JPH05285951A - Method and device for recovering recyclable waste material formed with recyclable plastic material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a method and a device for classifying and treating waste, particularly waste materials of municipalities very economically, practically and quickly. CONSTITUTION: Waste materials, particularly plastic materials of waste containers are crushed on the way to a next waste fractionating damping station, during transportation of waste containers to storage places, or during direct transportation of recovered plastic materials to final recycling users. This device comprises a vehicle 1, one or more apparatuses 3 attached to the vehicle to load waste containers and the like made of recyclable plastic materials removed from waste fractionating damping stations, and one or more crushers 6 attached to the vehicle to send out the crushed plastic materials to one or more intermediate storing boxes.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a method and apparatus for recovering reusable waste material, particularly waste containers, formed of reusable plastic materials.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Previously known methods of recovering and disposing of any waste material still involve treating it at a landfill, or roughly compressing and transporting solid waste together for treatment in an incinerator. Although intended, apart from this, various waste recovery methods have been or are being adopted that are provided with a method for selecting and recovering reusable waste materials.

Particularly within this range is a waste container, typically of reusable plastic material. Among the large amount of waste, the amount has increased remarkably recently, and the volume of the waste is extremely increased although the weight relative to the amount is slightly increased.
New technical subjects for the separate collection and recovery of waste are basically due to the fact that they are not biodegradable and can be reused, as well as having the effect of affecting the total amount of waste globally. It is said that.

E. E. C. According to the waste classification method scheduled to be implemented in the near future, according to the regulations of the above, the containers, etc. are sold at the places where the products packaged in the containers of plastic materials are sold, such as hypermarkets, supermarkets, and trade centers. By providing a device for collecting and crushing plastic material in a waste container,
It acts as a collection point for waste containers of reusable plastic material, and also allows customers to pay some security deposit when they buy the product packaged in that container, making it an empty plastic material It encourages you to return the container.

[0005]

The above-proposed method ideally solves the problem of sorting discarded and reusable plastic material items, especially containers, etc., from other waste materials. , With many drawbacks. Due to the complex and rather high cost of the equipment for crushing waste plastic material, the above equipment may only be installed in large trade centers. Thus, in public and private places for collecting classified wastes, the waste materials are not reused and the discarded plastics material items are not adequately compressed and collected together without separation. Will be done. On the other hand, a trade center equipped with the above-mentioned device for crushing plastic material of waste items may seem easy to the unskilled person at first glance and seems to be no problem, but so many such Since the equipment has to be handled, there is always the possibility that a high proportion of unused grinding equipment will come out.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to dispose of waste, especially municipal waste materials, so that waste disposal operations are improved and streamlined, and the cost of recycled materials is reduced. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide a method and device of the type disclosed above for a very economical, practical and rapid classification process.

The gist of the present invention is the reusable waste material formed by a reusable plastic material, in particular:
It is a method for collecting waste containers. According to this method, the waste containers and the like formed of reusable plastic materials are removed from each of a plurality of continuous waste disposal stations in the area of the municipality, transported, and transported. Material should be collected on its way to the next classified waste disposal station, and while the waste containers are being transported to storage, or where these containers are to the end user of the recovered reusable plastic material. Crushed during direct shipment.

Containers and the like formed of various reusable plastic materials may be randomly discarded and removed. According to another feature, waste containers, etc., made of various reusable plastic materials, are made of plastics in which they are formed only when they are disposed of or transported from the station where they are removed. Grinding of the reusable plastic material in the waste container, sorted by material, is carried out separately for each plastic material.

According to a further improvement, the plastic material crushed into a finely crushed or coarsely crushed state is packaged in a sealed package such as a sealed bag during transportation or transportation. According to another feature, while the waste container is being transported or transported, the crushed waste container plastic material is
Depending on the type of plastic material from which these containers are formed, it is also possible to provide means for temporary storage together or separate sorting.

The present invention is an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the present invention, comprising one or more waste containers or the like for loading recyclable plastic material recovered from a waste sorting station. The device and the waste container plastic material supplied from the waste container loading device are crushed, and then the crushed plastic material in the waste container is crushed to 1
And one or more devices for transferring to one or more intermediate storage boxes.

The vehicle may be provided with only one plastic material crusher of a waste container in which containers of various reusable plastic materials are supplied unsorted together, or arranged in parallel with each other. Multiple crushers for plastic materials, each with only one
Equipped with a device for supplying a waste container of reusable plastic material of each kind and transferring each kind of crushed plastic material into its associated box for intermediate storage It can also be
According to a refinement, the vehicle has one packaging device, such as an automatic bag filling system, with one or more bag filling outlets for storing each type of crushed plastic material in its respective sealed bag. Alternatively, a plurality of groups may be provided in parallel.

[0012]

According to the present invention, the place for classifying and collecting waste items of reusable plastic materials can be spread over the whole area of the municipality, so that it can be used in large facilities such as supermarkets and hypermarkets. In addition, the concentration of these places is prevented, and the task is always delegated to a person who is sufficiently skilled in both practical and operational terms to ensure efficient work.

[0013]

EXAMPLES Some of the embodiments of the apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention are disclosed by the examples described below, which do not limit the invention in any way. Medium-duty truck 1 with medium weight carrying capacity
Has a transport surface 2. At the rear end of the transport surface 2 is provided a device 3 for loading a waste container or the like made of a reusable plastic material on the truck 1. This device 3 is a box 1 in which these containers are discarded.
It consists of a means for gripping and emptying two. The waste container loading device 3 includes a box gripping arm 4 that projects from the rear end side of the transport surface 2 of the truck 1 and that can swing about a horizontal axis that is arranged in parallel to the rear end side of the transport surface 2. ing. The swingable box gripping arm 4 is an openable / closable gripping member 1 for locking a stud 112 protruding from the container waste box 12.
04 at its free end. The container waste box 12
A continuous device 6 for crushing a reusable plastic material which is turned over and emptied in a hopper 5 provided above it, as shown in FIG. Then, a waste container or the like is supplied. The outlet 7 of the plastics material crushing device 6 opens into a means 8 for conveying the crushed plastics material into a storage box 9 with an openable delivery conduit 10. The means 8 for conveying the crushed plastic material may be of any suitable type. According to the example shown in FIG. 1, these means consist of a pump, the intake of which is
The outlet of the pump, which is connected to the outlet 7 of the plastic material crushing device 6, is connected via an upright delivery pipe 208.
It is connected to the upper end of the storage box 9. The storage box 9 may have an inspection aperture 11 which is closed by a transparent material in order to inspect the height at which the storage box is filled.

The waste container loading device 3, the plastics material crushing device 6 and the crushed plastics material conveying means 8 are generated by the engine of the truck 1 via respective suitable power transmission means, or as shown in FIG. It is operated by its own drive means, such as electric motors M1, M2, which can be fed from the device G (FIG. 2).

According to a further improved apparatus for treating reusable plastic materials such as waste containers, the processing of said plastic materials is done separately for various plastic materials such as PVC, PET, CC. As a result, homogeneous collection of various plastic materials is achieved with a high recovery rate. In this case, the container waste bin 12, as shown in FIG. 2, is arranged in parallel with one another and is arranged in series with three separate plastics material crushing devices indicated by the reference numerals 6 ′, 6 ″ and 6 ″ ″ respectively. 21 provided in the
2 ', 212 ", 212"'. Each plastic material crushing device 6 ', 6 ", 6"' is provided with its own waste container feed hopper and is provided with a separate crushed plastic material transporter connected to the drive unit M2 ', M2 ", M2"' respectively. Via means 8 ', 8 ", 8"', a separate storage box 9 ', for the ground plastics material,
Contact 9 ", 9"". Advantageously, the plastic material crushing devices 6 ', 6 ", 6"' are operated by a single common motor M1.

According to a variant not shown, a suitable device for packaging the ground plastic material, such as a device for bagging the ground plastic material, is provided with storage boxes 9 ', 9 ", 9"'. Can be provided instead of. This device is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is represented by the dash-dotted line, bags 13, 13 ′, 13 ″, 13 ″ ″.
And is supported inside the storage boxes 9, 9 ′, 9 ″, 9 ″ ″.

Waste containers made of reusable plastic material that have been removed from the waste containers provided at several waste separation and disposal stations are those containers that are collected from one station to another. It is very crushed during operation and from there to the factories that use the plastic material, while being transported to the storage location where the crushed plastic material is delivered, or during transport to these factories. You can save money. Thus, the recovery cost of the plastic material is reduced, and the reuse of the plastic material becomes more preferable and advantageous.

According to the variant shown in FIG. 3, the waste container loading device 3 supplies a waste container made of reusable plastic material to be crushed to a hopper 5 for supplying it to the plastic material crushing device 6. It comprises means 14 for
This waste container supply means 14 consists of a common conveyor belt or, in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 2, a plurality of conveyor belts arranged next to one another and flush side by side. In this latter case, the endless belt type conveyor belt 14 comprises an upright horizontal partition 3
Motor driven rollers 1 separated from each other by 14
It is led to 14. The conveyor belt 14 is provided on its outer side with a plurality of vertically extending vanes 214 arranged in the transverse direction at equal intervals and arranged upstream of the plastic material crushing device 6. The conveyor belt has its rear end at the same level as the conveying surface 2 of the truck 1, and its front end at the plastic material crushing device 6
It is inclined so as to be flush with the upper opening of the hopper 5 for feeding the plastic material. Truck 1
The two swingable arms 4 ′ projecting from the rear end side of the transport surface 2 are operated by respective actuators 15 and are preferably provided so as to raise the container waste box 12. Thus, the container waste bin 12 is raised to or above the inlet end of the conveyor belt. In this variant, the means 8 for conveying the plastics material crushed by the device 6 to its storage box 9 are not the pump configuration as in the previous embodiment, but rather the upper wall of the storage box 9. It consists of suction means fixed to the outer surface.

According to a refinement, so-called "metal detectors"
A device 16 for detecting metal items is provided at the inlet end of each conveyor belt 14 and is shown schematically in FIG. Therefore, metal items that are inadvertently fed to the conveyor belt 14 are readily identified so that they can be removed before they reach the plastic material crushing device 6 and damage it.

According to another feature, a saw 17 such as a circular saw.
Is built in the transport surface 2 of the truck 1 and is operated by its own motor M3. The saw 17 makes it possible to cut large waste containers made of reusable plastic material with a volume of 50 liters or more, which cannot be directly crushed by the plastic material crushing device 6, into smaller pieces.

The variant shown in FIG. 4 shows another alternative to the above-mentioned method of breaking a large waste container of reusable plastic material into smaller pieces. According to this variant, another device 18 is provided at the top of each hopper for supplying the plastic material to the respective plastic material crushing device 6 and the large waste container is provided on the lower plastic side. It is pre-crushed into small pieces suitable for being processed by the material grinding device 6. These upper devices 18
The outlets of are opened directly into the respective hoppers 5.
The large waste container is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 by means of an upper device 1 for crushing into smaller pieces by means of a conveyor belt 20 via the uppermost hopper 19 in which the container is fed.
8 are supplied. These conveyor belts 20 are conveyor belts 14 associated with the lower plastic crusher.
It is spaced apart at a higher position and arranged substantially parallel to it.

As shown in FIG. 4, the lower conveyor belt 1
4 is fed with a waste plastic material container which is crushed directly from its rear end, whereas the upper conveyor belt 2
0 is combined with the hopper 21 which is closed by the rear end wall, so that the large waste plastic material container previously crushed into smaller pieces is delivered into the hopper 21 through its upper opening.

Of course, the plastic crusher can also be operated while the vehicle is running or stopped. The plastic material crusher may be operated by a suitable motor, such as an internal combustion engine, electric, hydraulic, oleodynamic, or mechanically, hydraulically, electrically, oleodynamic or pneumatically driven. It may be operated by the engine of the vehicle in motion and at rest with suitable means such as a gearbox via suitable power transmission means.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. The vehicle for transporting the waste container of reusable plastic material may be of any suitable type and may be equipped with different types of motors. This method and apparatus for recovering reusable plastic material in a waste container is mutatis mutandis to other methods and apparatus for recovering similarly reusable waste material such as glass and aluminum. It can also be applied.

[0025]

From an economic and practical point of view, the invention relates, on the one hand, to a reduction in the costs of buying the necessary machinery and, on the other hand, results from the inherent properties of the plastic material of the waste container. Bring significant benefits. In fact, according to known methods, conventionally used vehicles have about 1% -2% of their carrying capacity due to the large volume of waste containers made of reusable plastic materials and their low weight.
Only used. An articulated four-wheel truck with a volume of 30 m ³ actually has an average carrying capacity of about 10,000 1.5 liter bottles, but its total weight is only about 420 kg.

According to the novel method according to the invention, the waste plastic material container, which was previously carried out on 4-8 large trucks, due to the reusable plastic material of the waste container to be ground. The function of transporting can be performed by a small vehicle such as a van or a small truck. In a town of approximately 300,000 humans, the task of collecting reusable plastic materials from solid waste is a combined waste separation and disposal station at large and small public and private waste separation sites. For the most part, four vans or four trucks of the type according to the invention carrying containers of waste plastic material, etc., to be removed later can be used.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a truck for transporting a waste container or the like formed of a reusable plastic material.

FIG. 2 is a top view of the track according to FIG.

3 is a side view showing a modified example of the truck according to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a modified example of the truck according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 vehicle 3,14 loading device 6,6 ', 6 ", 6"' plastic material crushing device 9,9 ', 9 ", 9"' intermediate storage box 4 swing arm 7 outlet 5,19 hopper 12 container waste box 14, 20 Conveyor belt 16 Metal detector M1, M2 ', M2 ", M"' Motor G Current generator 2 Transport surface 18 Upper device

Claims (27)

[Claims] 1. A waste container formed of a reusable plastic material is collected and transported from each of a plurality of waste separation / disposal stations spread in the area of the municipality, and then to the next waste separation / disposal station. Characterized in that the plastic material in the waste container is crushed on the way, or while transporting the waste container to the storage location or while delivering the waste container to the end user of the recovered plastic material,
Made of reusable plastic material, especially
A method for recovering reusable waste substances such as waste containers. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that containers and the like made of various reusable plastic materials are discarded and removed together. 3. A waste container or the like formed of various reusable plastic materials is used as a raw material when the waste container is disposed of at the station where they are removed or just carried away from the station. The waste containers are crushed according to the type of plastic material
Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is carried out separately for each type of plastic material. 4. The crushed plastic material in a crushed state or a crushed state is packed in a sealed package such as a sealed bag during transportation. Method according to item 1. 5. The plastic material of the waste container crushed during the transportation of the waste container is temporarily stored together, or
The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the method is stored separately depending on the type of plastic material used as the raw material of the container. 6. A large waste container formed of reusable plastic material is previously cut or broken into small pieces and then crushed to be crushed into very small pieces. Claim 1-5
The method according to any one of 1. 7. One or more devices (3,1) for loading a waste container or the like formed from a reusable plastic material recovered from a waste sorting station.
4) and one or more devices (6) for crushing the plastic material of the waste container supplied from the waste container loading device (3, 14) and sending it to one or more intermediate storage boxes (9). An apparatus for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a vehicle (1) comprising 8. The vehicle (1) comprises a unique device (6) for crushing the plastic material of a waste container, together with a waste container formed of various reusable plastic materials. A plurality of plastic material crushing devices (6, 6) provided or arranged in parallel with each other.
6 ", 6"'), each provided with a waste container formed of a unique type of reusable plastic material, and a respective associated box for intermediate storage of each type of ground plastic material 8. A device for transferring to (9 ', 9 ", 9"') is provided.
Equipment by. 9. A means (3) for loading a waste container or the like formed of a reusable plastic material on a vehicle (1) for gripping and emptying the waste container bin (12). In the form of a device, which is fitted with a protruding box gripping, tipping and rocking arm (4), on which the plastic material crushing device (6, 6 ", 6"') is located. 9. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that it is provided independently or connected to a hopper (5) for supplying material to the device. 10. The container waste bin (12) is formed from juxtaposed compartments (212 ', 212 ", 212"'), which compartments are in parallel with each other for crushing plastic material (6, 6). 6 ", 6""), the size of the device being able to be matched by means of a hopper (5) for feeding them material. 11. The waste container loading device (3) is arranged in a single conveyor belt (14) or adjacent to each other and in parallel flush with each other, and each has one plastic material crushing device (6, 6). ″, 6 ″ ″) and comprising a plurality of conveyor belts (14) separated from each other by an upright longitudinal partition (314).
The apparatus according to any one of 10. 12. The conveyor belt (14) is arranged upstream of a plastic material crushing device (6, 6 ″, 6 ″ ″), and the rear end of the inlet is a conveying surface () of a vehicle (1). It is on the same plane as 2), and the front end of its exit is the hopper (5).
8. It is on the same plane as the upper opening of the.
An apparatus according to any one of clauses -11. 13. Means (4 ', 15) for raising the container waste bin (12) to or above the height of the inlet rear end of the conveyor belt (14) and said conveyor belt (14). Device according to any one of claims 7-12, characterized in that it is combined. 14. A device (1) for detecting a metallic product eye.
6) Device according to any one of claims 7-13, characterized in that each so-called "metal detector" is associated with a waste container loading device (3, 14). 15. The plastic material crushing device (6,
6 ″, 6 ″ ″) transfers the crushed waste plastic material into a single box or separate boxes (9, 9 ′, 9 ″, 9 ″ ″) for intermediate storage of crushed plastic material Single or separate means for carrying (8,8 ', 8 ",
Device according to any one of claims 7-14, characterized in that it has an outlet (7 ', 7 ", 7"') connected to 8 ""). 16. The waste container loading device (3, 14),
Plastic material crushing device (6,6 ", 6""and associated crushed plastic material conveying means (8 ', 8",
8 ″ ′) are each actuated by the vehicle engine via a suitable power transmission means or a current generator (G)
Separate motors (M1, M
Device according to any one of claims 7-15, characterized in that it is actuated by 2 ', M2 ", M2"'). 17. A bag packing device of the type wherein the crushed plastic material conveying means (8 ', 8 ", 8"') wraps various plastic materials together or wraps the various plastic materials separately. A device according to any one of the preceding claims 7-16, characterized in that it feeds a packaging device such as. 18. A device for crushing large plastic waste materials (6 ', 6',
Device according to any one of claims 7 to 17, characterized in that it comprises means (17) for cutting into small pieces suitable for treatment by 6 ", 6""). 19. Said means are in the form of a saw (17), preferably a circular saw, housed in the conveying surface (2) and are actuated by its own motor (M3). The device according to claim 18, 20. A device (1) for destroying a large waste container of reusable plastic material.
Device according to any one of claims 7 to 19, characterized in that it comprises 8). 21. The means comprises a first device (18) for destroying a large waste container of plastic material, each second device (6 ', 6) for crushing waste plastic material. ″, 6 ″ ″),
Along with this, it operates in a series, and is characterized in that
Device by 0. 22. A first device (18) for destroying the large waste container of plastic material and a second respective device (6 ', 6 ", 6) for crushing the plastic material of the waste container. 22. Device according to claim 21, characterized in that "") are activated simultaneously and are supplied separately and simultaneously from separate devices (20, 14) for transferring waste containers to each of these devices. 23. A first device (18) for destroying the large waste container of plastic material comprises a second device (6) for crushing the plastic material of the waste container.
6 ', 6 ", 6"') are arranged on top of a hopper (5) for feeding material respectively, and separate transfer devices for said waste containers are arranged in parallel and overlapping. In the form of a conveyor belt (20,14)
Due to the difference in height between the upper entrances of the hoppers (19, 5),
They are separated in the vertical direction, and each of the destruction devices (1
8) and the crushing device (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"') are fed.
Device according to paragraph. 24. A method or device according to any one of claims 1-23, characterized in that it is applicable to the recovery of several waste materials of glass and plastics like aluminum. 25. A device (18) for destroying a large waste container and a device (6 ', 6 ", 6"') for crushing the plastic material of the waste container while the vehicle is running and stopped. Characterized in that it operates in any of the
Device according to any one of claims 7-24. 26. The members of the device are suitable motors (M1, M1) such as an internal combustion engine, electric, hydraulic, oleodynamic motor type, etc. in a vehicle running or stopped.
8. Driven by 2) or by the engine of the vehicle via suitable power transmission means of mechanical, hydraulic, electrical, oleodynamic or pneumatic drive. A device according to any one of paragraphs 24 to 24. 27. To recover a reusable waste material, particularly a waste container, formed by a reusable plastic material, exemplified by the respective parts and combinations thereof in the detailed description of the invention. Method and apparatus.