EP4638332A1 - Bremse mit vorspannelement - Google Patents
Bremse mit vorspannelementInfo
- Publication number
- EP4638332A1 EP4638332A1 EP23818524.3A EP23818524A EP4638332A1 EP 4638332 A1 EP4638332 A1 EP 4638332A1 EP 23818524 A EP23818524 A EP 23818524A EP 4638332 A1 EP4638332 A1 EP 4638332A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- brake
- clamp
- housing
- bearing
- brake clamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B17/00—Hoistway equipment
- B66B17/34—Safe lift clips; Keps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a brake for an elevator, a method for mounting the brake on a traveling body, a traveling body for an elevator and an elevator.
- a cabin In an elevator, a cabin is typically moved vertically along a travel path between different floors or levels within a building. At least in tall buildings, a type of elevator is used in which the cabin is held by rope or belt-like support elements and is moved within an elevator shaft by moving the support elements using a drive machine. In order to at least partially compensate for the load of the cabin to be moved by the drive machine, a counterweight is attached to an opposite end of the support elements.
- the cabin and counterweight are the traveling bodies of the elevator system. In order to protect the traveling bodies from falling along the travel path, the traveling bodies are often equipped with brakes. Such traveling body brakes can be designed as hydraulic brakes.
- US9688510B2 shows such a hydraulic brake in which a spring for preloading a hydraulic brake is housed in the brake cylinder.
- US10450165B2 also shows springs for preloading a hydraulic brake in the brake cylinder.
- springs are typically designed to be preloaded by a spring in a braking position and released by a hydraulic actuator.
- a brake solves the problem.
- the brake for a traveling body of an elevator comprises: a housing, a brake clamp, a first brake pad, a second brake pad, and a hydraulic element.
- the brake clamp is designed to cause a clamping force of the brake along a second line of action and to transfer this clamping force to the first brake pad and the second brake pad.
- the brake clamp surrounds the housing.
- the hydraulic element is designed to cause a release force on the brake clamp along a first line of action in order to widen the brake clamp. Widening the brake clamp releases the brake.
- a removable pre-tensioning element is designed to tension the brake clamp from an untensioned position to a pre-tensioned position.
- a traveling body solves the problem.
- the traveling body has a brake according to the first aspect of the invention.
- an elevator solves the problem.
- the elevator has a brake according to the first aspect of the invention or a traveling body according to the second aspect of the invention.
- a method for mounting the brake according to the first aspect of the invention on a vehicle body solves the problem.
- the method comprises the steps:
- the brake for the traveling body of an elevator serves to create a braking force on a brake rail that counteracts the direction of movement of the traveling body.
- the chassis can be a cabin or a counterweight.
- the housing is primarily used for attachment to the chassis, or to a movable attachment option on the chassis, for example.
- the chassis preferably has a brake sliding bearing, which is used for a movable or floating attachment of the brake to the chassis.
- the hydraulic element is preferably firmly connected to the housing.
- the brake clamp is used to be pre-tensioned and to store the energy in the pre-tensioned state in order to apply the energy as a clamping force to the first and second brake pads when required.
- the brake can be activated. Then no release force acts along the first line of action because the hydraulic element is retracted. Along the second line of action, the force of the brake clamp, which is still widened even when the brake is activated, is transferred as a clamping force to the first and second brake pads. With this clamping force, the first and second brake pads are pressed onto the brake rail or can be pressed onto the brake rail.
- the clamping force depends on the expansion of the brake clamp. The more the brake clamp is widened, the greater the clamping force. The expansion of the brake clamp depends, for example, on how much the brake pads have worn down. The more worn down the brake pads are, the less the brake clamp is widened and the smaller the clamping force.
- the clamping force can also be adjusted by changing the thickness of a pre-tensioning element with an adjustable thickness. The thicker the pre-tensioning element is set, the greater the clamping force.
- the braking force can also be adjusted using the clamping force.
- the brake can be released. Then there is no clamping force along the second line of action, as the brake pads do not touch the brake rail.
- the hydraulic element is designed to widen the brake clamp.
- the force applied by the hydraulics is called the release force.
- the release force depends on the widening of the brake clamp. The more the brake clamp is widened by the hydraulic element, the greater the release force. Since the hydraulics widen the brake clamp further than is the case when the brake is activated, the release force of a brake is greater than the clamping force.
- both the release force and the clamping force contribute to the expansion of the clamping element, for example half each.
- the brake clamp is designed as a C-spring package.
- C-spring packages i.e. packages made up of several layers of C-shaped springs, are known from brakes and in particular from safety gears. They have many advantages over other springs. For example, they have a longer service life. In addition, safety is higher because even if one of the springs fails, there is only a minimal reduction in the spring force.
- a hydraulic bearing and a counter bearing transmit the release force to the brake clamp, wherein the hydraulic bearing and counter bearing are designed as a pressure bearing point and/or a first brake bearing and a second brake bearing transmit the clamping force to the brake clamp, wherein the first brake bearing and the second brake bearing are designed as a pressure bearing point.
- a pressure bearing point is suitable for transmitting a pressure force from a first body to an adjacent second body.
- at least one of the two bodies is curved outwards with a first protruding curvature radius.
- the other body is flat.
- the second body can also be curved outwards. It can also be advantageous for the second body to be curved inwards at the pressure bearing point with a second curvature radius that is larger than the first curvature radius. This allows the curvature of the first body to lie stably in the curved depression of the second body.
- the local curvature geometry can be cylindrical, ellipsoidal or spherical.
- the hydraulic bearing is the pressure bearing point between the brake clamp and the hydraulic element at which the release force caused by the hydraulic element is transmitted as a pressure force to the brake clamp.
- the counter bearing is the pressure bearing point between the brake clamp and the hydraulic element at which the release force caused by the hydraulic element is transmitted from the housing directly or indirectly as a pressure force to the brake clamp.
- the hydraulic bearing and the counter bearing are therefore on the first line of action.
- the first brake bearing is the pressure bearing point at which the brake clamp transfers the clamping force directly or indirectly to the first brake pad.
- the second brake bearing is also the pressure bearing point at which the brake clamp transfers the clamping force directly or indirectly to the second brake pad.
- the first brake bearing and the second brake bearing are on the second line of action.
- the clamping force is transmitted along the second line of action from the first brake bearing to the first brake pad and from the second brake bearing to the second brake pad.
- the first and second brake pads each press onto the brake rail with the clamping force. This clamping force causes the braking force on the brake rail via friction.
- the braking force is then introduced from the brake pad via the housing into the chassis and causes the chassis to decelerate.
- the first and second lines of action preferably run parallel to one another.
- the first line of action and the second line of action are preferably spaced apart from one another.
- the hydraulic element has a cylinder and a piston.
- the hydraulic piston is preferably attached to the housing.
- the cylinder moves linearly, preferably along the first line of action.
- the hydraulic element is designed such that in the retracted position it has a preferably small amount of play with the brake clamp. In the extended position, the hydraulic element widens the brake clamp so much that the brake pads are lifted off a brake rail.
- the release force is generated by the hydraulic element when the brake is released.
- the release force widens the brake clamp and thereby releases the brake.
- the first and second brake pads are therefore lifted off the brake rail.
- the clamping force is caused by the brake clamp because it is pre-tensioned.
- the clamping force acts on the brake clamp. Since the hydraulic element does not exert any force on the brake clamp in this state, this clamping force acts exclusively on the first and second brake pads. Since the released brake has a widened brake clamp, the release force is greater than the clamping force.
- Lines of action are straight lines. Forces act on bodies along the lines of action. When the brake is released, for example, the hydraulic piston presses on the brake clamps. The brake clamp is therefore subjected to an opposing release force at two points. The first line of action connects these two points and runs along the direction of the two opposing release forces. As a result, the release forces do not cause a moment on the brake clamp.
- the bearing body preferably has at least two brakes. It is also advantageous to operate two brake circuits, each with two brakes, with a first brake of the brake circuit braking on a first brake rail. A second brake of the same brake circuit brakes on a second brake rail, which runs opposite the first brake rail on the bearing body.
- the forces on the brake clamp are therefore essentially introduced via the four thrust bearing points.
- the brake clamp surrounds the housing.
- the brake clamp is therefore located outside the housing and essentially only has the four thrust bearing points as a connection to the rest of the brake.
- the brake can therefore be very easily separated into the housing and the one or more brake clamps for assembly.
- the complete brake can be very heavy and would therefore be difficult to install.
- the housing and the one or more brake clamps individually have a weight that is easy for a fitter to handle.
- These individual parts of the brake can, for example, be less than 10 kg or less than 5 kg. This makes the installation of the individual parts, such as the housing or the individual brake clamps, easy to carry out. The brake can therefore be easily installed.
- the brake is either assembled on site or delivered in individual parts. If the brake is delivered assembled, it is ensured that all components are present in the correct version and belong together exactly as they are delivered.
- Components in this context can be the brake clamp, the housing, the preload element, the brake pads and/or the counter bearing element. Mixing the brake clamps with brake clamps from another brake is therefore practically impossible.
- the brake is preferably dismantled for assembly into its individual parts, in particular the housing, clamping element and Counterholder body, disassembled. It can therefore be advantageous to deliver the disassembled individual parts directly to the construction site.
- the method may include a further step of removing the brake clamp from the brake before the housing is fitted.
- the brake is delivered to a construction site as a complete unit, including the brake clamp, preload element and counterholder body. Removing the brake clamp from the brake on site immediately before assembly ensures that the correct brake clamp is installed afterwards. This can be important, for example, because a different brake clamp would result in too high or too low a braking force.
- the process may include a further step of removing the preload element from the brake before the brake clamp is fitted to the housing. Removing the preload element from the brake on site just before installation ensures that the correct preload element is installed afterwards.
- the preload element may, for example, have a marking that indicates the correct preload, for example for this particular lift. Therefore, it may be important to install the correct preload element.
- the process may include an additional step of removing the retainer body from the brake before fitting the brake clamp to the housing. Removing the retainer body from the brake on site just before installation ensures that the correct retainer body is installed afterwards.
- the thickness of the retainer body may be matched to the brake clamp and/or the preload element. Therefore, it is important to fit the correct retainer body.
- the housing is attached to the chassis without the other components.
- Components in this context can be the brake clamp, the housing, the preload element, the brake pads and/or the counter bearing element.
- the housing is much lighter and can therefore be installed more easily by a fitter alone.
- the counter bearing body is removable so that when the counter bearing body is removed, the brake clamp can be placed around the housing. If the retaining body were on the housing, the brake clamp would already have to be widened to fit over the housing along the first line of action. This step would require a lot of force. For example, the use of special tools might be necessary to be able to widen the brake clamp.
- the method may include a further step of applying the
- the brake clamp is relatively heavy. It is therefore advantageous to attach the housing to the chassis without the brake clamp and to attach the brake clamp to the housing in a subsequent step.
- the brake clamp can already be attached to the housing when the housing is attached.
- the brake clamp is loosely held to the housing by loops or hooks. This ensures that the brake clamps of different brakes cannot be accidentally mixed up.
- the pre-tensioning element is preferably attached by simply positioning it between the first brake pad and the brake clamp.
- the pre-tensioning element can also be attached to the chassis together with the brake housing.
- it can be connected to the housing by means of a pin, for example, so that it is at least temporarily held to the housing even without the tensioned brake clamp.
- the preload element is spread and the brake clamp is widened to create enough space between the housing and the brake clamp to insert the counter bearing body.
- the expansion of the pre-tensioning element initially presses the first brake pad and the second brake pad onto the brake rail. As soon as these are in contact with the brake rail, a clamping force builds up along the second line of action. Due to this clamping force, the brake clamp expands along the second line of action and along the first line of action. Previously, the space along the The first lines of action between the brake clamp and the housing are too narrow to provide space for the counter bearing body. By widening the brake clamp, there is enough space after this step.
- the pre-tensioning element can translate a driving force, for example the muscle power of the fitter or the power of a cordless screwdriver, to a very high degree and thus widen the brake clamp.
- the pre-tensioning element is also designed to be self-locking. This means that the setting, i.e. the thickness of the pre-tensioning element, is maintained even when the clamping force acts on the pre-tensioning element.
- the prestressing element has a first support element, a second support element, a first wedge element and a second wedge element.
- the first wedge element and the second wedge element can be forced between the first support element and the second support element such that the first support element and the second support element move away from each other and thus widen the prestressing element.
- Both the support elements and the wedge elements are preferably made of metal, and in particular steel.
- the support elements are designed to bear the load of the clamping force.
- the clamping force is transmitted via obliquely arranged support element surfaces to similarly obliquely arranged wedge element surfaces. By moving the wedge elements along the wedge element surfaces, the distance between the first support element and the second support elements changes.
- the pre-tensioning element can, for example, be dismantled before the brake is installed and is then a separate component. This allows the dismantled pre-tensioning element to be stored at the work site without it falling apart into further parts. In particular, the pre-tensioning element can be removed without dismantling the pre-tensioning element into individual parts.
- the method may include a further step, namely adjusting the braking force by adjusting the width of the pre-tensioning element. If the pre-tensioning device is tensioned further, i.e. the distance between the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate is increased, then the normal force on the brake rail increases. This is the case when the hydraulic element is deactivated.
- the pre-tensioning device is spread to a predefined width which was, for example, set in the factory specifically for the elevator for which the brake is intended.
- the brake can then be tested, for example by means of a braking test in which a braking track length is determined. A determined braking power can be determined from the braking track length.
- the pre-tensioning can then be adjusted in order to presumably adapt the braking power to a desired braking power after the adjustment.
- the method can include a further step, namely connecting the hydraulic line to the hydraulic element.
- the advantage of this method is that the brake can generate a braking force after installation on the brake rail.
- the further installation of the traveling body can therefore take place on a securely held part of the traveling body.
- the traveling body can therefore only be partially assembled initially.
- the partially assembled traveling body can, for example, include a floor structure of the cabin.
- electrical cables, control components, cabin walls and/or a hydraulic unit can be installed later.
- the hydraulic element can remain unconnected.
- the brake only needs to be connected to a hydraulic system when the traveling body is to move.
- Fig. 1 an elevator
- Fig. 2 a brake with a C-spring package as brake clamp
- Fig. 3 a brake with a brake caliper as brake clamp
- Fig. 4 a section through a brake
- Fig. 5 a prestressing element in an isometric view
- Fig. 6 a section through an unstressed prestressing element
- Fig. 7 shows a section through an expanded prestressing element.
- the drive is located in a machine room 3.
- FIG. 2 and Fig. 3 show two alternative embodiments of the brake clamp 16 on an otherwise similar brake 10.
- a fastening area 15 serves to fasten the brake to a traveling body, and in particular to a displaceable brake sliding bearing on a cabin.
- the brake clamp 16 surrounds the housing 14 of the brake 10.
- the brake clamp 16 is designed so that it can expand.
- the brake clamp 16 is designed as a spring 17.
- the spring 17 is formed by a C-spring package 26, which consists of individual C-leaf springs 27.
- the spring 17 causes the clamping force of the brake 10.
- the brake clamp 16 is designed as a brake caliper.
- the brake caliper comprises a first clamping arm 21 and a second clamping arm 22, which are connected by a brake caliper joint 23.
- the first clamping arm 21 and the second clamping arm 22 engage around the housing 14 of the brake 10.
- the brake caliper has a brake caliper spring 20 to effect the clamping force of the brake caliper.
- the hydraulic element 18, in particular the hydraulic piston 19, and the counterholder body 28 are arranged along the line of action 51.
- the hydraulic piston 19 In a braking position, the hydraulic piston 19 is retracted into the hydraulic element 18.
- the hydraulic bearing 30 In the hydraulic bearing 30, there is preferably a clearance between the brake clamp 16 and the hydraulic piston 19.
- the counter bearing 31 In the counter bearing 31, there is a clearance and the brake clamp is preferably spaced apart from the counterholder body 28. No force is therefore transmitted along the first line of action 51.
- the clamping force caused by the brake clamp 16 is therefore transmitted completely along the second line of action 52.
- the clamping force is transmitted to the housing 14 via a preload element 80.
- the housing 14 is also firmly connected to the first brake pad holder 63 and the first brake pad 61 held thereon. connected.
- the clamping force is transmitted to the plungers 71 via a bearing plate 43.
- the plungers 71 are also firmly connected to the second brake pad holder 64 and the second brake pad 62 held thereon.
- the plungers 71 are guided in a linear guide 70 so as to be linearly displaceable.
- the linear guide 70 is designed as a bore.
- a brake rail is clamped between the first brake pad 61 and the second brake pad 62, thereby generating the braking effect.
- the brake rail is not shown, but causes the distance between the first brake pad 61 and the second brake pad 62, so that a clamping force acts along the second line of action 52, which widens the brake clamp 16.
- the brake 10 is preferably delivered to the construction site.
- the fitter now first relaxes the pre-tensioning element and removes it from the brake 10.
- the brake clamp 16 and the counterholder body 28 are also preferably removed from the brake 10.
- the housing 14 can then be attached to the chassis. Holes are drilled in the attachment area 15 for this purpose.
- the brake clamp 16 is then attached to the housing 14. This step is only necessary if the brake clamp 16 has been removed at all. This is advantageous, however, because the housing 14 is much lighter without the brake clamp 16 and is therefore easier to attach.
- the pre-tensioning element 80 can then be tensioned. This initially pushes the first brake pad 61 and the second brake pad 62 onto the brake rail. As soon as these are in contact with the brake rail, a clamping force builds up which widens the brake clamp 16 to create enough space between the housing 14 and the brake clamp 16 to insert the counter bearing body 28.
- the counter bearing body 28 is inserted into this space between the housing 14 and the brake clamp 16.
- the use of the mark has the advantage that the brake 10 is then correctly adjusted and reliably delivers the correct braking force.
- the braking force can be measured and adjusted using the pre-tensioning device 80.
- the hydraulic line 102 is connected to the hydraulic system much later. Namely, only when the chassis is essentially finished. Then the chassis has electricity and can operate a hydraulic unit. Before that, the chassis is safely protected against displacement during the installation phase by the fully activated brakes.
- Fig. 4 shows a section through the brake 10 with a C-spring assembly 26 as already shown in Fig. 2.
- the explanations for Fig. 2 also apply to Fig. 4.
- the C-spring assemblies 26 are formed by stacking individual C-leaf springs 27.
- Two hydraulic elements 18 each expand two C-spring assemblies 26, so that the brake 10 has four C-spring assemblies 26.
- Two C-spring assemblies 26 each press on one of two bearing plates 43.
- Each of the bearing plates 43 is connected to three tappets 71. All six tappets 71 are connected at the other end to the second brake pad holder 64.
- the tappets 71 are each mounted in a linear guide 70.
- the three auxiliary springs 75 serve to lift the second brake pad 62 from the brake rail and to always keep the bearing plate 43 in contact with the brake clamp 16.
- the brake 10 is mounted on the cabin via a brake plain bearing 12.
- Brake 10 can move horizontally, i.e. along the axis of rotation of the Brake slide bearing 12, in order to be able to follow the unevenness of the rail faster than the cabin.
- the brake slide bearing 12 can transfer the braking forces to the cabin or the chassis.
- Fig. 5 shows a detailed view of the pre-tensioning element, which is designed in the same way as the two pre-tensioning elements 80 in Fig. 4.
- the pre-tensioning element 80 has a first support element 81, a second support element 82, a first wedge element 91 and a second wedge element 92.
- the tension element 93 which is designed here as a screw, runs through a threadless hole in the second wedge element 92 and is screwed into a thread in the first wedge element 91. By tightening the screw, the pre-tensioning element 80 is widened. The distance between the first support element 81 and the second support element 82 is thus increased.
- Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show a section through a pre-tensioning element 80.
- the pre-tensioning element 80 is not widened.
- the wedge element surfaces 98 only rest loosely on the support element surfaces 97.
- the first support element 81 and the second support element 82 have the minimum possible distance from each other.
- the tension element 93 which is designed as a screw
- the first wedge element 91 and the second wedge element 92 are pressed between the first support element 81 and the second support element 82.
- the wedge element surfaces 98 slide on the support element surfaces 97.
- the widening of the pre-tensioning element 80 depends directly on the shortening of the tension element 93.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22216284 | 2022-12-23 | ||
| PCT/EP2023/085231 WO2024132655A1 (de) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-12 | Bremse mit vorspannelement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4638332A1 true EP4638332A1 (de) | 2025-10-29 |
Family
ID=84602568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23818524.3A Pending EP4638332A1 (de) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-12 | Bremse mit vorspannelement |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4638332A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120344476A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2023412037A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024132655A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3090809B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-05 | 2000-09-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 自走式エレベータ |
| PT1294631E (pt) * | 2000-05-25 | 2004-11-30 | Inventio Ag | Dispositivo de frenagem para um ascensor |
| WO2014021896A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-06 | Otis Elevator Company | Hydraulic brake system for elevator |
| DE102014206461A1 (de) | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Thyssen Krupp Elevator Ag | Aufzug mit einer Bremsvorrichtung |
-
2023
- 2023-12-12 CN CN202380088181.5A patent/CN120344476A/zh active Pending
- 2023-12-12 EP EP23818524.3A patent/EP4638332A1/de active Pending
- 2023-12-12 AU AU2023412037A patent/AU2023412037A1/en active Pending
- 2023-12-12 WO PCT/EP2023/085231 patent/WO2024132655A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2023412037A1 (en) | 2025-07-03 |
| CN120344476A (zh) | 2025-07-18 |
| WO2024132655A1 (de) | 2024-06-27 |
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