ES2040999T3 - Metodo y aparato para la produccion y licuacion de gases. - Google Patents

Metodo y aparato para la produccion y licuacion de gases.

Info

Publication number
ES2040999T3
ES2040999T3 ES198989303072T ES89303072T ES2040999T3 ES 2040999 T3 ES2040999 T3 ES 2040999T3 ES 198989303072 T ES198989303072 T ES 198989303072T ES 89303072 T ES89303072 T ES 89303072T ES 2040999 T3 ES2040999 T3 ES 2040999T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
gases
flow
oxygen
gas
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES198989303072T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
E.Joseph Zeigler
W. Hermann Peterscheck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Waste Treatment Patents & Research Nv
Original Assignee
Waste Treatment Patents & Research Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Waste Treatment Patents & Research Nv filed Critical Waste Treatment Patents & Research Nv
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2040999T3 publication Critical patent/ES2040999T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/067—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0033—Other features
    • B01D5/0039—Recuperation of heat, e.g. use of heat pump(s), compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/0069—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with degasification or deaeration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
    • C02F11/08—Wet air oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
    • C02F11/08—Wet air oxidation
    • C02F11/083—Wet air oxidation using deep well reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/50—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/70—Flue or combustion exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
    • F25J2220/84—Separating high boiling, i.e. less volatile components, e.g. NOx, SOx, H2S
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/928—Recovery of carbon dioxide

Abstract

UN METODO PARA LICUACION DE GASES Y GASIFICACION DE OXIGENO LIQUIDO COMPRENDE LOS PASOS DE: GENERAR GAS POR REACCION DE OXIDACION HUMEDA; FLUIR EL GAS DENTRO DE UN CAMBIADOR DE CALOR, FLUIR EL OXIGENO LIQUIDO DENTRO DEL CAMBIADOR DE CALOR TAL QUE EL GAS Y EL OXIGENO LIQUIDO ESTAN EN RELACION DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR ENTRE SI; PERMITIR UNA SUFICIENTE CANTIDAD DE CALOR FLUIR DESDE EL GAS AL OXIGENO LIQUIDO TAL QUE EL GAS ES LICUADO PARA FORMAR UN PRODUCTO LIQUIDO, Y TAL QUE EL OXIGENO LIQUIDO ES CONVERTIDO A OXIGENO GASEOSO; FLUIR EL PRODUCTO LIQUIDO FUERA DEL CAMBIADOR DE CALOR; FLUIR EL OXIGENO GASEOSO FUERA DEL CAMBIADOR DE CALOR; Y USAR EL OXIGENO GASEOSO COMO UN OXIDANTE EN LA REACCION DE OXIDACION HUMEDA. UN APARATO QUE PRODUCE Y LICUA GASES, COMPRENDE: UN APARATO DE REACCION (10) PARA OXIDAR MATERIA ORGANICA EN UN MEDIO ACUOSO A ALTA TEMPERATURA Y PRESION, PARA SUSTANCIALMENTE OXIDAR LA MATERIA ORGANICA PRODUCIENDO UN EFLUENTE (14) QUE INCLUYE CENIZA, AGUA Y GASES; UN SEPARADOR (26)PARA RECIBIR EL EFLUENTE Y PARA SEPARAR LOS GASES (30) DEL EFLUENTE (14); MEDIOS PARA FLUIR EL EFLUENTE (14) DESDE EL APARATO DE REACCION (12) AL SEPARADOR; UN COMPRESOR (42) PARA RECIBIR LOS GASES (30) DESDE EL SEPARADOR (26) Y PARA COMPRIMIR LOS GASES (30) PARA PRODUCIR UNA PRESION DE GAS MAS GRANDE QUE LA PRESION A LA QUE LOS GASES ESTAN EN EL SEPARADOR (26); MEDIOS PARA FLUIR LOS GASES DESDE EL SEPARADOR (26) AL COMPRESOR (42); UN ENFRIADOR (50) PARA RECIBIR LOS GASES PRESURIZADOS DESDE EL COMPRESOR (42) Y PARA ENFRIAR LOS GASES PRESURIZADOS A UNA TEMPERATURA MENOR QUE LA TEMPERATURA DE LOS GASES EN DICHO COMPRESOR (42); MEDIOS PARA FLUIR LOS GASES PRESURIZADOS DESDE EL COMPRESOR (42) AL ENFRIADOR (50); MEDIOS DE SUMINISTRO (54) PARA CONTENER UN SUMINISTRO DE OXIGENO LIQUIDO; UN CAMBIADOR DE CALOR (62) PARA RECIBIR LOS GASES PRESURIZADOS DESDE EL ENFRIADOR (50) Y PARA RECIBIR EL OXIGENO LIQUIDO CONTEMPORANEO CON LOS GASES PRESURIZADOS, EL CAMBIADOR DE CALOR (62) TIENE MEDIOS PARA PEMITIR EL FLUJO SEPARADO DE LOS GASES PRESURIZADOS Y EL OXIGENO LIQUIDO A TRAVES DE ELLO, TAL QUE EL CALOR ES TRANSFERIDO DESDE LOS GASES AL OXIGENO LIQUIDO A UNA PROPORCION QUE LICUA LOS GASES PARA FORMAR UN PRODUCTO LIQUIDO (68) Y GASIFICA EL OXIGENO LIQUIDO; MEDIOS PARA FLUIR EL OXIGENO GASEOSO (22) AL APARATO DE REACCION (10) PARA USAR EN OXIDAR LA MATERIA ORGANICA; Y MEDIOS PARA FLUIR EL PRODUCTO LIQUIDO (68) DESDE EL CAMBIADOR DE CALOR (62).
ES198989303072T 1987-09-14 1989-03-29 Metodo y aparato para la produccion y licuacion de gases. Expired - Lifetime ES2040999T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/095,987 US4822394A (en) 1987-09-14 1987-09-14 Method and apparatus for the production and liquefaction of gases

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2040999T3 true ES2040999T3 (es) 1993-11-01

Family

ID=22254513

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES198989303072T Expired - Lifetime ES2040999T3 (es) 1987-09-14 1989-03-29 Metodo y aparato para la produccion y licuacion de gases.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4822394A (es)
EP (1) EP0389698B1 (es)
DE (1) DE68906883T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2040999T3 (es)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4891139A (en) * 1987-09-14 1990-01-02 Zeigler Joseph E Method for wet oxidation treatment
AU2436192A (en) * 1991-08-09 1993-03-02 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System High temperature wet oxidation using sintered separators
US5770174A (en) * 1992-04-16 1998-06-23 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Method for controlling reaction temperature
US5582715A (en) * 1992-04-16 1996-12-10 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Supercritical oxidation apparatus for treating water with side injection ports
US5358646A (en) * 1993-01-11 1994-10-25 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Method and apparatus for multiple-stage and recycle wet oxidation
US5591415A (en) * 1994-01-27 1997-01-07 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Reactor for supercritical water oxidation of waste
US5552039A (en) * 1994-07-13 1996-09-03 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Turbulent flow cold-wall reactor
US5620606A (en) 1994-08-01 1997-04-15 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for reacting oxidizable matter with particles
US5551472A (en) 1994-08-01 1996-09-03 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Pressure reduction system and method
US5755974A (en) 1994-08-01 1998-05-26 Rpc Waste Management Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for reacting oxidizable matter with a salt
DE19531842A1 (de) * 1995-08-29 1997-04-30 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren zur Verringerung von Rauchgas bei Verbrennungsprozessen
US5785868A (en) * 1995-09-11 1998-07-28 Board Of Regents, Univ. Of Texas System Method for selective separation of products at hydrothermal conditions
US6017460A (en) 1996-06-07 2000-01-25 Chematur Engineering Ab Heating and reaction system and method using recycle reactor
US5979440A (en) * 1997-06-16 1999-11-09 Sequal Technologies, Inc. Methods and apparatus to generate liquid ambulatory oxygen from an oxygen concentrator
EP1051587A4 (en) * 1998-01-08 2002-08-21 Satish Reddy SEPARATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY SELF-COOLING
US6121179A (en) * 1998-01-08 2000-09-19 Chematur Engineering Ab Supercritical treatment of adsorbent materials
US6171509B1 (en) 1998-06-12 2001-01-09 Chematur Engineering Ab Method and apparatus for treating salt streams
US20080098769A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-05-01 Min-Ching Huang Method for retarding greenhouse afect
BRMU8701289U2 (pt) * 2007-07-11 2009-02-25 Ivane Rodrigues De Souza aparelho para produzir biocarvço
CN101893367B (zh) * 2010-08-13 2012-02-01 唐建峰 一种利用混合制冷剂液化天然气的方法

Family Cites Families (4)

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US4272383A (en) * 1978-03-17 1981-06-09 Mcgrew Jay Lininger Method and apparatus for effecting subsurface, controlled, accelerated chemical reactions
CH649071A5 (it) * 1978-11-13 1985-04-30 Giuseppe Galassi Ossidazione ad umido di inquinanti mediante ossigeno liquido.
US4704146A (en) * 1986-07-31 1987-11-03 Kryos Energy Inc. Liquid carbon dioxide recovery from gas mixtures with methane
US4744908A (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-05-17 Vertech Treatment Systems, Inc. Process for effecting chemical reactions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68906883T2 (de) 1994-01-20
DE68906883D1 (de) 1993-07-08
EP0389698B1 (en) 1993-06-02
US4822394A (en) 1989-04-18
EP0389698A1 (en) 1990-10-03

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