ES2267615T3 - INSULATED MOLDED BODIES, ESPECIALLY WOOD FIBER INSULATING PLATES. - Google Patents

Abstract

The insulating board is formed on a base of fibers with ligno-cellulose content and adhered by a binder. The fibers (2) in the insulating board have a preferred orientation parallel to a plane (9) extending at right angles to the front (3) and rear (4) surfaces. The front and/or rear surface are open natural joints. At least one narrow face (6) of the insulating board which extends parallel to the plane of preferred orientation is constructed at least partially from a closed pressed surface of hard fiber board. Independent claims are included for a procedure of the manufacture of insulating components in the form of hard fiber boards, and for a use for the insulating components which can be fitted on a wall or on the underside of a ceiling.

Description

Molded insulating bodies, especially wood fiber insulating plates.

The invention relates to a molded body insulating, especially an insulating plate, with the characteristics of the generic concept of claim 1. Further the invention It refers to a procedure for its manufacture and use of said insulated molded bodies.

In the construction sector they are used Different insulating materials. A special category of these insulating materials are the fiber insulating plates of wood. The so-called license plates are part of this category soft wood fiber, which are traditionally manufactured mainly through the so-called wet procedure. How more general designation, independent of the manufacturing process, the one of "wood fiber insulating materials is used factory-produced ", covering this concept in addition to the plates also the product in rolls.

The present invention relates to bodies molded insulators with basically fixed external dimensions, among which are especially the insulating plates, in the that the front surface as well as the rear surface, with which the insulating plate starts and ends in the direction of isolation, run parallel to each other. But the bodies molded insulators can also have a spatial shape different from this one.

A specially known application of plates insulators according to the generic concept of claim 1 the they constitute the so-called combined insulation systems thermal. These are based for example on a compound formed by a insulating layer of insulating plates and a protective layer against the inclement weather, which in most cases can It is a mineral plaster. A thermal insulating compound of These characteristics require a high resistance of the layer insulator, since she alone supports the protective layer against atmospheric inclemencies. In another known compound system thermal insulator, on the insulating plates according to claim 1 a flexible adaptable cover is applied. Specifically sticks directly on the insulating plate a carton plasterboard or a staff plate with a binding binder. Insulating plate it can be placed both on a wall and also suspended on the underside of a roof, - which if possible is also performed by gluing with a binding binder. Also I know also know the coating of the insulating plates in the composite thermal insulation systems in one or also in the two sides with high strength materials that may be configured in a decorative way and can also be very thin

In all known applications described so far, the anterior surface and the posterior surface, with which insulating plates start and end in the direction of isolation, they are formed through the natural wide faces of the insulating plates, as originally made in the manufacture of wood fiber plates by gluing fibers with lignocellulose content.

As regards the requirements demanded from the resistance of insulating plates is common for all the applications described here, which should be given resistance to sufficiently large detachment of insulating plates with respect to the wall or ceiling by one part and of the material seen applied on the insulating plates by another. The requirements required for this resistance to detachment are exposed in the DIN 68775-1 "fiber insulating materials of wood for construction "of June 2000, in which introduced the so-called resistance categories detachment, which are determinants for the applicability of wood fiber insulating materials such as support plates revoke The resistance to detachment is decisive determined perpendicular to the normal plane of the plate, which It is classified into eight categories of shedding resistance. The three categories of shear strength higher than are given in DIN 68755-1 are identified with T15, T20 and T30. These meet the requirements required to value medium of the shear strength of ≥ 15 kPa; \ geq 20 kPa; ≥ 30 kPa. To increase resistance to detachment of a wood fiber insulating plate, must increase the compaction of the fibers in the insulating plate. This in turn goes against the thermal insulation capacity of The insulating plate. With known insulating plates of material of wood fiber, whose thermal conductivity is required not to exceed 0.060 W / m * K, and for this reason only one some fiber compaction can be achieved as a result at most a shear strength of approximately 30 kPa. It is not possible to clearly exceed this value. In DIN standard no category of shedding resistance was defined T40 or similar higher.

Wood fiber insulating materials They compete directly with mineral fiber insulating plates or glass fibers For the scope as support of revoque there is a special insulating plate of mineral fibers with a special resistance to detachment, which is called as plate plates. A plate of sheets is produced, manufactured in first a starting plate from mineral fibers, whose thickness corresponds to the subsequent width of the plate sheets. Strips are cut from the starting plate by sawn, which correspond to the sheet plates. That is to say that the width of the strips forms the thickness of the plates of sheets. The anterior surface and the posterior surface with the that the plate plates starts and ends in the direction of the insulation, are sawn surfaces. In addition to mineral fibers in the plate of plates they present a parallel preferred orientation to a plane that runs transversely to the anterior surface and transversely to the posterior surface, which is derived from the original manufacturing of the starting plate from the fibers minerals For the resistance to the detachment of the plates of sheets are normally given a value ≥80 kPa. The format of Typical plate of the sheet plates is 120 cm in length, 20 cm in width and an eligible thickness at will typically of some centimeters.

Plate plates of the type above indicated have already been disclosed in the document DE-A-25 03 123. Here they are described additionally sheet plates, on which they are arranged several sheets of adjacent fibers between protective layers, on the base of mineral fibers and they are glued with them.

The objective of the present invention is present insulated molded bodies according to the generic concept of claim 1 as well as a thermal insulation system using said insulated molded bodies, with which achieves a resistance to detachment equal to that of plates sheets made from mineral fibers, at the same time with a reduced thermal conductivity, in order to make the wood fiber insulating materials for the sector of the building. An insulated molded body of these characteristics according to claim 1 it is known for example from EP-A-1059152 (thereof patent applicant).

According to the invention this task is performed in a molded insulating body through the characteristics of the claim 1. In subclaims 2 to 11 described Advantageous embodiments of the insulated molded body.

In the new insulated molded body, which it is especially an insulating plate such that these two concepts from now on will also be used as synonyms, fibers with lignocellulose content, of which essentially composes an insulated molded body, they have an orientation preferably parallel to a plane that runs transversely to the anterior surface and transversely to the surface later. Therefore the preferred orientation takes place perpendicular to the preferably typical orientation of the fibers in a known insulating plate of fiber material of wood, which is aligned parallel to the anterior surface and parallel to the back surface. Because of this special preferred orientation of the fibers in the new molded body insulator, which can also be referred to as fiber structure of oriented soul, the tensile strength of the new body insulated molding, resulting in its resistance to shedding in a composite system, it increases dramatically in comparison with the known wood fiber insulating plates and reaches without plus the values of known sheet plates manufactured at from mineral fibers. This is due to a multiple overlap of the fibers with a resulting mutual anchor, which is only obtained in the addresses of the preferred orientation, of which a matches the new molded insulating body with the direction of the tensile stress solicitation. In this direction the new molded insulating body also has a good resistance to compression, if it's not about local pressurized stresses, it's say on time As in a sheet plate made from mineral fiber, in the new insulated molded body the surface anterior and posterior surface, with which the molded body insulator starts and ends in the direction of insulation, not They can be closed surfaces. Rather it is about surfaces Separation separators, which do not support requests very well of local cargo in many points. In the new molded body insulating, closed surfaces are found only in the narrow surfaces. These closed surfaces pass parallel to the plane of the preferred orientation.

The closed surfaces of the molded body insulation are preferably surfaces obtained by pressing originated in the manufacture of a wood fiber plate, which It serves as the basis for the new insulated molded body.

A wood fiber plate of these features as the basis for the new insulated molded body it should normally have a thickness equivalent to the width of the molded insulating body. Starting from a desired width of molded insulating body of approximately 20 cm can be however, it is advisable to manufacture the corresponding thickness of the Wood fiber plate in two stages. So you can stick two wood fiber plates with a corresponding thickness of 10 cm in flat surface, to obtain a starting plate with a thickness 20 cm From this plate they can then be separated extracting the new molded bodies. Doing so results in less an interior bonding surface that runs parallel to the plane of the preferred orientation in the insulated molded body, in which the surfaces obtained by pressing of the two wood fiber plates. This principle It can also be materialized with three or more fiber plates wood. However, it is preferable that only two stick together wood fiber plates or that the plate thickness of each plate of wood fiber, from which the new body is manufactured insulated molding, be at least 80 mm.

The density of wood fiber plates for the manufacture of the new insulated molded body must be between 100 and 230 kg / m 3. Within this margin they can manufacture stable wood fiber plates with a reduced Thermal conductivity.

The thickness of the new insulated molded body, that is the distance between the previous surface and the surface posterior, it is typically 50 to 400 mm. But in principle it is freely eligible. It can be constant, but it shouldn't be especially. Rather it can be foreseen between the anterior surface and the rear surface of the insulated molded body an angle of wedge attack, which for example in roof insulation can Present advantages. A special insulated molded body for isolating roofs has a wedge angle of attack <20º.

It is understood that the orientation plane preferred in an insulated molded body with an angle of attack in wedge between the anterior surface and the posterior surface cannot run perpendicularly both with respect to the surface anterior as well as with respect to the posterior surface. In In principle this is not mandatory either. Just an alignment cross section of the preferred orientation of the fibers with respect to to the anterior surface and the posterior surface, the angle between the plane of the preferred orientation of the surfaces only of approximately 90º, that is to say between 60 and 120º. So molded bodies are also feasible insulators with parallel anterior and posterior surfaces as well as narrow surfaces in the form of surfaces obtained by Pressed with rhomboidal section instead of rectangular section.

With said rhomboidal section, assembling the insulated molded bodies can prevent the formation of slits that run perpendicular to the plane of isolation. Another way to avoid the formation of slits is you can get by equipping two narrow surfaces of the new body insulated molding facing each other with stepped folds complementary.

The new insulated molded body can be configured as an insulating plate with standardized measurements usual, such that the anterior surface and the surface later have a length in the direction plane preferably 600 to 1,500 mm and a width perpendicular to it of 150 to 300 mm In these margins the dimensions are included Standardized 1,200 mm long and 200 mm wide.

The resistance to detachment that can be get no more of the new insulated molded body between the anterior surface and posterior surface, which in the system compound are glued with support surfaces, it is at least 100 kPa, when there is a relatively average apparent density Small molded insulating body.

Already in the description of the new molded body insulation is entered into details of its manufacture. Basically it part of a wood fiber plate that separates along separation surfaces, perpendicular to surfaces obtained by pressing outwards, in which the fibers with lignocellulose content are strongly compacted more than average. In these separation surfaces originate the anterior surface and posterior surface of molded body insulating. Typically the separation of the wood fiber board in the new procedure it is achieved by sawing.

The open structure of the surfaces before and after produced by sawing goes certainly in against a resistance to local compression. But you get an extraordinary possibility of anchoring the glue pasty Thus the instantaneous adhesion of the new bodies molded insulation when sticking to ceilings and walls is so good that they just need to be tightened and then they can be released without come off again.

If the desired width of the molded body insulator cannot be achieved by the thickness of a single wood fiber plate, then several can be glued together flat fiber wood plates for their surfaces pressing, before separation of the plate takes place multilayer wood fiber thus formed, becoming the individual insulated molded bodies.

Flat bonding of wood fiber plates can be done with a dispersion glue or with silicate alkaline. The closed pressing surfaces of the plates wood fiber allow a durable bonding using very large quantities Small glue.

Thermal insulation systems according to invention employing the new insulating molded bodies will defined in claims 12 and 13. In the subclaims 14 and 15 there are advantageous embodiments of these systems of thermal isolation.

In a first thermal insulation system according to the invention the insulating molded bodies are arranged next to each other touching each other, coinciding respectively its anterior surfaces and its posterior surfaces. That is to say that a layer is formed from the insulated molded bodies closed, which above all the plane of the layer has a composition homogeneous exclusively of the fibers of the insulated molded body and the binder that holds them together.

In a second thermal insulation system according to the invention the individual insulating molded bodies they are arranged side by side with empty spaces, returning to match their previous surfaces and their back surfaces. In this case the free spaces between insulated molded bodies are however filled with others insulating materials, which may be insulating materials of wood fiber in the form of a roll or other insulating materials.

Preferably the insulated molded bodies individual sticks with their back surface to a wall or a ceiling. In doing so, and thanks to the open back surface of the new insulated molded body, a very stable joint is established because the glue can partly penetrate the surface.

On its anterior surface, the molded bodies insulators can be lined by hitting a plaster or a coating plate-shaped Also here, due to the open structure of the surface, a very stable bond is obtained. Stability obtained is not only mechanical but also against the weather. Also in this regard is credited as very positive the open structure of the surfaces, since the moisture that may have entered can easily come out again and It does not accumulate under a closed roof layer.

The invention is described and explained in greater detail. detail with the help of concrete examples of realization in the which figures illustrate the following:

Figure 1 is a cross section of a first embodiment of the new insulated molded body,

Figure 2 is a cross section of a second embodiment of the new insulated molded body,

Figure 3 is a cross section of a third embodiment of the new insulated molded body,

Figure 4 is a cross section of a fourth embodiment of the new insulated molded body,

Figure 5 is a top view on a insulated molded body according to figure 2,

Figure 6 is the manufacture of the new body insulating molding in the embodiment of one of the figures 1 and 2,

Figure 7 is a first use of the new insulated molded bodies,

Figure 8 is a second use of the new insulated molded bodies, and

Figure 9 is a third use of the new molded insulating bodies.

The insulated molded body 1 shown in the Figure 1 in cross section made transversely to its Main extension direction, consists of 2 fibers with lignocellulose content, which are linked together with a binder that does not reproduce separately here. The body insulated molding 1 has an anterior surface 3 and a subsequent surface 4 being first arbitrary the assignment of anterior and posterior. It is decisive that the insulated molded body 1 start and finish with the previous surface 3 and the surface rear 4 in a direction of insulation 5 that passes perpendicular to surfaces 3, 4. The anterior surface 3 and the back surface 4 are sawn separation surfaces with a relatively open surface structure. For him On the contrary, the molded body 1 has two surfaces narrow 6 visible in figure 1 pressing surfaces 7 closed, in which the fibers 2 have a compaction greater than the average apparent density of the molded body 1. The typical width of the insulated molded body 1, which is also here can be called insulating plate, because surfaces 3 and 4 they run parallel to each other, it is 20 cm, the thickness in the address of insulation address 5 is some centimeters, here in this case they are 8 cm. 2 fibers in the body insulated molding 1 have a preferred orientation parallel to a plane 9 that is oriented transversely to surfaces 3 and 4. Specifically the orientation here is perpendicular to the surfaces 3 and 4. With this the plane runs parallel to the insulation direction 5. It also runs perpendicularly to the drawing plane, that is parallel to the narrow surfaces 6. This is based on the fact that the preferred orientation of the fibers 2 in Ultimately it is due to a pressing process, through the which also conform the pressing surfaces 7. The preferred orientation of the fibers 2 parallel to the plane 9 le gives molded body 1 a special stress resistance of traction in the direction of insulation 5 between the surfaces 3 and 4. There is also a good compressive strength here, if well this does not happen locally due to the open structures of surfaces 3 and 4.

The molded body 1 according to figure 2 is distinguishes from the one represented according to figure 1 in that in the center between the narrow surfaces 6 a inside gluing surface 10, on which they are glued together two additional pressing surfaces 7. While the body molded 1 according to figure 1 is obtained by separating a One-piece wood fiber plate, molded body 1 according to figure 2 it is obtained by separating a fiber plate of two-layer wood consisting of two wood fiber plates individual glued along the bonding surface 10. In addition, the thickness of the insulated molded body 1 according to Figure 2 with approximately 6 cm it is smaller than that of the molded body insulator 1 according to figure 1.

The insulated molded body 1 according to figure 3 it is distinguished from the two existing embodiments so far in which it presents two bonding surfaces 10, in which the Pressing surfaces 7 are glued together. This means which is based on three total individual plates joined together by glued on flat surface. The thickness of the molded body 1 according Figure 3 in the direction of the insulation 5 is here 10 cm. Another difference with respect to existing embodiments so far it is the narrow 6 facing surfaces each other provided with stepped folds 11, which are configured by borrowing 12. Stepped folds 11 make it possible to put side by side several insulated molded bodies 1 with a some overlap to avoid interstices.

The embodiment of the molded body insulator 1 according to figure 4 differs from all forms of realization existing so far where surfaces 3 and 4 do not they run parallel to each other, but forming an angle of attack in wedge 13. This means that the thickness of the insulated molded body 1 perpendicular to surface 3 varies between 6 and 9 cm. The insulation direction 5, ie the shortest junction of the surfaces 3 and 4 no longer run exactly parallel to the sides straits 6 and plane 9 of the preferred fiber orientation 2 fixed by the pressing surfaces there. Certainly, the preferred orientation runs exactly perpendicular here to surface 3, but only transversely to surface 4, its deviation from the perpendicular being the corresponding to the angle of wedge attack 13. The molded body 1 according to figure 4 it is provided for the insulation of a roof with reduced tilt angle of wedge attack angle 13. In the anterior surface 3 facing down thus forms a horizontal roof surface under the roof.

Figure 5 illustrates a top view of the insulating body 1 according to figure 2 on its anterior surface 3. The Length 14 of the molded body 1 now visible is 120 cm. You can also see there the bonding surface 10 with the 7 pressing surface glued together. Surface 3 presents as a typically sawn separation surface 15 a structure open compared to narrow surfaces 6.

Figure 6 illustrates how from a plate 16 or single-layer wood fiber 16 can be separated molded bodies 1 along the separation surfaces 15, the width surface 17 of the wood fiber plate 16 being the pressing surface 7, which originated when manufacturing the wood fiber plate 16. The width of the individual strips, that are separated from the wood fiber plate 16, is the thickness of insulating molded body 1 in the direction of insulation 5. The length of the strips 14 corresponds to the Length of insulated molded bodies. Plate thickness of wood fiber 16 that is not visible here is the width 8 of the molded insulating body. The wood fiber plate 16 can be of a layer as in the case of the insulated molded body 1 according to the Figure 1 or multi-layer as in the case of the molded body insulator of figures 2 and 3. That is to say that it can have plates Individual wood fiber glued together.

In Figure 7 a horizontal cross section is reproduced through a composite thermal insulation system in front of a wall 18. The thermal insulating composite system is composed of molded insulating bodies 1 arranged parallel to each other with empty spaces in between, which with their back surface 4 are glued to the wall 18. In the empty spaces 19 that remain between the insulated molded bodies 1 insulating material 20 is provided in the form of wood fiber insulating material without shape stability, which is available in the form of rolls. A dense wood fiber plate 26 is glued on the anterior surface 3 of the insulated molded bodies 1, which for example can be applied to form the wall surface of a room.
tion.

In the thermal insulating composite system according to Figure 8, which is also represented in a cross section horizontal, 21 bodies are arranged in front of an outer wall molded insulators 1 touching each other. Molded bodies insulators 1 stick to the outer wall 21 with its surface posterior 4. On its anterior surface 3 the molded bodies insulators 1 carry plaster being arranged in plaster 22 a revocation retention network 23. The revocation 22 forms a layer of weather protection for the body insulating molding 1.

In the thermal insulating composite system according to Figure 9 the insulated molded bodies 1 are arranged touching each other under a cover 24, to which they are attached with its rear surface 4. Under molded body 1, in its anterior surface 3 is glued to a plasterboard 25. In the formation of this thermal insulating composite system, the 1 molded insulating bodies spread with a fixing binder of the plaster can be applied directly against the roof 24 by applying a pressure and they are retained there immediately. The same applies then also for plasterboard 25.

In the following examples, trials are reported Experimental performed using the new molded body insulator 1.

Example 1

A tensile strength test according to DIN EN 1607 (200mm * 200mm edge length) of a body insulating molding according to the invention resulted in a tensile strength of 380 kPa. Wood fiber board from which the insulated molded body was removed, presented a average apparent density of 210 kg / m 3.

Example 2

A tensile strength test according to DIN EN 1607 (200mm * 200mm edge length) of a body insulating molding according to the invention resulted in a tensile strength of 180 kPa. Wood fiber board from which the insulated molded body was removed, presented a average apparent density of 145 kg / m 3.

Example 3

One of the two insulated molded bodies according to the invention was applied by plaster fixing binder commercial to a vertical concrete wall and the other to a roof of concrete (from low). Applying the binder to all Surface adhesion occurred immediately. It was not no insulated molded shoring is necessary until it is would have hardened the binder. Once hardened the binder between the insulated molded body and the wall was applied directly on the molded insulating body a plasterboard cartoned with a surface four times larger, 12.5 mm thickness as a flexible coating with the same binder as plaster fixing. Also in this case the adhesion was made immediately despite the lining due to its weight itself exerted a great effort on the insulated molded body in the direction of detachment. This construction was applied to an outer wall not covered. An exposure for three months to natural weather conditions during the season of winter with rain, ice and snow, even with a total soaking of the plasterboard and the molded insulating body located behind could not undo the adhesion. Rather one observed Quick drying when the weather was dry.

Annex: procedure for the manufacture of wood fiber plates as a starting material for the manufacture of insulated molded bodies.

Wood fiber plates from which, according to the invention, the new bodies can be manufactured molded insulators should be characterized by presenting a reduced average bulk density while maintaining a stable fiber binding. It is described below with greater detail by way of example a procedure for the manufacture of said wood fiber plates.

It is a manufacturing procedure of light wood fiber plates with an average bulk density less than 250 kg / m3 on the basis of fibers containing lignocellulose and binder, in which the binder is applied on the fibers, and the fibers are then formed forming a fiber mat, which is calibrated and subjected to a treatment thermal for hardening the binder. As opposed the so-called wet procedure, in this procedure you adjusts a degree of moisture of the fibers such that when calibrating the fiber mat and when performing the heat treatment said grade  Humidity is less than 20%. In addition, as opposed to called hot air procedure, the fiber mat carry out the heat treatment comes into contact with surfaces hot closed smooth on both sides for the transmission of hot. By doing this the hot surfaces facing each other are controlled for distance between them to maintain a preset distance thus adjusting a density profile apparent of the wood fiber plates in such a way that a increase of at least 20% of the apparent density at the edges compared to the average apparent density of the fiber plates of wood.

The moisture of the fibers when making the Calibration of the fiber mat and when performing the treatment Thermal hardening of the binder may be less than 10% as with the so-called usual dry procedure. To the As with a classic dry procedure, the treatment Thermal fiber matting is done on surfaces hot closed smooth, by which heat is transferred to the fiber mat for hardening the binder. To the doing this it is important that hot surfaces for the heating are distanced, controlling their distance and are not controlled with pressure, and as is the case in the realization of usual dry procedure. The very low apparent density of wood fiber plates manufactured according to the present procedure does not allow any controlled pressure control of hot surfaces. By controlling the distances of hot surfaces are conferred however to plates made of wood fiber manufactured an apparent density profile that it presents an increase in the apparent density at the edges of so minus 20% more than the average apparent density of the plates wood fiber With this, the area of the edges of the plates of wood fiber is more compacted than the bulk density in the central part. In combination with hot surfaces smooth closed that cause this compaction is a surface Smooth closed of manufactured wood fiber plates. This Smooth closed surface for wood fiber plates with a density less than 250 kg / m 3 is not usual. It allows a Simple and accurate flat bonding of wood fiber plates when making new molded bodies insulators

It should not overlook that a density reduced, which already has the fiber mat, does not facilitate precisely a heat transmission to the center of the mat of fibers during heat treatment. That's why in the present procedure is preferred to spray the fiber mat with water or with an aqueous solution before proceeding to heat treatment. From this way, by means of the water that evaporates on the surfaces hot steam can be directed to the interior of the fiber mat, which there favors the hardening of the binder. In addition the water softens the fibers on the surface of the fiber mat in such a way that by the effect of smooth hot surfaces surfaces can be achieved Especially smooth in the finished wood fiber plates.

Except for fixing the distribution of the dough by surface, the fiber mat can also be calibrated by hot surfaces whose distance is controlled.

The preset surface distance hot corresponding to the thickness of the fiber plates of manufactured wood is typically 20 to 300 mm. It is precisely surprising in the greatest thicknesses of this margin that the wood fiber plates can be manufactured however following A dry procedure

In the procedure described here, he especially prefers that the apparent density profile of the wood fiber plates are set in such a way that it results in a increase in bulk density at the edges compared to the average apparent density of the wood fiber plates so minus 60%. A greater increase in bulk density in edges forms the basis for the configuration of a surface especially solid closed wood fiber plates finished, which for example can also present a considerable Stability against compression stresses compared to average bulk density of wood fiber plates.

If the average apparent density of the plates of wood fiber is set between 150 and 250 kg / m 3, as binder a synthetic resin of which regularly used in the industry of materials derived from the wood. The usual synthetic resins in the industry of wood-derived materials comprise urea resins formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, melamine urea phenol formaldehyde, those of phenol urea formaldehyde, those of phenol formaldehyde and those of PMDI (diphenyl metandiisocyanate polymer).

If the average apparent density of the plates of wood fiber has been established between 60 and 250 kg / m 3, as binder a polyurethane binder product can be used foam former Within this range of apparent density is positively shows the advantage of filling the hollow spaces in the wood fiber board between the fibers individual by the polyurethane foam. Plates Especially light wood fiber of 150 kg / m3 are not manufactured without the use of a forming binder product of appropriate quality foam.

As a polyurethane binder product foaming agent can be used a so-called single-system component, which for example has been developed by the company Bayer and is basically available. But preferably it It uses a two-component system that is easier to handle, in which the foam forming polyurethane binder product presents a first component of the binder that presents groups NCO and a second component of the binder that presents less a polyol.

In an embodiment especially Preferred method described herein it is expected that before applying the binder the fibers are divided in at least two parts and on a first of these parts only apply the first binder component that presents the NCO groups and on a second of these parts apply only the second binder component that presents the polyalcohol and that the parts of the fibers only proceed to mix with each other immediately before forming the fiber mat. Until the mixing of the fiber parts, the two components of the binder are therefore totally separated from each other. Even during the mixing of the fiber parts not yet There is no noteworthy contact between the two components of binder. Only when the fiber mat is formed is established this contact at the fiber contact points. But nevertheless this contact is still not enough to trigger on its own a polyurethane reaction in a range worth mentioning. Alone after a very long period of time or as a result of the heat treatment the part is triggered relevant principal of the polyurethane reaction that then leads to the desired compaction of the fibers in the plates of wood fiber In this process it is surprising that the reaction of polyurethane ultimately despite the distribution not homogeneous microscope view of the binder components, in heat treatment it takes place completely. This means that there are no reaction losses worthy of mention due to the fact that the two components of the binder are not present in all the fibers Since simultaneously the reactivity of the binder is fully concentrated in the polyurethane reaction in the Inside the fiber mat, binder can be used in a relatively small proportion compared to the fibers and achieve the desired solidity of the wood fiber plates.

The said first part may contain basically 10 to 90% and the second part correspondingly 90 to 10% of all fibers. But it is very it is desirable that the first and second parts of the fibers be approximately equal, that is, for example each of them Contains 40 to 60% of all fibers.

But there is no impediment that even a third of the fibers before mixing undergo another treatment. Especially one third of the fibers can leave without binder component until this part is mixed With the other parts. This way of proceeding is especially interesting with very low percentages of binder.

The procedure described herein memory can be performed both discontinuously and also continuous form, which is preferred. In the realization with continuous procedure, hot surfaces are provided typically on metal endless belts heated behind.

If the manufacture of fiber plates wood is made continuously using a binder of polyurethane with two binder components, the parts of the fibers after applying the binder components and before their mixing can be subjected to intermediate storage separated from each other. The reactivity of the components of the binder does not decrease with a separate buffer of the fiber parts even if the times of Storage are long.

The heat treatment for hardening of the wood fiber plates can be made in such a way that in the central part of the molded body reaches a temperature of only 50 to 100 ° C. This means that compared to Known procedures in the central part of the molded body are enough very low temperatures. These allow to get to the inverse a high performance of the energy used for the heat treatment and short times necessary for the heat treatment. The reduced temperature is sufficient with the new procedure for at least part hardening of the binder in the center of the molded body, if used highly reactive polyurethane binders, the reaction of which is not It is chemically prevented to suppress a previous reaction.

Fibers undergoing treatment for Manufacture of wood fiber plates are preferably wood fibers in the form of fibrous substance of usual defibrator.  In this process it is possible to use wood from recycling without significant quality losses in the bodies molded insulators manufactured as final product.

The percentage of binder for manufacturing of wood fiber plates can be chosen between limits broad that are established based on the necessary strength of the wood fiber plates on the one hand and the profitability of the procedure regarding the high costs of the binder for other. The following data refers to the use of a polyurethane binder.

Typically the percentage of binder of the Wood fiber plates are set in total between 2.5 and 5 in weight referred to the atro brand wood fibers. Of this so insulating molded bodies are obtained which are partly usable as bodies for thermal insulation only and to as the apparent densities increase, you can also use as wall elements with high rigidity and high insulating potential

The procedure described herein for the manufacture of wood fiber plates can also be carried out in such a way that when forming the previous form to from the fibers a layer configuration is structured with different compositions and / or percentages of binder in the different layers. Thus, by way of example, the percentages of binder in the cover layers of the fiber plates of wood can be larger than in the central layer, to get a Especially high stability of the cover layers. But other layer structures are also achievable for adaptation to certain needs profiles with the new process. It is understood that the fiber parts that are provided for different layers of the layered structure, should not mix with each other before the formation of the fiber mat, but only those fibers that are intended for a layer with uniform composition.

In the variants of the procedure with the polyurethane binder from two components of binder, especially varying the composition and percentage relative of the binder components that present polyalcohol, you can take advantage of the wide known spectrum of properties of polyurethane. For this, the use of additives that act as accelerator or retarder for the two components of the binder. Can also be use fungicidal and / or herbicidal additives for bodies molded that is about manufacturing.

At densities between 60 and 150 kg / m 3 wood fiber plates are obtained mechanically stable using the procedure described herein only if a foam binder is used, that is a polyurethane binder, which has at least two components of polyurethane, PMDI and polyalcohol or that it is a single component system. Wood fiber plates these characteristics can also be considered as foam fiber stabilized polyurethane. The percentage of binder for the atro fibers it is at least 5%, which however seen in absolute terms is not much.

From an average apparent density of approximately 150 kg / m 3 there are fewer gaps between the fibers, of so that the percentage of binder can be reduced using a foam forming polyurethane binder less than 5% of atro fibers. If stability is not the most important, they can be sufficient percentages of binder that can drop to reach above 1%. All percentage data is They understand as usual as percentage weight data.

From average apparent densities of 150 up to 200 kg / m 3 can also be used non-binders foaming agents, ie synthetic resins of which usually used in the industry of materials derived from timber. With reduced apparent densities in this range you should choose however the binder percentage also for reduced degrees of stiffness greater than 5%, and for degrees of stiffness high binder percentages of 7 to 15% must be used. Instead of the relatively brittle resins of ureaformaldehyde to be hardened are preferable mixed systems with added melamine and phenols. But at the time When making the election, considerations must be taken into account usual weighing the price of the binder, the possible formaldehyde release and possible residual phenols harmful.

List of reference numbers

one

Body insulated molding

2

Fiber

3

Previous surface

4

Back surface

5

Insulation address

6

Narrow surface

7

Pressing surface

8

Width

9

Flat of the preferred orientation

10

  Bonding surface

eleven

  Stepped folding

12

  Milling

13

  Wedge Attack Angle

14

  Length

fifteen

  Separation surface

16

  Wood fiber plate

17

  Surface width

18

  Wall

19

  Empty interstitium

twenty

  Isolating material

twenty-one

  Exterior wall

22

  Revoke

2. 3

  Net retention

24

  Ceiling

25

  Carton plasterboard

26

  Wood fiber plate

Claims (15)

1. Insulated molded body, especially insulating plate on the basis of lignocellulose-containing fibers bonded with a binder, with an insulation direction and with an anterior surface as well as with a posterior surface, with which the insulated molded body begins and ends in the direction of the insulation, characterized in that the fibers (2) in the insulated molded body (1) have a preferred orientation parallel to a plane (9) that runs transversely to the anterior surface (3) and transversely to the posterior surface (4 ), and because at least one narrow surface (6) of the insulated molded body (1), which runs parallel to the plane (9) of the preferred orientation, is formed at least in part by a pressing surface (7) of a wood fiber plate (16) and / or because at least one interior gluing surface (10) is provided that runs parallel to the plane (9) of the preferred orientation, in which the pressing surfaces (7) of two wood fiber plates (16) are glued together, and because each wood fiber plate in the area of its pressed surfaces has an increase in its apparent density at the edges of minus 20% compared to its average apparent density. 2. Insulated molded body according to claim 1, characterized in that the front surface (3) and / or the rear surface (4) are open separation surfaces (15). 3. Insulated molded body according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the plate of each wood fiber plate (16) is greater than or equal to 80 mm. 4. Insulated molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wood fiber plates (16) have an apparent density of 100 to 230 kg / m 3. 5. Insulated molded body according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the distance between the front surface (3) and the rear surface (4) is 50 to 400 mm. 6. Insulated molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the distance between the anterior surface (3) and the posterior surface (4) is constant. 7. Insulated molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a wedge angle (13) of less than 20 ° is configured between the front surface (3) and the rear surface (4). 8. Insulated molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that two narrow surfaces (6) facing each other are provided with complementary stepped folds (11). 9. Insulated molded body according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the front surface (3) and the rear surface (4) have a length (14) in the plane (9) of the preferred direction of 600 to 1500 mm and a width (8) that runs perpendicular to it of 150 to 300 mm. 10. Insulated molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a shear strength between the anterior surface (3) and the posterior surface (4) is at least 100 kPa. 11. Insulated molded body according to claim 1, characterized in that the wood fiber plates (16) are glued on a flat surface with a dispersion glue or with an alkali silicate. 12. Thermal insulation system with insulating molded bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the individual insulating molded bodies (1) are arranged side by side touching each other, their front surfaces (3) and their respective surfaces coinciding respectively. back surfaces (4). 13. Thermal insulation system with insulated molded bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the individual insulated molded bodies (1) are arranged side by side with interstices, their anterior surfaces (3) and their posterior surfaces coinciding (4) respectively and the interstices (19) being filled between the insulating molded bodies (1) with another insulating material (20). 14. Thermal insulation system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the insulating (1) and individual molded bodies are glued to a wall (18, 21) or to a ceiling (24) with its rear surface. 15. Thermal insulation system according to claim 14, characterized in that the insulating molded bodies (1) have a plaster (22) or a plate-like lining (25, 26) attached to its front surface (3).