EP4673396A1 - Purification d'hydrogène électrolytique - Google Patents
Purification d'hydrogène électrolytiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4673396A1 EP4673396A1 EP24710809.5A EP24710809A EP4673396A1 EP 4673396 A1 EP4673396 A1 EP 4673396A1 EP 24710809 A EP24710809 A EP 24710809A EP 4673396 A1 EP4673396 A1 EP 4673396A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- zeolite
- mol
- adsorbent material
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
- B01J20/186—Chemical treatments in view of modifying the properties of the sieve, e.g. increasing the stability or the activity, also decreasing the activity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
- B01D2253/108—Zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
- B01D2253/1122—Metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
- B01D2257/102—Nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
- B01D2257/104—Oxygen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
- C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0495—Composition of the impurity the impurity being water
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for purifying hydrogen from an electrolyser and more specifically to a method for purifying hydrogen containing water and oxygen, as well as possibly traces of nitrogen and/or traces of residual electrolytes, such as for example potassium hydroxide.
- the hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water is often polluted by the co-produced oxygen, in particular due to excessive permeation of oxygen through the separating membrane(s) or solubilization of oxygen in the electrolyte.
- the water present in the hydrogen flow this generally comes from gaseous entrainments, while the nitrogen comes for example from the inerting phases at the start-up of the electrolyser and its solubilization in the cold and often pressurized water introduced into the electrolyser.
- hydrocarbon removal is carried out on activated carbon
- oxygen and carbon monoxide are removed by catalytic reaction on a layer of copper-impregnated alumina, while water and CO2 produced by the catalytic reaction are removed by another layer of activated carbon.
- Document LIS20190247781 A proposes to specifically eliminate oxygen using a catalyst based on palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) or copper (Cu) on alumina to reduce oxygen, before purification on PSA (so-called “DEOXO” unit).
- Document US2021309517 A1 describes a purification process by adsorption on a bed consisting of at least one layer of oxygen reduction catalyst based on supported Cu, Pd or Pt, catalyst which is regenerated by countercurrent circulation of a hydrogen-rich gas free of any oxygen by PSA process or by TSA process (Temperature Swing Adsorption).
- the preferred catalyst is an alumina impregnated with at least 10% by mass of copper.
- a first layer of adsorbent dries the flow (silica gel, activated alumina, 13X), a second layer (copper-impregnated alumina) removes the oxygen by exothermic catalytic reaction (O2 + H2 H2O), the third layer (silica gel, activated alumina, 13X, CaX. 5A) removes the water produced during the flow passage over the second layer as well as possibly the nitrogen.
- This solution consisting of a single treatment bed with several layers of materials (adsorbents and catalyst) constitutes progress, but has a certain complexity and high cost due to the use of multiple materials and a catalyst based on alumina with a high copper content.
- one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen purification process that makes it possible to overcome the drawbacks encountered in the prior art, and in particular to purify hydrogen more easily, and in particular to eliminate both the oxygen and the water present as impurities in a hydrogen stream.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen purification method for removing both oxygen and water present as impurities in a hydrogen stream, but also nitrogen and other impurities such as traces of residual electrolytes, such as potassium hydroxide, in particular for hydrogen streams originating from an electrolyzer, also called electrolytic hydrogen. Still other objectives will become apparent in light of the description of the present invention which follows.
- the present invention thus proposes an “all-in-one” process for purifying hydrogen, by eliminating both oxygen and water using a single zeolite adsorbent material, the zeolite of which has undergone at least partial cation exchange and/or impregnation with at least one metal from columns 3 to 12 of the Periodic Table of Elements.
- the present invention relates to a method for purifying a hydrogen stream containing water, oxygen and optionally nitrogen, including:
- zeolitic adsorbent material comprising at least one metal from columns 3 to 12 of the Periodic Table of Elements, in metallic form of zero valence, or in oxidized form or in reduced form, and
- the hydrogen to be purified comprises electrolytic hydrogen, i.e. hydrogen obtained by electrolysis of water.
- the hydrogen to be purified comprises mainly hydrogen, i.e. from 60 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure hydrogen, preferably from 80 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure hydrogen, more preferably from 90 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure hydrogen and more preferably from 95 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure hydrogen, typically from 96.50 mol% to 99.99 mol% of pure hydrogen.
- the hydrogen to be purified comprises at least water and oxygen as impurities, as well as optionally nitrogen.
- the zeolite adsorbent material used in the present invention is a granular material comprising at least one zeolite exchanged and/or impregnated with one or more metals from columns 3 to 12 of the Periodic Table of Elements, in metallic form of zero valence, or in oxidized form or in reduced form.
- metal of columns 3 to 12 of the Periodic Table of Elements is meant transition metals (columns 3 to 11 of the Periodic Table of Elements), including lanthanides and actinides, as well as metals of column 12 of the Periodic Table of Elements, and in particular those chosen from transition metals (columns 3 to 11 of the Periodic Table of Elements), zinc and cerium, and more preferably from iron, cobalt, cerium, nickel, titanium, copper, zinc, palladium, silver, and platinum, alone or in mixtures of two or more of them.
- the metal is selected from the metals of columns 8 to 12 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and titanium and cerium, alone or in mixtures of two or more of them.
- the metal is selected from copper, iron and zinc, alone or in mixtures, and optionally with one or more metals selected from palladium, silver and platinum.
- copper is particularly preferred. Copper/palladium, copper/silver and copper/platinum mixtures are further preferred.
- Other metals can of course be used, but the preferred metals and mixtures of metals listed above have proven to be particularly effective and advantageous in terms of their efficiency/supply cost ratio.
- the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the invention therefore comprises at least one zeolite adsorbent material and at least one metal, as set out above.
- Said at least one metal may be present in said zeolite adsorbent material in native form (or in metallic form, i.e. of zero valence, equal to 0) or oxidized, or in reduced form, adsorbed totally or at least partially on said at least one zeolite.
- the metal may also be present in ionic form in the zeolite adsorbent material, and in this case it contributes totally or at least in part to the electronic neutrality of said zeolite adsorbent material.
- the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the invention thus comprises at least one metal, as just defined, said at least one metal being able to be provided, that is to say deposited and/or impregnated and/or included by ion exchange, in the structure of the zeolite, as explained below.
- aqueous, organic or hydro-organic saline solutions at least one of them comprising one or more metal salts, said saline solutions preferably being chosen from nitrates, acetates, sulfates, and others, of said metals.
- the total mass quantity of metal introduced into the structure of the zeolite is generally and most often between 0.1% and 9%, preferably between 0.5% and 8% by mass, more preferably between 1% and 6% by mass, limits included, relative to the total weight of the zeolite adsorbent material used in the process of the present invention.
- This mass content is measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis (FluoX), as indicated later in the description.
- the particle size of the metal particles is between 1 nm and 250 nm, preferably 5 nm and 250 nm, more preferably between 5 nm and 100 nm, more preferably between 5 nm and 50 nm, for example approximately 15 nm to 20 nm.
- This particle size is measured by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a STEM (“Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy”) detector.
- the copper content in the zeolite adsorbent material used in the process of the present invention is preferably, and most often, between 0.1% and 9% by mass, preferably between 0.5% and 8% by mass, more preferably between 1% and 6% by mass, limits included, relative to the total weight of said zeolite adsorbent material.
- This content is in particular much lower than that encountered in zeolite adsorbent materials containing copper, also called copper-doped zeolite adsorbents, and known from the prior art.
- the method of the invention is implemented with a zeolitic adsorbent material containing copper and at least one other metal, and preferably at least one other metal chosen from palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and their mixtures in all proportions.
- the content of at least one other metal is generally lower than the copper content, and for example of the order of 20% by mass relative to the copper content by mass, preferably of the order of 10% by mass relative to the copper content by mass, and more generally between 0.1% and 20%, most often between 0.1% and 10% by mass relative to the copper content by mass.
- the content of at least one other metal may however, in certain cases and when desired, be equal to or greater than the copper content, in particular equal to or greater than 1% to 100%, advantageously 5% to 70%, better still equal to or greater than 10% to 70% by mass relative to the copper content.
- Said at least one zeolite present in the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the present invention may be of any type well known to those skilled in the art and may be natural, artificial (modified natural zeolite) or synthetic (obtained by synthesis).
- said at least one zeolite is chosen from LTA, FAU, RHO, MFI zeolites as well as mixtures of two or more of them.
- Particularly preferred are zeolites chosen from FAU-type zeolites, MFI-type zeolites, and mixtures thereof in all proportions and at all Si/AL ratios. It is advantageous to refer to the work "Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types", Elsevier, 5th edition, (2001), for information on the different types of zeolite listed above.
- the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the present invention may comprise one or more zeolite(s) of identical or different type(s), for example a type X zeolite alone or with a type MFI zeolite, or a type X zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of approximately 1.25, and a type X zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of approximately 1, or a type Y zeolite alone or with a type MFI, to cite only simple illustrative examples and without any intention of limiting the scope of the present invention.
- zeolite(s) of identical or different type(s) for example a type X zeolite alone or with a type MFI zeolite, or a type X zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of approximately 1.25, and a type X zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of approximately 1, or a type Y zeolite alone or with a type M
- the Si/Al ratio of the zeolite or the apparent overall ratio of the mixture of zeolites, if there are several in the zeolite agglomerated material can take any value between 1 and 100. According to a preferred aspect, this Si/Al ratio is between 1 and 80, more preferably between 1 and 50, advantageously between 1 and 20.
- the zeolite adsorbent material usable in the process of the present invention may also comprise the hierarchical porosity homologues of the zeolites listed above.
- the hierarchical porosity zeolites are well known to those skilled in the art and may for example be prepared according to the procedures described in applications WO2015019013 and WO2015028740, or prepared by chemical, physical or physicochemical post-treatment of traditional zeolites, which are not hierarchical porosity zeolites, also called non-mesoporous zeolites.
- zeolite adsorbent material zeolite crystals or mixtures of crystals of different zeolites, optionally agglomerated by one or more agglomeration binders well known to those skilled in the art, for example chosen from aluminas, silicas and clays.
- agglomeration can be carried out before or after the operation(s) of supplying metal or metals.
- the zeolite adsorbent material of the invention is in the form of an agglomerate, that is to say a material where the zeolite crystals are agglomerated using an agglomeration binder, as is now perfectly known to those skilled in the art.
- the agglomeration binder can be of any type, but for the purposes of the present invention, an agglomeration binder chosen from clays, aluminas, silicates, and mixtures of two or more of them in all proportions is preferred, and preferably the agglomeration binder is chosen from clays, and more preferably from kaolinic clays, such as kaolin, dickite, halloysite, kaolinite, nacrite, and others.
- kaolinic clays such as kaolin, dickite, halloysite, kaolinite, nacrite, and others.
- the binder content i.e. the mass quantity of agglomeration binder relative to the total weight of the zeolite adsorbent material, is within the ranges known to those skilled in the art, and is generally between 0.1% and 30%, preferably between 1% and 30%, more preferably between 5% and 30%, and advantageously between 10% and 30% by weight.
- additives or fillers well known to those skilled in the art, among which may be mentioned, as illustrative and non-limiting examples, the additives well known to those skilled in the art, and in particular those chosen from shaping aid additives, pore-forming agents, silica, carboxymethylcellulose, and others and mixtures of them or several of them in all proportions to cite only the main additives commonly used during the agglomeration of zeolite crystals with an agglomeration binder.
- the binder is a zeolitizable binder, such as for example kaolin, kaolinite, and others, it can be zeolitized in whole or in part, that is to say transformed into zeolite, generally and most often under the action of a base, such as for example a sodium hydroxide solution, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
- a base such as for example a sodium hydroxide solution
- the zeolitic adsorbent materials suitable for use in the process of the present invention are generally and most often in the form of beads but can take any other form, for example needles, cylinders, hollow cylinders, discs, trilobed, quadrilobed, extruded, crushed and others.
- the zeolite adsorbent material can be of any size and any dimension, however, it is preferred and most often a zeolite adsorbent material whose volume average diameter is between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, more preferably between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, advantageously between 1 mm and 5 mm.
- the zeolite adsorbent material suitable for use in the process of the invention is commercially available or can be obtained according to conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art, from operating methods known in the literature or on the internet or from techniques easily adaptable from said known operating methods.
- the zeolite adsorbent material can be easily prepared from zeolite adsorbents, based on conventional zeolite(s) and/or based on zeolite(s) with hierarchical porosity, and comprising one or more alkali metal and/or alkaline earth cations, in particular lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, barium, and an agglomeration binder optionally zeolitized in whole or at least in part, said zeolite adsorbent being subjected to an impregnation and/or ion exchange treatment of at least one metal as defined above, generally in the form of a salt, according to conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the step of impregnation and/or ion exchange of at least one metal as defined above can be carried out directly on the zeolite crystals before agglomeration with a binder and shaping.
- the process for preparing the zeolite adsorbent material comprises at least the following steps: a) one or more cation exchange(s) and/or impregnation(s) of zeolite crystals with one or more saline solutions of at least one metal chosen from the metals of columns 8 to 12 of the Periodic Table of Elements, as defined above, b) agglomeration with at least one agglomeration binder, c) heat treatment for hardening (calcination) of said agglomeration binder(s), d) optional at least partial zeolitization of said agglomeration binder(s), and e) recovery and optional activation, generally between 100°C and 550°C, of said zeolite adsorbent material that can be used in the context of the present invention.
- step a) may be carried out one or more times before step b) and/or after step c) and/or d).
- a cooking step is carried out, preferably between step b) and step d), at a temperature generally between 400°C and 600°C.
- step a) after this cooking step, and before step d), whether or not a step a) has already been carried out before step b).
- a step of shaping said agglomerated material is carried out, according to any method well known to those skilled in the art.
- This shaping step can be carried out during or after step b) of agglomeration and can be followed by one or more step(s) a) of cation exchange(s) and/or impregnation(s).
- Such methods for preparing zeolite adsorbent materials exchanged and/or impregnated with/by one or more metals are well known to those skilled in the art, and reference may be made, for example and in a non-limiting manner, to document EP1125635 for a precise description of how to prepare the zeolite adsorbent materials that can be used in the context of the method of the invention or to the document “Metal Sites in Zeolites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis”, Q. Zhang et al., Chem. Rev., (2023), 123(9), 6039-6106.
- the cationic exchanges can be carried out according to any methods well known to those skilled in the art, and for example by bringing a zeolitic adsorbent material into contact with one or more saline solutions, preferably aqueous, at least one of them comprising one or more metal salts, the cationic exchange being able to be single or multiple and when it is multiple, the successive exchanges can be carried out with identical or different saline solutions, each exchange step being able to be preceded and/or followed by at least one washing and/or heat treatment step, said heat treatment being able to be an oxidizing or reducing treatment.
- the impregnation operation can also be easily carried out according to any methods well known to those skilled in the art, whether according to a wet or dry impregnation method.
- wet impregnation is meant a contacting of a zeolite adsorbent material in aqueous and/or organic suspension with one or more saline solutions, preferably aqueous, at least one of them comprising one or more metal salts, the wet impregnation operation possibly being preceded and/or followed by at least one heat treatment step, said heat treatment possibly being an oxidizing or reducing treatment.
- Dry impregnation means bringing a zeolite adsorbent material into contact with one or more saline solutions, preferably aqueous, at the right volume, at least one of them comprising one or more metal salts, the dry impregnation operation possibly being preceded and/or followed by at least one heat treatment step, said heat treatment possibly being an oxidizing or reducing treatment.
- cation exchange and/or impregnation can be carried out one or more times and can be combined, for example a cation exchange operation can be followed by a wet or dry impregnation operation, and include a washing step after cation exchange and possibly a heat treatment before the impregnation operation.
- cation exchange and impregnation operations lead to the presence, in the zeolite adsorbent material, of at least one metal in cationic form.
- a treatment using a reducing element for example and advantageously under a stream of gaseous hydrogen, makes it possible to reduce the valence of the metal(s), possibly down to valence 0.
- Non-limiting examples of zeolitic adsorbent materials which can be used in the process of the invention are as follows:
- the zeolitic adsorbent material used in the present invention is a granular material comprising at least one zeolite exchanged or impregnated with copper, and optionally one or more other metals. in metallic form of zero valence, or in oxidized form or in reduced form chosen from those in columns 3 to 12.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the method of the invention uses a zeolitic adsorbent material which is a granular material comprising at least one zeolite exchanged or impregnated with copper, or with copper in a mixture or alloy with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, iron and zinc.
- the method of the invention uses a zeolitic adsorbent material which is a granular material comprising at least one Faujasite (FAU) type zeolite, preferably a FAU type zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of between 1 and 100, for example a FAU-X type zeolite or a FAU-Y type zeolite, comprising sodium, and further comprising copper, or copper in a mixture or alloy with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, iron and zinc, the metal(s) being able to be exchanged or impregnated in said zeolitic adsorbent material.
- FAU Faujasite
- the method of the invention uses a zeolitic adsorbent material which is a granular material comprising at least one Faujasite (FAU) type zeolite, preferably a FAU type zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of between 2 and 100, for example a FAU-Y type zeolite, comprising sodium, and further comprising copper, or copper in a mixture or alloy with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, iron and zinc, the metal(s) being able to be exchanged and/or impregnated in said zeolitic adsorbent material.
- FAU Faujasite
- the method of the invention uses a zeolitic adsorbent material which is a granular material comprising at least one MFI type zeolite, preferably an MFI type zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 100, comprising sodium, and further comprising copper, or copper in a mixture or alloy with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, iron and zinc, the metal(s) being able to be exchanged or impregnated in said zeolitic adsorbent material.
- MFI type zeolite preferably an MFI type zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of between 10 and 100, comprising sodium, and further comprising copper, or copper in a mixture or alloy with one or more metals chosen from palladium, platinum, iron and zinc, the metal(s) being able to be exchanged or impregnated in said zeolitic adsorbent material.
- examples of zeolitic adsorbent materials usable in the process of the invention are:
- the present invention relates to the process for purifying a hydrogen stream, in particular an electrolytic hydrogen stream, containing, as impurities to be removed, oxygen and water, and optionally nitrogen and optionally other impurities inherent in the hydrogen synthesis process, in particular the electrolytic hydrogen synthesis process.
- the process of the invention is an “all-in-one” process for purifying hydrogen, by eliminating both oxygen and water, present as impurities in a hydrogen stream, more specifically a hydrogen stream comprising or consisting of electrolytic hydrogen.
- all-in-one process it is meant that the passage over the zeolite adsorbent material allows the at least partial, or even total (content below the detection threshold) simultaneous (i.e. concomitant) elimination of the oxygen and water present in the hydrogen flow in the same temperature range.
- zeolites must operate at high temperature to eliminate oxygen and that at high temperature zeolites adsorb little or no water, and on the contrary tend to desorb water.
- the "all-in-one" process of the present invention therefore has the great advantage of eliminating both oxygen and water, and possibly other impurities, in the hydrogen stream, while avoiding steps of changing temperature ranges, thus facilitating the industrial process in terms of time, energy expenditure, and productivity. It can thus be considered that the process of the present invention allows the purification of hydrogen streams without external energy input, for example without external heating input.
- the purification process of the present invention may be carried out according to any method well known to those skilled in the art of gas purification, and more specifically by adsorption of the impurities on a zeolitic adsorbent material as defined above.
- the adsorption process according to the present invention may be chosen from processes of the pressure and/or temperature modulated type, typically from PSA (“Pressure Swing Adsorption”, or Pressure Modulated Adsorption), PVSA (“Pressure Vacuum Swing Adsorption”, or Pressure Modulated Adsorption, with use of desorption at subatmospheric pressure), TSA (“Temperature Swing Adsorption”, Temperature Modulated Adsorption), PTSA (“Pressure Temperature Swing Adsorption”, or Temperature and Pressure Modulated Adsorption), PVTSA (“Pressure Vacuum Temperature Swing Adsorption”, with use of desorption at subatmospheric pressure).
- PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption
- PVSA Pressure Vacuum Swing Adsorption
- Pressure Modulated Adsorption Pressure Modulated Adsorption
- TSA Tempo Swing Adsorption
- Temperature Modulated Adsorption Temperature Modulated Adsorption
- PTSA Pressure Temperature Swing Adsorption
- PVTSA Pressure Vacuum Temperature Swing Adsorption
- the fluid to be purified contains mainly hydrogen, as indicated above, as well as water, oxygen and possibly nitrogen.
- the water content is generally between 20 ppmv and 1.5 mol%, preferably 50 ppmv and 1.5 mol%, more preferably between 100 ppmv and 1.5 mol%, advantageously between 200 ppmv and 1.5 mol%.
- the oxygen content in the flow is generally between 5 ppmv and 1 mol%, preferably between 5 ppmv and 5000 ppmv, more preferably between 5 ppmv and 3000 ppmv, better still between 5 ppmv and 1000 ppmv.
- the nitrogen content is between 0 and 1 mol%, generally between 10 ppmv and 1 mol%.
- the method according to the present invention can be implemented according to any conventional gas separation method, and for example by passage through one or more columns (also called “adsorber(s)” or more simply “reactor(s)”) comprising at least one bed of zeolitic adsorbent material as just defined.
- the method of the invention is implemented with at least two adsorbers, in particular when working in continuous flow, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
- the fluid to be purified is brought into contact with the zeolite adsorbent material at a pressure generally between 0.5 MPa and 5 MPa, preferably between 0.9 MPa and 5 MPa, more preferably between 1.5 MPa and 5 MPa, and at a temperature between 10°C and 100°C, preferably between 15°C and 90°C, advantageously between 20°C and 60°C, typically between 25°C and 55°C.
- the bed of zeolitic adsorbent material is regenerated, i.e. desorbed either by reducing the pressure and counter-current evacuation (PSA and VPSA processes), or by reducing the temperature (TSA process), possibly associated with reducing the pressure and counter-current evacuation (PVTSA process).
- PSA and VPSA processes the desorption pressure is generally between 0.1 MPa and 1 MPa on the one hand and 500 Pa and 95 kPa on the other.
- the desorption temperature is close to the adsorption temperature, in other words, no intentional modification of the temperature is generally made.
- a purge phase can be implemented at the end of the desorption phase, typically by countercurrent reintroduction of a fraction of the purified gas, typically less than 20% of the flow rate produced by an adsorber.
- the method of the present invention may also comprise one or more pressure equalization phases between the possible different adsorbers.
- the pressure equalization phase(s) may advantageously be carried out between the adsorption and desorption phases, according to techniques also well known to those skilled in the art.
- the advantage of providing one or more pressure equalization phases is in particular to minimize as much as possible the hydrogen losses in the entire method.
- a fraction of the purified gas (typically less than 20% of the flow rate produced by the adsorber) is heated to a temperature between 40°C and 250°C, then injected countercurrently onto the adsorber, possibly at a reduced pressure relative to the adsorption phase (PVTSA), i.e. between 1 kPa and 3 MPa.
- PVTSA adsorption phase
- different pressure equalization and purge configurations can be envisaged.
- the adsorption and desorption phases follow one another cyclically.
- the process may optionally include a cooling system integrated into the adsorber, the purpose of which is to avoid or at least minimize excessive heating of the adsorbent bed, which would inhibit the adsorption of water by the zeolitic adsorbent granular material, as indicated above.
- the process may also include a step of drying the gas flow, before and/or after passing over the zeolitic adsorbent material comprising at least one metal according to the invention.
- the method of the invention thus has many advantages, and in particular that of being able to both reduce the dissolved oxygen in the hydrogen flow and adsorb the water possibly already present in the hydrogen flow as well as the water formed by the reduction of the dissolved oxygen.
- the method of the invention thus makes it possible to easily obtain, on an industrial level, hydrogen flows and in particular electrolytic hydrogen flows, comprising less than 5 ppmv of oxygen, and less than 1 ppmv of water, and more specifically a hydrogen flow with a purity greater than 99.97% and more specifically still greater than 99.98% by volume, better still greater than 99.99% by volume. These percentages are calculated from measurements of the quantities of residual impurities.
- the quantities of impurities are determined using an ionization mass spectrometer as indicated below.
- a purified hydrogen stream obtained according to the method described above and its use as fuel, as industrial reagent, in the electrical and electronic fields, and in particular in fuel cells, but also to supply organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) cycles, such as toluene (methylcyclohexane) or other aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzyltoluene or dibenzyltoluene (see for example international applications WO2014082801 and WO2021176170), to name just a few known applications, and more generally for syntheses in the chemical, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industries.
- LOHC organic hydrogen carrier
- the invention relates to the use of the zeolitic adsorbent material as defined above for the purification of a hydrogen flow, and in particular for the purification of electrolytic hydrogen.
- the invention relates to a process for preparing high-purity hydrogen comprising at least the following steps:
- step 2) purification of the hydrogen stream recovered in step 2) by passage over a zeolitic adsorbent material, as defined previously, and
- the process for preparing high-purity hydrogen according to the invention comprises a step 1) of electrolysis which can be carried out in a conventional manner well known to those skilled in the art.
- the measurement of the Si/Al molar ratio and the exchange rate is carried out by any analytical chemical analysis techniques known to those skilled in the art. Among these techniques, mention may be made of the X-ray fluorescence chemical analysis technique as described in standard NF EN ISO 12677: 2011 on a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDXRF), for example Tiger S8 from Bruker.
- WDXRF wavelength dispersive spectrometer
- X-ray fluorescence is a spectral technique exploiting the photoluminescence of atoms in the X-ray domain, to establish the elemental composition of a sample.
- the excitation of atoms generally by an X-ray beam or by bombardment with electrons, generates specific radiations after return to the fundamental state of the atom.
- the X-ray fluorescence spectrum has the advantage of depending very little on the chemical combination of the element, which offers a precise determination, both quantitative and qualitative. A measurement uncertainty of less than 0.4% by weight is conventionally obtained after calibration for each oxide.
- the Si/Al molar ratio of the zeolite present in the zeolitic adsorbent material is measured by solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of silicon.
- NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- the amount of metal present in the zeolite adsorbent material is also obtained from X-ray fluorescence analysis, as indicated above, and is expressed in % by mass of metal.
- a set of images is taken at a magnification of at least 5000.
- the diameter of at least 200 particles is then measured using dedicated software, for example the Smile View software from the publisher LoGraMi.
- the accuracy is of the order of 3%.
- the measurement of the histogram formed from said diameter measurements allows at the same time the determination of the standard deviation o of its distribution.
- the determination of the volume average diameter of zeolite adsorbents is carried out by analysis of the particle size distribution of a sample of agglomerates by imaging according to ISO 13322-2:2006, using a conveyor belt allowing the sample to pass in front of the camera lens.
- volume mean diameter is then calculated from the particle size distribution by applying the ISO 9276-2:2001 standard.
- volume mean diameter or “size” is used for zeolite agglomerates.
- accuracy is of the order of 0.01 mm for the agglomerate size range of the invention.
- DRX X-ray diffraction analysis
- the zeolite materials Prior to the measurement, the zeolite materials are crushed then spread and smoothed on a sample holder by simple mechanical compression.
- the volume of Dubinin (or microporous V mi ) is determined in a conventional manner well known to those skilled in the art, in particular from the measurement of the adsorption isotherm of a gas at its liquefaction temperature, for example nitrogen, argon, oxygen, and others. Preferably, nitrogen is used.
- a gas at its liquefaction temperature for example nitrogen, argon, oxygen, and others.
- nitrogen is used.
- the zeolite crystals of the invention are degassed between 300°C and 450°C for a period ranging from 9 hours to 16 hours, under vacuum (pressure ⁇ 6.7.10' 4 Pa).
- the measurement of the nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77K is then carried out on a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 type device, taking at least 35 measurement points at relative pressures with a P/P0 ratio between 0.002 and 1.
- the micropore volume is determined according to the Dubinin and Rohskevitch equation from the isotherm obtained, applying the ISO 15901-3:2007 standard.
- the micropore volume thus evaluated is expressed in cm 3 of liquid adsorbent per gram of anhydrous adsorbent.
- the measurement uncertainty is ⁇ 0.003 cm 3 g' 1 .
- a hydrogen stream is recovered from an electrolyzer at a temperature of 50°C.
- the hydrogen stream is pressurized to 0.8 MPa.
- the hydrogen stream contains 3000 ppmv of oxygen, 1000 ppmv of water.
- the electrolytic hydrogen flow to be purified is introduced into a column containing 1 liter of zeolitic adsorbent material.
- the contact time between the flow and said zeolitic adsorbent material is set at 10 seconds.
- the zeolitic adsorbent material consists of 1 mm diameter beads obtained by agglomeration, with 20% by weight of binder, of H-MFI zeolite crystals (protonated MFI), with a Si/Al ratio equal to 12.5, with a copper content of 4% by weight, and a palladium content of 0.2% by weight.
- the purified hydrogen flow recovered at the column outlet is analyzed using an ionization mass spectrometer.
- the oxygen content is confirmed by a measurement carried out using a galvanic cell from GMACX and the residual water content is confirmed using a hygrometric probe from Panametrics.
- the hydrogen thus purified contains 2 ppmv of oxygen and 0.3 ppmv of water.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2301830A FR3146138B1 (fr) | 2023-02-28 | 2023-02-28 | Purification d’hydrogène électrolytique |
| PCT/FR2024/050253 WO2024180300A1 (fr) | 2023-02-28 | 2024-02-28 | Purification d'hydrogène électrolytique |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4673396A1 true EP4673396A1 (fr) | 2026-01-07 |
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| EP24710809.5A Pending EP4673396A1 (fr) | 2023-02-28 | 2024-02-28 | Purification d'hydrogène électrolytique |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260233146A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4673396A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2026507688A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250139866A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120813540A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2024230439A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3146138B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024180300A1 (fr) |
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| FR3170337A1 (fr) * | 2024-12-20 | 2026-06-26 | Arkema France | Procédé de séchage de gaz |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3033642A (en) * | 1959-08-31 | 1962-05-08 | Union Carbide Corp | Method of removing hydrogen and oxygen from gaseous mixtures |
| JP3462560B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-04 | 2003-11-05 | 日本パイオニクス株式会社 | 水素ガスの精製方法 |
| FR2775618B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-03 | 2000-05-05 | Air Liquide | Adsorbant a taux d'echange heterogene et procede psa mettant en oeuvre un tel adsorbant |
| FR2804675B1 (fr) | 2000-02-08 | 2002-06-14 | Ceca Sa | Procede pour l'elimination dans les gaz des oxydes d'azote nox par reduction catalytique selective (scr) a l'ammoniac sur catalyseurs zeolitiques agglomeres ne provoquant pas la formation de protoxyde d'azote |
| EP1148025B1 (fr) * | 2000-04-20 | 2007-08-01 | Tosoh Corporation | Procédé pour purifier un mélange de gaz contenant d'hydrogène |
| DE102012221809A1 (de) | 2012-11-28 | 2014-05-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Flüssige Verbindungen und Verfahren zu deren Verwendung als Wasserstoffspeicher |
| FR3009300B1 (fr) | 2013-08-05 | 2022-11-25 | Ceca Sa | Zeolithes a porosite hierarchisee |
| FR3010071B1 (fr) | 2013-09-02 | 2015-08-21 | Ceca Sa | Zeolithes a porosite hierarchisee |
| DE102016012391A1 (de) | 2016-10-18 | 2018-04-19 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Anlage zur Gewinnung von Wasserstoff |
| US11420869B2 (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2022-08-23 | Uop Llc | Process for removing oxygen from a hydrogen stream |
| US11447390B2 (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2022-09-20 | Uop Llc | Process for removing oxygen from a hydrogen stream |
| FR3107843B1 (fr) | 2020-03-03 | 2025-04-18 | Arkema France | DÉSHYDROGÉNATION PARTIELLE de LIQUIDES ORGANIQUES |
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2023
- 2023-02-28 FR FR2301830A patent/FR3146138B1/fr active Active
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- 2024-02-28 WO PCT/FR2024/050253 patent/WO2024180300A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-02-28 US US19/160,314 patent/US20260233146A1/en active Pending
- 2024-02-28 CN CN202480014966.2A patent/CN120813540A/zh active Pending
- 2024-02-28 JP JP2025550159A patent/JP2026507688A/ja active Pending
- 2024-02-28 EP EP24710809.5A patent/EP4673396A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-02-28 AU AU2024230439A patent/AU2024230439A1/en active Pending
- 2024-02-28 KR KR1020257028685A patent/KR20250139866A/ko active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2024180300A1 (fr) | 2024-09-06 |
| AU2024230439A1 (en) | 2025-09-04 |
| FR3146138B1 (fr) | 2026-06-12 |
| JP2026507688A (ja) | 2026-03-04 |
| KR20250139866A (ko) | 2025-09-23 |
| US20260233146A1 (en) | 2026-08-13 |
| CN120813540A (zh) | 2025-10-17 |
| FR3146138A1 (fr) | 2024-08-30 |
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