Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
  • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
  • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
  • H01M8/248—Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
  • H01M8/2404—Processes or apparatus for grouping fuel cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
  • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
  • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
  • H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a cartridge and a dimensional compensation system, for maintaining in compression a stack of electrochemical cells belonging to a fuel cell, relates to a fuel cell comprising such a compression subassembly and relates to a use of such a cartridge .
• a compressive force is applied to this second end plate using a dimensional compensation system, including in particular one or more springs. It is known to provide that the springs ensure traction of the second end plate in the direction of the first using tie rods to compress the stack. As another solution, it is known to interpose springs in compression between the second end plate and a fixed plate belonging to the casing, so that the springs push the second end plate towards the first to thus ensure the compression of the stack . In both cases, the mobility of the second end plate allows compensation for any expansion or contraction of the stack according to the stacking direction, while the stack is kept compressed between the two end plates under the action of the springs. .
• the invention more particularly intends to remedy, by proposing new solutions for simplifying the compression of a stack of electrochemical cells while improving the precision of this compression.
• the subject of the invention is a cartridge, for maintaining in compression, in a compression direction, a stack of electrochemical cells belonging to a fuel cell, the cartridge comprising a base, via which the cartridge is configured to be retained in the opposite direction to the direction of compression, when the base is received in a receiving orifice secured to, or belonging to, the fuel cell.
• the cartridge also comprises a foot, which is arranged in the direction of compression relative to the base, being slidable relative to the base parallel to the direction of compression, and which is configured to come to bear against the stack following the direction of compression when the base is received in the receiving orifice.
• the cartridge also includes a spring, which is supported on the base to apply a pressing force on the foot following the direction of compression.
• the cartridge also comprises a holding system, which comprises a primary retaining portion, secured to the base, and a secondary retaining portion, secured to the foot, the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion being configured to: be coupled with each other when the cartridge is in a pre-stressed configuration, the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion thus coupled preventing the sliding of the foot relative to the base in the direction of compression; and be decoupled from one another when the cartridge is in a released configuration, the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion thus decoupled allowing the foot to slide relative to the base in the direction of compression.
• a holding system which comprises a primary retaining portion, secured to the base, and a secondary retaining portion, secured to the foot, the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion being configured to: be coupled with each other when the cartridge is in a pre-stressed configuration, the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion thus coupled preventing the sliding of the foot relative to the base in the direction of compression; and be decoupled from
• the compression of the stack is easily achievable, in that the foot of the cartridge can advantageously be placed against the stack and the base can be inserted into the orifice reception to be retained there, while the cartridge is in pre-stressed configuration, where the action of the spring on the foot is contained by the holding system.
• the possibility of individually putting the cartridge in a preloaded configuration, in particular, while the cartridge is outside the fuel cell makes it possible to obtain that the mounting of the spring in the fuel cell, carried out by mounting the cartridge, is done while the spring is already pre-loaded in the cartridge and is not likely to be accidentally released, as long as the cartridge is not otherwise interposed between the stack and the receiving port.
• the cartridge can easily be put into the released configuration by releasing the primary and secondary retaining portions from each other, so that the compression force generated by the spring is transmitted to the stack via the foot, while the foot rests against the stack and the cartridge is retained by the receiving orifice. Furthermore, the fact of being able to put the cartridge in a pre-stressed configuration makes it possible to determine in advance the value of the compression force which will then be applied to the stack, in that the adjustment of the value of the compression force Compression can be carried out at the time of putting the cartridge into the pre-stressed configuration, that is to say, before placing the cartridge in the fuel cell.
• the holding system is configured to allow adjustment of a foot holding position, defined relative to the base and for which the holding system prevents the foot from sliding, among a continuous range of foot positions following the direction of compression, in order to adjust the value of the pressing force applied by the spring.
• the holding system comprises a holding member, via which the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion are coupled, when the cartridge is in pre-stressed configuration.
• the holding member comprises a head and a threaded body.
• the primary retaining portion forms a shoulder.
• the secondary retaining portion forms a threaded barrel parallel to the direction of compression, the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion being coupled with one another when the head is resting against the next shoulder the direction of compression and that the threaded body is engaged with the tapped barrel.
• the base forms an external thread, so that the cartridge can be retained in the opposite direction to the direction of compression by engagement of the external thread with an internal thread formed by the receiving orifice, when the base is received in the receiving port.
• the spring is a compression spring interposed between the base and the foot in the direction of compression.
• the invention also relates to a dimensional compensation system comprising the cartridge as defined above and a support wall, distinct from the cartridge and forming the receiving orifice, the receiving orifice being shaped to receive the base so that, when the base is thus received, the foot of said cartridge protrudes from the support wall in the direction of compression and the base is accessible from an exterior face of the support wall, then at the opposite of the foot.
• the receiving orifice and the base are shaped so that the base can be received in the receiving orifice by inserting the cartridge into the receiving orifice following the direction of compression, the receiving orifice , the spring and the foot being shaped so that the spring and the foot can pass through the receiving orifice when inserting the base into the receiving orifice following the direction of compression.
• the receiving orifice and the base are shaped so that the base can be received in the receiving orifice by inserting the cartridge into the receiving orifice in the opposite direction to the direction of compression.
• the receiving orifice and the base are configured to allow adjustment of a support position of the base, defined relative to the support wall and for which the base is retained when the base is received in the receiving orifice, among a continuous range of positions of the base following the direction of compression.
• the invention also relates to a fuel cell comprising the dimensional compensation system as defined above, in which the cartridge is in the released configuration and the base is received in the receiving orifice so as to be retained by relative to the support wall, in the opposite direction to the direction of compression.
• the fuel cell also comprises a support wall, the support wall and the support wall being fixedly attached to each other, the support wall being arranged in the direction of compression relative to the wall support.
• the fuel cell also includes the stack of electrochemical cells, which is arranged between the support wall and the support wall while bearing against the support wall in the direction of compression, the spring of the cartridge applying the pressing force on the stack via the foot, following the direction of compression, bearing on the base, the foot being supported along the direction of compression against the stack.
• the support wall and the support wall belong to a casing of the fuel cell, the stack being received inside the casing, the casing further comprising a longitudinal wall connecting the support wall to the support wall.
• the invention also relates to a use of the cartridge as defined above, the use comprising: an application of an initial compression force on the stack using a pressing member separate from the cartridge, according to the direction of compression, while the stack rests against a support wall in the direction of compression; inserting the cartridge into the receiving port while the cartridge is in the pre-tensioned configuration, until the base is received into the receiving port to be retained in the opposite direction to the compression direction; and a released configuration of the cartridge and a release of the initial compression force, while the base is received in the receiving orifice and the foot is resting against the stack in the direction of compression, so that the spring, resting on the base, applies the compressive force on the stack via the foot, following the direction of compression.
• the initial compression force has a value greater than a value of the pressing force obtained while the cartridge is in pre-stressed configuration before the foot comes to bear against the stack.
• the initial compression force has a value greater than a sum of the values of the pressing forces obtained while the cartridges are in pre-stressed configuration, before their foot respective comes to support against the stacking.
• the use further comprises, prior to the application of the initial compression force: pressing the stack against the support wall in the direction of compression; and fixing a support wall to the support wall, the receiving orifice being formed through the support wall, the fixing of the support wall being carried out while the stack is resting against the support wall in the direction of compression, so that the support wall is arranged in the direction of compression relative to the support wall and the stack is arranged between the support wall and the support wall .
• the insertion of the cartridge into the receiving orifice is carried out while the fixing of the support wall to the supporting wall has already been carried out, the insertion of the cartridge into the receiving orifice being carried out in the direction of compression, while the initial compression force is applied, until the foot comes to rest against the stack in the direction of compression.
• the fixing of the support wall to the support wall is carried out while the insertion of the cartridge into the receiving orifice has already been carried out, so that the base is already received in the orifice reception when fixing the support wall the support wall.
• the insertion of the cartridge into the receiving orifice is carried out until the base is in a retracted position in the direction of compression, relative to the support wall.
• the use comprises a movement of the base relative to the support wall, in the direction of compression, from the retreated position to a docking position, in which the foot comes to bear against the stacking along the direction of compression, the displacement of the base being carried out while the base is received in the receiving orifice, while the fixing of the support wall has been carried out, while the initial compression force is applied and before performing the released configuration of the cartridge.
• the use further comprises, prior to insertion of the cartridge, a pre-stressed configuration of the cartridge by coupling the primary retaining portion with the secondary retaining portion, in order to bring the pressing force to a desired value for maintaining compression of the stack.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view of a cartridge constituting part of a dimensional compensation system according to a first embodiment of the invention, the cartridge being in pre-stressed configuration.
• Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the cartridge of Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of a longitudinal section of a fuel cell comprising several cartridges, in particular that of Figures 1 and 2, the cartridges being in the released configuration.
• Figure 4 is a section similar to that of Figure 3, where the fuel cell is being manufactured, according to a first mode of use of the cartridge of the previous figures.
• Figure 5 is a section similar to that of Figure 4, showing a next step in manufacturing for the first mode of use of the cartridge.
• Figure 6 is a section similar to that of Figures 4 and 5, where the dimensional compensation system is shown alone, in a step of manufacturing the fuel cell, according to a second mode of use of the cartridge of the figures previous, the cartridge being in a retracted position.
• Figure 7 is a perspective view of a cartridge, constituting part of a dimensional compensation system, according to a second embodiment of the invention, the cartridge being in pre-stressed configuration.
• Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of the cartridge of Figure 7.
• Figure 9 is a schematic section of a fuel cell during manufacture, including the dimensional compensation system, with several cartridges, in particular that of Figures 6 and 7, where the cartridges are in a retracted position.
• Figures 1 and 2 show a cartridge 1, which comprises a base 10, a foot 20, a spring 30 and a holding system 40.
• the cartridge 1 has a direction of use, by defining a compression direction X1, fixed by relative to the base 10, and directed from the base 10 towards the foot 20.
• the cartridge 1 is geometrically crossed by a central axis X10, parallel to the compression direction X1.
• the base 10 has a proximal end 11, a distal end 12, a peripheral wall 13 and, preferably, a central conduit 14, visible in Figure 2, which are fixed relative to each other.
• Axis X10 passes through ends 11 and 12, end 12 being in direction X1 relative to end 11.
• Wall 13 surrounds axis Cylindrical shape with circular base, centered on the X10 axis.
• the central conduit 14, if provided, advantageously crosses the base from end 11 to end 12 while being centered on axis X10.
• the base 10 comprises an actuating head 16, formed at its proximal end 11.
• the actuating head 16 is intended to be actuated by a person, preferably using a tool, or by a machine , to rotate the base around the X10 axis.
• the actuating head 16 is formed by a hexagonal termination centered on the axis X10, to be actuated by a hexagonal key.
• the peripheral wall 13 carries an external thread 17, for example from the head 16 to the end 12.
• the thread 17 is centered on the axis X10, that is to say is oriented in the sense of direction X1.
• the foot 20 slides relative to the base 10, being guided in this sliding by the base 10, in the direction X1.
• the foot 20 comprises a sliding leg 21, which is slidably received in a sliding conduit 18 formed by the central conduit 14.
• the sliding leg 21 and the sliding conduit 18 are here centered on the X10 axis.
• the sliding conduit 18 is formed by a part of the central conduit 14 opening at the end 12.
• the sliding leg 21 enters the conduit 18 through the end 12.
• the foot 20 is designed to come to bear, in the direction X1, against a surface to be pressed, perpendicular to the direction X1.
• the foot 20 comprises a support pad 22.
• the support pad 22 is here fixed relative to the sliding leg 21 and is formed in the direction X1 relative to the sliding leg 21.
• the support pad 22 is arranged in the direction X1 relative to the distal end 12 of the base 10, and thus forms an end distal of the cartridge 1.
• the support shoe 22 forms for example a discoid axial surface, turned in the direction X1, to come to support in the direction X1.
• the support pad 22 is of general discoid shape.
• the support pad 22 has an external diameter less than or equal to that of the peripheral wall 13, which, as explained below, allows insertion of the cartridge 1 in the direction X1 during the manufacture of the stack 50.
• the foot 20 has a radial footprint less than that of the base 10, around the axis X10.
• the spring 30 is supported on the base 10 to apply a pressing force F30 on the foot 20 in the direction X1, by elasticity of the spring 30.
• the spring 30 is a spring which acts in compression, in the direction X1.
• spring 30 is a helical spring, centered on axis X10.
• the spring 30, whether helical or not, is preferably configured so that the value of the pressing force F30 that it produces depends on an elongation value of the spring 30, measured along the axis X1, to allow an adjustment of the value of the pressing force F30 by adjusting the elongation value.
• elongation is meant a variation in length of the spring 30, measured from one end to the other of the spring 30 parallel to the direction X1. In the case of a compression spring, the force F30 increases when the length of the compression spring is reduced. Thus, we increase the force F30 for a negative elongation value.
• the spring 30 is interposed between the distal end 12 of the base and the support pad 22.
• the end 12 and the pad 22 respectively form support walls facing each other, each receiving a respective end belonging to the spring 30.
• the spring 30 is for example arranged around leg 21.
• the cartridge 1 is configured to switch between, that is to say evolve between, a pre-stressed configuration, shown in Figures 1, 2 and 5, and a released configuration, shown in Figure 3, thanks to the holding system 40.
• the cartridge 1 object of the invention comprises two configurations, each of them being defined by design.
• a first configuration called “pre-stressed configuration”
• the cartridge 1 is configured to be handled safely outside a fuel cell, in particular thanks to a holding system 40 maintaining a spring 30, 130 compressed, as will be detailed later. This prestressed configuration is stable.
• the cartridge 1 is configured to apply a pressure force, preferably predetermined, on a stack of electrochemical cells of a fuel cell, in particular thanks to the force developed by the spring 30 , 130, released, as detailed below.
• a pressure force preferably predetermined
• the conduit 14 forms an axial shoulder 41, disposed at the end 11, or between the end 11 and the sliding conduit 18, and turned in the opposite direction to the direction X1.
• the shoulder is centered on the X10 axis.
• the shoulder 41 is for example formed on an interior neck belonging to the conduit 14.
• the axial shoulder 41 forms a primary retaining portion belonging to the holding system 40 and being integral with the base 10.
• a threaded barrel 42 is provided in the leg 21, being centered on the axis part by part.
• the tapped barrel 42 is parallel to the direction X1.
• the tapped barrel 42 is arranged in the axis of the shoulder 41.
• the threaded barrel forms a secondary retaining portion belonging to the holding system 40 and being integral with the foot 20.
• the holding system 40 further comprises a screw 43, with a head 44 and a threaded body 45.
• the screw 43 advantageously constitutes a holding member belonging to the holding system 40 and which interacts with the primary retaining portion and the secondary retaining portion.
• the screw 43 In pre-stressed configuration, the screw 43 is received in the central conduit 14 and in the tapped barrel 42, as visible in Figures 2, 3 and 5.
• the screw 43 ensures mutual coupling of the primary retaining portion with the retaining portion secondary, in that the screw 43 is supported, in the direction screw nut.
• the screw-nut connection is preferably non-reversible, in the sense that the force imposed by the spring does not make it possible to trigger a relative rotation between the screw 43 and the foot 20.
• the threaded body 45 In the pre-stressed configuration, the threaded body 45 is directed following the compression direction X1, while the head 44 is directed in the opposite direction and the screw is advantageously coaxial with the X10 axis.
• This mutual coupling of the primary retaining portion with the secondary retaining portion via the holding member causes the holding system 40 to prevent the foot 20 from sliding relative to the base 10, in the direction X1 , despite the pressing force F30 applied by the spring on the foot 20 while the spring bears on the base 10.
• the engagement of the threaded body 45 in the tapped barrel 42 causes the screw 43 is made integral with the foot, while, at the same time, the head 44 is held in support against the shoulder 41 of the base in the compression direction X1, due to the force F30, which is transmitted to the screw 43 via the foot 20.
• the preloaded configuration thus makes it possible to keep the spring 30 preloaded, the spring 30 applying the force F30.
• the holding system 40 of the present example allows adjustment of a position of the foot 20 relative to the base 10 in the direction of compression to slide. Indeed, by screwing or unscrewing the screw 43 in the threaded barrel 42, the holding position in which the foot 20 is retained by the screw 43 is modified. By screwing, the foot 20 is brought closer to the base 10, whereas, by unscrewing, the foot 20 is moved away from the base 10.
• the holding position in which the foot 20 is held by the holding system 40 can therefore be chosen from a continuous range of positions of the foot 20 in the direction X1. In the present example, this continuous range corresponds to the screwing stroke of the screw 43 in the tapped barrel 42, parallel to the direction X1.
• This possibility of adjusting the holding position of the foot 20 makes it possible to adjust the value of the pressing force F30, in that each holding position corresponds to a distinct elongation value for the spring 30, on which the value of the spring 30 depends. pressing effort F30. In pre-stressed configuration, it is therefore possible to choose, by adjusting the holding system 40, the value of the force F30 applied by the spring 30 on the foot.
• the primary retaining portion is decoupled from the secondary retaining portion, preferably by removing the retaining member.
• the screw 43 is removed, in particular by disengaging the threaded body 45, by unscrewing, from the tapped barrel 42.
• Figure 3 shows the cartridge 1 in the released configuration, where the screw 43 is absent.
• the foot 20 is therefore authorized to slide relative to the base 10, in particular under the action of the force F30, because the foot is no longer retained by the holding system 40. Then, the foot 20 is capable of transmitting the pressing force F30 on a surface to be pressed, against which the foot 20 is supported in the compression direction X1, when the base 10 is also retained in the opposite direction to the direction X1.
• one end of the screw 43 located at the level of the head 44, bears an imprint 46, for example a hollow imprint with six sides, so that a person, using a tool, or a machine, can activate the screw 43 in rotation around the axis X10.
• an imprint 46 for example a hollow imprint with six sides, so that a person, using a tool, or a machine, can activate the screw 43 in rotation around the axis X10.
• FIG 3 shows a fuel cell 50 equipped with the cartridge 1 of Figures 1 and 2.
• the fuel cell 50 also includes other cartridges T identical to the cartridge 1. It can be expected that the fuel cell 50 is equipped with a single cartridge 1, or several cartridges 1.
• the fuel cell 50 comprises a stack 51 of electrochemical cells 52, which are not individually represented for the sake of simplification, as well as a casing 60.
• the cartridges 1 serve to maintain the stack 51 in compression along the compression direction X1 throughout the life of the battery.
• the stack 51 comprises for example between 200 and 500 cells 52.
• Each electrochemical cell 52 is for example made up of an anode and a cathode, separated by a polymer membrane allowing the passage of protons from the anode to the cathode.
• fuel for example dihydrogen
• oxidant for example oxygen or hydrogen. air.
• the electrochemical cells 52 are stacked, that is to say superimposed, in a stacking direction, which is here parallel to the compression direction X1, when the cartridge 1 is integrated into the stack 50.
• a stacking direction which is here parallel to the compression direction X1
• the stacking direction and the compression direction X1 are approximately horizontal.
• the casing 60 surrounds and protects the stack 51.
• the casing 60 comprises a transverse wall 61, called the “support wall”, a longitudinal wall 62 and a transverse wall 63, called the “support wall”.
• the walls 61 and 63 are perpendicular to the direction X1 and the longitudinal wall 62 is parallel to the direction X1.
• the longitudinal wall 62 is a peripheral wall, which surrounds the stack 51, and which connects the walls 61 and 63 together, being attached to their respective perimeters.
• the stack 51 is also arranged between the walls 61 and 63, which are preferably substantially flat, the wall 63 being arranged in the direction X1 relative to the wall 61. Overall, the walls 61, 62 and 63 are arranged so that the casing 60 has a generally parallelepiped shape.
• the support wall 61 and the support wall 63 are removable relative to the longitudinal wall 62.
• the support wall 61 is permanently fixed or forms a single part with the longitudinal wall
• the walls 62 and 63 are permanently fixed or form the same part, while the wall 61 is removably fixed on this subassembly.
• the wall 61 is removable with respect to the wall 63, either for example in that the wall 61 is removable in relation to the wall 62, or in that the wall 62 is removable relative to the wall 63, i.e. both at the same time, as in the present example.
• the support wall 63 serves here as a fixed end plate for the stack 51, in that the stack 51 is supported, in direction X1, against the support wall 63, without the interposition of an elastic compensation element. dimensional.
• the stack 51 comprises a distinct fixed end plate, via which the stack 51 would come to bear against the support wall 63.
• the support wall 63 has openings which can be crossed by connectors, not shown, intended to be connected to fluid circulation conduits, thus making it possible to supply the stack 51 with the fuel, the oxidizer, a possible cooling fluid, and to evacuate reaction products if any.
• the support wall 61 supports each cartridge 1 via its respective base 10.
• the support wall 61 provides a respective receiving orifice 64, which passes through the support wall 61 from one side to the other, parallel to the compression direction X1.
• the base 10 of each cartridge 1 is received in one of these orifices 64. If several cartridges are provided, they are then distributed over the surface of the support wall 61.
• the base 10 when the base 10 is received in the orifice 64, its proximal end 11 is accessible from an exterior face 66 of the support wall 61.
• the exterior face 66 advantageously overlooks the exterior of the casing 60 and is at opposite the stack 51.
• the foot 20 then protrudes from the wall 61 in direction X1.
• the support wall 61 also includes an interior face 69, opposite the exterior face 66, overlooking the interior of the casing 60 facing the stack 51.
• the outer face 66 faces in the opposite direction to the direction X1, while the inner face 69 faces in the direction X1.
• each orifice 64 has an internal thread 65 formed within it.
• the external thread 17 of the base 10 is engaged in the internal thread 65 of the orifice 64.
• a screw/nut connection is made between the base 10 and the orifice 64 via the threads 17 and 65.
• the cartridge 1 is retained by the support wall 61, at least in the opposite direction of the direction X1, but also, here, in the direction of the direction X1.
• the screw-nut connection between the base 10 and the orifice 64 is preferably non-reversible, in the sense that the force imposed by the spring 30 on the base 10 does not make it possible to trigger a relative rotation between the base 10 and the orifice 64.
• the threads 17 and 65 when they are engaged one in the other, allow adjustment of a support position of the base 10, defined relative to the support wall 61, in the direction X1, for which the base 10 is retained by the wall 61.
• the adjustment of the support position can be carried out among a continuous range of positions of the base 10 along the compression direction X1, the range of positions corresponding here to the screwing stroke of the thread 17 in the thread 65. in other words, by screwing and unscrewing the base 10 in the orifice 64, the support position of the base 10 is adjusted relative to the wall 61, parallel to the direction X1.
• the stack 51 advantageously comprises a movable end plate 53, sometimes called a “spring plate”.
• a movable end plate 53 sometimes called a “spring plate”.
• the foot 20 remains supported against the stack in the direction X1 under the action of the spring 30, sliding if necessary relative to the base 10 to adapt to this expansion or contraction.
• the base 10 remains fixed, being retained by the receiving orifice 64 within which the base 10 is received.
• the support wall 61 carrying the orifice 64 is for its part fixedly attached to the opposite support wall 63, via the longitudinal wall 62. While the stack 51 comes to rest against the wall 63 in the direction X1, the The stack 51 is compressed between the feet 20 and the support wall 63 and takes up in compression the pressing force F30 applied by the spring 30 of each cartridge 1.
• ⁇ elements can be interposed in the stack 51, between the plate 53 and the wall 63, for example a current collecting plate and/or an insulation plate.
• the cartridge 1 and the orifice 64 are preferably configured so that the cartridge 1 can be inserted into the orifice 64 in the direction X1, that is to say from the exterior face 66 of the support wall 61. Furthermore, this insertion could be possible even when the support wall 61 is already fixed to the support wall 63, in particular via the wall 62. It is advantageously planned to carry out this insertion of the cartridge 1 while the cartridge 1 is in pre-stressed configuration, so that the base 10, the foot 20, the spring 30 and the holding system 40 form an assembly which remains integral and is therefore easy to handle.
• the cartridge 1 is then inserted into the orifice 64, by first inserting the foot 20, until the base 10 is received in the orifice 64 and is retained there in the opposite direction to the direction X1, here by mutual engagement of the threads 17 and 65.
• This advantageously allows the cartridge 1 to be installed while the casing 60 is already assembled, or partially assembled, and the interior of the casing 60 is difficult to access and/or already receives the stack 51.
• Inserting cartridge 1 into orifice 64 in direction X1 is made possible thanks to the shape of cartridge 1, in particular by the fact that, around axis X10, foot 20 and spring 30 have a smaller radial footprint. compared to that of the base 10.
• the foot 20 is sufficiently narrow to be able to pass through the orifice 64, during the insertion of the cartridge 1 through the orifice 64 in the direction X1, from the exterior face 66, until it extends beyond the support wall 61, inside the casing 60.
• the spring 30 is sufficiently narrow to be able to pass through the orifice 64, during the insertion of the cartridge 1 through the orifice 64 in the direction X1.
• the distal end 12 of the base 10 can enter the orifice 64 by being inserted there in the direction X1, that is to say from the exterior face 66.
• the cartridge 1 can, from the exterior face 66, be placed in the released configuration, if it was in the pre-stressed configuration, and/or be placed in the configuration prestressed if it was in released configuration.
• the head 44 of the screw 43, and in particular the impression 46 is accessible from the proximal end 11 of the base 10, and therefore from the exterior face 66.
• the screw 43 can thus be actuated from the exterior of the casing 60.
• the actuation of the screw 43 only serves to switch the cartridge 1 between the pre-stressed configuration and the released configuration.
• the screw 43 it is possible to provide for the screw 43 to be actuated to adjust the value of the force F30 while the cartridge 1 is in the preloaded configuration.
• This use can also be seen as a process for manufacturing the fuel cell 50, or as a process for placing and maintaining compression of the stack 51.
• the stack 51 is pressed against the support wall 63 in the compression direction X1.
• the support wall 63 is arranged horizontally, and the cells 52 are stacked, then the movable end plate 53.
• the support wall 61 is also fixed to the support wall
• the longitudinal wall 62 is first fixed to the support wall 63, for example using screws.
• wall 61 is fixed to wall 62, for example using screws.
• the support wall 63 is then arranged in a predetermined position, in the compression direction X1, relative to the support wall 61 and is fixedly attached to the support wall 61 via the wall 62.
• the stack 51 is located then received inside the casing 60, between the walls 61 and 63, at a distance from the wall 61, and being surrounded by the wall 62.
• the cartridge 1 is prepared. This step can in particular be carried out in parallel with the preparation of the casing 60. In any case, the preparation of the cartridge 1 is done prior to its insertion into the orifice
• the cartridge 1 To prepare the cartridge 1, once the base 10, the foot 20, the spring 30 and the system 40 have been supplied or manufactured, they are assembled. This includes positioning the spring 30, so that the spring 30 bears on the base 10 in the opposite direction to the compression direction X1 and bears on the foot 20 in the direction X1. At this stage, the cartridge 1 is in the released configuration, so that the foot 20 is free to slide relative to the base 10, while nevertheless being subjected to the pressing force F30 of the spring 30. Then, by maintaining the base 10 in the opposite direction to the direction X1, a force is applied to the foot 20 in the opposite direction to the direction direction of the base 10 and thus put the spring 30 under stress, that is to say, in this case, in compression.
• the value of the force applied to the foot 20 at this instant is preferentially calibrated to correspond to the value of the pressing force F30 which we wish the cartridge 1 to apply later on the stack 51, when the cartridge 1 will be received in port 64 and put into released configuration.
• the cartridge 1 is placed in a pre-stressed configuration, which blocks the sliding of the foot 20 relative to the base 10 and sets the value of the pressing force F30 to the value of the force was applied in the opposite direction on the foot 20.
• the value of the pressing force F30 within the cartridge 1 in pre-stressed configuration is between two and three kiloNewton, if a single cartridge 1 is provided. If there are several cartridges, it is advantageous to divide this value by the number of cartridges used to maintain the stack 51 in compression.
• the screw 43 is introduced into the conduit 14, until the threaded body 45 reaches the tapped barrel 42.
• the screw 43 is then screwed in, here by actuation of the imprint 46. This actuation leads to screwing of the threaded body 45 into the tapped barrel 42, until the head 44 comes to rest, in the direction X1, against the shoulder 41.
• the screw 43 then prevents the sliding of the foot 20 relative to the base 10 in the direction Being able to adjust the pressing force F30 before installing the spring 30 in the stack 50 is easier and the adjustment more precise.
• an initial compression force F70 is applied to the stack 51, using a press 70, or any other organ. presser separate from the cartridge 1 itself, as shown in Figure 4.
• the support wall 61 includes secondary orifices 67 which pass through it parallel to the direction X1. These orifices 67 are visible in Figure 3 and are distinct from the orifices 64.
• the press 70 advantageously comprises one or more compression members 71, which are then passed through the orifices 67 to jointly apply the force F70 on the stack 51 through the wall 61.
• the value of the initial compression force F70 is slightly greater than the value of the force F30 contained in the cartridge 1 in pre-stressed configuration. If, in addition to the cartridge 1, other cartridges T must equip the stack 50, it is advantageously anticipated that the value of the initial compression force F70 is slightly greater than the sum of the values of all the cumulative forces F30, contained in the cartridges 1 and T in preloaded configuration.
• the cartridge 1 is inserted into the corresponding receiving orifice 64. During the entire insertion, cartridge 1 is in pre-loaded configuration. For insertion, the cartridge 1 is inserted from the outside of the casing 60, or at least starting from the side of the exterior face 66. For insertion, the cartridge 1 is translated following the compression direction X1. We first make the foot 20 pass through the orifice 64, then the spring 30. Once the orifice 64 has been crossed, the foot 20 then the spring 30 find themselves inside the casing 60, while the base 10 is still preferably outside, on the side of the exterior face 66, at least for the proximal end 11.
• the insertion begins with a translation of the cartridge 1, then advantageously continues by screwing the base 10 into the orifice 64, at the engagement of the threads 17 and 65.
• the base is preferably actuated using the actuating head 16, which is accessible from outside the casing 60, in particular from the face 66.
• the base 10 is advantageously in a position called "docking position", in the direction X1, relative to the wall 61.
• the base 10 is received in the receiving orifice 64 while being retained by the orifice 64 in the opposite direction of the compression direction X1 relative to the support wall 61, here by mutual engagement of the threads 17 and 65.
• the cartridge 1 is always in pre-stressed configuration and the initial compression force F70 is maintained.
• cartridges T If other cartridges T must be installed, they are installed in the same way as cartridge 1, in their respective orifice 64.
• the cartridge 1 is installed, as well as the other cartridges 1', in particular with the base 10 received and retained in the orifice 64, as described above, and the foot 20 resting against the stack 51, we put the cartridge 1, or, if necessary, each cartridge 1 and 1', in released configuration.
• the screw 43 is unscrewed to release the translation of the foot 20 relative to the base 10.
• the spring 30 applies the force F30 on the stack 51 via the foot 20, bearing on the support wall 61 via the base 10.
• the cartridge 1 being placed in the released configuration, the force F30 that it generates and adds to the initial compression force F70 applied by the press 70, with a view to taking over from the force F70.
• the cartridge(s) are left in the released configuration and thus maintain the compression of the stack 51 at the value of the force F30, or the where applicable, the sum of the efforts F30.
• the spring 30 of the cartridge 1 one could provide a spring of another type than a helical spring, for example including spring washers, sometimes called Belleville washers.
• the spring 30 is designed so that the value of the pressing force F30 of the spring 30 does not vary, or varies very little, for a range of values elongation of the spring 30, range having a certain extent around the elongation value obtained when the cartridge 1 is in preloaded configuration.
• the extent of this range covers the dimensional variation of the battery 50 during operation. This can in particular be obtained by a spring with spring washers. It is then advantageously provided that, once the cartridge 1 is mounted in the stack 50 and is in the released configuration, the spring 30 is in this range of elongation values, so that the value of the pressing force F30 does not vary, or varies little, despite the dimensional variations of the stack 51.
• the cartridge 1 is prepared in the same way as described previously, so that the cartridge 1 is in pre-stressed configuration before its insertion into the orifice 64 of the wall 61.
• the value of the force applied to the foot 20 at this instant is preferably calibrated to correspond to the value of the pressing force F30 which we wish the cartridge 1 to apply later on the stack 51, when the cartridge 1 will be received in the orifice 64 and placed in the released configuration within stack 50.
• the stack 51 is pressed against the support wall 63 in the compression direction X1.
• the support wall 63 is arranged horizontally, and the cells 52 are stacked, then the movable end plate 53.
• the cartridge 1 is inserted into the receiving orifice 64 of the support wall 61, before fixing the support wall 61 to the wall 63.
• the cartridge 1 is inserted into the orifice 64, until the base 10 is positioned in a particular support position, called “remote position” in direction X1, relative to wall 61.
• the base 10 is retained there in the opposite direction to the direction X1, here by mutual engagement of the threads 17 and 65.
• the dimensional compensation system including the wall 61 and the cartridge 1, is therefore assembled in advance, before its integration into the battery 50.
• this second mode of use we can choose to insert the cartridge 1 as seen previously, that is to say in the direction X1 from the exterior face 66 of the wall 61.
• the wall 61 since the wall 61 is not yet fixed, we can choose to insert the cartridge 1 in the opposite direction to the direction X1, from the interior face 69 of the wall 61.
• This second mode of use therefore advantageously allows insertion of the cartridge 1 indifferently by the exterior face 66 or by the interior face 69, provided that the base 10 and the orifice 64 have a geometry which allows the insertion of the cartridge 1 into the orifice 64 from the interior face 69, in the opposite direction to direction X1.
• This second mode of use also allows the insertion of the cartridge 1 into the orifice 64 to be carried out independently, in particular in advance or in parallel, of the assembly of the rest of the battery 50, in particular of the stack 51 and of the rest of the casing 60.
• all the cartridges 1 are advantageously inserted into their respective orifice 64 before fixing the wall 61.
• the cartridge 1, or each cartridge 1 is received in the retracted position in the corresponding orifice 64 of the support wall 61 as shown in Figure 6, we proceed to fix the support wall 61 on the support wall 63, while the cartridge 1 is carried by the wall 61, via the orifice 64, in the retracted position and is in pre-stressed configuration. Since the cartridge 1 is in the rearward position, the foot 20 does not come to rest against the stack 51, whereas the wall 61 is nevertheless fixed to the wall 63, here via the wall 62.
• the foot 20 is distant of the stack 51 in the direction
• the rearward position is a waiting position, which is defined in that, when the base 10 is in the rearward position and the cartridge 1 is in pre-stressed configuration, a first distance, measured in the direction X1, between the interior face 69 and the pad 22, is less than a second distance, measured in the direction X1, between the interior face 69 and the stack 51 while the wall 61 is fixed.
• the fixing of the wall 61, carrying the cartridge 1 in the rearward position occurs while the initial compression force F70 is not yet applied to the stack 51.
• This may possibly facilitate the design of the member presser which will then apply the force F70.
• the initial compression force F70 is then applied to the stack 51 using the pressing member, separate from the cartridge 1.
• the base 10 While the initial compression force F70 is applied, the base 10 is actuated to move it in the orifice 64, in the direction X1, relative to the wall 61, from the retracted position to a support position particular, called “docking position” where the foot 20 comes to rest against the stack in direction X1.
• This can be done by screwing the base 10 into the orifice 64, while the threads 17 and 65 are engaged one in the other, allowing continuous adjustment of the support position of the base relative to the support wall 61 in direction X1.
• the base 10 is retained in the docking position by the orifice 64 in the direction X1, while the foot 20 is resting against the stack 51 in the direction prestressed configuration.
• T cartridges are moved to their docking position in a similar manner, with their foot 20 resting against the stack 51.
• the or each cartridge 1 is switched to the released configuration. As seen previously, for this, we unscrew the screw 43 to release the translation of the foot 20 relative to the base 10. As seen previously, we finally release the force of initial compression F70. Alternatively, the or each cartridge 1 is tilted into the released configuration after releasing the initial compression force F70.
• the fixing of the support wall 61 with the support wall 63, the support wall 61 carrying the cartridge 1 in the retracted position occurs while the force of initial compression F70 is already applied to the stack 51. This may possibly make it possible to reduce the travel to be made by the base 10 between the rearward position and the docking position.
• a spring of another type than a helical spring for example including spring washers.
• the spring 30 is a spring washer or of another type, it can be provided that the spring 30 is designed so that the value of the pressing force F30 of the spring 30 does not vary, or varies very little, for a range of elongation values of the spring 30, a range having a certain extent around the elongation value obtained when the cartridge 1 is in pre-stressed configuration. This can in particular be obtained by a spring with spring washers.
• a spring washer spring usually has a more linear operating range than coil springs, for example.
• the spring 30 is in this range of elongation values, so that the value of the pressing force F30 does not vary, or varies little, despite the dimensional variations of the stack 51.
• Figures 7 to 9 show a cartridge 101, according to a second embodiment, linked to a fuel cell 150, which is identical to the cell 50 except that the cartridges 1 are replaced by the cartridges 101.
• Cartridge 101 is identical to cartridge 1, except for the differences discussed below.
• the same reference signs are used in Figures 1 to 9 to designate characteristics or functions common to the embodiments of Figures 1 to 6 and Figures 7 to 9.
• Reference signs increased by 100 are used in Figures 7 to 9 to designate different characteristics, but ensuring similar functions and/or replacing characteristics of the embodiment of Figures 1 to 6.
• the cartridge 101 comprises a base 110, replacing the base 10, a foot 120, replacing the foot 20, a spring 130, replacing the spring 30, and holding system 40.
• the cartridge 101 presents a direction of use, by defining a compression direction parallel to the direction of compression X1.
• cartridge 101 is configured to switch between a pre-stressed configuration, shown in Figures 7 and 8, and a released configuration, thanks to the holding system 40.
• Base 1 10 is identical to base 10, except for the differences mentioned below.
• the base 110 has a proximal end 11, identical to that provided for the base 10, a distal end 12 identical to that of the cartridge 1, a peripheral wall 13, identical to that provided for the base 10, and, preferably, a central conduit 14 visible in Figure 8, identical to that of cartridge 1.
• Axis X10 passes through ends 11 and 12, end 12 being in direction X1 relative to end 11.
• Wall 13 surrounds axis It is planned to advantageously cross the base from end 11 to end 12 while being centered on axis X10.
• the base 110 comprises an actuating head 16 identical to that of the cartridge 1 and the peripheral wall 13 carries an external thread 17 identical to that of the cartridge 1.
• the foot 120 is sliding relative to the base 110, being guided in this sliding by the base 10, in direction X1.
• the foot 120 comprises for example a sliding leg 21, slidably received in a sliding conduit 18 formed by the central conduit 14.
• the foot 120 of the cartridge 101 is designed to come to bear, in the direction X1, against a surface to be pressed, perpendicular to the direction X1, via a support pad 22, identical to that of the cartridge 1.
• the surface to be pressed is that of stack 51.
• the foot 120 differs from the foot 20 by presenting an optional sleeve 129, which extends from the periphery of the pad 22, in the opposite direction to the direction X1.
• the sleeve 129 is tubular in shape, preferably with a circular base, centered on the axis X10.
• the support pad 22 of the cartridge 101 is of general discoid shape, like that of the cartridge 1.
• the base 110 of the cartridge 101 further comprises a skirt 119, which extends the base 110 from the end 12.
• the skirt 119 forms an external rim 181 and, optionally, a sleeve 182.
• the outer rim 181 extends radially outwards, relative to the axis X10, from the peripheral wall 13, being formed at the height of the end 12 along the axis X10.
• the external rim 181 preferably extends over the entire periphery of the base 110.
• the external rim 181 forms a shoulder, turned in the opposite direction to the direction X1.
• the base 110 can come to bear against the support wall 61 in the opposite direction to the direction X1, via the rim 181, when the base 110 is received in the orifice 64 in a retracted position.
• the rim 181 then comes to rest against the interior face 69 of the wall 61 when the base 110 is in the retracted position.
• the rim 181 ensures that the cartridge 101 cannot completely pass through the orifice 64 by being inserted there in the opposite direction to the direction X1.
• the sleeve 182 extends in the direction X1 from the periphery of the external rim 181.
• the sleeve 182 is tubular in shape, advantageously with a circular base, centered on the axis X10.
• the sleeve 182 surrounds, radially from the outside, the foot 120 and the spring 130.
• the sleeve 182 also surrounds the sleeve 129. It can be expected that the sleeve 182 contributes to guiding the sliding of the foot 120 in the direction X1, in that that the sleeve 182 receives the sleeve 129 to guide its sliding in the direction X1. The sliding guidance of the foot 120 is thus improved. It can be expected that the sleeves 129 and 182, enclosing the spring 130, have a function of protecting the spring 130, in particular when the cartridge 101 is in a preloaded configuration.
• the support pad 22 of the cartridge 101 As well as the sleeve 129, have an external diameter and/or a radial bulk, greater than or equal to that of the peripheral wall 13, since it is planned that the cartridge 101 is inserted into the orifice 64 exclusively in the opposite direction to the direction X1. Indeed, it is not necessary for the foot 120 to pass through the orifice 64 during the insertion of the cartridge 101, the foot 120, or at least the shoe 22 and the sleeve 129, remaining on the side of the inner face 69 .
• the spring 130 performs the same function as the spring 30, but differs by being constituted by a stack of spring washers, for example "Belleville" washers, centered on the axis X10 rather than by being constituted by a helical spring.
• the spring 130 is supported on the base 110 to apply a pressing force F30 on the foot 120 in the direction X1, by elasticity of the spring 130.
• the spring 130 is a spring which acts in compression, following the direction X1.
• the spring 130, made up of spring washers, is configured so that the value of the pressing force F30 is constant, or varies little, for a range of elongation values of the spring 130.
• the elongation value of the spring 130 is in the range where the force F30 depends little on, or is not affected by, a variation of the elongation value.
• Such an operating range, called linear, is more easily attainable with a spring 130 of the Belleville washer type than with a spring 30 of the helical type.
• Ratio R [washer height - washer thickness] / washer thickness
• the “washer height” is a measurement of the spring washer along the X10 axis, when the spring washer is not deformed, from one end to the other of the spring washer.
• the “washer thickness” is a measurement of the thickness of the material constituting the washer along the X10 axis.
• a spring 130 made up of spring washers has the advantage of repeatability of the force F30, particularly in comparison with a helical spring.
• the spring 130 is interposed between the distal end 12 of the base 110 and the support pad 22 of the foot 120. As seen previously, the end 12 and the pad 22 respectively form support walls facing one another, each receiving a respective end belonging to the spring 130.
• the spring 130 is for example arranged around the sliding leg 21 of the foot 120.
• the spring 130 could be replaced by the helical spring 30 described above.
• the spring 30 it is provided here that, radially with respect to the axis example, to that of the support pad 22. In other words, radially, the spring 130 does not protrude from the base 110. However, this is not obligatory, since the spring does not need to pass through the orifice 64, to the extent that the cartridge 101 is inserted in the opposite direction of the direction
• the conduit 14 of the cartridge 101 preferably forms an axial shoulder 41, disposed at the end 11, or between the end 11 and the sliding conduit 18, and turned in the opposite direction to the direction X1.
• the axial shoulder 41 forms a primary retaining portion belonging to the holding system 40 and being integral with the base 110.
• the holding system 40 of the cartridge 101 preferably further comprises a screw 43, with a head 44 and a threaded body 45.
• the screw 43 advantageously constitutes a holding member belonging to the holding system 40 of the cartridge 101 and which interacts with the retaining portion primary and the secondary retaining portion, in the same way as for the cartridge 1.
• the holding system 40 of the cartridge 101 advantageously allows adjustment of a position of the foot 120 relative to the base 110 in the compression direction X1, called "holding position", for which the holding system 40 prevents the foot 120 from sliding. In fact, by screwing or unscrewing the screw
• the holding position in which the foot 120 is retained by the screw 43 is modified.
• the holding position in which the foot 120 is held by the holding system 40 can therefore be chosen from a continuous range of positions of the foot 120 in the direction X1.
• Adjusting the position of the foot 120 can be advantageous for adjusting the dimensions of the cartridge 101 in the direction X1 and adapting to different situations of use of the cartridge 101.
• the primary retaining portion is decoupled from the secondary retaining portion, preferably by removing the holding member, in the same way as for the cartridge 1.
• one end of the screw 43 located at the level of the head 44, bears an imprint 46, for example a hollow imprint with six sides, so that a person, using a tool , or a machine, can activate the screw 43 in rotation around the axis X10.
• the stack 51 is pressed against the support wall 63 in the compression direction X1.
• the support wall 63 is arranged horizontally, and the cells 52 are stacked, then the movable end plate 53.
• the cartridge 101 is inserted into the receiving orifice 64 of the support wall 61, before fixing the support wall 61 to the support wall 63, while the cartridge 101 is in pre-stressed configuration and the support wall 61 is not yet attached to the rest of the casing 60.
• the insertion of the cartridge 101 is carried out in the opposite direction to the direction 'that the base 110 is positioned in the retracted position, this retracted position being able to be the position of the cartridge for which the rim 181 bears against the interior face 69.
• the base 110 is retained there in the opposite direction to the direction X1, by mutual engagement of the threads 17 and 65.
• the dimensional compensation system including the wall 61 and the cartridge 101, is therefore assembled in advance, before its integration to the battery 150. While the cartridge 101 has been inserted in the opposite direction to the direction X1, the spring 130 and the foot 120 have not passed through the orifice 64 and remain on the side of the interior face 69.
• the rearward position is a waiting position, which is defined in that, when the base 110 is in the rearward position and the cartridge 101 is in preloaded configuration, a first distance, measured in the direction X1, between the interior face 69 and the pad 22 is less than a second distance, measured in the direction X1, between the interior face 69 and the stack 51 while the support wall 61 is fixed to the support wall.
• a first distance, measured in the direction X1 between the interior face 69 and the pad 22 is less than a second distance, measured in the direction X1, between the interior face 69 and the stack 51 while the support wall 61 is fixed to the support wall.
• the force F70 is then applied to the stack 51 using the pressing member, separate from the cartridge 101.
• the base 110 While the initial compression force F70 is applied, the base 110 is actuated to move it in the orifice 64, in the direction docking where the foot 120 comes to bear against the stack 51 in the direction X1. This can be done by screwing the base 110 into the orifice 64, while the threads 17 and 65 are engaged one in the other, allowing continuous adjustment of the position of the base 1 10 relative to the wall 61 following direction X1. We do the same for any other cartridge. In the docking position, the rim 181 is away from the interior face 69. In this situation, the base 110 is retained in the docking position by the orifice 64 in the direction X1, while the foot 120 is in support against the stack 51 in the direction X1 and that the cartridge 101 is still in pre-stressed configuration.
• the or each cartridge is switched to the released configuration. As seen previously, for this, we unscrew the screw 43 to release the translation of the foot 120 relative to the base 110. As seen previously, we finally release the initial compression force F70.
• the fixing of the support wall 61 with the support wall 63, the support wall 61 carrying the cartridge 101 in the rearward position, occurs while the initial compression force F70 is already applied to the stack 51.

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• 2022
  • 2022-12-15 FR FR2213456A patent/FR3143885B1/fr active Active
• 2023
  • 2023-12-14 WO PCT/EP2023/085787 patent/WO2024126671A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2023-12-14 KR KR1020257023495A patent/KR20250124181A/ko active Pending
  • 2023-12-14 EP EP23828748.6A patent/EP4635014A1/de active Pending
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