WO2010013991A1 - System of blocks for building walls - Google Patents

System of blocks for building walls Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010013991A1
WO2010013991A1 PCT/MX2009/000053 MX2009000053W WO2010013991A1 WO 2010013991 A1 WO2010013991 A1 WO 2010013991A1 MX 2009000053 W MX2009000053 W MX 2009000053W WO 2010013991 A1 WO2010013991 A1 WO 2010013991A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
assembled
prisms
trapezoidal
blocks
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2009/000053
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arturo Ramón ALVAREZ MOYSEN
Original Assignee
Alvarez Moysen Arturo Ramon
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from MX2008009798A external-priority patent/MX2008009798A/en
Priority claimed from MX2008015851A external-priority patent/MX2008015851A/en
Application filed by Alvarez Moysen Arturo Ramon filed Critical Alvarez Moysen Arturo Ramon
Publication of WO2010013991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010013991A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/24—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/021—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of triangular shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a set of assembled blocks for the construction of walls, totally different from those known. Due to their design, they allow the assembly of a block with another for the construction of a wall, these being easy and quick to install, also avoiding with this invention the waste of mortar as is the case with the conventional block, these block allows for its placement require a specialized workforce.
  • each of the elements that make up these assembled blocks manages to reduce its weight without affecting its structure or operation, this is achieved by removing a significant part of its mass which represents a significant saving of material and greater ease of handling and placement optimizing it to the maximum.
  • Figure 1. It is a view of the upper floor of the block of displacement.
  • Figure 2. It is a view of the lower floor of the sliding block.
  • Figure 3. It is a side elevation view of the displacer block.
  • Figure 4. It is a front elevation view of the displacer block.
  • Figure 5. It is a cross-sectional view of the displacer block.
  • Figure 6. It is a longitudinal section view of the displacer block.
  • Figure 7. It is a cross-sectional view where the placement of the sliding block can be seen and on this the assembled block.
  • Figure 8. It is a view in longitudinal section of the sliding block where its placement can be seen with respect to the other sliding blocks in the first course and on this the assembly block row.
  • Figure 9.- It is a bottom perspective view of the sliding block.
  • Figure 10. It is a top perspective view of the sliding block.
  • Figure 11. It is a front perspective view of the sliding block.
  • Figure 12.- It is a perspective view of a lateral side of the sliding block.
  • Figure 13 is a top plan view of the assembled block.
  • Figure 14 is a view of the bottom floor of the assembled block.
  • Figure 15 is a side elevation view of the assembled block.
  • Figure 16 is a front elevation view of the assembled block.
  • Figure 17 is a perspective view of the lower lateral side of the assembled block.
  • Figure 18 is a perspective view of the lower lateral side at a different angle of the assembled block.
  • Figure 19 is a perspective view of the upper front elevation of the assembled block.
  • Figure 20 is a perspective view of the lower lateral side at a different angle of the assembled block.
  • Figure 21 is a front view of two assembled blocks already placed.
  • Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the wall constructed with assembled blocks.
  • Figure 23 is a view of the upper floor of the lightened assembled block.
  • Figure 24 is a view of the lower floor of the lightened assembled block.
  • Figure 25 is a front view of the lightened assembled block.
  • Figure 26 is a side view of the lightened assembled block.
  • Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view of the lightened assembled block.
  • Figure 28 is a longitudinal sectional view of the lightened assembled block.
  • Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view of the wall where the placement of the lightened assembled block can be seen from its displacement.
  • Figure 30 is a side view of a set of lightened assembled blocks.
  • Figure 31 is a longitudinal sectional view of a set of lightened assembled blocks.
  • Figure 32 is a side perspective view where the cavity of the lightened assembled block is appreciated.
  • Figure 33 is a bottom side perspective view where the cavity and retentions of the central element of the lightened assembled block are appreciated.
  • Figure 34 is a perspective view of the upper surface where the lightened assembled block channel can be seen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
  • the present invention consists of a set of blocks similar to each other, but with different purposes in the construction process of a wall, the so-called sliding block with an innovative design is first explained, which makes it easier and faster to place.
  • the first block called the sliding block is characterized by having a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function.
  • Two of the elements are rectangular prisms (1) and are located parallel to each other on the outside of the block separated by two trapezoidal prisms (2) that are located inside the block.
  • Said trapezoidal prisms (2) are located opposite each other, separated by a space or gap (4) and the sides of each of the trapezoidal prisms (2), are attached to the rectangular prisms (1).
  • the upper bases of the rectangular prisms (1) are elevated with respect to the upper surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2) forming a channel (3) with the upper part of each trapezoidal prism (2).
  • Each of the lower bases of the rectangular prisms (1) will be superimposed on the sliding surface (10) and in the upper bases the assembled block of the next course (9) is superimposed, which will be described later as it is different from the sliding block that is now described.
  • the base of the assembled block has a protrusion to embed in the channel (3) of the displacer block.
  • the lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) have a slope (5) with respect to the horizontal with an angle that rises from the outer ends of its lower surface towards the hollow (4), without reaching this slope to the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2), thus forming a cavity (8) where the mortar is housed.
  • the lowest point of the lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) is located at a higher level with respect to the lower bases of the rectangular prisms (1) leaving a space that forms a groove (6).
  • the external front surface (7) of the trapezoidal prisms is sunk with respect to the front surface of the rectangular prisms (1), forming a vertical slit (11) within the junction of two adjacent shifting blocks. All surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2), except those that are attached to the rectangular prisms (1), have a striated and rough finish since it is these surfaces that will have contact with the mortar in the installation.
  • each of these blocks For installation, they will be placed aligned and bumping each of these blocks on the sliding surface (10), proceeding to fill the cavity (8) of each of the blocks with mortar through their holes (4) until they start to exit through the grooves (6) the mortar is subsequently applied to the channel (3), in turn introducing the mortar into the vertical grooves (11) so that when joining a block with another, avoiding the nozzles outside.
  • the striated and rough surface finish serves for a better adhesion of the mortar with each of those surfaces.
  • rod ends (14) can be left previously drowned in the displacer surface (10) that coincide with the holes (4) of the displacer blocks, they can be in each of these or alternately, the height of these rods will not exceed the height of the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) and in these cases a concrete cement sand gravel will be used instead of the mortar, this solution would apply for seismic areas.
  • the building block can have two or more trapezoidal prisms (2) between the rectangular prisms (1), the shape of the trapezoidal prisms (2) can vary without affecting its function.
  • each rectangular prism (1) there may be a protuberance which will embed in a groove located on the opposite front surface of the same rectangular prism.
  • This protrusion and slit assembly seals the vertical joints between the blocks and aligns them.
  • the sliding block can be made of any material such as clays, sand cement, cement rubber sands, any other lightened material known or to be known, in the same way the combination of these.
  • the building block can be set, baked or dried.
  • the presentation of the corresponding apparent exterior finish can be according to the mold or have a different texture.
  • the second block is the assembled block that has some characteristics similar to the sliding block that allows the construction of walls avoiding the waste of mortar in the horizontal joints of the wall, since its shape prevents it from spilling during the placement of a block on other. Furthermore, on the contact surfaces (15, 16) of the assembled block where the horizontal joints are formed there is no nozzle, which allows the placement of courses without the need for a guide line or ladder.
  • the assembled block has the basic shape of a rectangular prism, preferably has three protuberances (17) equidistant from each other, distributed as along the central part of the bottom base of the assembled block, one in the center and the other two at each end of the assembled block.
  • the protuberances (17) have the shape of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base attached to the bottom base of the assembled block. It also has a concavity (18) also in the form of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base arranged all along the central part of the upper surface of the assembled block and its minor base is the bottom of the concavity (18). which forms a channel similar to channel (3) of the displacer block described above.
  • the angle of inclination of the sides of the trapezoidal prisms that form the concavity (18) and the protuberances (17) is the same, so that when the wall is constructed, the protuberances (17) of an assembled block embed in the concavities ( 18) of the assembled blocks of the lower course.
  • the two protuberances (17) found at the ends of the assembled block have an inward inclination (17a) on their outer sides to allow two assembled blocks to join, the mortar fills the space formed between said blocks.
  • the sides of the concavity (18) are longer than the sides of the protuberances (17). Said difference in length allows the space between the smaller bases of the protuberances (17) and cavities (18) when the protrusions (17) and concavities (18), where the mortar will be applied before stacking a block over the previous course.
  • the concavity (18) is continuous, mortar can be applied over the entire course before starting with the next course, simplifying the construction of the wall and reducing the time required for it.
  • This set of protuberance (21) and slit (21a) form the vertical joints of the wall, in which the protuberance (21) of an assembled block embeds with the slit (21a) of the adjacent block, without the need to use mortar.
  • a rod reinforcement is housed, which consists of a pair of parallel rod posts (24) joined perpendicularly by the vertices of a plurality of rods (23 ) in the form of "U".
  • the number of rods (23) in the form of "U” is at least one for each protuberance (17) of the assembled block.
  • the rod reinforcement is located along the upper part of the block body with the tips of the "U” shaped rods pointing towards the upper contact surfaces (15), and its function is to give resistance to the loads that could occur on the wall. This case will only be necessary according to project conditions where load walls are required.
  • the lightened assembled block for the construction of walls is characterized by having a rectangular prism shape consisting basically of three elements integrated with each other with a different function each.
  • the lightened assembled block is a combination of features of the assembled block and the displacer block described above. It is basically an assembled block, which does not have the tunnel (25) and only has two protuberances (17), one at each end of the lightened assembled block.
  • the trapezoidal prism that makes up the concavity (18) of the block is replaced by rectangular prisms, so that the sides of this prism do not have inclinations, but retain the difference in lengths of the sides, so that the space (19) formed at assembling one block over another is preserved.
  • the tunnel (25), the central protuberance (17) and the gaps (26) are replaced by a concavity (28) limited at its ends and bottom by the protuberances (17) of the ends of the block, and in its central part and superior by the base (22) of the concavity (18).
  • the concavity (28) gives the block lightness and can be in the form of a trapezoidal prism or in the form of an arc since both designs provide the required strength.
  • the front surfaces (29) of the block are sunk with respect to the vertical contact surfaces (20) so that by joining two blocks, a space (29) is formed between them, allowing mortar to be glued to stick two adjacent blocks, being hidden the vertical nozzle
  • the lightened assembled block for the construction of walls may have some variation in the shape of the cavity (28) that could well be in the form of a trapezoidal, arc or any other shape whose function is to lighten the central element.
  • the lightened assembled block can be made of any material such as clays, sand cement, sand with rubber from waste tires and cement, and any other material known or to be known, in the same way the combination of these.
  • the lightened assembled building block can be set, baked and dried.
  • the presentation of the exterior finish can be according to the mold or have a different texture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a foundation building block characterized in that it has four elements which correspond to two rectangular prisms (1) which are arranged in parallel and separated by two trapezoidal prisms (2) situated opposite each other so as to form a recess (4) in the central part of the block and an internal cavity in the inside thereof. Its arrangement results in a new kind of foundation formed by filling with mortar the recess (4) located in the central part of the block and retaining the mortar deposited inside it, so that it remains concealed therein, the block being cemented to the foundation surface (10).

Description

SISTEMA DE BLOQUES PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE MUROS. BLOCK SYSTEM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS.
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN. La presente invención se refiere a un conjunto de bloques ensamblables para la construcción de muros, totalmente diferentes de los conocidos. Por su diseño permiten un ensamble de un bloque con otro para la construcción de un muro, siendo estos de fácil y rápida colocación, además evitando con esta invención el desperdicio de mortero como sucede con el bloque convencional, estos bloque permite para su colocación no se requiera de una mano de obra especializada.BACKGROUND AND OBJECT OF THE INVENTION. The present invention relates to a set of assembled blocks for the construction of walls, totally different from those known. Due to their design, they allow the assembly of a block with another for the construction of a wall, these being easy and quick to install, also avoiding with this invention the waste of mortar as is the case with the conventional block, these block allows for its placement require a specialized workforce.
Por su novedoso diseño cada uno de los elementos que conforman estos bloques ensamblables logra reducir su peso sin que afecte su estructura o funcionamiento, esto se consigue quitando una parte significativa de su masa lo que representa un ahorro importante de material y mayor facilidad para su manejo y colocación optimizándolo al máximo.Due to its innovative design, each of the elements that make up these assembled blocks manages to reduce its weight without affecting its structure or operation, this is achieved by removing a significant part of its mass which represents a significant saving of material and greater ease of handling and placement optimizing it to the maximum.
Además, actualmente para el desplante de dichos muros se requiere colocar previamente una capa de mortero sobre la superficie de desplante procediendo a colocar el bloque o tabique pegarlo y nivelarlo, cuidando el espesor de la boquilla. Para esta operación se requiere de mano de obra calificada. Con la finalidad de facilitar este proceso constructivo se propone también un bloque de desplante, que permita un verdadero cambio en una nueva y original forma de pegar y colocar la primera hilada, aplica únicamente para el bloque ensamblable, el cual también se pretende proteger por medio de la presente. 2009/000053In addition, currently for the displacement of said walls it is required to previously place a layer of mortar on the surface of the displacement proceeding to place the block or partition stick it and level it, taking care of the thickness of the nozzle. This operation requires skilled labor. In order to facilitate this construction process, a sliding block is also proposed, which allows a real change in a new and original way of gluing and placing the first course, applies only to the assembled block, which is also intended to be protected by means of of the present. 2009/000053
22
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURASBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figura 1.- Es una vista de la planta superior del bloque de desplante.Figure 1.- It is a view of the upper floor of the block of displacement.
La figura 2.- Es una vista de la planta inferior del bloque de desplante.Figure 2.- It is a view of the lower floor of the sliding block.
La figura 3.- Es una vista del alzado lateral del bloque de desplante. La figura 4.- Es una vista del alzado frontal del bloque de desplante.Figure 3.- It is a side elevation view of the displacer block. Figure 4.- It is a front elevation view of the displacer block.
La figura 5.- Es una vista en corte transversal del bloque de desplante.Figure 5.- It is a cross-sectional view of the displacer block.
La figura 6.- Es una vista en corte longitudinal del bloque de desplante.Figure 6.- It is a longitudinal section view of the displacer block.
La figura 7.- Es una vista en corte transversal donde se aprecia la colocación del bloque de desplante y sobre de este el bloque ensamblable. La figura 8.- Es una vista en corte longitudinal del bloque de desplante donde se aprecia su colocación con respecto a los demás bloques de desplante en la primera hilada y sobre de este la hilada de bloques ensamblables.Figure 7.- It is a cross-sectional view where the placement of the sliding block can be seen and on this the assembled block. Figure 8.- It is a view in longitudinal section of the sliding block where its placement can be seen with respect to the other sliding blocks in the first course and on this the assembly block row.
La figura 9.- Es una vista en perspectiva inferior del bloque de desplante.Figure 9.- It is a bottom perspective view of the sliding block.
La figura 10.- Es una vista en perspectiva superior del bloque de desplante. La figura 11.- Es una vista en perspectiva frontal del bloque de desplante.Figure 10.- It is a top perspective view of the sliding block. Figure 11.- It is a front perspective view of the sliding block.
La figura 12.- Es una vista en perspectiva de un costado lateral del bloque de desplante.Figure 12.- It is a perspective view of a lateral side of the sliding block.
La figura 13, es una vista de la planta superior del bloque ensamblable. La figura 14, es una vista de la planta inferior del bloque ensamblable. La figura 15, es una vista del alzado lateral del bloque ensamblable.Figure 13 is a top plan view of the assembled block. Figure 14 is a view of the bottom floor of the assembled block. Figure 15 is a side elevation view of the assembled block.
La figura 16, es una vista del alzado frontal del bloque ensamblable.Figure 16 is a front elevation view of the assembled block.
La figura 17, es una vista en perspectiva del costado lateral inferior del bloque ensamblable.Figure 17 is a perspective view of the lower lateral side of the assembled block.
La figura 18, es una vista en perspectiva del costado lateral inferior en distinto ángulo del bloque ensamblable. La figura 19, es una vista en perspectiva del alzado frontal superior del bloque ensamblable.Figure 18 is a perspective view of the lower lateral side at a different angle of the assembled block. Figure 19 is a perspective view of the upper front elevation of the assembled block.
La figura 20, es una vista en perspectiva del costado lateral inferior en distinto ángulo del bloque ensamblable. La figura 21, es una vista frontal de dos bloques ensamblables ya colocados.Figure 20 is a perspective view of the lower lateral side at a different angle of the assembled block. Figure 21 is a front view of two assembled blocks already placed.
La figura 22, es una vista en sección transversal del muro construido con bloques ensamblables.Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the wall constructed with assembled blocks.
La figura 23, es una vista de la planta superior del bloque ensamblable aligerado.Figure 23 is a view of the upper floor of the lightened assembled block.
La figura 24, es una vista de la planta inferior del bloque ensamblable aligerado. La figura 25, es una vista frontal del bloque ensamblable aligerado.Figure 24 is a view of the lower floor of the lightened assembled block. Figure 25 is a front view of the lightened assembled block.
La figura 26, es una vista lateral del bloque ensamblable aligerado.Figure 26 is a side view of the lightened assembled block.
La figura 27, es una vista en corte transversal del bloque ensamblable aligerado.Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view of the lightened assembled block.
La figura 28, es una vista en corte longitudinal del bloque ensamblable aligerado.Figure 28 is a longitudinal sectional view of the lightened assembled block.
La figura 29, es una vista en corte transversal del muro donde se aprecia la colocación del bloque ensamblable aligerado desde su desplante.Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view of the wall where the placement of the lightened assembled block can be seen from its displacement.
La figura 30, es una vista lateral de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables aligerados.Figure 30 is a side view of a set of lightened assembled blocks.
La figura 31, es una vista en corte longitudinal de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables aligerados.Figure 31 is a longitudinal sectional view of a set of lightened assembled blocks.
La figura 32, es una vista en perspectiva lateral donde se aprecia la cavidad del bloque ensamblable aligerado.Figure 32 is a side perspective view where the cavity of the lightened assembled block is appreciated.
La figura 33, es una vista en perspectiva lateral inferior donde se aprecia la cavidad y remetimientos del elemento central del bloque ensamblable aligerado.Figure 33 is a bottom side perspective view where the cavity and retentions of the central element of the lightened assembled block are appreciated.
La figura 34, es una vista en perspectiva de la superficie superior donde se aprecia el canal del bloque ensamblable aligerado. DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN.Figure 34 is a perspective view of the upper surface where the lightened assembled block channel can be seen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
La presente invención consiste en un conjunto de bloques similares entre sí, pero con distintos propósitos en el proceso constructivo de un muro, primeramente se explica el bloque denominado de desplante con un diseño innovador, que permite que sea más fácil y rápida su colocación. El primer bloque llamado bloque de desplante se caracteriza por tener una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente. Dos de los elementos son prismas rectangulares (1) y se ubican paralelos entre sí en la parte exterior del bloque separados por dos prismas trapezoidales (2) que se ubican en el interior del bloque. Dichos prismas trapezoidales (2) están ubicados uno enfrente de otro, separados por un espacio o hueco (4) y los lados de cada uno de los prismas trapezoidales (2), están unidos a los prismas rectangulares (1). Las bases superiores de los prismas rectangulares (1) están elevadas con respecto a las superficies superiores de los prismas trapezoidales (2) formando un canal (3) con la parte superior de cada prisma trapezoidal (2). Cada una de las bases inferiores de los prismas rectangulares (1) irán sobrepuestas en la superficie de desplante (10) y en las bases superiores se sobrepone el bloque ensamblable de la siguiente hilada (9), el cual se describirá más adelante ya que es diferente al bloque de desplante que ahora se describe. En las superficies frontales de los prismas rectangulares se junta un bloque de desplante con otro, formando una unión (12). La base del bloque ensamblable tiene una protuberancia para embonar en la canal (3) del bloque de desplante. La superficie inferior de los prismas trapezoidales (2) tienen una pendiente (5) con respecto a la horizontal con un ángulo que se eleva desde los extremos externos de su superficie inferior hacia el hueco (4), sin llegar esta pendiente a la superficie superior de los prismas trapezoidales (2), formando de esta manera una cavidad (8) donde se aloja el mortero.The present invention consists of a set of blocks similar to each other, but with different purposes in the construction process of a wall, the so-called sliding block with an innovative design is first explained, which makes it easier and faster to place. The first block called the sliding block is characterized by having a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function. Two of the elements are rectangular prisms (1) and are located parallel to each other on the outside of the block separated by two trapezoidal prisms (2) that are located inside the block. Said trapezoidal prisms (2) are located opposite each other, separated by a space or gap (4) and the sides of each of the trapezoidal prisms (2), are attached to the rectangular prisms (1). The upper bases of the rectangular prisms (1) are elevated with respect to the upper surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2) forming a channel (3) with the upper part of each trapezoidal prism (2). Each of the lower bases of the rectangular prisms (1) will be superimposed on the sliding surface (10) and in the upper bases the assembled block of the next course (9) is superimposed, which will be described later as it is different from the sliding block that is now described. On the front surfaces of the rectangular prisms, a sliding block is joined with another, forming a joint (12). The base of the assembled block has a protrusion to embed in the channel (3) of the displacer block. The lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) have a slope (5) with respect to the horizontal with an angle that rises from the outer ends of its lower surface towards the hollow (4), without reaching this slope to the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2), thus forming a cavity (8) where the mortar is housed.
El punto más bajo de la superficie inferior de los prismas trapezoidales (2) está ubicado en un nivel más alto con respecto a las bases inferiores de los prismas rectangulares (1) quedando un espacio que forma una ranura (6). La superficie frontal externa (7) de los prismas trapezoidales está hundida con respecto a la superficie frontal de los prismas rectangulares (1), formando una hendidura vertical (11) dentro de la unión de dos bloques de desplante contiguos. Todos las superficies de los prismas trapezoidales (2), excepto las que están unidas a los prismas rectangulares (1), tienen un acabado estriado y rugoso ya que son estas superficies las que tendrán contacto con el mortero en la instalación.The lowest point of the lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) is located at a higher level with respect to the lower bases of the rectangular prisms (1) leaving a space that forms a groove (6). The external front surface (7) of the trapezoidal prisms is sunk with respect to the front surface of the rectangular prisms (1), forming a vertical slit (11) within the junction of two adjacent shifting blocks. All surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2), except those that are attached to the rectangular prisms (1), have a striated and rough finish since it is these surfaces that will have contact with the mortar in the installation.
Para su instalación se colocarán alineados y topando cada uno de estos bloques sobre la superficie de desplante (10), procediendo a rellenarse con mortero la cavidad (8) de cada uno de los bloques a través de sus huecos (4) hasta empezar a salir por las ranuras (6) posteriormente se procede a aplicar el mortero sobre la canal (3) introduciendo a su vez el mortero dentro de las hendiduras verticales (11) para que al unir un bloque con otro evitando de esta forma las boquillas al exterior. El acabado estriado y rugoso en las superficies sirve para una mejor adherencia del mortero con cada una de esas superficies.For installation, they will be placed aligned and bumping each of these blocks on the sliding surface (10), proceeding to fill the cavity (8) of each of the blocks with mortar through their holes (4) until they start to exit through the grooves (6) the mortar is subsequently applied to the channel (3), in turn introducing the mortar into the vertical grooves (11) so that when joining a block with another, avoiding the nozzles outside. The striated and rough surface finish serves for a better adhesion of the mortar with each of those surfaces.
Para un mayor adherencia de la hilada de desplante (13) se pueden dejar puntas de varilla (14) ahogadas previamente en la superficie de desplante (10) que coincidan con los huecos (4) de los bloques de desplante, pueden ser en cada uno de estos o en forma alterna, la altura de estas varillas no rebasara la altura de la superficie superior de los prismas trapezoidales (2) y en estos casos se utilizara un concreto cemento arena gravilla en lugar del mortero, esta solución aplicaría para zonas sísmicas. El bloque de desplante para construcción puede presentar dos o más prismas trapezoidales (2) entre los prismas rectangulares (1), la forma de los prismas trapezoidales (2) puede variar sin que se afecte su función.For greater adhesion of the displacer course (13), rod ends (14) can be left previously drowned in the displacer surface (10) that coincide with the holes (4) of the displacer blocks, they can be in each of these or alternately, the height of these rods will not exceed the height of the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) and in these cases a concrete cement sand gravel will be used instead of the mortar, this solution would apply for seismic areas. The building block can have two or more trapezoidal prisms (2) between the rectangular prisms (1), the shape of the trapezoidal prisms (2) can vary without affecting its function.
En una de las superficies frontales de cada prisma rectangular (1) puede haber una protuberancia la cual embonara en una hendidura ubicada en la superficie frontal opuesta del mismo prisma rectangular. Este conjunto de protuberancia y hendidura sella las juntas verticales entre los bloques y los alinea. El bloque de desplante puede ser elaborado de cualquier material como: arcillas, cemento arena, arenas hule cemento, cualquier otro material aligerado conocido o por conocer, de igual manera la combinación de estos mismos. El bloque de desplante para construcción puede ser fraguado, horneado o secado. La presentación del acabado exterior aparente correspondiente puede ser de acuerdo al molde o bien tener una textura diferente.On one of the front surfaces of each rectangular prism (1) there may be a protuberance which will embed in a groove located on the opposite front surface of the same rectangular prism. This protrusion and slit assembly seals the vertical joints between the blocks and aligns them. The sliding block can be made of any material such as clays, sand cement, cement rubber sands, any other lightened material known or to be known, in the same way the combination of these. The building block can be set, baked or dried. The presentation of the corresponding apparent exterior finish can be according to the mold or have a different texture.
El segundo bloque es el bloque ensamblable que tiene algunas características similares al bloque de desplante que permite la construcción de muros evitando el desperdicio de mortero en las juntas horizontales del muro, ya que su forma impide que este se derrame durante la colocación de un bloque sobre otro. Además en las superficies de contacto (15, 16) del bloque ensamblable donde se forman las juntas horizontales no hay boquilla, lo que permite la colocación de hiladas sin la necesidad de un cordel de guía o escantillón. El bloque ensamblable tiene la forma básica de un prisma rectangular, cuenta preferentemente con tres protuberancias (17) equidistantes entre si, distribuidas a lo largo de la parte central de la base inferior del bloque ensamblable, una en el centro y las otras dos en cada extremo del bloque ensamblable. Las protuberancias (17) tienen la forma de un prisma trapezoidal, con su base mayor unida a la base inferior del bloque ensamblable. Así mismo cuenta con una concavidad (18) también en forma de prisma trapezoidal, con su base mayor dispuesta a todo lo largo de la parte central de la superficie superior del bloque ensamblable y su base menor es el fondo de la concavidad (18) lo que forma un canal similar al canal (3) del bloque de desplante descrito anteriormente. El ángulo de inclinación de los lados de los prismas trapezoidales que forman la concavidad (18) y las protuberancias (17) es el mismo, de modo que al construirse el muro, las protuberancias (17) de un bloque ensamblable embonan en las concavidades (18) de los bloques ensamblables de la hilada inferior. Las dos protuberancias (17) que se encuentran en los extremos del bloque ensamblable tienen en sus costados externos (17a) una inclinación hacia adentro para permitir que al unirse dos bloques ensamblables, el mortero rellene el espacio formado entre dichos bloques.The second block is the assembled block that has some characteristics similar to the sliding block that allows the construction of walls avoiding the waste of mortar in the horizontal joints of the wall, since its shape prevents it from spilling during the placement of a block on other. Furthermore, on the contact surfaces (15, 16) of the assembled block where the horizontal joints are formed there is no nozzle, which allows the placement of courses without the need for a guide line or ladder. The assembled block has the basic shape of a rectangular prism, preferably has three protuberances (17) equidistant from each other, distributed as along the central part of the bottom base of the assembled block, one in the center and the other two at each end of the assembled block. The protuberances (17) have the shape of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base attached to the bottom base of the assembled block. It also has a concavity (18) also in the form of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base arranged all along the central part of the upper surface of the assembled block and its minor base is the bottom of the concavity (18). which forms a channel similar to channel (3) of the displacer block described above. The angle of inclination of the sides of the trapezoidal prisms that form the concavity (18) and the protuberances (17) is the same, so that when the wall is constructed, the protuberances (17) of an assembled block embed in the concavities ( 18) of the assembled blocks of the lower course. The two protuberances (17) found at the ends of the assembled block have an inward inclination (17a) on their outer sides to allow two assembled blocks to join, the mortar fills the space formed between said blocks.
Los lados de la concavidad (18) son de longitud mayor que los lados de las protuberancias (17). Dicha diferencia en longitud permite que al embonar las protuberancias (17) y concavidades (18) quede un espacio (19) entre las bases menores de las protuberancias (17) y cavidades (18), donde se aplicará el mortero antes de apilar un bloque sobre la hilada anterior. Además, ya que la concavidad (18) es continua, se puede aplicar mortero sobre toda la hilada antes de empezar con la hilada siguiente, simplificando la construcción del muro y reduciendo el tiempo requerido para ello. En los extremos laterales de la cara frontal del bloque ensamblable, que son las superficies de contacto vertical (20) entre bloques, hay una protuberancia (21) dispuesta verticalmente desde arriba hasta abajo. En la cara frontal opuesta del bloque hay una hendidura (21a) en la cara de contacto vertical (20a). Este conjunto de protuberancia (21) y hendidura (21a) forman las juntas verticales del muro, en las que la protuberancia (21) de un bloque ensamblable embona con la hendidura (21a) del bloque contiguo, sin la necesidad de usar mortero.The sides of the concavity (18) are longer than the sides of the protuberances (17). Said difference in length allows the space between the smaller bases of the protuberances (17) and cavities (18) when the protrusions (17) and concavities (18), where the mortar will be applied before stacking a block over the previous course. In addition, since the concavity (18) is continuous, mortar can be applied over the entire course before starting with the next course, simplifying the construction of the wall and reducing the time required for it. On the lateral ends of the front face of the assembled block, which are the vertical contact surfaces (20) between blocks, there is a protuberance (21) arranged vertically from top to bottom. On the opposite front face of the block there is a slit (21a) in the vertical contact face (20a). This set of protuberance (21) and slit (21a) form the vertical joints of the wall, in which the protuberance (21) of an assembled block embeds with the slit (21a) of the adjacent block, without the need to use mortar.
Dentro del cuerpo del bloque en la base (22) de la concavidad (18), se aloja un refuerzo de varilla, que consiste en un par de postes (24) de varilla paralelos unidos perpendicularmente por los vértices de una pluralidad de varillas (23) en forma de "U". El número de varillas (23) en forma de "U" es de al menos uno por cada protuberancia (17) del bloque ensamblable. El refuerzo de varilla está ubicado a lo largo de la parte superior del cuerpo del bloque con las puntas de las varillas en forma de "U" apuntando hacia las superficies de contacto superiores (15), y su función es dar resistencia a las cargas que se pudieran producir en el muro. Este caso solo será necesario de acuerdo a condiciones del proyecto donde se requieran muros de carga.Inside the block body at the base (22) of the concavity (18), a rod reinforcement is housed, which consists of a pair of parallel rod posts (24) joined perpendicularly by the vertices of a plurality of rods (23 ) in the form of "U". The number of rods (23) in the form of "U" is at least one for each protuberance (17) of the assembled block. The rod reinforcement is located along the upper part of the block body with the tips of the "U" shaped rods pointing towards the upper contact surfaces (15), and its function is to give resistance to the loads that could occur on the wall. This case will only be necessary according to project conditions where load walls are required.
Debajo de la base (22) de la concavidad (18), hay un hueco a lo largo del bloque en su parte central, desde una cara frontal del bloque ensamblable hasta la otra formando un túnel (25) en la longitud del bloque. Este túnel (25) tiene la función de permitir la fácil incorporación de instalaciones eléctricas o de tubería dentro del muro una vez construido. Asimismo, en la base inferior, entre las protuberancias (17) hay unos huecos (26) que se conectan con el túnel (25), cuya función es alojar el mortero que se desplaza al ser comprimido por la presión que produce un bloque al ser apilado sobre una hilada, además junto con el túnel (25), tiene la función de aligerar el peso del bloque. Enseguida se describirá una segunda modalidad del bloque ensamblable, el cual ha sido modificado en algunas de sus características para hacerlo más ligero, consiguiendo importantes mejoras en su manejo, colocación y ahorro en el material requerido para su elaboración. El bloque ensamblable aligerado para la construcción de muros se caracteriza por tener una forma de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por tres elementos integrados entre sí con una función diferente cada uno de ellos.Under the base (22) of the concavity (18), there is a gap along the block in its central part, from one front face of the assembled block to the other forming a tunnel (25) in the length of the block. This tunnel (25) has the function of allowing the easy incorporation of electrical or pipe installations into the wall once built. Likewise, in the lower base, between the protuberances (17) there are holes (26) that connect with the tunnel (25), whose function is to house the mortar that moves when compressed by the pressure produced by a block to be stacked on a course, also together with the tunnel (25), has the function of lightening the weight of the block. Next, a second modality of the assembled block will be described, which has been modified in some of its characteristics to make it lighter, achieving important improvements in its handling, placement and saving in the material required for its elaboration. The lightened assembled block for the construction of walls is characterized by having a rectangular prism shape consisting basically of three elements integrated with each other with a different function each.
El bloque ensamblable aligerado es una combinación de características del bloque ensamblable y el bloque de desplante descritos anteriormente. Básicamente es un bloque ensamblable, que no tiene el túnel (25) y sólo tiene dos protuberancias (17), una en cada extremo del bloque ensamblable aligerado. El prisma trapezoidal que conforma la concavidad (18) del bloque se sustituyen por prismas rectangulares, de modo que los costados de este prisma no presentan inclinaciones, pero conservan la diferencia de longitudes de los lados, de modo que el espacio (19) formado al ensamblar un bloque sobre otro se conserva. El túnel (25), la protuberancia (17) central y los huecos (26) son sustituidos por una concavidad (28) limitada en sus extremos y parte inferior por las protuberancias (17) de los extremos del bloque, y en su parte central y superior por la base (22) de la concavidad (18). La concavidad (28) le da ligereza al bloque y puede ser en forma de prisma trapezoidal o bien en forma de arco ya que ambos diseños le proporcionan la resistencia requerida.The lightened assembled block is a combination of features of the assembled block and the displacer block described above. It is basically an assembled block, which does not have the tunnel (25) and only has two protuberances (17), one at each end of the lightened assembled block. The trapezoidal prism that makes up the concavity (18) of the block is replaced by rectangular prisms, so that the sides of this prism do not have inclinations, but retain the difference in lengths of the sides, so that the space (19) formed at assembling one block over another is preserved. The tunnel (25), the central protuberance (17) and the gaps (26) are replaced by a concavity (28) limited at its ends and bottom by the protuberances (17) of the ends of the block, and in its central part and superior by the base (22) of the concavity (18). The concavity (28) gives the block lightness and can be in the form of a trapezoidal prism or in the form of an arc since both designs provide the required strength.
Las superficies frontales (29) del bloque están hundidas con respecto a las superficies de contacto vertical (20) de manera que al unir dos bloques, se forma un espacio (29) entre estos, permitiendo alojar mortero para pegar dos bloques contiguos, quedando oculta la boquilla vertical. El bloque ensamblable aligerado para la construcción de muros puede presentar alguna variación en la forma de la cavidad (28) que bien pudiera ser en forma de prisma trapezoidal, de arco o de cualquier otra forma cuya función sea la de aligerar el elemento central. El bloque ensamblable aligerado puede ser elaborado de cualquier material como: arcillas, cemento arena, arenas con hule proveniente de llantas de desecho y cemento, y cualquier otro material conocido o por conocer, de igual manera la combinación de estos mismos.The front surfaces (29) of the block are sunk with respect to the vertical contact surfaces (20) so that by joining two blocks, a space (29) is formed between them, allowing mortar to be glued to stick two adjacent blocks, being hidden the vertical nozzle The lightened assembled block for the construction of walls may have some variation in the shape of the cavity (28) that could well be in the form of a trapezoidal, arc or any other shape whose function is to lighten the central element. The lightened assembled block can be made of any material such as clays, sand cement, sand with rubber from waste tires and cement, and any other material known or to be known, in the same way the combination of these.
El bloque ensamblable aligerado para la construcción puede ser fraguado, horneado y secado. La presentación del acabado exterior puede ser de acuerdo al molde o bien tener una textura diferente. The lightened assembled building block can be set, baked and dried. The presentation of the exterior finish can be according to the mold or have a different texture.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
Habiendo descrito suficiente mi invención, considero como una novedad y por lo tanto reclamo como de mi exclusiva propiedad, lo contenido en las siguientes cláusulas: 1. Sistema para la construcción de muros por medio de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables y de desplante que tienen una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente caracterizado porque dos de los elementos del bloque de desplante son prismas rectangulares (1) y se ubican paralelos entre sí en la parte exterior del bloque separados por dos prismas trapezoidales (2) que se ubican en el interior del bloque; dichos prismas trapezoidales (2) están ubicados uno enfrente de otro, separados por un espacio o hueco (4) y los lados de cada uno de los prismas trapezoidales (2), están unidos a los prismas rectangulares (1); las bases superiores de los prismas rectangulares (1) están elevadas con respecto a las superficies superiores de los prismas trapezoidales (2) formando un canal (3) con la parte superior de cada prisma trapezoidal (2); en las superficies frontales de los prismas rectangulares se junta un bloque de desplante con otro, formando una unión (12); la superficie inferior de los prismas trapezoidales (2) tienen una pendiente (5) con respecto a la horizontal con un ángulo que se eleva desde los extremos externos de su superficie inferior hacia el hueco (4), sin llegar esta pendiente a la superficie superior de los prismas trapezoidales (2), formando de esta manera una cavidad (8) donde se aloja el mortero; 11 punto más bajo de la superficie inferior de los prismas trapezoidales (2) está ubicado en un nivel más alto con respecto a las bases inferiores de los prismas rectangulares (1) quedando un espacio que forma una ranura (6); la superficie frontal externa (7) de los prismas trapezoidales está hundida con respecto a la superficie frontal de los prismas rectangulares (1), formando una hendidura vertical (11) dentro de la unión de dos bloques de desplante contiguos; todos las superficies de los prismas trapezoidales (2), excepto las que están unidas a los prismas rectangulares (1), tienen un acabado estriado y rugoso.Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, the content of the following clauses: 1. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembling and sliding blocks that have a general form of rectangular prism basically composed of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function characterized in that two of the elements of the sliding block are rectangular prisms (1) and are located parallel each other on the outside of the block separated by two trapezoidal prisms (2) that are located inside the block; said trapezoidal prisms (2) are located opposite each other, separated by a space or gap (4) and the sides of each of the trapezoidal prisms (2), are attached to the rectangular prisms (1); the upper bases of the rectangular prisms (1) are elevated with respect to the upper surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2) forming a channel (3) with the upper part of each trapezoidal prism (2); on the front surfaces of the rectangular prisms a sliding block is joined with another, forming a joint (12); the lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) have a slope (5) with respect to the horizontal with an angle that rises from the outer ends of its lower surface towards the hollow (4), without reaching this slope to the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2), thus forming a cavity (8) where the mortar is housed; 11 lowest point of the lower surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2) is located at a higher level with with respect to the lower bases of the rectangular prisms (1) leaving a space that forms a groove (6); the external front surface (7) of the trapezoidal prisms is sunk with respect to the front surface of the rectangular prisms (1), forming a vertical groove (11) within the junction of two adjacent shifting blocks; All surfaces of the trapezoidal prisms (2), except those that are attached to the rectangular prisms (1), have a ribbed and rough finish.
2. Sistema para la construcción de muros por medio de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables y de desplante que tienen una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque la superficie de desplante (10) tiene puntas de varilla (14) ahogadas, las cuales coinciden con los huecos (4) de los bloques de desplante; la altura de estas varillas no rebasa la altura de la superficie superior de los prismas trapezoidales (2).2. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding surface (10) has drowned rod tips (14), which coincide with the gaps (4) of the sliding blocks; The height of these rods does not exceed the height of the upper surface of the trapezoidal prisms (2).
3. Sistema para la construcción de muros por medio de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables y de desplante que tienen una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, caracterizado porque el bloque de desplante para construcción puede presentar dos o más prismas trapezoidales (2) entre los prismas rectangulares (1) y la forma de los prismas trapezoidales (2) puede variar sin que se afecte su función. 3. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a a different function according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the building block can have two or more trapezoidal prisms (2) between the rectangular prisms (1) and the shape of the trapezoidal prisms (2) can vary without Your function is affected.
4. Sistema para la construcción de muros por medio de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables y de desplante que tienen una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el bloque ensamblable cuenta preferentemente con tres protuberancias (17) equidistantes entre si, distribuidas a lo largo de la parte central de la base inferior del bloque ensamblable, una en el centro y las otras dos en cada extremo del bloque ensamblable: las protuberancias (17) tienen la forma de un prisma trapezoidal, con su base mayor unida a la base inferior del bloque ensamblable; cuenta con una concavidad (18) también en forma de prisma trapezoidal, con su base mayor dispuesta a todo lo largo de la parte central de la superficie superior del bloque ensamblable y su base menor es el fondo de la concavidad (18) lo que forma un canal similar al canal (3) del bloque de desplante descrito anteriormente; el ángulo de inclinación de los lados de los prismas trapezoidales que forman la concavidad (18) y las protuberancias (17) es el mismo, de modo que al construirse el muro, las protuberancias (17) de un bloque ensamblable embonan en las concavidades (18) de los bloques ensamblables de la hilada inferior; las dos protuberancias (17) que se encuentran en los extremos del bloque ensamblable tienen en sus costados externos (17a) una inclinación hacia adentro para permitir que al unirse dos bloques ensamblables, el mortero rellene el espacio formado entre dichos bloques; los lados de la concavidad (18) son de longitud mayor que los lados de las protuberancias (17), dicha diferencia en longitud permite que al embonar las protuberancias (17) y concavidades (18) quede un espacio (19) entre las bases menores de las protuberancias (17) y cavidades (18), donde se aplicará el mortero antes de apilar un bloque sobre la hilada anterior; debajo de la base (22) de la concavidad (18), hay un hueco a lo largo del bloque en su parte central, desde una cara frontal del bloque ensamblable hasta la otra formando un túnel (25) en la longitud del bloque; en la base inferior, entre las protuberancias (17) hay unos huecos (26) que se conectan con el túnel (25).4. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape basically consisting of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembled block preferably has three protrusions (17) equidistant from each other, distributed along the central part of the bottom base of the assembled block, one in the center and the other two at each end of the assembled block: the protuberances (17) have the shape of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base attached to the bottom base of the assembled block; It has a concavity (18) also in the form of a trapezoidal prism, with its major base arranged all along the central part of the upper surface of the assembled block and its minor base is the bottom of the concavity (18) which forms a channel similar to channel (3) of the displacer block described above; the angle of inclination of the sides of the trapezoidal prisms that form the concavity (18) and the protuberances (17) is the same, so that when the wall is constructed, the protuberances (17) of an assembled block embed in the concavities ( 18) of the assembled blocks of the lower course; the two protuberances (17) found at the ends of the assembled block have on their outer sides (17a) an inward inclination to allow two assemblable blocks to join, the mortar fills the space formed between said blocks; the sides of the concavity (18) are of greater length than the sides of the protuberances (17), said difference in length allows the space (19) to fill in the protuberances (18) and concavities (18) between the minor bases of the protuberances (17) and cavities (18), where the mortar will be applied before stacking a block on the previous course; below the base (22) of the concavity (18), there is a gap along the block in its central part, from one front face of the assembled block to the other forming a tunnel (25) in the length of the block; at the bottom base, between the protuberances (17) there are holes (26) that connect to the tunnel (25).
5. Sistema para la construcción de muros por medio de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables y de desplante que tienen una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 y 4, caracterizado porque Las superficies frontales (29) del bloque están hundidas con respecto a las superficies de contacto vertical (20) de manera que al unir dos bloques, se forma un espacio (29) entre estos, permitiendo alojar mortero para pegar dos bloques contiguos, quedando oculta la boquilla vertical.5. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the front surfaces (29) of the block are sunk with respect to the vertical contact surfaces (20) so that when joining two blocks, a space (29) is formed between these, allowing to lodge mortar to glue two adjacent blocks, being hidden the vertical nozzle.
6. Sistema para la construcción de muros por medio de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables y de desplante que tienen una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 y 4, caracterizado porque el bloque ensamblable no tiene el túnel (25) y sólo tiene dos protuberancias (17), una en cada extremo del bloque ensamblable aligerado; tiene una concavidad (28) limitada en sus extremos y parte inferior por las protuberancias (17) de los extremos del bloque, y en su parte central y superior por la base (22) de la concavidad (18). 6. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the assembled block does not have the tunnel (25) and only has two protuberances (17), one at each end of the lightened assembled block; It has a concavity (28) limited at its ends and lower part by the protuberances (17) of the ends of the block, and at its central and upper part by the base (22) of the concavity (18).
7. Sistema para la construcción de muros por medio de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables y de desplante que tienen una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 y 4, caracterizado porque el bloque ensamblable aligerado para la construcción de muros puede presentar alguna variación en la forma de la cavidad (28) que bien pudiera ser en forma de prisma trapezoidal, de arco o de cualquier otra forma cuya función sea la de aligerar el elemento central. 7. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the lightened assembled block for the construction of walls can have some variation in the shape of the cavity (28) that could well be in the form of a trapezoidal, arc or any other prism another way whose function is to lighten the central element.
8. Sistema para la construcción de muros por medio de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables y de desplante que tienen una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, caracterizado porque en los extremos laterales de la cara frontal del bloque, que son las superficies de contacto vertical (20) entre bloques, hay una protuberancia (21) dispuesta verticalmente desde arriba hasta abajo; en la cara frontal opuesta del bloque hay una hendidura (21a) en la cara de contacto vertical (20a). Este conjunto de protuberancia (21) y hendidura (21a) forman las juntas verticales del muro, en las que la protuberancia (21) de un bloque ensamblable embona con la hendidura (21a) del bloque contiguo, sin la necesidad de usar mortero.8. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four elements integrated all of them in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at the lateral ends of the front face of the block, which are the surfaces of vertical contact (20) between blocks, there is a protuberance (21) arranged vertically from top to bottom; on the opposite front face of the block there is a slit (21a) in the vertical contact face (20a). This set of protuberance (21) and slit (21a) form the vertical joints of the wall, in which the protuberance (21) of an assembled block embeds with the slit (21a) of the adjacent block, without the need to use mortar.
9. Sistema para la construcción de muros por medio de un conjunto de bloques ensamblables y de desplante que tienen una forma general de prisma rectangular compuesto básicamente por cuatro elementos integrados todos ellos entre sí de tal forma que cada uno de ellos por su disposición tienen una función diferente de acuerdo a las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizado porque dentro del cuerpo del bloque en la base (22) de la concavidad (18), se aloja un refuerzo de varilla, que consiste en un par de postes (24) de varilla paralelos unidos perpendicularmente por los vértices de una pluralidad de varillas (23) en forma de "U"; el refuerzo de varilla está ubicado a lo largo de la parte superior del cuerpo del bloque con las puntas de las varillas en forma de "U" apuntando hacia las superficies de contacto superiores (15), y su función es dar resistencia a las cargas laterales que se pudieran producir en el muro. 9. System for the construction of walls by means of a set of assembled and sliding blocks that have a general rectangular prism shape consisting basically of four integrated elements all each other in such a way that each of them by their arrangement have a different function according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that within the body of the block at the base (22) of the concavity (18), a rod reinforcement, consisting of a pair of parallel rod posts (24) joined perpendicularly by the vertices of a plurality of "U" shaped rods; The rod reinforcement is located along the upper part of the block body with the tips of the "U" shaped rods pointing towards the upper contact surfaces (15), and its function is to give resistance to the lateral loads that could occur on the wall.
PCT/MX2009/000053 2008-07-30 2009-06-05 System of blocks for building walls WO2010013991A1 (en)

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MXMX/A/2008/009798 2008-07-30
MX2008009798A MX2008009798A (en) 2008-07-30 2008-07-30 System of blocks for building walls.
MX2008015851A MX2008015851A (en) 2008-11-28 2008-11-28 Light assemblable block for building walls.
MXMX/A/2008/015851 2008-11-28

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US9074362B1 (en) 2014-10-15 2015-07-07 Block Florida, LLC Construction blocks and systems
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US10583588B2 (en) 2013-06-21 2020-03-10 Pavestone, LLC Manufactured retaining wall block with improved false joint
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USD791346S1 (en) 2015-10-21 2017-07-04 Pavestone, LLC Interlocking paver
USD887024S1 (en) 2015-10-21 2020-06-09 Pavestone, LLC Interlocking paver

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