ES2108569T3 - Alineacion de dispositivos de cristal liquido. - Google Patents
Alineacion de dispositivos de cristal liquido.Info
- Publication number
- ES2108569T3 ES2108569T3 ES95907064T ES95907064T ES2108569T3 ES 2108569 T3 ES2108569 T3 ES 2108569T3 ES 95907064 T ES95907064 T ES 95907064T ES 95907064 T ES95907064 T ES 95907064T ES 2108569 T3 ES2108569 T3 ES 2108569T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- alignment
- liquid crystal
- crystal devices
- nematic liquid
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133765—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers without a surface treatment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
- G02F1/1397—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell the twist being substantially higher than 90°, e.g. STN-, SBE-, OMI-LC cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/30—Gray scale
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Abstract
UN DISPOSITIVO DE CRISTAL LIQUIDO DE TIPO NEMATICO ENTRELAZADO CONSTA DE DOS PAREDES CELULARES QUE INCLUYEN UNA CAPA DE UN MATERIAL DE CRISTAL LIQUIDO NEMATICO O DE LARGO PASO COLESTERICO. EL DISPOSITIVO TIENE UNA DIRECCION DE ALINEAMIENTO Y UNA SUPERFICIE INCLINADA PROPORCIONADA POR EL ALINEAMIENTO DE LA ESTRUCTURA DE ENCAJE ASIMETRICO EN UNA O AMBAS PAREDES. EL TRATAMIENTO DE ALINEAMIENTO PUEDE SER PROPORCIONADO POR UNA CAPA FORMADA DE MATERIAL FOTOLITOGRAFICO. ALTERNATIVAMENTE SE PUEDE PROPORCIONAR EL ALINEAMIENTO A PARTIR DE UN MATERIAL DE CAPA PORTANTE ESTAMPANDOLO, RAYANDOLO O TRASLADANDOLO. LA CANTIDAD DE TORSION PUEDE SER VARIABLE PERO DE ALREDEDOR DE 90 OSITIVO COLOCADO ENTRE DOS POLARIZADORES.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9402492A GB9402492D0 (en) | 1994-02-09 | 1994-02-09 | Liquid crystal device alignment |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2108569T3 true ES2108569T3 (es) | 1997-12-16 |
Family
ID=10750114
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES95907064T Expired - Lifetime ES2108569T3 (es) | 1994-02-09 | 1995-01-30 | Alineacion de dispositivos de cristal liquido. |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5764325A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0744042B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP3939341B2 (es) |
KR (1) | KR970701371A (es) |
CN (1) | CN1041241C (es) |
CA (1) | CA2182963A1 (es) |
DE (1) | DE69500923T2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2108569T3 (es) |
GB (3) | GB9402492D0 (es) |
MY (1) | MY111820A (es) |
SG (1) | SG47941A1 (es) |
TW (1) | TW373092B (es) |
WO (1) | WO1995022078A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9521106D0 (en) | 1995-10-16 | 1995-12-20 | Secr Defence | Bistable nematic liquid crystal device |
GB2314641A (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-07 | Sharp Kk | Liquid crystal devices |
GB2314640A (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-07 | Sharp Kk | Liquid crystal devices |
KR100238377B1 (ko) * | 1997-05-03 | 2000-01-15 | 김영환 | 광학배향장치 및 방법 |
JP4278297B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-08 | 2009-06-10 | ヒューレット・パッカード・カンパニー | 液晶装置の配向 |
KR100818193B1 (ko) | 2000-07-05 | 2008-04-01 | 롤리크 아게 | 네마틱 액정 전기광학 소자 및 장치 |
FR2829244B1 (fr) * | 2001-08-29 | 2004-09-10 | Nemoptic | Dispositif d'affichage bistable a cristal liquide nematique a masque optique perfectionne |
GB2382151A (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2003-05-21 | Hewlett Packard Co | Liquid crystal device and compositions |
EP2209027A1 (en) | 2002-02-13 | 2010-07-21 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Security marking comprising an anisotropic polymer film on a substrate with a structured surface |
DE60332784D1 (de) * | 2002-02-13 | 2010-07-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von einem anisotropen Polymerfilm auf einem Substrat mit einer strukturierten Oberfläche |
AU2003278314A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-05-04 | Zbd Displays Ltd. | Liquid crystal alignment layer |
EP2178079B1 (fr) | 2008-10-15 | 2014-07-30 | France Brevets | Procédé économique en énergie pour marquer une zone d'un écran à cristal liquide |
US10402133B2 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2019-09-03 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Image data processing controller, control method and storage medium |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS542580B2 (es) * | 1974-07-01 | 1979-02-09 | ||
US4256787A (en) * | 1978-05-03 | 1981-03-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Orientation of ordered liquids and their use in devices |
GB8318863D0 (en) * | 1983-07-12 | 1983-08-10 | Secr Defence | Thermochromic liquid crystal displays |
US4729640A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1988-03-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal light modulation device |
US4751509A (en) * | 1985-06-04 | 1988-06-14 | Nec Corporation | Light valve for use in a color display unit with a diffraction grating assembly included in the valve |
US4850682A (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1989-07-25 | Advanced Environmental Research Group | Diffraction grating structures |
JPH01238619A (ja) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-09-22 | Sharp Corp | 液晶セルの配向処理方法 |
-
1994
- 1994-02-09 GB GB9402492A patent/GB9402492D0/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-01-30 WO PCT/GB1995/000180 patent/WO1995022078A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-01-30 DE DE69500923T patent/DE69500923T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-30 KR KR1019960704459A patent/KR970701371A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-01-30 GB GB9616831A patent/GB2301448A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-01-30 CN CN95192461A patent/CN1041241C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-30 CA CA002182963A patent/CA2182963A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-30 US US08/693,092 patent/US5764325A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-30 JP JP52103495A patent/JP3939341B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-30 ES ES95907064T patent/ES2108569T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-30 EP EP95907064A patent/EP0744042B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-08 SG SG1996005578A patent/SG47941A1/en unknown
- 1995-02-08 GB GB9502458A patent/GB2286466A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-02-08 MY MYPI95000281A patent/MY111820A/en unknown
- 1995-03-16 TW TW084102508A patent/TW373092B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2286466A (en) | 1995-08-16 |
US5764325A (en) | 1998-06-09 |
SG47941A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
JPH09508717A (ja) | 1997-09-02 |
CN1145119A (zh) | 1997-03-12 |
EP0744042A1 (en) | 1996-11-27 |
GB9502458D0 (en) | 1995-03-29 |
DE69500923D1 (de) | 1997-11-27 |
CA2182963A1 (en) | 1995-08-17 |
GB2301448A (en) | 1996-12-04 |
GB9616831D0 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
MY111820A (en) | 2001-01-31 |
GB9402492D0 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
CN1041241C (zh) | 1998-12-16 |
DE69500923T2 (de) | 1998-03-05 |
JP3939341B2 (ja) | 2007-07-04 |
EP0744042B1 (en) | 1997-10-22 |
TW373092B (en) | 1999-11-01 |
KR970701371A (ko) | 1997-03-17 |
WO1995022078A1 (en) | 1995-08-17 |
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