EP4689246A1 - Elektrogesponnenes siliconelastomervlies - Google Patents
Elektrogesponnenes siliconelastomervliesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4689246A1 EP4689246A1 EP23718727.3A EP23718727A EP4689246A1 EP 4689246 A1 EP4689246 A1 EP 4689246A1 EP 23718727 A EP23718727 A EP 23718727A EP 4689246 A1 EP4689246 A1 EP 4689246A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radicals
- electrospinning
- radical
- iii
- silicone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/04—Filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to silicone elastomer-based electrospinning solution and its use for producing nonwovens by electrospinning.
- Electrospinning is a process known in the art for producing nonwovens with controllable fiber diameters from a few micrometers to a few nanometers.
- a polymer melt, solution or dispersion is spun into a sub-micrometer-thin fiber in a strong electric field (approx. 10 - 50 kV) between the spinneret (capillary) and the collector and deposited as a nonwoven on a substrate.
- the throughput of the method can be achieved by simply numbering up the nozzles. Details of the electrospinning process are described, for example, in A. Greiner et al. Angew. Chem. 2007, 119, 5770-5805.
- polymer classes There are also a large number of examples of which polymer classes have already been used in the electrospinning process.
- thermoplastics are used for electrospinning as a melt or dissolved in a suitable solvent as a solution.
- Electrospun fleeces are used for filtration, for example in respiratory masks for occupational and infection protection, as well as in room air purification devices, in which the contaminated air is sucked into a container through an air inlet opening by means of a fan and passed through a series of filters.
- Fiber fleeces with fiber diameters of a few micrometers to a few nanometers are particularly suitable for use as filter media. suitable because they are characterized by a low pressure drop and a high filtration efficiency of the filter medium.
- the filter effect is based, among other things, on the large specific surface area of the nanofibers, the lower pressure drop and thus breathing resistance on the high porosity of the corresponding fiber fleece.
- the use of electrets is also known to increase the filtration efficiency of air and breathing filters.
- Autoclavable or sterilizable filter media require the filter medium to be sufficiently stable against temperature or ionizing radiation.
- thermoplastics such as polyester or polypropylene cannot be used for this purpose, but special, high-melting thermoplastics such as polyimide (PI) or polyetherimide (PEI) are required.
- PI polyimide
- PEI polyetherimide
- Silicone elastomers which are temperature- or UV-crosslinkable systems. Before crosslinking, the base components are typically soluble in most aprotic solvents and, due to their mostly thinning properties, pumpable and thus easy to process. After the crosslinking step, silicone elastomers are characterized by high mechanical flexibility and stability against temperature and radiation effects.
- silicones which are found at the negative end of the triboelectric series, are characterized by a particularly high electron affinity on the material surface and can therefore function well as electrets.
- the electrospinning of silicones is also known in the art and is typically carried out from an organic solvent.
- a crosslinkable silicone composition made of polymethylhydrogensiloxane, (DVi) 4 and JUPtCle
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- silicones are suitable for coaxial electrospinning processes, where they are electrospun together with immiscible, usually hydrophilic polymers without prior mixing, so that core-shell fibers are obtained.
- the outer shell polymer serves as a template for the formation of fibers.
- the silicone is then located in the core of the electrospun fiber.
- CN101498057 describes the coaxial electrospinning of a silicone rubber (core) together with PVP as a water-soluble polymer (sheath).
- the silicone is dissolved in dichloromethane, PVP in ethanol.
- PVP water-soluble polymer
- US2014322512 (corresponding to WO2014143866) describes a needle-free electrospinning process for producing silicone-PLGA core-sheath fibers, in which a flowable silicone elastomer is used.
- the disadvantage here is that in order to obtain pure silicone fibers, the accompanying polymer must be removed in a step following the electrospinning process. This is typically done in an aqueous washing step.
- the task is therefore to provide silicone compositions that can be used in the electrospinning process without accompanying polymers and thus no longer exhibit the above-mentioned disadvantages of the state of the art.
- the present electrospinning solution according to the invention solves this problem. It is suitable for use in an electrospinning process for producing a nanofiber fleece that consists entirely of silicone.
- the at least one organopolysiloxane (iii) contained according to the invention which has a sufficient molecular weight and thus a viscosity greater than 5,000,000 mPa-s (measured at 25 °C and a shear rate of 0.1 s -1 ), is crucial here, since this component takes over the template effect, so that fibers are formed.
- the organopolysiloxane (iii) can optionally also contain suitable functional groups in order to be incorporated into the silicone elastomer network. By adding the organopolysiloxane (iii) to the electrospinning solution, pure silicone fibers are obtained, so that a subsequent washing step becomes obsolete.
- the present invention therefore relates to an electrospinning solution containing
- (B) at least one organopolysiloxane compound with Si-bonded hydrogen atoms, or instead of (A) and (B) or in addition to (A) and
- (C) at least one organopolysiloxane compound which has Si-C-bonded radicals with aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds and Si-bonded hydrogen atoms, with the proviso that none of the components (A), (B) and (C) has a viscosity greater than 800,000 mPa-s, measured at 25°C and a shear rate of 0.1 s- 1 ,
- (iii) at least one polysiloxane having a viscosity greater than 5,000,000 mPa-s measured at 25°C and a shear rate of 0.1 s -1 , and which is different from (A), (B), (C) and (E).
- a single or a mixture of shifting organic solvents can be used as the solvent.
- Suitable organic solvents are hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, anhydrides, esters, N-containing solvents, S-containing and organosilicon solvents.
- Examples of common hydrocarbons are pentane, hexane, dimethylbutane, heptane, hex-1-ene, hexa-1,5-diene, cyclohexane, turpentine, benzene, isopropylbenzene, xylene, toluene, white spirit, naphthalene and terahydronaphthalene.
- halogenated hydrocarbons examples include fluoroform, perfluoroheptane, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, pentyl chloride, bromoform, 1,2-dibromoethane, methylene iodide, fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene.
- Examples of common ethers are diethyl ether, butyl ethyl ether, anisole, diphenyl ether, ethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, furan, triethylene glycol and 1,4-dioxane.
- Examples of common alcohols are methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, octanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol, butyl glycol, glycerol, glycerin, phenol and m-cresol.
- Examples of common aldehydes are acetaldehyde and butyralaldehyde.
- Examples of common ketones are acetone, diisobutyl ketone, butan-2-one, cyclohexanone and acetophenone.
- Common examples of acids are formic acid and acetic acid.
- Common examples of anhydrides are acetic anhydride and maleic anhydride.
- Common examples of esters are Methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, phenyl acetate, glycerol tricarboxylic acid ester, diethyl oxalate, dioctyl sebacate, methyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate, DBE® (DuPont de nemours) and tricresyl phosphorus.
- nitrogen-containing solvents are nitromethane, nitrobenzene, butyronitrile, acetonitrile, benzonitrile, malononitrile, hexylamine, aminoethanol, N,N-diethylaminoethanol, aniline, pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpiperazine and 3-hydroxypropionitrile.
- sulfur-containing solvents are carbon disulfide, methanethiol, dimethylsulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide and thiophene.
- organosilicon solvents are volatile, linear or cyclic siloxanes with a maximum of five silicon atoms, in particular hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.
- the electrospinning solution according to the invention preferably contains 30 to 98 wt.%, particularly preferably 50-95 wt.% solvent
- the compounds (A) and (B) or (C) used in the addition-crosslinking silicone elastomer composition (ii) according to the invention are known to be selected so that crosslinking is possible.
- compound (A) has at least two aliphatically unsaturated radicals and (B) at least three Si-bonded hydrogen atoms
- compound (A) has at least three aliphatically unsaturated radicals and siloxane (B) has at least two Si-bonded hydrogen atoms
- siloxane (C) is used instead of compound (A) and (B), which has aliphatically unsaturated radicals and Si- bound hydrogen atoms in the above mentioned ratios.
- Mixtures of (A) and (B) and (C) with the above mentioned ratios of aliphatically unsaturated radicals and Si-bonded hydrogen atoms are also possible.
- the silicone compositions according to the invention preferably contain at least one aliphatically unsaturated organosilicon compound as component (A), it being possible to use all aliphatically unsaturated organosilicon compounds previously used in addition-crosslinking compositions, such as, for example, silicone block copolymers with urea segments, silicone block copolymers with amide segments and/or imide segments and/or ester-amide segments and/or polystyrene segments and/or silarylene segments and/or carborane segments and silicone graft copolymers with ether groups.
- silicone block copolymers with urea segments silicone block copolymers with amide segments and/or imide segments and/or ester-amide segments and/or polystyrene segments and/or silarylene segments and/or carborane segments and silicone graft copolymers with ether groups.
- organosilicon compounds (A) which have Si-C-bonded radicals with aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds, preferably linear or branched organopolysiloxanes comprising units of the general formula (I)
- R 4 independently of one another, identical or different, is an organic or inorganic radical free from aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds
- R 5 independently, identically or differently, denote a monovalent, substituted or unsubstituted, Si-C- bonded hydrocarbon radical having at least one aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bond, a is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and b is 0, 1 or 2, with the proviso that the sum a + b is less than or equal to 3 and at least 2 radicals R 5 are present per molecule.
- the radical R 4 can be mono- or polyvalent radicals, where the polyvalent radicals, such as bivalent, trivalent and tetravalent radicals, then connect several, such as two, three or four, siloxy units of the formula (I) to one another.
- R 4 are the monovalent radicals -F, -Cl, - Br, -OR 6 , -CN, -SCN, -NCO and Si-C-bonded, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals which can be interrupted by oxygen atoms or the group -C(O)-, as well as divalent radicals which are Si-bonded on both sides according to formula (I).
- radical R 4 is a Si-C-bonded, substituted hydrocarbon radical
- preferred substituents are halogen atoms, phosphorus-containing radicals, cyano radicals, -OR 6 , -NR 6 -, - NR 6 2, -NR 6 -C (0) -NR 6 2, - C(O)— NR 6 2, -C(O)R 6 , -C(O)OR 6 , -SO 2 -Ph and - CeFs.
- R 6 independently of one another, identically or differently, represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and Ph represents the phenyl radical.
- radicals R 4 are alkyl radicals, such as the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl radical, hexyl radicals, such as the n-hexyl radical, heptyl radicals, such as the n-heptyl radical, Octyl radicals, such as the n-octyl radical and iso-octyl radicals, such as the 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl radical, nonyl radicals, such as the n-nonyl radical, decyl radicals, such as the n-decyl radical, dodecyl radicals, such as the n-dodecyl radical, and octadecyl radicals, such as
- substituted radicals R 4 are haloalkyl radicals, such as the 3, 3, 3-trifluoro-n-propyl radical, the 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 ', 2 ', 2 '-hexafluoroisopropyl radical, the heptafluoroisopropyl radical, haloaryl radicals, such as the o-, m- and p-chlorophenyl radical, - (CH2)-
- R 4 divalent radicals which are Si-bonded on both sides according to formula (I) are those which are derived from the monovalent examples given above for radical R 4 in that an additional bond occurs through substitution of a hydrogen atom.
- examples of such radicals are - (CH 2 )-, -CH(CH 3 )-, -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -, -C 6 H 4 -, -CH (Ph) -CH 2 -, -C(CF 3 ) 2 -, - (CH 2 ) OC 6 H 4 - (CH 2 ) O-, - (CH 2 ) OC 6 H 4 -C 6 H 4 - (CH 2 ) O-, - (CH 2 O)p, (CH 2 CH 2 0) O, - (CH 2 ) O-0X-C6H 4 -S02-C 6 H 4 -0X- (CH2) O-, where x is 0 or 1,
- the radical R 4 is preferably a monovalent, Si-C-bonded, optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and free from aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds, particularly preferably a monovalent, Si-C-bonded hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and free from aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds, in particular the methyl or phenyl radical.
- the radical R 5 in formula (I) can be any group that is accessible to an addition reaction (hydrosilylation) with a SiH-functional compound.
- radical R 5 is Si-C-bonded, substituted hydrocarbon radicals, preferred substituents are halogen atoms, cyano radicals and -OR 6 , where R 6 has the meaning given above.
- the radical R 5 is preferably an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl, methallyl, 1-propenyl, 5-hexenyl, ethynyl, butadienyl, hexadienyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, vinylcyclohexylethyl, divinylcyclohexylethyl, norbornenyl, vinylphenyl and styryl radicals, with vinyl, allyl and hexenyl radicals being particularly preferably used.
- alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms such as vinyl, allyl, methallyl, 1-propenyl, 5-hexenyl, ethynyl, butadienyl, hexadienyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadieny
- component (A) can vary within wide limits, for example between 10 2 and 10 6 g/mol.
- component (A) can be a relatively low molecular weight alkenyl-functional oligosiloxane, such as 1,2-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, but also a high-polymer polydimethylsiloxane with chain-based or terminal Si-bonded vinyl groups, e.g. with a molecular weight of 10 5 g/mol (number average determined by NMR).
- the structure of the molecules forming component (A) is not fixed; in particular, the structure of a higher molecular weight, i.e.
- oligomeric or polymeric siloxane can be linear, cyclic, branched or also resinous, network-like.
- Linear and cyclic polysiloxanes are preferably composed of units of the formula R 4 3SiOi/2, R 5 R 4 2SiOi/2, R 5 R 4 SiOi/2 and R 4 2SiO2/2, where R 4 and R 5 have the meaning given above.
- Branched and network-like polysiloxanes additionally contain trifunctional and/or tetrafunctional units, with those of the formulas R 4 SiO3/2, R 5 SiO3/2 and S1O4/2 being preferred. Mixtures of different siloxanes that satisfy the criteria of component (A) can of course also be used.
- component (A) is the use of vinyl-functional, essentially linear polydiorganosiloxanes having a viscosity of 0.1 to 800,000 mPa-s, particularly preferably 0.1 to 200,000 mPa-s, in each case at 25°C, measured according to DIN EN ISO 3219: 1994 and DIN 53019 by means of a calibrated rheometer with a cone-plate system, cone CP50-2 with an opening angle of 2° and a shear rate of 0.1 s ⁇ 4 .
- organosilicon compounds (B) All hydrogen-functional organosilicon compounds which have previously been used in addition-crosslinkable compositions can be used as organosilicon compounds (B).
- organopolysiloxanes (B) containing Si-bonded hydrogen atoms preferably linear, cyclic or branched organopolysiloxanes consisting of units of the general formula (III) R 4 cHdSiO (4-cd) /2 (III) is used, where
- R 4 has the meaning given above, c is 0,1, 2 or 3 and d is 0, 1 or 2, with the proviso that the sum of c + d is less than or equal to 3 and at least two Si-bonded hydrogen atoms are present per molecule.
- the organopolysiloxane (B) used according to the invention contains Si-bonded hydrogen in the range from 0.04 to 1.7 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the organopolysiloxane (B).
- component (B) can also vary within wide limits, for example between 10 2 and 10 6 g/mol.
- component (B) can be a relatively low molecular weight SiH-functional oligosiloxane, such as tetramethyldisiloxane, but also a high polymer polydimethylsiloxane having chain- or terminal SiH groups or a silicone resin having SiH groups.
- the structure of the molecules forming component (B) is also not specified; in particular, the structure of a higher molecular weight, i.e. oligomeric or polymeric SiH-containing siloxane can be linear, cyclic, branched or resinous, network-like.
- Linear and cyclic polysiloxanes (B) are preferably composed of units of the formula R 4 3SiOi/2, HR 4 2SiOi/2, HR 4 SiO2/2 and R 4 2SiO2/2, where R 4 is the above-mentioned has the meaning given.
- Branched and network-like polysiloxanes additionally contain trifunctional and/or tetrafunctional units, with those of the formulas R 4 SiO3/2, HS1O3/2 and S1O4/2 being preferred, where R 4 has the meaning given above.
- component (B) can optionally also contain aliphatically unsaturated groups in addition to the obligatory SiH groups.
- Particularly preferred is the use of low molecular weight SiH-functional compounds such as tetrakis(dimethylsiloxy)silane and tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, as well as higher molecular weight, SiH-containing siloxanes such as poly(hydrogenmethyl)siloxane and poly(dimethylhydrogenmethyl)siloxane with a viscosity at 25°C of 10 to 20,000 mPa-s, measured according to DIN EN ISO 3219: 1994 and DIN 53019 using a calibrated rheometer with a cone-plate system, cone CP50-2 with an opening angle of 2° and a shear rate of 0.1 s ⁇ 4 , or analogous SiH-containing compounds in which some of the methyl
- Component (B) is preferably present in the crosslinkable silicone compositions according to the invention in an amount such that the molar ratio of SiH groups to aliphatically unsaturated groups from (A) is from 0.1 to 20, particularly preferably between 0.3 and 2.0.
- the components (A) and (B) used according to the invention are commercially available products or can be produced by conventional processes.
- the silicone compositions according to the invention can contain organopolysiloxanes (C) which simultaneously have aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds and Si-bonded hydrogen atoms.
- the silicone compositions according to the invention can also contain all three components (A), (B) and (C).
- siloxanes (C) are used, they are preferably those consisting of units of the general formulas (IV), (V) and (VI)
- R 4 and R 5 have the meaning given above, f is 0, 1, 2 or 3, g is 0, 1 or 2 and h is 0, 1 or 2, with the proviso that at least two R 5 radicals and at least two Si-bonded hydrogen atoms are present per molecule.
- organopolysiloxanes (C) are those consisting of SiO 4 /2, R 4 3 SiOi/2-, R 4 2R 5 SiOi/2- and R 4 2HSiOi/2- units, so-called MQ resins, whereby these resins can additionally contain R 4 SiO 3 /2- and R 4 2SiO units, as well as linear organopolysiloxanes essentially consisting of R 4 2R 5 SiOi/2-, R 4 2SiO- and R 4 HSiO units with R 4 and R 5 equal to the meaning given above.
- the organopolysiloxanes (C) preferably have an average viscosity of 0.01 to 800,000 Pa-s, particularly preferably 0.1 to 200,000 Pa-s, each at 25°C, measured according to DIN EN ISO 3219: 1994 and DIN 53019 by means of a calibrated rheometer with a cone-plate system, cone CP50-2 with an opening angle of 2° and a shear rate of 0.1 s -1 .
- Organopolysiloxanes (C) are commercially available or can be prepared using conventional methods.
- the addition-crosslinking silicone elastomer composition (11) according to the invention usually contains 30-95 wt.%, preferably 30-80 wt.% and particularly preferably 35-70 wt.% (A), based on the total mass of the addition-crosslinking silicone elastomer composition (11).
- the addition-crosslinking silicone elastomer composition (II) according to the invention usually contains 0.1-60 wt.%, preferably 0.5-50 wt.% and particularly preferably 1-40 wt.% (B), based on the total mass of the addition-crosslinking silicone elastomer composition.
- addition-crosslinking silicone elastomer composition (11) according to the invention contains component (C), usually 30-95% by weight, preferably 30-80% by weight, particularly preferably 40-70% by weight of (C) are contained in the formulation, based on the total mass of the addition-crosslinking silicone elastomer composition (11).
- Component (D) can be a platinum group metal, for example platinum, Rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, osmium or iridium, an organometallic compound or a combination thereof.
- component (D) are compounds such as hexachloroplatinic (IV) acid, platinum dichloride, platinum acetylacetonate and complexes of said compounds encapsulated in a matrix or a core-shell-like structure.
- the low molecular weight platinum complexes of the organopolysiloxanes include 1,3-diethenyl-l,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complexes with platinum.
- platinum phosphite complexes platinum phosphine complexes or alkylplatinum complexes. These compounds can be encapsulated in a resin matrix.
- Suitable hydrosilylation catalysts (D) are also those which can be activated by electromagnetic radiation (UV, UV-VIS, IR). Such catalysts have also been known from the state of the art for a long time. Examples of these are (r
- the concentration of component (D) in the addition-curing silicone elastomer composition (11) is sufficient to catalyze the hydrosilylation reaction of components (A) and (B) when acted upon to generate the heat required in the process described herein.
- the amount of component (D) may be between 0.1 and 1000 parts per million (ppm), 0.5 and 100 ppm, or 1 and 50 ppm of the platinum group metal, depending by total weight of components.
- the cure rate may be low if the platinum group metal content is less than 1 ppm.
- the use of more than 100 ppm of platinum group metal is uneconomical or may reduce the stability of the adhesive formulation.
- Fillers such as pyrogenic or precipitated silica, or resinous, i.e. three-dimensionally cross-linked polyorganosiloxanes, which are different from (A), (B) and (C), can be used as component (E).
- Reinforcing fillers such as pyrogenic or precipitated silica with BET surface areas between 50 m 2 /g and 400 m 2 /g are preferred, with pyrogenic and precipitated silica with BET surface areas of between 100 m 2 /g and 300 m 2 /g being particularly preferred.
- the silica fillers mentioned can be hydrophilic in nature or can be hydrophobized using known methods.
- surface-treated silicas (E) are used.
- the surface treatment is achieved by the methods known in the art for hydrophobizing finely divided fillers.
- Preferred fillers (E) have, as a result of a surface treatment, a carbon content of at least 0.01 to a maximum of 20 wt.%, preferably between 0.1 and 10 wt.%, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 5% by weight.
- Particularly preferred are crosslinkable addition-crosslinking silicone elastomer compositions (11) which are characterized in that the filler (E) is a surface-treated silica containing 0.01 to 2% by weight of Si-bonded, aliphatically unsaturated groups. For example, these are Si-bonded vinyl groups.
- the polyorganosiloxanes which are also preferably three-dimensionally cross-linked as component (E), which are different from (A), (B) and (C), are so-called organosiloxane resins which are composed of units of the general formulas (VII), (VIII), (IX) and (X)
- R is selected from R , R , OH and OR 2 , and with the proviso that at least 20 mol% of the units are selected from units of the general formulas (IX) and (X) , and at most 2 wt.% of the radicals R are OH.
- R 1 is the same or independently different monovalent organofunctional hydrocarbon radicals, unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals or a hydrogen radical, where the radical R 1 is bonded to the silicon atom via a carbon atom, or the hydrogen radical is directly is bonded to the silicon atom.
- R 1 is preferably an alkenyl group or the hydrogen radical.
- the vinyl group is particularly preferred as R 1 .
- R are identical or independently different monovalent hydrocarbon radicals (alkyl, aryl, aralkyl). 2
- unsubstituted radicals R are alkyl radicals, such as the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert.-pentyl radical, hexyl radicals, such as the n-hexyl radical, heptyl radicals, such as the n-heptyl radical, octyl radicals, such as the n-octyl radical and isooctyl radicals, such as the 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl radical, nonyl radicals, such as the n-nonyl radical, decyl radicals, such as the n-decyl radical; Alkenyl radicals, such as vinyl, allyl, n-5-hexenyl, 4-vinylcyclohexy
- substituted hydrocarbon radicals as R radicals are halogenated hydrocarbons such as the chloromethyl, 3-chloropropyl, 3-bromopropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl and 5,5,5,4,4,3,3-heptafluoropentyl radical as well as the chlorophenyl, dichlorophenyl and trifluorotolyl radicals.
- R preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Methyl and phenyl are particularly preferred.
- the preferred radicals R are methyl, ethyl, phenyl and vinyl.
- These organosiloxane resins (E) preferably contain at least 30 mol%, in particular at least 40 mol% and preferably at most 80 mol%, in particular at most 70 mol%, of units of the general formulas (IX) and (X).
- organosiloxane resins (E) are preferably MQ silicone resins (MQ) which contain at least 80 mol% units, preferably at least 95 mol%, in particular at least 97 mol% units of the general formulas (VII) and (X).
- the average ratio of the units of the general formulas (VII) to (X) is preferably at least 0.25, in particular at least 0.5 and preferably 2, particularly preferably at most, in particular at most 1.5.
- At most 1 wt.%, in particular at most 0.5 wt.% of the radicals R are OH.
- At least 0.01 mol%, particularly preferably at least 0.05 mol%, and preferably at most 8 mol%, in particular at most 5 mol% of the radicals R are R 1 .
- the average molecular weight Mn of the organosiloxane resins (E) is preferably at least 200 g/mol, in particular at least 1000 g/mol and preferably at most 100,000 g/mol, in particular at most 20,000 g/mol.
- the component (E) is preferably used as a single or likewise preferably as a mixture of several finely divided fillers.
- the addition-crosslinking silicone elastomer composition (11) according to the invention preferably contains 0 to 45 wt.% (E), particularly preferably 0-35 wt.% (E).
- the addition-crosslinking silicone compositions according to the invention can optionally contain all other additives which are known to the person skilled in the art for addition-crosslinkable compositions. These additives can be, for example, rheological additives, inhibitors, light stabilizers, flame retardants, dispersing aids, heat stabilizers, etc.
- the amounts used for each individual component of the silicone composition (ii) are chosen such that they always add up to 100% by weight.
- Component (iii) is a polysiloxane different from (A), (B), (C) and (E) with a viscosity greater than 5,000,000 mPa-s measured at 25°C and a shear rate of 0.1 s -1 .
- the polysiloxane in component (iii) is predominantly linear with no or only a few branches, the content of T and Q units not exceeding the maximum value of 500 ppm.
- Such polysiloxanes have long been known to the person skilled in the art.
- T units are described above with the general formula (IX) and Q units with the general formula (X).
- the polysiloxane of component (iii) is preferably an organopolysiloxane composed of units of the general formula (XI)
- R 7 independently of one another, identical or different, is an organic or inorganic radical free from aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bonds
- R 8 independently of one another, identically or differently, denote a monovalent, substituted or unsubstituted, Si-C-bonded hydrocarbon radical having at least one aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bond, m denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, and n denotes 0, 1 or 2, with the proviso that the sum m + n is less than or equal to 3.
- R 7 is preferably alkyl or aryl, particularly preferably methyl or phenyl.
- R 8 is preferably a vinyl group.
- the vinyl group can be terminal or in the polysiloxane chain.
- the polysiloxane (iii) may also be completely free of R 8 .
- Component (iii) has a vinyl group content of 0 to 20 mol%.
- a vinyl group content of 0 to 2 mol% is preferred.
- One (iii) or a mixture of two or more (iii) may be used.
- the electrospinning solution according to the invention preferably contains 1 to 40 wt.% (iii), particularly preferably 1-25 wt.% (iii).
- a further subject of the present invention is therefore a process for producing nonwovens in which, in the first step, all components are mixed in such a way that the electrospinning solution according to the invention is present in the form of a solution and, in a second step, a nonwoven made of fibers made of pure silicone elastomers is produced from this solution by means of electrospinning.
- the fibers can be hardened, either thermally or by electromagnetic irradiation.
- the first step preparation of the electrospinning solution
- the second step electrospinning
- the preparation of the electrospinning solution in the first step can be carried out in one or more individual steps.
- the components (i), (ii) and (iii) can be mixed in any order and combination. In this way, the Components (ii) and (iii) are partially or completely dissolved in (i) simultaneously or separately and then the two pre-solutions are mixed to form a solution.
- silicone elastomer composition (ii) can also be mixed separately with (iii) or (i).
- this includes 2-component silicones in which components (A), (B) and (D) are often not present together.
- this can mean, for example, that components (A), (D) and parts of (E) are mixed with (iii) and (i) in one or more steps, and separately, components (B) and parts of (E) are mixed with (iii) and (i) in one or more steps.
- the silicone composition (ii) contains component (E), i.e. a filler
- component (E) i.e. a filler
- dissolver a scraper can also preferably be used to achieve a uniform distribution of the fillers.
- a planetary dissolver with a scraper is preferably used.
- Dissolver disks with any arrangement and number of teeth can be used.
- Mixing tools of any kind such as magnetic stirrers, KPG stirrers, centrifugal mixers, planetary mixers or high-speed mixers, are suitable for dissolving any components from (ii) or (iii) in the solvent (i).
- the second step the electrospinning process from solution
- the third step the crosslinking of the fibers, is preferably carried out thermally, preferably at 30 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably at at least 50 ° C, in particular at at least 100 ° C, preferably at 120-210 ° C.
- the thermal curing takes place, for example, by means of a heatable collector, by means of infrared radiation with a wavelength of 780 nm to 1 mm or an oven.
- UV-switchable hydrosilylation catalysts (D) the crosslinking takes place by irradiation with light with a wavelength of 230-400 nm, preferably for at least 1 second, particularly preferably at least 5 seconds and preferably at most 500 seconds, particularly preferably at most 240 seconds. If IR-switchable hydrosilylation catalysts (D) are used, this is carried out analogously, however, with infrared radiation with a wavelength of 780 nm to 1 mm.
- the irradiation with light preferably lasts for at least 1 second, particularly preferably at least 5 seconds and preferably at most 500 seconds, particularly preferably at most 240 seconds.
- Crosslinking with photoinitiators can be carried out under protective gas such as N2 or Ar or under air.
- the irradiated fibers are optionally thermally post-treated and then heated preferably for a maximum of 1 hour, particularly preferably for a maximum of 10 minutes, in particular for a maximum of 1 minute, in order to harden them.
- Crosslinking is particularly preferably carried out under UV radiation, in particular at 254 nm.
- a further subject matter of the present invention are the cross-linked nonwovens according to the invention produced by the process according to the invention.
- a further object of the present invention is the use of the cross-linked nonwovens according to the invention as a coating of three-dimensional structures, in wound plasters, in packaging materials, in filters and membranes.
- the nonwovens according to the invention are suitable as a coating for three-dimensional structures in order to change their surface properties with regard to, for example, sound or thermal insulation, shock absorption.
- the breathability that can be achieved with the coating can represent a desired additional property.
- Housings, building materials or textiles are preferably coated or laminated with the nonwovens according to the invention.
- nonwovens according to the invention can also preferably be used in wound plasters.
- nonwovens according to the invention can also be used as bacteriophobic and/or antimicrobial coating.
- nonwovens according to the invention are also preferred, in particular in the packaging of foodstuffs.
- the nonwovens according to the invention are also suitable as a coating for containers for storing liquids, so that the containers can be completely emptied.
- the nonwovens according to the invention can also be used particularly preferably in clothing items, such as jackets, gloves, hats or shoes, or as roofing membranes.
- the nonwovens according to the invention are water-repellent and breathable.
- the nonwovens according to the invention can particularly preferably also be used as filter media, e.g. for air filters or for separating Particles from gas or liquid streams.
- the nonwovens according to the invention can also be used in particular as filter media in respiratory masks, e.g. in FFP3 and FFP2 masks.
- the nonwovens according to the invention can also be used as membranes for separating mixtures, such as reverse osmosis, gas separation, pervaporation, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration or microfiltration.
- Solid-solid, gaseous-gaseous, solid-gaseous or liquid-gaseous, in particular liquid-liquid, solid-gaseous and liquid-solid mixtures can be separated.
- the nonwovens according to the invention are used as membranes, they can be installed in the common modules, such as hollow fiber modules, spiral wound modules, plate modules, cross-flow modules or dead-end modules.
- nonwovens according to the invention can also be used as a carrier or support layer for other membranes.
- Dimethyl vinyl silyloxy-terminated dimethyl siloxane-methylvinyl siloxane copolymer with 0.1 mol% vinyl groups and a viscosity of 30,000,000 mPas at 25°C and a shear rate of 0.1 s -1 .
- the molecular weight M w mass average molar mass, determined by GPC is 600,000 g/mol.
- silicone composition 1 a UV-curing silicone rubber composition was prepared according to Example 6 in US2018208797A (corresponding to WO 2017/089496 Al).
- silicone composition 2 a thermally crosslinking silicone composition according to Example 6 in US2018208797A corresponding to WO2017/089496 Al was prepared, whereby instead of the UV-activatable platinum catalyst mentioned, a thermally activatable platinum complex with phosphite ligands suitable for one-component systems was selected, as described in US2009088524 A (corresponding to EP2050768B1) (catalyst 6).
- silicone composition 3 The two-component, thermally crosslinking silicone elastomer LUMISIL® LR 7601/60 available from Wacker Chemie AG was used as silicone composition 3.
- Viscosity measurement The viscosity measurements were carried out on an air-bearing MCR 302 rheometer from Anton Paar at 25 °C. A cone-plate system (25 mm, 2 °) with a gap of 105 pm was used. The excess material was removed (trimmed) with a spatula at a gap distance of 115 pm. The cone was then moved to a gap distance of 105 pm so that the entire gap is filled. Before each measurement, a "pre-shear" is carried out in which the shear history is erased by the sample preparation, application and trimming. The pre-shear is carried out for 60 seconds at a shear rate of 0.1 s -1 , followed by a rest period of 300 seconds.
- the shear viscosity is determined using a step profile in which the sample is sheared at a constant shear rate of 0.1 s -1 and 1 s -1 for 100 seconds each. A measurement is recorded every 10 seconds, resulting in 10 measurement points per shear rate. The average of these 10 measurement points gives the shear viscosity at the respective shear rate.
- Example 4 - Preparation of Solution 4 30 g of the silicone composition 2 were dissolved in 62 g of n-butyl acetate. Then 8 . 0 g of the vinyl polymer were added and dissolved.
- Example 5 Preparation of Solution 5 30 g of the silicone composition 2 were dissolved in 55 g of n-butyl acetate. Then 15 g of the vinyl polymer were added and dissolved.
- Example 7 (not according to the invention) - Preparation of solution 7 30 g of the silicone composition 2 were dissolved in 70 g of n-butyl acetate.
- the electrospinning process was carried out analogously to W02014114501.
- the corresponding solution 1 to 7 was spun on an electrospinning system under the following conditions: Voltage: 22.5 kV direct current
- Aluminum foil was used as the substrate.
- the electrode was either static or rotated by means of an electric motor.
- the sample containing the deposited silicone material and the aluminum foil was photochemically treated using UV radiation or thermally. If silicone composition 2 or 3 (solutions 2 to 7) was used, the sample was cured in an oven at 150 °C for 20 minutes. If silicone composition 1 (solution 1) was used, the sample was irradiated with a mercury vapor lamp for 10 minutes.
- Table 1 gives an overview of the composition of the examples and the result of electrospinning.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/058729 WO2024208409A1 (de) | 2023-04-04 | 2023-04-04 | Elektrogesponnenes siliconelastomervlies |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4689246A1 true EP4689246A1 (de) | 2026-02-11 |
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ID=86099837
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23718727.3A Pending EP4689246A1 (de) | 2023-04-04 | 2023-04-04 | Elektrogesponnenes siliconelastomervlies |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4689246A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7880011B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250069953A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120225737A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024208409A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2014996A1 (en) | 1989-05-19 | 1990-11-19 | Joel D. Oxman | Radiation activated hydrosilation reaction |
| US6376569B1 (en) | 1990-12-13 | 2002-04-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hydrosilation reaction utilizing a (cyclopentadiene)(sigma-aliphatic) platinum complex and a free radical photoinitiator |
| US6046250A (en) | 1990-12-13 | 2000-04-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hydrosilation reaction utilizing a free radical photoinitiator |
| US6127446A (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2000-10-03 | General Electric Company | Irradiation-curable silicone compositions, photo-active platinum (IV) compounds, and method |
| DE102007047212A1 (de) | 2007-10-02 | 2009-04-09 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Härtbare Siliconzusammensetzungen |
| CN101910492B (zh) * | 2007-11-20 | 2012-01-04 | 陶氏康宁公司 | 制品及其制造方法 |
| KR20100100814A (ko) * | 2007-11-20 | 2010-09-15 | 다우 코닝 코포레이션 | 섬유를 포함하는 물품과 상기 물품을 형성하는 방법 |
| TW201016909A (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-05-01 | Dow Corning | Article formed from electrospinning a dispersion |
| CN101498057B (zh) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-08-04 | 北京化工大学 | 一种橡胶纳米纤维的制备方法 |
| DE102010042352A1 (de) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-04-12 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Schleifbare Siliconelastomerzusammensetzung und deren Verwendung |
| DE102011109767A1 (de) | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-14 | Mann + Hummel Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyamid-Nanofasern mittels Elektrospinnen, Polyamid-Nanofasern, ein Filtermedium mit Polyamid-Nanofasern sowie ein Filterelement mit ei-nem solchen Filtermedium |
| DE102013201124A1 (de) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-07-24 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Vliese aus thermoplastischen Siliconelastomeren, herstellbar mittels Elektrospinning |
| US20140322512A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-30 | Quynh Pham | Core-sheath fibers and methods of making and using same |
| EP2971291A1 (de) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-01-20 | Arsenal Medical, Inc. | Kern-mantel-fasern und verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung davon |
| CN108025494B (zh) | 2015-11-26 | 2020-03-10 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | 用于通过弹道生成方法生产弹性体模制部件的高粘性硅酮组合物 |
| CN109868559A (zh) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-11 | 天津大学 | 柔性聚硅氧烷纤维膜及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2023
- 2023-04-04 EP EP23718727.3A patent/EP4689246A1/de active Pending
- 2023-04-04 JP JP2025528576A patent/JP7880011B2/ja active Active
- 2023-04-04 KR KR1020257013021A patent/KR20250069953A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2023-04-04 WO PCT/EP2023/058729 patent/WO2024208409A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-04 CN CN202380077143.XA patent/CN120225737A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP7880011B2 (ja) | 2026-06-24 |
| CN120225737A (zh) | 2025-06-27 |
| JP2025537831A (ja) | 2025-11-20 |
| WO2024208409A1 (de) | 2024-10-10 |
| KR20250069953A (ko) | 2025-05-20 |
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