ES1304502U - CONSTRUCTION PART FOR LOADING WALLS AND ENCLOSURES (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Constructive piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures, of the type that comprise a prismatic shape with holes in an extrusion direction, materialized in ceramic or concrete, with some smaller perimeter holes (2), two larger interior holes (3). , and a central partition (4) that is separating the two interior spaces (3) and that is defined by two parallel rows (5) of smaller central spaces (6); characterized in that it comprises complementary tongue and groove grooves (100) on its two smaller lateral faces (7). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

CONSTRUCTION PART FOR LOADING WALLS AND ENCLOSURES

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to a construction piece, such as a brick or a construction block, that allows the construction of load-bearing walls and that can also be used for enclosures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, some construction pieces are known for load-bearing walls and/or enclosures, fundamentally solid or perforated bricks and concrete or ceramic blocks, which comprise a prismatic shape with vertical holes in an extrusion direction.

For both bricks and concrete or ceramic blocks, their segmentation into smaller pieces for finishing and changes of direction is expensive, often requiring the use of machinery (radials or cutting tables) and generating a large amount of noise and dust. In the case of some ceramic blocks, they have special pieces to make these finishes, but they are much more expensive and there are cases in which they still have to be cut. In the case of concrete blocks, they are also much heavier.

To correct these drawbacks, the applicant is the holder of the utility model ES1299054, which describes a construction piece for load-bearing walls and enclosures, prismatic in shape with holes in an extrusion direction, materialized in ceramic or concrete, with minor perimeter holes, two larger interior openings, and a central partition that is separating the two interior openings and is defined by two parallel rows of smaller central openings.

This piece provides considerable advantages over the previously existing pieces, since it is a piece with a density approximately between 10% and 20% lower than the rest of the hollow ceramic bricks or ceramic blocks, and between 30% and 40% lower. smaller than vibrated concrete blocks, which makes it one of the lightest pieces on the market, making it easier to handle and generating less fatigue for the applicator; and also presents the following advantages:

-Speeds up its placement. This faster execution speed makes the construction of the wall more economical.

-Reduces the amount of mortar for placement.

-Its geometry and the distribution of holes allows it to be divided into pieces of different sizes in a manual and controlled manner, without using machinery and thus avoiding producing brick dust, making it more ecological.

-By having larger interior openings and a lower mass, a proportionally greater resistance is achieved, so load-bearing walls of a thinner thickness are achieved, thus gaining useful surface area of the interior space (many load-bearing walls have a minimum thickness of 20 cm, and with the piece of the invention it can be reduced up to 16.5 cm depending on your requests)

-These two large interior spaces are located so that when turning, the walls continue to coincide in the courses, allowing the reinforcement and filling of concrete in the necessary areas and in this way reinforcing the weak points of the wall and better absorbing the horizontal forces. In this way, pilasters and lintels of different sections can also be made on site without special pieces, maintaining the exact proportions of the wall and breaking the thermal bridge involved in making them only from reinforced concrete. In this way, again thanks to the design of the piece, greater resistance is achieved and the thermal insulation of the wall and its components is improved, turning it into a more ecological brick/ceramic block.

-It allows you to make walls, and at the same time serves to make lintels on site, also maintaining a double thermal bridge break.

-Allows interior voids to be assembled and concreted, providing improved load-bearing function.

However, when aligning the block assemblies, manufacturing is required by officials who are capable of plumb and correctly determine the position of the pieces in the courses, a problem that is corrected with the piece of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The construction piece for load-bearing walls and enclosures of the invention is of the type that comprises a prismatic shape with holes in an extrusion direction, and is made of ceramic or concrete, with smaller perimeter holes, two larger interior holes, and a central partition that is separating the two interior spaces and which is defined by two parallel rows of smaller central holes, which according to the invention, comprises complementary tongue and groove joints (that is, which are attachable to each other in the adjacent placement of two pieces) on its two smaller lateral faces.

In this way, it is possible to make walls without vertical joints, and there is also a saving in the gripping material, which makes the construction of the walls more economical and more ecological. It also improves its thermal insulation compared to the previous version and, if the block is left exposed (uncoated), a new horizontal strip aesthetic is achieved, maintaining the advantage that the larger holes allow them to be reinforced and filled with concrete, increasing their resistance and its structural function possibilities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows a view of the construction part of the invention.

Figure 2 shows a view of the piece of Figure 1 segmented by its medial plane.

Figure 3 shows a view of a wall, made with construction pieces of the invention, with an assembly and concreting of a vertical hole formed by the vertical alignment of larger holes of several pieces, forming a pilaster integrated into the wall.

Figure 4 shows a view of a structural lattice made with construction parts of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF A PRACTICAL EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The construction piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures of the invention is of the type that comprises a prismatic shape with holes in an extrusion direction, materialized in ceramic or concrete, with minor perimeter holes (2), two interior holes ( 3) larger, and a central partition (4) that is separating the two interior spaces (3) and that is defined by two parallel rows (5) of smaller central spaces (6), and that according to the invention comprises some complementary tongue and groove joints (100) on its two smaller lateral faces (7).

Preferably, the tongue and groove joints (100) comprise protrusions (101) and recesses (102) in the extrusion direction, which allows that adjacent pieces may not coincide exactly in height in a course or in a construction finish.

For the rest, the part can implement the characteristics described in the preceding utility model ES1299054: the central minor holes (6) can have the same or similar dimensions as the peripheral minor holes (2) and the interior holes (3) can be symmetrical, so that, if the piece is segmented symmetrically along its medial plane, two segments (10, 10') are defined (see Fig. 2), each with a tongue and groove (100), to finish courses with the blocks at the same time. quincunx; The distance (d) between each parallel row (5) of the central partition (4) to the smaller opposite side of the piece can be equal to the width of the block, in external magnitudes, and even its height can be equal to its width, since In this way the piece forms approximately two cubes, which allows it to be rotated 90° in both directions and maintain the proportion of the wall, allowing the creation of double interlocking walls of double thickness connected to each other without connectors, or the creation of on-site lintels of different sections. and resistances without special pieces, and maintaining the exact proportions of the wall, allowing ventilation or design gaps while maintaining the same section of the wall, or even making entire structural lattices or integrated into the wall panel, avoiding having to manufacture special pieces; and with a single piece you can make the corners and modulate the window or door openings in the walls, which makes them more economical, or integrate pilasters (105) into the wall by placing reinforcements (106) and filling with concrete (107) in vertical alignments of larger holes, as seen in fig. 3.

Likewise, it is preferred that the exterior dimensions for the piece be 19.5 centimeters wide and 40 centimeters long and 19.5 centimeters high.

As for the central partition (4), it may also comprise connecting portions or keys (40) between its two parallel rows (5) of smaller central gaps (6), to brace them when working with the unsegmented piece.

Once the nature of the invention has been sufficiently described, as well as the way it is carried out in practice, it should be noted that the provisions previously indicated and represented in the attached drawings are susceptible to detailed modifications as long as they do not alter the fundamental principle.

Claims (8)

1. - Constructive piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures, of the type that comprise a prismatic shape with holes in an extrusion direction, materialized in ceramic or concrete, with some minor perimeter holes (2), two interior holes (3) larger ones, and a central partition (4) that is separating the two interior spaces (3) and that is defined by two parallel rows (5) of smaller central spaces (6); characterized in that it comprises complementary tongue and groove grooves (100) on its two smaller lateral faces (7). 2. -Constructive piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures according to claim 1, where the tongue and groove joints (100) comprise protrusions (101) and recesses (102) in the extrusion direction. 3. -Constructive piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures according to any of the previous claims, where the minor central voids (6) have the same dimensions as the minor perimeter voids (2). 4. - Constructive piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures according to any of the previous claims, where the interior spaces (3) are symmetrical. 5. - Constructive piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures according to any of the previous claims, where the distance (d) between each parallel row (5) of the central partition (4) to the smaller opposite side of the piece is equal to the width of the block, in external magnitudes. 6. - Constructive piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures according to any of the previous claims, where its height is equal to its width. 7. - Constructive piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures according to claim 6, which has exterior dimensions of 19.5 centimeters wide and 40 centimeters long and 19.5 centimeters high. 8. - Constructive piece (1) for load-bearing walls and enclosures according to any of the previous claims, where the central partition (4) comprises connecting portions (40) between its two parallel rows.