ES2258877B1 - MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE OF CERAMIC AUTOPORTING SlabS ON LONG PRESSED TRACK, Slabs AS OBTAINED AND THE MACHINE REQUIRED FOR MANUFACTURING. - Google Patents

Abstract

Manufacturing procedure of self-supporting ceramic slabs on long prestressing track, the slabs thus obtained and the machine necessary for its manufacture. Manufacturing procedure for self-supporting ceramic slabs consisting of the following stages: Arrangement of the vaults on the prestressing track, humidification of them, laying of prestressed steels, concreting of the ribs and receptacles by molding, setting of concrete, cutting and Extraction of prefabricated plates. The slabs obtained have a rib with a socket open superiorly for the connection reinforcement with flat beams as well as receiving the pouring concrete on site. On the other hand, the machine has a front area with rubber rollers, a set of front wheels, retaining guillotines, vibrant hoppers and a non-vibrating sliding tuning mold, separated by an elastic rubber gasket.

Description

Slab Manufacturing Procedure self-supporting ceramic on long prestressing track, slabs thus obtained and the machine necessary for its manufacture.

Object of the invention

The present invention aims at a manufacturing procedure of ceramic self-supporting slabs on long prestressing track, the slabs obtained by said method and The machine necessary for its manufacture. Through the procedure Manufacturing slabs or plates are obtained self-supporting that are constructed by means of ceramic vaults, or concrete or vegetable fiber vaults, and with concrete prestressed, getting slabs or self-supporting plates throughout its length for the building, which they are able to support in phase of construction the weight of the compression layer and that of the workers walking on them, without having yet set the concrete compression layer.

Characterize the present invention the improvements carried out in the slab manufacturing process or ceramic plates that until now were made on metal trays and that with this new method they are manufactured continuously on long prestressing track, between 100 and 200 m in length, allows reduce direct personnel costs, maintenance, expenses general, since productivity is clearly seen increased

It also characterizes the present invention, the constructive characteristics of the slab or plate as well obtained that make it cheaper in raw materials because it is prestressed concrete and reduce the edge if we compare them with those of reinforced concrete, likewise are easily manipulated, very lightweight and allow you to build a floor more quickly, as well as to be able to avoid the use of lower sopandas.

Therefore the present invention is circumscribes within the field of building construction, and more specifically of the ceramic plates previously prepared in factory or prefabricated that allow building on site Quick a floor.

Background of the invention

Normally those forged in the building, are they usually mount directly on site, based on having a series of  joists between reinforced concrete beams, placing between joists the corresponding vaults. All this forced arrange a series of sopandas and protection elements to prevent the fall of workers by stepping on and breaking the vaults loose or slip your support on the joist.

Currently and with the aim of automating and reduce the necessary labor, slabs or plates are manufactured ceramics, which both in the procedure used and in the slab or Plate obtained have several drawbacks.

The current slab manufacturing process or reinforced concrete ceramic plates, consisting of trays metal that are displaced throughout the factory, starting the process with the arrangement of ceramic vaults on the trays in an area of the factory, then later place corrugated steels in another area of the production chain, pass to concrete the plates, and take the tray to an area of setting. After one day, the trays are removed from the area of setting, the already set plates are removed from them, being stacked automatically over each other, so that later a forklift removed them to the park of storage of processed products. Finally the trays on which the plates have been manufactured are cleaned and scratched automatically starting the procedure again manufacturing.

With this manufacturing procedure and the way with which the plates are manipulated, the productivity obtained is quite low, which makes the plates more expensive.

In the case of the current procedure of manufacture of prestressed concrete ceramic plates, said procedure consists in the serial arrangement of vaults on an endless belt, on which the steel cables that are subsequently tensioned, proceeding finally to concrete with a sliding bowl on the belt still. When the concrete has set the tape is put back on in progress, proceeding at the end of the tape to the cut by diamond disc of the continuous plate obtained, cutting it to the desired length

This manufacturing process on tape endless and its subsequent cut, has the disadvantage that plates obtained are not suitable for making "indirect" supports, that is, on beams that have the same edges or thicknesses as the floor, since it is necessary that the lower part of the nerves in their union with the beams protrude the armor of the plate penetrating the beams and serving as connectors or connection. How these armor or cables have been cut with the disk of diamond, it is only possible to build "direct" type supports, that is to say that the plate mount on the beams, or on the walls of building load, must deliver to beams or walls 5 to 10 cm of plate.

Therefore the objective of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks developing for this a manufacturing process of slabs self-supporting prestressed concrete ceramics, which increase considerably the final productivity of the process, obtaining a greater number of slabs or plates in the same space of time, than also allow to obtain slabs or plates that can be used to make "indirect" supports, which are supportive throughout length and very light to be lifted by tower cranes conventional.

Description of the invention

The process object of the present invention  consists of the arrangement of the aligned and glued vaults each other on the long prestressing track. It can be done "to hand "or use pliers that are capable of raising up to two rows of two rows of 5 to 8 meters of vaults to the time, so that with a rolling gantry on the track, or hung the clamp of a crane bridge, the entire length of the track is placed full of ceramic vaults aligned.

Then the cables of the prestressed steel

Subsequently with a sliding molding machine, or vibrating hopper with wheels on the track rails, proceed when filling or attaching the concrete ribs of the vaults. For this, the molding or extruder must have rollers or small wheels lying sideways to the vaults, which will serve to center them correctly or align them on the track. These wheels may also be of the sliding skate type with positioner spring or endless belt. This centering system of vaults will go to the front of the molding machine, before the filling area or vibrant hoppers. Finally, a tuner mold will leave the form that interests us about the vaults, that is, with open or closed channel or socket, or with nerves attached laterally to the vaults.

After 2 or 3 days and once the concrete proceeds to release the prestressed steel cables, and the track is cut with the desired plate length, by Diamond cutting disc machine, rolling on the track.

Finally the same clamp system of introduction you can take out or remove the plates outside the manufacturing hall, the plates being ready to stack and stoke in storage, or to load directly into the truck.

This procedure is applicable to any type Ceramic vault design, and in principle they are manufactured with half width to the useful width of the track, typical of 1.2 m. That is to say they manufacture plates of half width or 0.6 m, since although they are cut, they extract and manipulate in trucks and with the cranes of work always of 2 in two or in width 1.2 m, there is the possibility of separating them in individual plates of width 0.6 m if for example the tower crane pointed work cannot raise the set of 2 plates at a time by over weight.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that then it will be done and in order to help a better understanding of its characteristics, is accompanied by this descriptive memory, of a set of planes in whose figures, of illustrative and non-limiting, the details are represented significant of the invention.

Figure 1. Shows a representation in perspective of a portion of prestressing track, where They watch the rails.

Figure 2. Shows the previous track, where they are depositing the ceramic vaults with long tweezers of between 5 to 8 meters in length per trip.

Figure 3. Shows a perspective view of the most important parts of the molding machine, where they appreciate the filling hoppers, the retaining guillotine, the mold final tuner and centering wheels of the vaults.

Figure 4. Shows in perspective two plates 0.6 wide joints each with open cells, already set and cut.

Figure 5. Shows a section of two plates of the alveolus type open superiorly in the nerve center of prestressed concrete.

Figure 6. Shows a cross section of other type of open socket plates, but in the form of "V".

Figure 7. Shows a sectional representation two half-width plates, where the concrete sides of the upper open socket, protrude above the vaults

Figure 8. Shows the section of two plates with closed socket, and positioned the connection frame with beam.

Figure 9. Shows a variant of 2 plates, with longitudinal lateral or external nerves to each vault.

Figure 10. It shows a section of 2 plates like the previous ones, but with a wide upper head
extended above the ceramic vaults themselves.

Figure 11. Shows 2 plates of 2 nerves lateral each, where the top of each nerve is separates from the vaults, which present a setback in their  upper corners to allow it.

Figure 12. Shows 2 vault plates ceramics that are coated laterally and superiorly by the prestressed concrete factory.

Figure 13. Shows 2 solid nerve plates and top "T" head, with positioning of the armor of connection with beam.

Figure 14. Shows 4 sections of a portion of concrete pouring or molding machine, for plates configured with central nerve and lateral vaults around said nerve.

Figure 15. Shows 4 sections of a portion of concrete pouring or molding machine, for plates configured with central vault and two side ribs attached to the vault.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of the aforementioned figures, describes below a preferred embodiment of the invention as well as the explanation of the drawings.

The process object of the invention of manufacture of self-supporting prestressed concrete ceramic slabs on long track for the building, it consists of the following stages, which are shown in figures 1 to 4 in short:

- On the long prestressing track (1) of metal sheet or polished concrete floor with side rails (2) the vaults (3) are arranged by sets of 5 to 8 meters of length, which have been taken by means of tweezers (4) of the special pallets that arrive from the ceramic factory Factory loaded on trucks. These pallets have the vaults oriented longitudinally, and in several layers about each other according to the height of transport, and are ready to be pinched comfortably so that the work of introduction in the prestressing track, with the least number of possible grips and shifts. These tweezers (4) may ride on a self-propelled rolling gantry car on the track, or hang on the crane bridge of the manufacturing hall. further they will normally be arranged in 2 parallel rows (5 and 6) in each tray or pallet, in this way two plates are manufactured at the same time on the track, although the two plates are independent, it is that is, each plate with a central nerve (fig. 5) or two nerves lateral (fig. 9), by making the plates so narrow (0.6 m) Prevents excessive tension by tensioning the prestressing cables and the breakage of the vaults is avoided as a result of this prestress precompression.

- By rolling car on the rails of the prestressing track are humidified or sprayed with water absorption primer all vaults along of the whole track. You can also dip the entire pallet in a bathtub before placing it on the head of the track, or spraying before Entering the track

- Laying or placement by rolling car of prestressed steels (8) in the receptacles and / or ribs (7) with those that count the vaults (3), where the resistant nerves of the slabs or plates, tensing them.

- Concreting of the nerves and receptacles previous (7), by molding or rolling machine on the track rails, comprising at its front of some skates or lateral centering wheels (9) for vaults (3), a retaining guillotine (10) so that the concrete (11) is not forward to the machine and they serve as a guide for the steels of prestressed (8) behind the centering rollers (9), and used to cover concrete hoppers (12) vibrating centers which will carry sealing skates (13) resting on the vaults to prevent the concrete (11) or brush brushes as a bristle screen or soft rubber also rubbing on the vaults, and finally behind the hoppers, tuning molds (14) that will give the final form to the concrete (15) already introduced in the gaps (7) of the vaults (3) of the track.

- Once the concrete has set, at 2 or 3 days, the extruded track is cut (16) with rolling cutting machine of traditional diamond disk, and with plate length (17) desired.

- With the same installation clamp system of vaults, or with similar variant, since the plates do not have why measure the 5 to 8 meters described above for the clamp introduction of vaults on track, they come back to remove the precast slabs (17) from the tracks outside of the manufacturing hall, for stacking and storage in the park, or for loading the truck directly to work.

In general with this system we can take advantage an installation of long prestressing tracks typical of joists prestressed or alveolar plates, to continuously manufacture these new self-supporting ceramic slabs of prestressed concrete.

Figure 5 shows the form of preferred embodiment of the vaults used in the  plate manufacturing, counting each vault with a receptacle (7), where the factory concrete and steel are housed prestressed. These receptacles (7) serve as formwork exterior for the molded concrete of the ribs (18) with its upper central open socket (19), which will serve to accommodate the connection reinforcement with flat beams or to accommodate reinforcement of blinds or stirrups for shear, or to accommodate a rod of longitudinal reinforcement to increase the positive bending moment, In addition to receiving the concrete poured on site of the layer of compression, to configure the solid nerve itself of the wrought. They may also have an upper head in the form of  "T" (20) like the one in figure 5, and even arrange this head over the entire vault. Also the socket may have wider width at the top or have a "V" shape (21), in addition to being able to project both sides of the upper nerve (22) to immerse in the concrete and increase the solidarity. The floor may be used with or without a layer of superior compression, because if the socket is "V" by example (21), you can stay even the armor of moments negative when going through the supports and calculate the slabs in continuity. The nerve may also have a central socket closed (23) like the one in figure 8, where the armor will be housed of connection (24) for support in flat beams where the concrete poured into these beams, achieving an overlap between connector and prestressed precast concrete.

In figure 4, the form presented is shown a plate once manufactured in perspective, plate that is formed in turn by a pair of plates in longitudinal lateral contact. In In other words, we will actually call 1.2 m wide plate set of two sub-plates of width 0.6 since it they manipulate like a single body almost always. Well understood that it they manufacture two by two of 0.6 m to lower costs of manufacturing, labor, etc. since the total width is used from the 1.2 m prestressing track, they are extracted from the tracks as well same two by two and stacked and stored in the park two at two too. They are loaded onto trucks, they are raised on site and placed on the beams formwork two by two too. Do not However, they can be built separately if the tower crane is its tip cannot with both at the same time because it is very long

The manufacturing width of each slab or plate It can be about 60 or 80 cm to favor the transport width 240 cm from the truck. So 4 horizontal plates of 60 cm add up 240 cm, and 3 horizontal plates of 80 cm add 240 cm. In addition the 60 cm will always be handled and raised 2 in 2 as if from a Single plate will be treated. Only in case of need as we said previously they will be separated in work. This also facilitates being able to Modulate cloths better.

Slabs or plates may have some crossed rods introduced in "fresh" on the track between two consecutive and mid-height vaults, which will pass through the central socket of the nerves and will serve to anchor the construction hooks. To do this in the manufacture of vaults, and more concrete in the cutting of wet mud between vaults and others, with the cutting thread, a recess will be made in half moon where said through steel for the hook will then be housed of elevation.

The outer longitudinal edge of the vaults, may have a setback (25) that when placed on site some plates attached to each other, will create a receptacle of small width (26), which will be filled with concrete poured on site and that will have the mission to glue some plates longitudinally to others, so that the plaster plaster does not crack under the union of the plates by dilation of the floor. These sides they will also have the classic longitudinal grooves surface to favor the grip of the concrete and therefore the glued to the vaults of the two adjacent plates.

This width (26) in turn filled in the work of concrete will make the slab's weight greater, favoring the sound absorption, without unduly affecting the cost of the slab, since the concrete poured on site is much cheaper than the prefabricated factory.

We can also manufacture plates that have a central vault (27) and two laterally attached nerves (28) a the vaults, and of the same edge, lateral or edge exterior such that by attaching some plates next to others in work, configure a receptacle (29) similar to the nerve plates with open socket (19), and whose purpose is also to place in said receptacle connection armature, shear reinforcement or positive reinforcement, in addition to receiving or filling with concrete poured on site, to configure the resistant final solid nerve of the floor. In the same way they can be used with or without a layer of superior compression poured on site but always filling in Concrete work open receptacles (19, 21, 23 and 26).

These nerves may also (28) provide a concrete head (30) on the vault like the one in the figure 10. In addition the lateral nerves (28) may protrude forming a head (31) or separate from the wall of the vault, so that the concrete poured on site embraces with greater solidarity the part superior of these nerves as in figure 11. Finally you can top cover (32) the entire vault with concrete prefabricated, so as not to have a compression layer.

As a last variant, the nerve of each slab or plate can be solid in all its height (33) and have more head upper width (34) (figure 13), and present above said head on its upper face a scratch (35) convenient for favor the grip with the compression layer concrete Poured into work. The connector (36) will be housed in the two holes (37) of the ceramic vaults next to the lower steels (38) of the central nerve Concrete poured on site in the beams will vibrate so that it penetrates in these alveoli (37), being able to have the others hollows of clogged vaults or with more wall divisions to prevent the concrete from getting into them excessively.

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bovedillas.}

Within the slabs or plates of solid nerve without open or closed socket, we will have the possibility of manufacturing them without being cut with a diamond disk on the track, but in manufacturing they will have separators or formwork at the ends of the nerves of each plate to be manufactured, in order to leave the concrete reinforcements clean, and that once cut will serve as connection reinforcement between ribs and supports, such as with flat beams. In this case also the filling machine will not have retention guillotines or tuner mold, since the concrete must be poured superiorly and with the adequate flow to avoid overflowing over

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vaults.} 

The vaults can be designed with crosses of San Andrés or lattice interior walls configuration, what which increases the resistance of the vaults to walk on them or to withstand shocks or stacking efforts, without increasing its weight. It also increases, a Once the work compression layer is set, the transversal distribution of loads of enclosures or walls without having any mesh Extra reinforcement inside the compression layer, as is the case to the traditional floor that does not have the partition walls diagonally interiors of the vaults.

The manufacturing method described is in general Applicable to all kinds of ceramic and nerve vault designs of prestressed concrete, such as those described above, or either in double "T", or full width plate like the one on the track, or greater number of concrete ribs per plate, with or without lower ceramic coating under the nerves whatever its shape, etc. etc.

The concrete pouring or molding machine on the ceramic vaults of the central nerve plate type open socket and vault on both sides of the nerve, will consist of The following parts:

- A front roller zone (fig. 14.A) of rubber or tires (9), which serve to correctly center the vaults (3) on the prestressing track (1) at the machine passage molding, where you can see a set of front wheels (41) of the 4 that the machine usually has to roll on the rails (2) of the prestressing track.

- Some guillotines (10) retainers (fig. 14.B) at the front of the concrete hoppers (12), which will serve to contain the concrete (11) of said hoppers and that this is not forward to the machine spilling onto the vaults of the track in front of the machine.

- Vibrant hoppers (12) (fig. 14.C) that they will contain the concrete (11) for manufacturing the ribs, and that by gravity and vibrated, it adapts to the shape of the gaps (7) lengths of the vaults, which will later constitute the ribs (18) of the plates, being arranged in the machine about longitudinal tubes or bottles (42) in the center of the central receptacles of the vaults, which will be configured by sliding open channels (19) in the concrete ribs (18) of the plates.

- A tuning mold (fig. 14.D) not sliding vibrating (14), separated by an elastic rubber seal from the concrete containment hoppers (12), which will allow to configure the final refined shape of the concrete ribs (18), including the upper open socket (19) in the center of said nerve of the plate (17). In this rear part the two wheels will be located rear (43) of the machine.

The concrete molding machine on the ceramic vaults in the vault plate configuration central and two nerves laterally attached, will have the following parts:

- A front roller zone (fig. 15.A) of rubber or tires (9), which serve to correctly center the vaults (3) on the prestressing track (1) at the machine passage molding, where you can see a set of front wheels (41) of the 4 that the machine usually has to roll on the rails (2) of the prestressing track.

- Some guillotines (10) retainers (fig. 15.B) at the front of the concrete hoppers (12), arranged in the center of the machine and on both sides, which will serve to contain the concrete (11) of said hoppers and that this is not forward to the machine spilling onto the vaults of the track in front of the machine.

- A vibrant hopper (12) (fig. 15.C) that it will contain the concrete (11) for manufacturing the ribs, and that  gravity and vibrated, adapts to the shape of the sides lengths of the vaults, which will later constitute the ribs (28) of the plates, a tube being arranged in the machine or central longitudinal bottle (42), and two lateral edges (44) with the shape of a central half bottle (42), which will configure the lateral nerves (28) of the plates of this type or setting.

- A tuning mold (fig. 15.D) not sliding vibrating (14), separated by an elastic rubber gasket of the hopper (12) concrete containment, which will allow to configure the shape Refined finish of the concrete ribs (28) lateral. In this rear two rear wheels (43) of the molding machine

Finally and as we have said before, a Once the plates so manufactured on them are arranged on site, You can place a mesh and a compression layer. Being able to place additionally if the calculation so requests, some armed steel corrugated that support the negative moments if we want the Forged have continuity on the supports.

It does not alter the essentiality of this invention variations in materials, shape, size and arrangement of component elements, described in a non-limiting manner, sufficient This one for reproduction by an expert.

Claims (18)

1. Manufacturing procedure for self-supporting ceramic slabs on long prestressing track, characterized by comprising the following stages:

-

On the long prestressing track (1) of sheet metal floor or Polished concrete with side rails (2) the vaults are arranged (3), "by hand" or by sets of 5 to 8 meters of length, which have been taken using tweezers (4) from the pallets specials that come from the ceramic factory to the factory loaded on trucks. These clamps can be mounted on a carriage Self-propelled rolling gantry on the track, or hanging from the Crane bridge of the manufacturing hall.

-

By rolling car on the rails of the prestressing track are humidified or sprayed with water-absorbing primer all vaults along the entire track. Can also dive the entire pallet in a bathtub before placing it at the head of the track, or spray before entering the track.

-

Laying or placement by car of the prestressed steels (8) in the receptacles and / or nerves (7) with which the vaults (3) count, where they will configure the resistant nerves of the slabs or plates, tensing them.

-

Concreting of the nerves and front receptacles (7), by rolling molding machine on the track rails, which comprises in its front of skates or lateral centering wheels (9) for vaults (3), a retaining guillotine (10) for concrete (11) Do not go ahead to the machine and serve as a guide for prestressing steels (8) behind the rollers centering devices (9), and used to cover the concrete hoppers (12) vibrant centrals which will carry skates of sealed (13) resting on the vaults to prevent it from coming out the concrete (11) or brushes as a screen bristles or soft rubber also brushing over the vaults, and finally behind the hoppers, some tuning molds (14) that will give the final form to the concrete (15) already introduced between the nerves of the vaults (3) of the track.

-

A Once the concrete has set, after 2 or 3 days, the track is cut (16) extruded, and with the desired plate length (17).

-

With the same clamp system or similar, can be performed the extraction of prefabricated plates (17) from the tracks, taking them out of the manufacturing hall for stacking and storage in the park, or for truck loading Direct to work.

2. Ceramic self-supporting slabs obtained by the previous manufacturing process on a long prestressing track, which are characterized by (fig. 5) in the center of the ceramic vaults a rib (18) with a central open upper socket (19), which will serve to accommodate the connection reinforcement with flat beams or to accommodate reinforcement of latticework or shear stirrups, or to accommodate a longitudinal reinforcement rod to increase the positive bending moment, in addition to receiving the concrete poured on site from the compression layer , to configure the solid nerve proper of the floor. 3. Ceramic self-supporting slabs according to claim 2 characterized in that the ends of the ribs (18) have a "T" shaped upper head (20), resting on the entire vault.
lla. 4. Ceramic self-supporting slabs according to claim 2 characterized in that the socket (19) has a greater width in its upper part having a "V" shape (21), the two sides of the rib (22) can also protrude superiorly to be embedded in the concrete of work and increase the solidity
rity 5. Ceramic self-supporting slabs according to claim 2 characterized in that the rib (18) has a closed central socket (23), where the connection reinforcement (24) will be housed to support flat beams where the poured concrete will penetrate into said beams 6. Ceramic self-supporting slabs obtained by the previous manufacturing process on long prestressing track, according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the outer longitudinal edge of the vaults, may have a recess (25) that when placed in It works some vaults attached to each other, it will create a receptacle of small thickness (26), which will be filled with the concrete poured on site and that will have the mission to glue some plates longitudinally to others, so that the plaster plaster does not crack under the union of the plates by dilation of the floor. These sides will also have the classic longitudinal longitudinal grooves to favor the grip of the concrete and therefore the bonding of the adjacent vaults or plates. 7. Ceramic self-supporting slabs according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the slab is used with or without a compression layer on site, but always filling the open receptacles with concrete (19, 21, 23 and 26). 8. Ceramic self-supporting slabs obtained by the previous manufacturing process on long prestressing track, according to any of claims 2 to 5, which are characterized by having crossed rods inserted in "fresh" in the track between two consecutive and half-length vaults height, which will cross the central alveolus of the nerves and will serve to anchor the work lifting hooks, counting for it the vaults with a half-moon recess where said steel is housed
intern 9. Ceramic self-supporting slabs obtained by the previous manufacturing process on long prestressing track, according to claim 2, characterized in that the plates have a central vault (27) and two ribs laterally attached (28) to the vaults with their same edge, and with an outer lateral shape or longitudinal outer edge such that when a few plates are attached next to others on site, a receptacle (29) similar to the nerve plates in open socket (19) is configured, and whose end is also place the connection reinforcement, shear reinforcement or positive reinforcement, in addition to receiving or filling it with concrete poured on site, to configure the solid end of the floor forged. 10. Ceramic self-supporting slabs according to claim 9 characterized in that the lateral ribs (28) have a head (30) arranged on the vault. 11. Ceramic self-supporting slabs according to claim 9 characterized in that the lateral ribs (28) protrude from the vault or separate from the wall of the vault forming a head
(31). 12. Ceramic self-supporting slabs according to claim 9, characterized in that the vaults are coated superiorly with prefabricated concrete in order not to have a cover layer.
Zion. 13. Ceramic self-supporting slabs according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that said slabs are used with or without a compression layer on site, but always filling the open receptacles with concrete (29). 14. Ceramic self-supporting slabs obtained by the previous manufacturing process on long prestressing track, according to claim 2, which are characterized by having the solid rib in its entire height (33) and upper wide head (34), and presenting above said head on its upper face a scratch (35) convenient to favor the grip with the concrete of the compression layer poured on site. The connector (36) will be housed in the two holes (37) of the ceramic vaults next to the lower steels (38) of the central rib. The concrete poured on site in the beams will vibrate so that it penetrates into said alveoli (37), being able to have the other hollows of the clogged vaults or with more divisions of walls to avoid that the concrete in them is introduced in excess. 15. Ceramic self-supporting slabs obtained by the previous manufacturing process on long prestressing track, according to claim 14, characterized in that the slabs or plates are not cut with a disc in their entire section (vault, concrete and steel), but only the cables prestressed steel, since the vaults have been previously separated on the track depending on the length of the desired plate and have separators or formwork at the ends of the ribs of each plate to be manufactured, in order to leave the armor clean concrete, and that will serve, once cut, as a connection reinforcement between nerve and supports, such as with flat beams. 16. Ceramic self-supporting slabs obtained by the previous manufacturing process on long prestressing track, according to claims 2 to 14, which are characterized by having in their vaults San Andres crossings or configuration of interior walls in latticework, which increases the order Ten times the resistance of the vaults to walk on them or to withstand shocks or stacking efforts, without increasing their weight. It also increases, once the work compression layer is set, the transverse distribution of enclosure or wall loads without having any extra reinforcement mesh within the compression layer. 17. Machine for obtaining the self-supporting ceramic slabs obtained by the method previously claimed, for the pouring or molding of concrete on ceramic vaults of central concrete ribs to the vaults, with manufacturing procedure on long prestressing track, which is characterized to have:

-

A front area of rubber or pneumatic rollers (9), which serve to Correctly center the vaults (3) on the prestressing track to the step of the molding machine,

-

A set of front wheels (41) of the 4 normally available the machine to roll on the rails (2) of the track prestressed.

-

Nail guillotines (10) retainers in the front of the hoppers (12) of concrete, which will serve to contain the concrete (11) of said hoppers and that this one does not advance to the machine spilling over the vaults of the track ahead of the machine.

-

Nail vibrating hoppers (12) that will contain the concrete manufacturing the nerves, and that by gravity and vibrated, it adapts to the way the longitudinal channels (7) of the vaults, which later they will constitute the nerves (18) of the plates, arranging longitudinal tubes or bottles on the machine (42) in the center of the central receptacles of the vaults, that will set up open channels (19) on the nerves of concrete (18) of the plates.

-

A non-vibrating sliding tuner mold (14), separated by a joint elastic rubber of concrete containment hoppers (12) (11), which will allow to configure the final refined form of the concrete ribs (18), including the open socket superiorly (19) in the center of said plate nerve (17). In this rear part the two rear wheels will be located (43) of the machine

18. Machine for obtaining the ceramic self-supporting slabs obtained by the method previously claimed, according to claim 17, characterized in that in the case that central vaults (27) are used on which lateral concrete ribs (28) are formed, the The machine has the same elements, where the retaining guillotines are arranged in the center of the machine (10) and on its two sides, which will serve to contain the concrete of said hoppers (12) and that it does not advance to the machine spilling over the vaults of the track in front of the machine; on the other hand the hopper (12) will have a shape that adapts to the silhouette of what will be the lateral nerves (28) of the vaults that will later form the resistant nerves (28) of the plates, also having a tube or central longitudinal bottle (42), and two lateral edges (44) in the form of half a central bottle (42), which will configure the lateral ribs (28) of the plates of this type or configuration; also an adapted tuning mold that separated by an elastic rubber seal from the concrete containment hopper (12), will allow the final refined shape of the lateral concrete ribs (28) to be configured.