ES2216714B1 - HAND-BASE SUPPORT FOR LAWN SURFACES. - Google Patents
HAND-BASE SUPPORT FOR LAWN SURFACES.Info
- Publication number
- ES2216714B1 ES2216714B1 ES200300843A ES200300843A ES2216714B1 ES 2216714 B1 ES2216714 B1 ES 2216714B1 ES 200300843 A ES200300843 A ES 200300843A ES 200300843 A ES200300843 A ES 200300843A ES 2216714 B1 ES2216714 B1 ES 2216714B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- grass
- mantle
- organic
- vegetable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn - After Issue
Links
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A01G1/002—
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
- E01C13/083—Construction of grass-grown sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating arrangements therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
Manto-base de soporte para superficies de césped. El manto-base constituye una capa (1) a base de una mezcla de compots orgánico o vegetal (3) y gránulos de caucho (2), obtenidos éstos del reciclaje de los neumáticos de automoción, en un proceso de trituración o corte mecánico del mismo, como separación del caucho respecto del acero y lana. La capa (1) formada por esa mezcla de gránulos de caucho (2) y compots orgánico o vegetal (3), constituye el medio soporte sobre la que se siembra el césped (5) y sobre la que se esparce una fina capa de compost orgánico o vegetal (4), de manera que la superficie de éste que forma con la capa de compost (4) queda soportada sobre dicha capa o manto (1), encontrando especial aplicación en aquellos lugares e instalaciones en la que se practique deporte sobre césped, como pueden ser campos de fútbol, golf, parques y similares.Support base for grass surfaces. The mantle-base constitutes a layer (1) based on a mixture of organic or vegetable compots (3) and rubber granules (2), obtained from the recycling of automotive tires, in a process of crushing or mechanical cutting of the same, as separation of rubber from steel and wool. The layer (1) formed by that mixture of rubber granules (2) and organic or vegetable compots (3), constitutes the support medium on which the grass is planted (5) and on which a thin layer of compost is spread organic or vegetable (4), so that the surface of the latter that forms with the compost layer (4) is supported on said layer or mantle (1), finding special application in those places and facilities where sport is practiced on grass, such as soccer fields, golf, parks and the like.
Description
Manto-base de soporte para superficies de césped.Mantle-support base for grass surfaces.
La presente invención se refiere a un manto-base de soporte para superficies de césped, y más concretamente a una capa obtenida a base de una mezcla de compots orgánico o vegetal y gránulos de caucho, obtenidos éstos en el reciclaje de neumáticos de automoción y del caucho, en donde el manto-base se aplica como una capa sobre el terreno debidamente acondicionado, y sobre esa capa de manto-base se siembra el césped sobre el que se esparce una fina capa de compost orgánico o vegetal y todo ello compactado mediante el paso de rodillos, con lo que el manto-base queda debajo del césped y constituye un medio amortiguador de fuerzas, golpes y caídas, reduciendo considerablemente la compactación del suelo y proporcionando un mejor drenaje del césped.The present invention relates to a base support for grass surfaces, and more specifically to a layer obtained based on a mixture of organic or vegetable compots and rubber granules, these obtained in the recycling of automotive tires and rubber, where the base-mantle is applied as a layer on the ground properly conditioned, and on that layer of mantle-base the grass is planted on which spread a thin layer of organic or vegetable compost and all compacted by the passage of rollers, so that the base-mantle is under the grass and constitutes a medium shock absorber, shock and falls, reducing considerably soil compaction and providing a better grass drainage.
El objeto de la invención es proporcionar un manto-base, en el que interviene como componente fundamental el caucho obtenido en el reciclaje de neumáticos y de otros objetos, encontrando especial aplicación en los lugares en los que se practica deportes sobre césped, como pueden ser campos de deportes (fútbol, rugby, golf), parques y lugares afines.The object of the invention is to provide a mantle-base, in which it intervenes as a component fundamental the rubber obtained in the recycling of tires and of other objects, finding special application in places in those who practice sports on grass, such as sports (football, rugby, golf), parks and related places.
Los campos o lugares de césped para la práctica de deportes, requieren unos cuidados, medios y elementos para mantener el césped en perfectas condiciones, siempre en un intento de amortiguar las fuerzas, caídas y golpes y evitar con ello graves lesiones para los deportistas.Fields or turf places for practice of sports, they require some care, means and elements to keep the lawn in perfect condition, always in an attempt to dampen forces, falls and blows and thereby avoid serious injuries for athletes.
Concretamente uno de los cuidados más importantes es evitar la compactación excesiva del suelo, de ahí la utilización del césped en instalaciones deportivas, cuya finalidad no es otra que la de evitar un terreno excesivamente duro.Specifically one of the most important care is to avoid excessive soil compaction, hence the use of turf in sports facilities, whose purpose is not other than to avoid excessively hard terrain.
Evidentemente, todos los cuidados, medios y elementos requeridos para mantener el césped en óptimas condiciones, supone un coste de mantenimiento muy elevado, ya que el riego, como una de las premisas a realizar para mantener el césped en buenas condiciones, supone un gasto de agua, unas instalaciones y además requiere una cantidad precisa de agua, ya que la finalidad del riego es que el césped se mantenga perfectamente arraigado y producir un reblandecimiento del suelo en el que se va a practicar el deporte. Como es lógico, un exceso de agua puede hacer el efecto contrario al deseado, debido a que puede ser demasiado resbaladizo o producir un encharcamiento del césped y una compactación excesiva después de secarse.Obviously, all the care, means and elements required to keep the lawn in optimum conditions, it implies a very high maintenance cost, since irrigation, as one of the premises to be carried out to maintain the lawn in good condition, it means a waste of water, some facilities and also requires a precise amount of water, since the purpose of irrigation is that the lawn is perfectly maintained rooted and produce a softening of the ground on which it goes To practice the sport. Naturally, excess water can make the opposite effect to the desired one, because it can be too slippery or produce a lawn waterlogging and a excessive compaction after drying.
También se llevan a cabo cuidados del césped en base a una aireación del mismo, aunque éste método presenta el inconveniente de que no se puede realizar a menudo ya que ello lleva consigo una debilitación de las raíces del césped y la desunión de éste con el sustrato.Lawn care is also carried out in based on its aeration, although this method presents the inconvenience that cannot be done often since carries with it a weakening of the roots of the lawn and the disunity of the latter with the substrate.
Se intenta mantener un césped en óptimas condiciones, en determinados lugares o instalaciones deportivas, como son los campos de fútbol, rugby y similares, a base de situar una capa o manto de arena para ofrecer un gran drenaje y aireación, aunque este sistema requiere de un clima benigno, ya que de lo contrario el césped al ser utilizado se debilita y se produce el desarraigo del mismo, ya que la capa de arena no ofrece la compactación suficiente como para mantener el arraigado seguro del césped, cuando éste es pisado y se ve sometido al uso de los deportistas.You try to keep a lawn in optimum conditions, in certain places or sports facilities, such as football, rugby and similar fields, based on locating a layer or layer of sand to offer great drainage and aeration, although this system requires a benign climate, since On the contrary, when the grass is used it weakens and the uprooting it, since the sand layer does not offer the sufficient compaction to keep the rooted secure of the grass, when it is stepped on and is subjected to the use of athletes.
El manto que se preconiza, ha sido concebido para resolver la problemática anteriormente expuesta, ya el mismo va a constituir una capa bajo la superficie del césped, que no solamente va a determinar un medio de amortiguación para las fuerzas, golpes y caídas, sino que además va a suponer un medio que permite un óptimo drenaje del césped, favoreciendo un crecimiento mayor y más profundo de las raíces, con densidades de césped mayores y por lo tanto más resistente al tráfico del pie, y a su vez va a verse reducida considerablemente la compactación del suelo, que es otra de las condiciones que se requiere en las superficies de césped donde se desarrollan deportes, tales como fútbol, golf, etc.The mantle that is recommended has been conceived to solve the problem described above, and it will constitute a layer under the surface of the lawn, which not only will determine a means of damping for forces, blows and falls, but it will also mean a means that allows a optimum turf drainage, favoring greater and more growth deep in the roots, with higher grass densities and so much more resistant to foot traffic, and in turn will look considerably reduced soil compaction, which is another of the conditions that are required on turf surfaces where sports are developed, such as soccer, golf, etc.
Más concretamente, el manto de la invención se basa en la composición de una mezcla de compots orgánicos o vegetales y gránulos de caucho, obtenidos éstos del reciclaje de neumáticos de automoción y del caucho, obteniéndose en ese reciclaje y mediante sistemas mecánicos, el desmenuzado del caucho para obtener piezas de mínimo tamaño conocidas como granalla, todo ello de manera tal que el manto en cuestión, es decir la mezcla de los gránulos de caucho y el compots formarán una capa debajo del césped, que reducirá el mantenimiento, el consumo de agua, de fertilizantes, favoreciendo el drenaje del césped, además de constituir un medio amortiguador, traduciéndose en una superficie deportiva más segura.More specifically, the mantle of the invention is based on the composition of a mixture of organic compots or vegetable and rubber granules, obtained from the recycling of automotive and rubber tires, obtained in that recycling and by mechanical systems, the shredding of rubber to get pieces of minimum size known as shot, all this in such a way that the mantle in question, that is the mixture of the rubber granules and the compots will form a layer under the grass, which will reduce maintenance, water consumption, of fertilizers, favoring the drainage of the lawn, in addition to constitute a damping medium, resulting in a surface Safer sports.
En la aplicación del manto-base referido, cuya mezcla de compots orgánico o vegetal y caucho granulado será variable, en función del grado de amortiguación que se desee conseguir, se requiere remover el sustrato para facilitar el agarre, y sobre ese sustrato removido se esparce la mezcla o manto de caucho y compots orgánico, quedando una capa uniforme y compactada sobre la que se siembra el césped y sobre éste se esparce una capa de compost orgánico o vegetal para igualar y compactar, quedando el manto de la invención debajo del césped, con ventajas como las ya referidas y que pueden resumirse en las siguientes:In the application of the mantle-base referred, whose mixture of organic or vegetable compots and rubber granulate will be variable, depending on the degree of damping that it is desired to achieve, it is required to remove the substrate to facilitate the grip, and on that removed substrate the mixture is spread or organic rubber and compots mantle, leaving a uniform layer and compacted on which the grass is planted and on it is spread a layer of organic or vegetable compost to match and compact, keeping the mantle of the invention under the grass, with advantages such as those already mentioned and that can be summarized in the following:
- --
- Reutilización o reciclaje de un material como es el caucho, sin que en el proceso de transformación se produzcan emisiones de humos contaminantes al medio ambiente, ya que el proceso se basa en la trituración o corte mecánico del caucho o goma en un proceso puramente mecánico donde los productos resultantes son de alta calidad y limpios de todo tipo de impurezas, puesto que se separan los productos del neumático como son el caucho, acero y lana, facilitando la utilización de estos materiales y nuevas aplicaciones.Reuse or recycling of a material as is the rubber, without in the transformation process produce emissions of polluting fumes to the environment, and that the process is based on the crushing or mechanical cutting of the rubber or rubber in a purely mechanical process where products resulting are of high quality and clean of all kinds of impurities, since the products of the tire are separated as they are rubber, steel and wool, facilitating the use of these Materials and new applications.
- --
- Gran rapidez y facilidad de enlace del manto de la invención con los suelos o sustratos nativos, lo que se traduce en un suelo resistente.Great speed and ease of linking the mantle of the invention with the native soils or substrates, which translates into a soil resistant.
- --
- Reducción considerable de la compactación del suelo.Considerable reduction of the soil compaction.
- --
- Aumenta el poder de drenaje del césped.Increase the drainage power of the grass.
- --
- Favorece un crecimiento mayor y más profundo de las raíces, con densidades mayores del césped, resultando éste resistente al tráfico del pie.It favors greater growth and more deep in the roots, with higher densities of the grass, It is resistant to foot traffic.
- --
- Reducción considerable del mantenimiento, consumo de agua y fertilizantes en los cuidados del césped.Considerable reduction of maintenance, consumption of water and fertilizers in the care of grass.
- --
- Amortiguador de fuerzas, golpes y caídas, lo que se traduce en que la superficie del césped sembrada sobre el manto se convierte en una superficie deportiva más segura.Shock absorber of forces, blows and falls, which means that the surface of the grass planted on the mantle becomes a sport surface more safe.
- --
- Duración del manto muy superior a la que ofrecen otro tipo de capas que se sitúan actualmente bajo el césped.Mantle duration much longer than they offer other types of layers that are currently placed under the grass.
Para complementar la descripción que se está
realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las
características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente
de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte
integrante de dicha
descripción, una hoja única de planos
donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo se ha representado un
detalle en sección de una plantación de césped utilizando como base
de soporte el manto de la
invención.To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, it is accompanied as an integral part of said
description, a single sheet of plans where an illustrative and non-limiting character has shown a sectional detail of a lawn plantation using as a support base the mantle of the
invention.
Como se puede ver en la figura referida, el manto de la invención constituye una capa (1) que se dispone sobre un sustrato debidamente removido, manto que está formado por una mezcla de gránulo de caucho (2) y compots orgánico o vegetal (3), de manera que este manto o capa va a servir de soporte sobre la que se siembra el césped (5) y sobre éste se esparce una fina capa de compost orgánico o vegetal (4).As you can see in the referred figure, the mantle of the invention constitutes a layer (1) that is arranged on a properly removed substrate, mantle that is formed by a mixture of rubber granule (2) and organic or vegetable compots (3), so that this mantle or layer will serve as a support on which the lawn (5) is sown and on it a thin layer of organic or vegetable compost (4).
De esta manera se puede conseguir una superficie de césped cuyo mantenimiento requiere menos cuidados y resulta además más resistente y fortalecido que las superficies de césped convencionales, ya que la capa (1) que constituye el manto de caucho (2) y compots orgánico o vegetal (3 y 4), forman una base soporte amortiguador que no solamente posibilita un fácil drenaje del césped, sino que además favorece el crecimiento más profundo de las raíces, por lo que el césped (5) en cuestión resultará más resistente. En definitiva, mediante la utilización del manto a base de la mezcla de gránulos de caucho (2) y compots orgánico o vegetal (3 y 4), se consiguen suelos más blandos que los convencionales, resultando de especial aplicación en lugares donde se practican deportes sobre césped, como son los campos de deporte, campos de golf, parques, etc.This way you can get a surface of grass whose maintenance requires less care and results also more resistant and strengthened than grass surfaces conventional, since the layer (1) that constitutes the mantle of rubber (2) and organic or vegetable compots (3 and 4), form a base shock absorber support that not only allows easy drainage of grass, but also favors the deepest growth of the roots, so the lawn (5) in question will be more resistant. In short, by using the base coat of the mixture of rubber granules (2) and organic or vegetable compots (3 and 4), softer soils than conventional ones are achieved, resulting from special application in places where they are practiced grass sports, such as sports fields, golf, parks, etc.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200300843A ES2216714B1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2003-04-09 | HAND-BASE SUPPORT FOR LAWN SURFACES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200300843A ES2216714B1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2003-04-09 | HAND-BASE SUPPORT FOR LAWN SURFACES. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2216714A1 ES2216714A1 (en) | 2004-10-16 |
| ES2216714B1 true ES2216714B1 (en) | 2005-12-16 |
Family
ID=33186144
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200300843A Withdrawn - After Issue ES2216714B1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2003-04-09 | HAND-BASE SUPPORT FOR LAWN SURFACES. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2216714B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CL2008001704A1 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2008-10-24 | Alberto Gaete Casas Mario | METHOD OF CULTURE, CONSERVATION, MAINTENANCE AND INSTALLATION OF PRADO EXPRESS IN GREENHOUSES OR CLOSED ENCLOSURES THAT INCLUDE COVERING GREENHOUSE FLOOR WITH WATERPROOF SURFACE AND PLACE SEATS OF SAWDOWN, SPREAD SEEDS AND FERTILIZE |
| CN118140762A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2024-06-07 | 邵勇军 | Rotation method for grain and grass |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3313329A1 (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1984-10-18 | Balsam Sportstättenbau GmbH & Co. KG, 4803 Steinhagen | Ground covering for outdoor sports facilities |
| NL8501610A (en) * | 1985-06-04 | 1987-01-02 | Hollandsche Betongroep Nv | SPORTS FIELD. |
| DE3535432A1 (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-07-16 | Winkelmann Kurt | Sports ground flooring - with permanent elasticity by admixture of shredded rubber to lavalit layer |
| NL8602322A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-04-05 | Heijmans Wegenbouwmij | METHOD FOR APPLYING A SUBSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE FOR AN ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD AND ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD WITH SUCH A SUBSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE. |
| DE3723364A1 (en) * | 1987-07-15 | 1989-01-26 | Ruediger Lothar Von Di Reppert | Process for producing and applying carrier means for natural grass |
| NL8802671A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1990-06-01 | Heijmans Wegenbouwmij | SUBSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE FOR AN ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD AND ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD WITH SUCH A SUBSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE. |
| US5014462A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1991-05-14 | International Soil Systems, Inc. | Soil amendment with rubber particles |
| DE4030270A1 (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1992-03-26 | Roswitha Unterlaender | Sound-proofing wall unit - made of recycled waste materials, providing screening effect and reducing loading of ground water |
| GB2292150B (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1999-02-03 | Willow Tyres Ltd | Rubber strip material |
-
2003
- 2003-04-09 ES ES200300843A patent/ES2216714B1/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2216714A1 (en) | 2004-10-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ES2451536T3 (en) | Mixed grass | |
| US5014462A (en) | Soil amendment with rubber particles | |
| ES2401631B1 (en) | Mixed lawn system for sports floors and landscaped grounds and cultivation procedure of said mixed lawn | |
| US7943212B2 (en) | Mixed turf and method for its production | |
| ES2750589T3 (en) | Fiber-reinforced turf base coat and fiber manufacturing procedure | |
| JP6682490B2 (en) | Lawn planting structure | |
| Bulmer | Reclamation of forest soils with excavator tillage and organic amendments | |
| ES2216714B1 (en) | HAND-BASE SUPPORT FOR LAWN SURFACES. | |
| US20030177799A1 (en) | Method of applying waste rubber materials for construction of golf courses and athletic fields | |
| JP5246991B2 (en) | Pavement structure using diatom shale | |
| JP2006345825A5 (en) | ||
| US5509230A (en) | Lawn protecting method and elastic body for lawn protection | |
| Kaul | Afforestation of dune areas | |
| CN107690864A (en) | A kind of Permafrost Area saltant type restoration of degraded grassland method | |
| KR20060009068A (en) | A method of construction use be sloped protection of a road the edge | |
| Harrell et al. | Composted yard waste affects soil displacement and roadside vegetation | |
| JP3136617U (en) | Green pad support frame with greening turf laid in off-street parking lot | |
| WO2005002323A1 (en) | Grass growing superstrate and methods of use | |
| Jim | Urban trees in Hong Kong—benefits and constraints | |
| Bühler et al. | Establishment of urban trees. | |
| JP6186123B2 (en) | Tree planting structure | |
| JP2011043040A (en) | Greening pavement, greening panel, and frame body for the greening panel | |
| Gupta | Sand dunes and their stabilization | |
| Wood | Use of Energy‐Absorbing Materials to Permit Turf Growth in Heavily Trafficked Areas 1 | |
| US10472295B2 (en) | Composite material for enriching natural sports playing fields |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EC2A | Search report published |
Date of ref document: 20041016 Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| FG2A | Definitive protection |
Ref document number: 2216714B1 Country of ref document: ES |
|
| FA2A | Application withdrawn |
Effective date: 20060601 |