.Another detail of the invention is that said plant It has a mechanical bag feeder; a ribbon armored conveyor; ten balers, two electromagnets with conveyer belt; five metal containers; two devices of air conditioning with heat pump; a water heater; a loader feeder and a loader machine bales

Otro detalle del invento es que las instalaciones necesarias en el interior de la nave serán un túnel de selección elevada sobre el nivel del suelo, para debajo formar la batería de fosas separadoras de los residuos seleccionados y otras instalaciones accesorias, todas dotadas de las instalaciones de suministros necesarios.Another detail of the invention is that necessary facilities inside the ship will be a tunnel of  elevated selection above ground level, to below form the battery of separating pits of the selected waste and other accessory facilities, all equipped with the facilities of necessary supplies.

Una idea más amplia de las características esenciales del invento la realizaremos a continuación al hacer referencia a las láminas de dibujos que a esta memoria se acompañan, en la que de manera un tanto esquemática y tan solo por vía de ejemplo, se representan los detalles preferidos del invento.A broader idea of the features essentials of the invention will be carried out below when doing reference to the sheets of drawings here accompany, in which in a somewhat schematic way and only by by way of example, the preferred details of the invention.

En los Dibujos:In the Drawings:

La figura 1, es una vista de conjunto de la planta del túnel de selección.Figure 1 is an overall view of the Selection tunnel floor.

La figura 2, es una vista en planta de la estructura inferior del túnel de selección.Figure 2 is a plan view of the lower structure of the selection tunnel.

La figura 3 es una vista vertical transversalmente seccionada por la nave de recepción de materiales.Figure 3 is a vertical view transversely sectioned by the receiving ship of materials.

La figura 4 es una vista vertical transversalmente seccionada por la nave de selección de materiales.Figure 4 is a vertical view transversely sectioned by the selection ship of materials.

La figura 5 es una vista en sección longitudinal de la figura 3 en una vista en sección longitudinal de túnel de selección.Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view. of figure 3 in a longitudinal section view of tunnel of selection.

Descripción de los dibujosDescription of the drawings

Según podemos comprobar de forma general en la figura 1, el túnel de selección objeto del invento visto en planta, muestra la zona de descarga (1) del material a seleccionar objeto del invento, situado en un extremo de la nave (25) donde una cargadora para el alimentador accede por la rampa (2) para descargar en el alimentador (3); un alimentador mecánico en forma de túnel donde se disgrega la materia inorgánica que cae en la transportadora blindada (12) que tiene un ritmo o velocidad preprogramada, siendo seleccionada y clasificada manualmente por ambos lados de la transportadora (12) por operarios situados en los pasillos laterales (22-22a) del túnel de selección depositando los residuos según su naturaleza en las fosas dispuestas a ambos lados de la transportadora (12), alineadas y emparejadas según la disposición siguiente: para depósito de papel (14) y bolsas de plástico (17); depósito de cartón (15) y depósito de plástico duro (5); depósito de material textil (16) depósito de polietilen-
terftalato (PET) (6); depósito para envases de tetrabrik (4) depósito para botellas de plástico (7); depósito para vidrio de color (19) y para vidrio transparente (9); depósito para restos reciclables (madera) (20) y tolva para metales en general (10) y para pilas (11); terminando en un depósito para botes de aluminio y otro para envases de hojalata (18) y finalmente el depósito (13) para los residuos de rechazo o no clasificables e incluso para reclasificación.
As we can see in general in Figure 1, the selection tunnel object of the invention seen in plan, shows the discharge zone (1) of the material to be selected object of the invention, located at one end of the ship (25) where a loader for the feeder access through the ramp (2) to unload in the feeder (3); a tunnel-shaped mechanical feeder where the inorganic matter that falls into the armored conveyor (12) that has a preprogrammed rate or speed is broken down, being manually selected and sorted on both sides of the conveyor (12) by operators located in the aisles sides (22-22a) of the selection tunnel depositing the waste according to its nature in the pits arranged on both sides of the conveyor (12), aligned and matched according to the following arrangement: for paper deposit (14) and plastic bags ( 17); cardboard tank (15) and hard plastic tank (5); textile tank (16) polyethylene tank
terphthalate (PET) (6); tetrabrik container tank (4) plastic bottle container (7); tank for colored glass (19) and transparent glass (9); tank for recyclable remains (wood) (20) and hopper for metals in general (10) and for batteries (11); ending in a tank for aluminum cans and another for tin containers (18) and finally the tank (13) for rejection or unclassifiable waste and even for reclassification.

Las fosas correspondientes a los clasificadores de papel (14) bolsas de plástico (17); cartón (15), plástico duro (5); tejidos (16) PET (6); tetrabrik (4); botellas de plástico (7), están equipados con una trituradora; compactadora y empacadora formando volúmenes que son fácilmente almacenables y transportables.The graves corresponding to the classifiers paper (14) plastic bags (17); cardboard (15), hard plastic (5); tissues (16) PET (6); tetrabrik (4); plastic bottles (7), they are equipped with a crusher; compactor and baler forming volumes that are easily storable and transportable

Las fosas para vidrio en color (19) y vidrio transparente (9) son contenedores que cuando están llenos son retirados reponiendo uno vacío.The pits for colored glass (19) and glass transparent (9) are containers that when full are removed replacing an empty one.

Las fosas para restos reciclables (madera) (20); metales en general (10) y pilas (11) son tolvas colectoras que son vaciadas periódicamente.The pits for recyclable remains (wood) (20);  metals in general (10) and batteries (11) are collecting hoppers that are emptied periodically.

Las fosas para botes de aluminio (18) y envases de hojalata (8) están provistos de un electroimán para retirarlos, transportarlos y compactarlos para empacado de tales materiales.The pits for aluminum boats (18) and containers Tinplate (8) are provided with an electromagnet to remove them, transport and compact them for packing such materials.

El túnel de selección está equipado asimismo con una instalación aérea de climatización (21-21a)y balaustres de protección (23-23a) para los operarios.The selection tunnel is also equipped with an air conditioning installation (21-21a) and protective balusters (23-23a) for operators.

Es fácil comprender que los materiales disgregados en el alimentador (3) de la cinta (12) pasen a lo largo del túnel de alimentación. Los operarios apostados en cada rama clasificadora tienen un cometido concreto que está en función con el depósito asignado. Cada uno irá separando el material que le corresponda, echándolo en el depósito. Según sea el residuo, será triturado, compactado y empacado o caerá en el colector o en la tolva de recogida. Finalmente quedarán solo los envases de aluminio y los de hojalata. Los electroimanes, especialmente preparados para cada metal, los recogerán echándolos en respectiva transportadora, a la compactadora y empacadora.It is easy to understand that the materials broken into the feeder (3) of the belt (12) pass along of the feed tunnel. Operators stationed in each branch classifier have a specific role that is in function with The assigned deposit. Each one will separate the material that appropriate, throwing it in the tank. Depending on the residue, it will be crushed, compacted and packed or will fall into the collector or in the collection hopper. Finally, only the aluminum containers will remain and the tin ones. Electromagnets, specially prepared for each metal will pick them up by throwing them in their respective conveyor, to The compactor and baler.

Finalmente los materiales no clasificados caen al contenedor (13) o depósito de rechazo o para reclasificado si fuera necesario.Finally unclassified materials fall to the container (13) or rejection deposit or for reclassified if It was necessary.

Una vez descrita convenientemente la naturaleza del modelo, se hace constar a los efectos oportunos, que el mismo no queda limitado a los detalles exactos de esta exposición, sino que por contrario, en él se introducirán las modificaciones que se consideren oportunas, siempre que no se alteren las características esenciales del mismo, que se reivindican a
continuación.
Once the nature of the model has been adequately described, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that it is not limited to the exact details of this exhibition, but on the contrary, it will introduce the modifications deemed appropriate, provided that the essential characteristics thereof are altered, which are claimed by
continuation.

Claims (7)

1. Planta selectiva de residuos urbanos inorgánicos, para clasificado manual y semiautomático continuo y sucesivo de papel, cartón, plástico de diferentes tipos, envases de aluminio y hojalata, vidrios, tejidos, pilas y metales en general que se caracteriza porque consta de un túnel de selección que consta de un alimentador (3) de la cinta; una cinta transportadora blindada (12) dispuesta entre dos baterías de fosas o depósitos subterráneos que tienen una embocadura superior e interiormente medios de triturado, compactado y empacado en unos casos; y en otros colectores o tolvas de almacenado y, en su caso, de electroimanes completados con respectiva transportadora.1. Selective plant for inorganic urban waste, for manual and semi-automatic continuous and successive sorting of paper, cardboard, plastic of different types, aluminum and tin containers, glass, fabrics, batteries and metals in general that is characterized by a tunnel selection consisting of a feeder (3) of the tape; an armored conveyor belt (12) disposed between two batteries of pits or underground tanks that have an upper mouth and internally crushing means, compacted and packed in some cases; and in other collectors or storage hoppers and, where appropriate, of electromagnets completed with respective conveyor. 2. Planta selectiva de residuos urbanos inorgánicos, según la reivindicación 1, consta de un alimentador (3) que se caracteriza por ser un alimentador turbina para disgregar o separar los residuos vertiéndolos sueltos en la transportadora.2. Selective plant for inorganic urban waste, according to claim 1, consists of a feeder (3) characterized by being a turbine feeder for disintegrating or separating the waste by pouring them loose on the conveyor. 3. Planta selectiva de residuos urbanos inorgánicos, según la reivindicación 1, una batería de fosas que se caracteriza porque van dispuestas según alineamiento longitudinal, emparejadas de dos en dos; encabezados por las de papel (14) y bolsas de plásticos (17); de cartón (15) y plásticos en general (5); de material textil (16) y PET (6); de tetrabriks (4) y botellas de plástico (7); de vidrio de color (19) y vidrio transparente (9); para restos reciclables (20) y opuestas para metales en general (10) y pilas (11); para botes de aluminio (18) y envases de hojalata (8) vertiendo finalmente en un contenedor (13) para rechazo o para reclasificado.3. Selective plant of inorganic urban waste, according to claim 1, a battery of pits characterized in that they are arranged according to longitudinal alignment, paired two by two; headed by paper (14) and plastic bags (17); cardboard (15) and plastics in general (5); of textile material (16) and PET (6); of tetrabriks (4) and plastic bottles (7); colored glass (19) and transparent glass (9); for recyclable remains (20) and opposite for metals in general (10) and batteries (11); for aluminum cans (18) and tin containers (8) finally pouring into a container (13) for rejection or reclassification. 4. Planta selectiva de residuos urbanos inorgánicos, según las reivindicaciones 1 y 3 las fosas se caracterizan porque van equipadas de contenedores para vidrio de color (19) y vidrio transparente (9).4. Selective plant for inorganic urban waste, according to claims 1 and 3, the pits are characterized in that they are equipped with containers for colored glass (19) and transparent glass (9). 5. Planta selectiva de residuos urbanos inorgánicos, según las reivindicaciones 1 y 3 las fosas de caracterizan porque van equipadas con tolvas colectoras para materias reciclables (20); metales diversos (10) y pilas (11).5. Selective plant for inorganic urban waste, according to claims 1 and 3, the pits are characterized in that they are equipped with collecting hoppers for recyclable materials (20); various metals (10) and batteries (11). 6. Planta selectiva de residuos urbanos inorgánicos, según las reivindicaciones 1 y 3 las fosas se caracterizan porque van provistas de electroimanes, con transportadora de descarga, trituradora compactadora y empacadora para los envases de aluminio (18) y de hojalata (8) situados en el extremo terminal de la cinta (12) transportadora.6. Selective plant for inorganic urban waste, according to claims 1 and 3, the pits are characterized in that they are provided with electromagnets, with discharge conveyor, compactor and packing crusher for aluminum (18) and tin (8) containers located in the terminal end of the conveyor belt (12). 7. Planta selectiva de residuos urbanos inorgánicos, según la 1ª y sucesivas reivindicaciones la instalación selectiva se caracteriza porque se extiende sobre una plataforma flanqueada por dos pasillos longitudinales (22-22a) protegidos lateralmente (23-23a) para localización de los operarios, sobreprotegidos por una batería (21) de aire acondicionado y
aspiración.
7. Selective plant for inorganic urban waste, according to the 1st and subsequent claims, the selective installation is characterized in that it extends over a platform flanked by two longitudinal aisles (22-22a) laterally protected (23-23a) to locate the operators, overprotected for a battery (21) of air conditioning and
aspiration.
ES9802217A 1998-10-22 1998-10-22 SELECTIVE PLANT OF INORGANIC URBAN WASTE. Expired - Fee Related ES2268909B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES9802217A ES2268909B1 (en) 1998-10-22 1998-10-22 SELECTIVE PLANT OF INORGANIC URBAN WASTE.

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES9802217A ES2268909B1 (en) 1998-10-22 1998-10-22 SELECTIVE PLANT OF INORGANIC URBAN WASTE.

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ES2268909B1 ES2268909B1 (en) 2007-12-01

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ES8406235A1 (en) * 1983-01-10 1984-08-01 Enrique Carbonell Serra Process for the treatment of municipal refuse and plant for its execution
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EP0443314A2 (en) * 1990-02-20 1991-08-28 Werner Doppstadt Waste sorting installation
US5184780A (en) * 1988-07-18 1993-02-09 First Dominion Holdings, Inc. Solid waste disposal
US5205417A (en) * 1991-12-09 1993-04-27 Herren John T Sanitary trash recycling apparatus
US5263591A (en) * 1991-12-12 1993-11-23 Taormina Industries, Inc. Refuse recycling system
US5411147A (en) * 1993-01-28 1995-05-02 Bond; David S. Dynamic landfill recycling system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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