EP4558585A1 - Procede ameliore de conversion d'une charge contenant une fraction biomasse pour la production d'hydrocarbures de synthese fischer-tropsch - Google Patents
Procede ameliore de conversion d'une charge contenant une fraction biomasse pour la production d'hydrocarbures de synthese fischer-tropschInfo
- Publication number
- EP4558585A1 EP4558585A1 EP23738748.5A EP23738748A EP4558585A1 EP 4558585 A1 EP4558585 A1 EP 4558585A1 EP 23738748 A EP23738748 A EP 23738748A EP 4558585 A1 EP4558585 A1 EP 4558585A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- fischer
- electrolysis
- synthesis
- gasification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/34—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by catalytic conversion of impurities to more readily removable materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is the valorization of biomass, typically for the production of liquid hydrocarbons, biofuels, and possibly the production of petrochemical bases and/or chemical bases and/or hydrogen.
- the present invention relates to an integrated process for converting a feed containing at least one biomass fraction comprising a gasification step, a water electrolysis step and a synthesis step by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, with a view to for the production of hydrocarbons, particularly LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), naphtha, gasoline, kerosene and high-quality diesel fractions or lubricating bases.
- hydrocarbons particularly LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), naphtha, gasoline, kerosene and high-quality diesel fractions or lubricating bases.
- Patent application WO2014068253A1 implements a production line for biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. This request describes the possible injection of hydrogen at any point in the process chain. The injected hydrogen is produced by any means known to those skilled in the art without any particular distinction or integration between the hydrogen production process and the processes of the biofuel production chain.
- Patent US9562196 describes a process for producing synthetic hydrocarbons in which an adjustment is made to the hydrogen content at the inlet of the Fischer-Tropsch unit by reforming the naphtha produced by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. This step has the disadvantage of reducing the quantity of finished products produced by consuming the naphtha produced and therefore reduces the productivity of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis step.
- Patent application WO 2015/101717 describes a supply of external hydrogen to adjust the H2 /CO ratio of a synthesis gas produced by gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock and more particularly biomass.
- this document describes a process comprising a step of converting carbon monoxide to steam to enrich the synthesis gas produced by gasification with hydrogen and a step one of adjusting the production of the synthesis gas as a function of the quantity of hydrogen by an external supply of hydrogen so as to maintain a constant production of synthetic fuel.
- the reaction of converting carbon monoxide to steam is also called "Water Gas Shift" reaction according to Anglo-Saxon terminology.
- the applicant proposes a new process which presents an optimal integration of the gasification, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and water electrolysis stages making it possible to achieve improved production yields and better performances. energy and economic (energy efficiency, production costs, etc.) while respecting environmental constraints such as greenhouse gas emissions imposed at increasingly lower thresholds.
- the invention relates to a process for converting a feedstock into hydrocarbons comprising at least one biomass fraction into hydrocarbons, said process comprising
- step b) of electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen making it possible to obtain a flow of hydrogen, and a flow of oxygen, in which the water comes, at least in part , a step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,
- An advantage of the present invention is to provide a process which presents an optimal integration of the gasification, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and water electrolysis stages making it possible to achieve improved production yields and better energy and economic performance. (energy efficiency, production costs, etc.) while respecting environmental constraints such as greenhouse gas emissions imposed at increasingly lower thresholds.
- Another advantage of the process according to the invention is to limit, and even to dispense with, the implementation of the steam conversion step to generate hydrogen, which makes it possible to reduce the CO2 emissions of the process. production of biofuels and also to maximize the quantity of CO resulting from the gasification stage and therefore to increase the material yield of the process and/or to reduce the quantity of incoming charges.
- the present invention relates to a process for converting a feedstock comprising at least one biomass fraction into renewable hydrocarbons.
- the biomass fraction may comprise any type of biomass, preferably solid type biomass, and in particular lignocellulosic type biomass.
- types of biomass concern, for example, raw materials in Annex IXA of the European Directive on renewable energies (red 2), agricultural residues (in particular straw, corn cobs), agricultural residues. logging, logging products, sawmill residues, waste wood, dedicated crops, short rotation coppice or very short rotation coppice.
- the feed converted in the process according to the invention may further comprise at least a fraction of another feed, preferably at least a fraction of gaseous, solid and/or liquid hydrocarbon feed ("co-processing" according to English terminology). -Saxon).
- Said hydrocarbon feed fraction is understood in the context of the present invention as being a feed fraction which can advantageously contain at least coal, petroleum coke (petcoke according to Anglo-Saxon terminology), natural gas, petroleum residues, crude oils, topped crude oils, deasphalted oils, deasphalting asphalts, derivatives of petroleum conversion processes (such as: HCO/FCC Slurry, heavy GO/VGO from coking, visbreaking residue or thermal process similar, etc.
- bituminous sands or their derivatives bituminous sands or their derivatives, shale gas and bituminous shale or their derivatives, liquid biomass (such as: oil rapeseed, palm oil, pyrolysis oil, etc.), biomass in slurry according to Anglo-Saxon terminology corresponding to a mixture of liquid biomass with a solid hydrocarbon filler.
- said hydrocarbon feed fraction can be a gaseous, solid, liquid hydrocarbon feed fraction or their mixture.
- the feed for the process according to the invention can therefore be a feed comprising at least one solid biomass fraction, and optionally at least one fraction of another gaseous, solid or liquid feed alone or in a mixture.
- the filler used in the process of the invention comprises at least 10% and preferably at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, and more preferably at least 90%. % biomass fraction.
- the method comprises a step a) of pretreatment of the load.
- the pretreatment step comprises at least one of the drying operations a1), roasting a2) or grinding a3) described below.
- the pretreatment step comprises a drying operation a1), a roasting operation a2) and a grinding operation a3).
- the pretreatment step comprises a roasting operation a2) and a grinding operation a3).
- Step a) of pretreatment of the load may advantageously comprise a drying operation a1) of the load advantageously carried out at a temperature between 20 and 180°C, preferably between 60 and 160°C and preferably between 100 and 140° C for a period of between 5 and 180 minutes and preferably between 15 and 60 minutes.
- the load At the entrance to the drying operation a1), the load generally includes a water content of between 15 and 80% by mass.
- the residual water content in the load at the end of the drying operation is advantageously less than 25% by mass, preferably less than 15% by mass and more preferably less than 10% by mass.
- the drying operation can be carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art.
- the energy required for drying is generally provided by bringing the load into contact with a flow of hot gases.
- the flow of hot gases used in the drying step can advantageously come from the combustion of an input to the process and preferably from the combustion of natural gas and/or the combustion of a gas flow from another step of the process.
- the combustion of gases from roasting step a2) produces a flow of hot gas that can be used to dry the load for any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the gaseous effluent from step a1) containing water can be used to preheat the air allowing the combustion of the natural gas and/or the gas flow produced during roasting.
- the water contained in the gaseous effluent resulting from step a1) can advantageously be condensed and recycled in step b) of electrolysis of the process according to the invention.
- Step a) of pretreatment of the load may include a roasting operation a2), preferably of the dried load resulting from the drying operation a1).
- the roasting operation a2) can be carried out in a roasting oven which produces a more friable feed effluent, and therefore requiring less energy to be finely ground so as to obtain a roasted effluent.
- the roasting operation is advantageously carried out at a temperature of between 220 and 350°C, preferably between 250 and 320°C and more preferably between 270 and 300°C for a period of between 5 and 180 minutes, and preferably between 15 and 60 minutes, at an absolute operating pressure preferably between 0.01 and 1.5 MPa, preferably between 0.01 and 1.0 MPa and more preferably between 0.05 and 0.15 MPa.
- the roasting operation is carried out in an environment whose oxygen content is advantageously less than 10% volume, preferably less than 8% volume and preferably less than 3% volume.
- the roasting operation has the advantage of reducing the energy cost of the grinding operation a3) and is accompanied by a loss of dry matter of between 5 and 40% by mass, preferably between 10 and 35% by mass. However, this loss of dry matter is accompanied by a much more limited loss of calorific value of around 5 to 20%. As such, the roasting operation makes it possible to increase the volume energy content of the biomass, that is to say its energy per unit of volume. a3) Grinding operation
- Step a) of pretreatment of the feed may include a grinding operation a3), preferably of the roasted effluent resulting from operation a2).
- the grinding operation a3) can be carried out under conditions allowing a reduction in the particle load of a size suitable for treatment in an entrained flow gasification unit (step c).
- 90% of the filler particles preferably have an equivalent diameter less than 300 microns and 90% of the filler particles preferably have an equivalent diameter greater than 1 micron; preferably 90% of the filler particles have an equivalent diameter less than 200 microns and 90% of the filler particles have an equivalent diameter greater than 5 microns; and more preferably 90% of the filler particles have an equivalent diameter less than 100 microns and 90% of the filler particles have an equivalent diameter greater than 10 microns.
- the equivalent diameter denoted by is defined for example according to the following relationship: with V the volume of the particle,
- the grinding step a3) can be carried out in the presence of a second fossil load or biomass so as to be crushed simultaneously in a single and same grinder.
- a second fossil load or biomass can be chosen from solid fossil hydrocarbons such as coal, petroleum coke (petcoke according to Anglo-Saxon terminology).
- said second load is biomass then it can be chosen from the biomass loads as defined previously.
- grinding step a3) can be carried out in the presence of an additional compound useful for the subsequent gasification step, said compound is chosen from vitrified ashes, sand, limestone, lime or other compounds known to those skilled in the art taken alone or in mixture.
- an additional compound useful for the subsequent gasification step said compound is chosen from vitrified ashes, sand, limestone, lime or other compounds known to those skilled in the art taken alone or in mixture.
- the mill is chosen so as to optimize the pneumatic transport of the powder obtained at the end of step a3), by minimizing the minimum fluidization speed (UMF), as well as its own energy consumption.
- UMF minimum fluidization speed
- said co-grinding step a3) is implemented in a “roller mill”, “universal”, “attrition” type grinder, or any other type of grinder known to those skilled in the art.
- the process according to the invention comprises a step of electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen making it possible to obtain a flow of hydrogen, and a flow of oxygen in which the water comes, at least in part and preferably entirely, from step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- the oxygen obtained at the end of step b) is sent partly or entirely to step c) of gasification.
- the oxygen produced by electrolysis has a purity of at least 98.5% by weight (on a dry basis). Impurities that may be present in the oxygen produced are water and/or hydrogen.
- the hydrogen obtained at the end of electrolysis step b) sent to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis step e) has a purity of at least 99.8% by weight (on a dry basis).
- the hydrogen sent to step e) contains less than 100 ppm of oxygen and/or water, preferably less than 60 ppm, preferably less than 40 ppm, preferably less than 30 ppm and preferred way less than 15 ppm.
- step b) of electrolysis is introduced into step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- the molar ratio between hydrogen and carbon monoxide, denoted H2/CO, of the effluent introduced in step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is between 0.5 and 4, preferably between 1 and 3 , more preferably between 1.5 and 2.5 and very preferably equal to 2, the hydrogen coming from step d) of conditioning the synthesis gas and from step b) of electrolysis of the 'water.
- Electrolysis step b) can be carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art, for example by alkaline electrolysis, by proton exchange membrane, by anion exchange membrane, or by solid oxide electrolysis.
- step b) of water electrolysis is to produce carbon-free hydrogen making it possible to obtain a fuel whose reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is eligible for the European Red IL directive.
- Another advantage linked to the recycling of water from step a1) of drying and/or step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to step b) of electrolysis is to reduce the consumption of process water and therefore operating costs.
- step b) of electrolysis Another advantage linked to step b) of electrolysis is that the oxygen produced is used in the process in step c) of gasification which makes it possible to limit and even eliminate the use of a air separation unit limiting the investment and operating costs of the process.
- excess oxygen can be advantageously used for the treatment tail gases SRU/TGTU (for Sulfur Recovery Unit/Tail Gas Treating Unit according to English terminology) and/or for the oxycombustion of fuel gas from the unit and residual gas and/or for the combustion of torrefaction gases .
- the process according to the invention comprises a step c) of gasification of the feed, pretreated in step a), said step c) is carried out in the presence of all or part of the oxygen from step b) electrolysis of water and preferably all of the oxygen resulting from step b) of electrolysis of water.
- Gasification step c) thus makes it possible to obtain a gaseous effluent comprising a synthesis gas.
- the gasification step uses a partial oxidation reaction which converts the feed into a synthesis gas comprising mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
- the gasification step advantageously takes place in the presence of a controlled quantity of oxygen from step b) of electrolysis in the form of a flow of oxygen having a purity of at least 98.5% weight (dry basis).
- the use of said oxygen makes it possible to limit the quantity of inert compounds, such as nitrogen in the case of using air as a source of oxygen, which makes it possible to limit the accumulation of inerts and therefore the problems linked to loss of load or speed and thus reduce the size of the equipment used, making it possible to further limit the investment and operating costs of the process.
- the gaseous effluent corresponding to the synthesis gas resulting from gasification step c) is composed mainly of water (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide. (CO2), and may include impurities initially coming from the biomass fraction and/or the fraction of another filler, in particular hydrocarbon filler.
- the oxygen used in the gasification step comes entirely or partly from step b) of electrolysis of water.
- a flow of oxygen coming from an air separation step can also be used in step c) of gasification, in addition to the flow of oxygen coming from step b) of electrolysis of the 'water.
- all of the oxygen introduced into the gasification step c) comes from the water electrolysis step b).
- Step c) of gasifying the feed is carried out in a gasifier of the fixed bed type, or fluidized bed or preferably in an entrained flow gasifier with a wall cooled at high temperature, that is to say at a temperature between 800 and 1800°C, preferably between 1000 and 1600°C and more preferably between 1200 and 1500°C and at an absolute pressure advantageously between 2 and 12 MPa, preferably between 2.5 and 6.0 MPa, and more preferably between 3.0 and 5, 0 MPa.
- the high temperature makes it possible to obtain a high carbon conversion rate and therefore to reduce the quantity of unconverted carbon in the ash produced and thus to reduce the quantity of ash recycled to the gasifier.
- the entrained flow gasifier is preferably a gasifier known to those skilled in the art under the name cooled wall entrained flow gasifier.
- the cooled wall delimits the gasification chamber itself located in the gasifier.
- the water used for cooling the gasification chamber wall circulates through a coil placed outside the gasification chamber wall. The water is partially vaporized, thus generating a flow of medium pressure steam.
- This cooling of the walls allows the formation of a layer of protective ash on the internal wall of the gasification chamber.
- the feeds introduced into the gasifier contain inorganic compounds, which form ashes after gasification. At the gasification temperature, these liquid ashes, in the form of droplets, solidify when they meet the cooled wall and form a solid layer acting as insulation.
- the thermal protection of the wall of the gasification chamber is ensured on the one hand, by a layer of solidified ash and, on the other hand, by a layer of molten ash, in contact with the gas phase, flowing towards the bottom of the gasifier.
- the wall of the combustion chamber is thus very resistant to high temperatures and strong temperature variations.
- ashes from biomass have a corrosive nature for refractory type coatings. Consequently, gasification technologies using internal refractories as wall protection are difficult to operate due to their rapid deterioration, which requires frequent renewal.
- refractories are very sensitive to thermal shock which destroys this protective layer by fracturing.
- the cooled wall entrained flow gasifier At least two burners and preferably four or more burners depending on the capacity of the gasifier, are arranged in the gasification chamber whose walls are cooled and which operate at a temperature sufficient to allow the fusion of the ashes contained in the charge.
- the charges introduced into the gasifier can have very different properties.
- the lower calorific value (LCI) of a biomass is lower than that of a petcoke
- the ash content of a biomass can be much lower than that of a coal
- the melting point of the ash can vary greatly from one biomass to another.
- the melting point of the ashes can vary depending on the composition of the charge introduced into the chamber. gasification.
- the minimum gasification temperature to be placed above the melting point of the ashes can be adjusted by playing on the nature of the fillers, of different properties, and the proportions of the different constituents (other biomass, other hydrocarbon filler, etc.). ..) and/or by injection of f luxant (for example limestone) with the load.
- f luxant for example limestone
- the synthesis gas produced in the gasification chamber leaves it co-currently with the liquid ashes flowing towards the bottom of the gasifier.
- This co-current configuration has the advantage, compared to a configuration where the synthesis gas is evacuated from the gasification chamber upwards while the liquid ashes flow downwards, of avoiding the risks blockages in the liquid ash evacuation pipe.
- the liquid ashes flowing alone in the pipe can, depending on their viscosity, flow with difficulty and/or partly solidify, partially or completely obstructing the evacuation pipe and leading to a shutdown of the installation for maintenance. These phenomena can particularly occur during transient phases of rises or falls in temperature or during adjustments linked to a change in the nature of the load.
- the configuration according to the invention has the advantage that the gas flowing in co-current with the liquid ashes in the evacuation pipe of the gasification chamber facilitates the flow of these ashes towards the bottom of the gasifier and avoids the risk of blockages even in transitional phases.
- the synthesis gas and the liquid ashes pass into an intensive liquid quench zone in contact with at least one film of water as described in patent application DE102007044726.
- This quench zone is positioned below the gasification chamber and separates a hot, dry zone at the top and a colder, humid zone at the bottom.
- the hot, dry zone beneath the gasification chamber is characterized by the presence of syngas and liquid ash flowing toward the bottom of the gasifier.
- the colder and humid part is located below the hot and dry zone and is characterized by the presence of water-saturated syngas, solidified ash and liquid water.
- the temperature of the synthesis gas at the exit from the cold and humid zone corresponds to the temperature of thermodynamic equilibrium between the gas phase and the liquid phase at the operating pressure of the gasifier.
- This configuration with quench present allows elimination of fine sticky particles of ash entrained during the washing of the synthesis gas, thus reducing the risk of clogging in the pipes and downstream units. Furthermore, the high temperature in the gasification chamber allows the molten ash to flow easily down the wall of the latter before falling into the quench zone. After passing through the unit cold and humid, the cooled ashes end up in the bottom of the water-filled gasifier. On contact with water, these melted ashes are immediately cooled and vitrified into dense particles. These particles are then extracted from the gasifier in the form of a mixture of water and solid ash (or slurry according to English terminology) by depressurization. Most of the mineral compounds contained in the load form the molten ashes. This configuration advantageously makes it possible to encapsulate dangerous products such as heavy metals in the vitrified ashes. The vitrification process makes these ashes very stable, they are not leachable.
- the synthesis gas produced leaves the gasification chamber from the top while the molten ashes flow along the wall against the current of the synthesis gas to the bottom of the gasifier filled with water.
- the melted ashes suddenly solidify, forming small particles.
- These particles are then extracted from the gasifier in the form of slurry (mixture of water and solid ash) by depressurization.
- slurry mixture of water and solid ash
- Said synthesis gas leaving the gasification chamber from the top and the finest particles of molten ash entrained therewith are cooled by a flow of cooled synthesis gas free of solid particles.
- This cooling allows the melted ashes to solidify into non-sticky solid particles.
- the synthesis gas is directed to a heat exchanger to produce steam.
- the synthesis gas then passes through a section for separating the gas phase and the solid phase using any technique known to those skilled in the art, for example cartridge filters. Part of this cooled and particle-free synthesis gas is recycled towards the outlet of the gasifier to cool the synthesis gas leaving at the top of the gasifier.
- the method according to the invention may comprise a step d) of conditioning the synthesis gas resulting from the gasification step c).
- the synthesis gas resulting from gasification step c) is mainly composed of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and may include impurities initially originating from the biomass fraction and/or from the fraction of another feedstock, in particular hydrocarbon feedstock.
- impurities are essentially metals, particularly alkaline metals (Na, K), sulfur compounds, as well as chlorinated and nitrogen compounds.
- the halogenated compounds initially present in the feed according to the invention can reach contents of at least 250 ppm mass in the crude hydrocarbon feed fraction (before drying), and at least 10,000 ppm mass in the case of the biomass fraction raw (before drying).
- step d) comprises, preferably consists of, steps d1) and/or d2) and/or d3) and/or d4) and/or d5) and/or d6) and/or d7 and/ or d8).
- step d) comprises a step d1) of washing with water and fractionating the synthesis gas.
- the synthesis gas resulting from gasification step c) is advantageously subjected to a water washing step d1) to eliminate traces of solid in the synthesis gas as well as part of the gaseous compounds soluble in the water.
- This operation can be carried out using any type of technique known to those skilled in the art, including the water washer with venturi effect or venturi scrubber according to Anglo-Saxon terminology, the washing column with all types of internals, etc.
- the synthesis gas is subjected to a fractionation step into at least two effluents, a first part and a complementary part subjected to the following steps:
- the effluent from step d3) is advantageously recombined with the complementary part of the effluent from step d1) before being treated in step d4) of catalytic hydrolysis COS and HCN compounds.
- the so-called first part and complementary part effluents resulting from step d1) of washing with water and fractionating the synthesis gas are subjected to distinct treatment stages.
- the first part is subjected to a step d2) of elimination of halogenated compounds; while the complementary part is subjected to a step d4) of catalytic hydrolysis of the COS and HCN compounds to H2S and NH3.
- the fractionation of the synthesis gas as well as the treatment of the effluents in a separate and distinct manner allow the reduction of the size of the units and the quantities of catalysts used in said units.
- the respective proportions of said first part of the effluent from step d1) and of said complementary part are advantageously determined in order to obtain an effluent at the outlet of step d7) which feeds step e) of Fischer-Tropsch with an H2/CO molar ratio advantageously between 0.5 and 4, preferably between 1 and 3, more preferably between 1.5 and 2.5, and preferably equal to 2.
- step d) comprises a step d2) of elimination of halogenated compounds.
- Step d2) of eliminating the halogenated compounds on at least one suitable guard bed is, advantageously, carried out on the first part of the effluent resulting from step d1).
- Step d2) makes it possible to substantially eliminate the halogenated compounds, advantageously chlorine, contained in said first part of the effluent before the latter is sent to a steam carbon monoxide conversion unit (step d3) .
- Fixed bed reactor technology will advantageously be favored for capturing the halogenated compounds, in particular the chlorine contained in the synthesis gas of said first part, using capture masses known to those skilled in the art.
- step d2) is carried out on at least one guard bed in the presence of a capture mass containing an active phase of the zeolite type, and/or zinc oxide, and/or a basic oxide such as 'an alumina.
- the active phase may be doped or promoted by one or more compounds of alkaline and/or alkaline earth and/or rare earth elements.
- the active phase can, for example, be an alumina promoted by a sodium compound, for example by Na2O.
- the passage of the first part of the effluent from step d1) in at least one guard bed makes it possible to achieve the specifications required for the carbon monoxide conversion unit. steam d3).
- the effluent generally contains less than 10 ppm volume of chlorine, advantageously less than 5 ppm volume of chlorine, preferably between 0.1 ppm and 5 ppm volume of chlorine, more preferably between 1 ppm and 3 ppm volume of chlorine, and even more preferably between 1 ppm and 2 ppm volume of chlorine.
- Step d) of conditioning the synthesis gas optionally includes a step of converting carbon monoxide to steam.
- the gasification step c) of the charge according to the invention such as that implemented in the present invention can lead to the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a non-optimal H2/CO molar ratio for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, particularly when the catalyst used is a cobalt-based catalyst which advantageously requires an optimal H2/CO molar ratio of approximately 2 to be oriented towards the production of middle distillates.
- the effluent from step d2) of elimination of the halogenated compounds is according to the invention, possibly directed towards a carbon monoxide conversion section.
- carbon steam d3) making it possible to produce a gas flow rich in hydrogen and depleted in carbon monoxide.
- Step d3) is implemented in the case where the hydrogen produced in step b) of electrolysis of water does not allow the H2/CO ratio to be obtained at the input of step e) of Fischer Tropsch synthesis desired.
- step d3) of conversion of carbon monoxide to steam can advantageously also be sent to step e) of Fischer Tropsch synthesis.
- step d3) is advantageously carried out at an inlet temperature close to the temperature of the synthesis gas resulting from the water washing and fractionation step d1) allowing to reduce energy consumption across the entire biomass value chain.
- step d3) is carried out at an inlet temperature of between 150 and 280°C, preferably between 200 and 280°C.
- the reaction step of converting carbon monoxide to vapor d3) is carried out at an absolute pressure of between 2.0 and 12 MPa, preferably between 2.5 and 6.0 MPa, and more preferably between 3 .0 and 5.0 MPa; at an hourly volume speed WH (charge volume/catalyst volume/hour) of between 1000 and 10000 h-1, preferably between 1000 and 9000 h-1 and more preferably between 1500 and 8500 h-1; at a temperature between 150 and 550°C, preferably between 200 and 500°C.
- WH charge volume/catalyst volume/hour
- the catalyst used in this step d3) is a catalyst comprising at least one element from group VIII and/or at least one element from group VIB of the Mendeleev periodic table (group VIII corresponds to group 8, 9 and 10, and group VIB to group 6 according to the new notation of the periodic classification of the elements: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 81st edition, 2000-2001).
- the catalyst is a catalyst comprising sulfided cobalt and/or sulfided molybdenum.
- the catalyst support is usually a porous solid chosen from the group consisting of aluminas, silica and silica-aluminas.
- the catalyst support is alumina.
- the catalyst used can be promoted with an alkaline or alkaline earth promoter. The carbon monoxide conversion reaction makes it possible to considerably increase the hydrogen content in the effluent directed to step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- step d3) is implemented with an H2O/CO ratio of between 0.5 and 100, preferably between 0.5 and 25, more preferably between 1.5 and 10.
- the gaseous effluent resulting from this step has a temperature between 250 and 550°C.
- This gaseous effluent is advantageously cooled to the operating temperature of the hydrolysis unit between 100 and 400°C, preferably between 200 and 350°C. This cooling is advantageously done by generating water vapor which can be used either in the chain of the process according to the invention, or to produce electricity.
- the H2/CO molar ratio of the gas flow entering step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can be adjusted to its optimal level of approximately 2 to be oriented towards the production of distillates means by adding an external gas flow rich in hydrogen produced by any means known to those skilled in the art including: electrolysis of water, steam reforming of natural gas with steam followed by a separation step by pressure variation adsorption PSA “Pressure Swing Adsorption” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology, or by adsorption by temperature variation TSA “Temperature Swing Adsorption” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology or by membrane separation.
- This hydrogen-rich gas flow can be injected at any point in the chain located downstream of gasification step c) and makes it possible to reduce the size of step d3) of conversion of carbon monoxide to steam.
- part of the gas resulting from step d3) of conversion of carbon monoxide to steam but also possibly upstream or downstream of said step d3) can advantageously be sent to a unit hydrogen production carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art, preferably by pressure variation adsorption PSA "Pressure Swing Adsorption” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology, or by adsorption by temperature variation TSA “Temperature Swing Adsorption””according to Anglo-Saxon terminology or by membrane separation.
- the hydrogen produced is advantageously used in step f) of hydrotreatment and/or isomerization.
- step d) comprises a step d4) of catalytic hydrolysis of the COS and HCN compounds of the complementary part resulting from step d1).
- step d1) The additional part resulting from step d1) is subjected to a step d4) of catalytic hydrolysis of COS and HCN to H2S and NH3 which allows the production of a purified effluent.
- This step allows the elimination of COS and HCN which are poisons for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst.
- Step d4) of catalytic hydrolysis of carbon oxysulphide (COS) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is according to the invention advantageously carried out in the presence of a catalyst containing a platinum-based compound, or an oxide of an element chosen from the group comprising titanium, zirconium, aluminum, chromium, zinc, or their mixture.
- the hydrolysis catalyst is a catalyst based on titanium oxide.
- the catalyst used may also contain at least alkali, alkaline earth and/or rare earth metals, for example from precursors such as potash, zirconium oxide, sodium or barium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate. or barium, calcium sulfate, sodium or barium acetate, sodium or barium oxalate.
- the hydrolysis step is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 100 and 400°C, preferably between 200 and 350°C.
- the effluent leaving the hydrolysis unit of step d4) contains less than 25 ppm volume of COS and less than 5 ppm volume of HCN, preferably less than 10 ppm volume of COS and less than 1 ppm volume of HCN, and more preferably less than 5 ppm volume of COS and less than 0.1 ppm volume of HCN.
- the effluent from the step of converting carbon monoxide to steam d3) is at least partly sent mixed with said complementary part to the step of catalytic hydrolysis of the COS and HCN in H2S and NH3 (step d4).
- the effluent from the step of converting carbon monoxide to steam d3) is sent mixed with said complementary part to the catalytic hydrolysis step (step d4) after cooling to the temperature preferably between 100 and 400°C, preferably between 200 and 350°C.
- step d2) of elimination of halogenated compounds and optionally from the step of converting the steam carbon monoxide d3) is recombined in step d5) with at least part of the effluent from step d4) of catalytic hydrolysis before being sent to step d6) of washing at the water.
- step d) comprises a step d6) of washing with water the mixed effluent obtained at the end of steps d2) and d4).
- Step d6) makes it possible to eliminate impurities such as NH3 and HCl which are soluble in water and which are particularly harmful to the operation of step d7) of eliminating acid gases.
- the mixed effluent obtained from steps d2) and d4) can be previously subjected to a step of eliminating heavy metals on at least one suitable guard bed.
- Said elimination step makes it possible to substantially eliminate heavy metals, such as lead, arsenic and mercury, before the effluent is treated in step d6) of washing with water and more particularly before step d7) of eliminating acid gases.
- Fixed bed reactor technology will be advantageously favored to capture the heavy metals contained in the synthesis gas using capture masses known to those skilled in the art.
- the elimination step is carried out on at least one or more guard beds in the presence of one or more capture masses containing one or more active phases.
- said active phases contain at least one sulfur compound, such as for example supported elemental sulfur, and/or a metal sulphide such as a copper and/or zinc sulphide, and at least one precious metal such as silver, gold or palladium, and/or a zeolite exchanged with silver, and/or transition metal oxides such as, for example, copper or nickel oxides.
- said active phase(s) are supported, for example on an alumina, a silica, a silica-alumina, or an activated carbon.
- the passage of the effluent in at least one guard bed of the elimination step makes it possible to achieve the specifications required at the input of step d7) of elimination of acid gases (step d7), as well as the specifications required for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit of step e).
- step of eliminating heavy metals is implemented between step d6) of washing with water and step d7) of eliminating acid gases.
- the step of eliminating heavy metals is implemented after step d7) of eliminating acid gases when the solvent used in step d6) is a chemical solvent derived from alkanolamine, known to those skilled in the art to be less sensitive than physical solvents to the presence of heavy metals.
- the effluent has a content generally less than 1 ppb volume of lead, arsenic and mercury, preferably less than 0.5 ppb volume, more preferably less than 0.1 ppb volume and even more preferably less than 0.01 ppb volume of lead, arsenic and mercury.
- step d) may advantageously also comprise a step d7) of eliminating acid gases.
- Step d7) is dedicated to the elimination of acid gases such as sulfur compounds (H2S) or the CO2 remaining in the synthesis gas resulting from step d5).
- Step d7) is advantageously implemented in the case where the CO2 content in the synthesis gas resulting from step d6) is greater than 5% by weight relative to the weight of said effluent, preferably greater than 10% by weight and preferably greater than 20% by weight.
- Step d7) is carried out by using chemical or physical solvents or a mixture of chemical and physical solvents or any other means known to those skilled in the art.
- the chemical solvent may for example be a primary, secondary or tertiary amine derived from alkanolamine such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) or methyldiethanolamine (MDEA).
- the physical solvent may for example be based on mixtures of polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether (PEG) such as PEG diethyl ether or dibutyl ether, or methanol.
- PEG polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether
- the acid gas elimination step is for example carried out by means of an acid gas absorption column using the chemical or physical solvent used followed by a solvent regeneration step in order to reduce the consumption of solvent in the unit.
- This regeneration step can advantageously be carried out in two stages in order to eliminate on the one hand a gas flow rich in CO2 and on the other hand a gas flow rich in H2S.
- said CO2-rich gas stream is purified from H2S and advantageously recycled to gasification step c).
- step d) comprises a final purification step d8).
- the cobalt-based catalyst used in step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is highly sensitive to impurities present in the synthesis gas, which are therefore only tolerated in quantities of the order of ppb (part per trillion).
- the synthesis gas may still contain impurities at levels of approximately 100 ppb volume of H2S and COS.
- the final purification step d8) is carried out on at least one guard bed and can be implemented in order to completely adsorb the last traces of impurities remaining in the synthesis gas such as halogenated compounds, H2S, COS, HCN and NH3.
- Final purification step d8) is carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art, for example on at least one guard bed based on zinc oxide ZnO, Cu/ZnO, activated carbon and makes it possible to achieve the required specifications in terms of impurities in the synthesis gas used in step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- the synthesis gas has a sulfur content of less than 100 ppb volume, preferably less than 50 ppb volume, more preferably less than 10 ppb volume; an HCN content of less than 100 ppb volume, preferably less than 50 ppb volume, more preferably less than 10 ppb volume and an NH3 content of less than 100 ppm volume, preferably less than 10 ppm volume, more preferably less than 1 ppm volume.
- step d) comprises, preferably consists of, steps d1) and/or d2) and/or d3) and/or d4) and/or d5) and/or d6) and/or d7) and /or d8).
- the process according to the invention comprises a step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of the effluent resulting from step c) of gasification and possibly of step d) optional of conditioning the gaseous effluent comprising a gas of synthesis, and preferably from step d8) of final purification, said effluent comprising carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen is introduced into step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the presence of all or part of hydrogen from step b) of electrolysis of water in an optimal H2/CO molar ratio for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction so as to produce a flow comprising synthetic liquid hydrocarbons and at least one gaseous effluent .
- step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is implemented with a molar ratio between carbon monoxide and hydrogen, denoted H2/CO, of between 0.5 and 4, preferably between 1 and 3, more preferably between 1.5 and 2.5 and very preferably equal to 2, the hydrogen coming from step d) of conditioning the synthesis gas and from step b) of electrolysis of the water.
- H2/CO a molar ratio between carbon monoxide and hydrogen
- the gasification step c) of the charge according to the invention such as that implemented in the present invention can lead to the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a non-optimal H2/CO molar ratio for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, particularly when the catalyst used is a cobalt-based catalyst which advantageously requires an optimal H2/CO molar ratio of approximately 2 to be oriented towards the production of middle distillates.
- step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis all of the hydrogen from step b) of electrolysis is used in step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- additional hydrogen may be necessary to have an optimal H2/CO molar ratio for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction.
- said supplement can come from the optional step of converting carbon monoxide to steam d3).
- said optional step of converting carbon monoxide to vapor d3) can be carried out at an absolute pressure of between 2 and 12 MPa, preferably between 2.5 and 6.0 MPa, and more preferably between 3.0 and 6.0 MPa. 5.0 MPa; at an hourly volume speed WH (charge volume/catalyst volume/hour) of between 1000 and 10000 h-1, preferably between 1000 and 9000 h-1 and more preferably between 1500 and 8500 h-1; at a temperature between 150 and 550°C, preferably between 200 and 550°C, and more preferably between 250 and 500°C.
- WH charge volume/catalyst volume/hour
- the catalyst used in this step of converting carbon monoxide to steam is a catalyst comprising at least one element from group VIII and/or at least one element from group VIB of the Mendeleev periodic table (group VIII corresponds to groups 8, 9 and 10, and group VIB to group 6 according to the new notation of the periodic classification of the elements: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 81st edition, 2000-2001).
- the catalyst is a catalyst comprising sulfided cobalt and/or sulfided molybdenum.
- the catalyst support is usually a porous solid chosen from the group consisting of aluminas, silica and silica-aluminas.
- the catalyst support is alumina.
- the catalyst used can be promoted with an alkaline or alkaline earth promoter.
- the carbon monoxide conversion reaction makes it possible to considerably increase the hydrogen content in the effluent directed to step i) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is partly or entirely sent to step b) of electrolysis. Recycling the water formed in step e) to step b) makes it possible to reduce the operating costs of the process according to the invention.
- the water formed during step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis advantageously undergoes a treatment step before its recycling in step b) of electrolysis of the water so as to obtain the specifications required from step b).
- the treatment step can advantageously consist of removing the oxygenated compounds from the water formed during step e).
- Step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is implemented in a reaction unit comprising one or more suitable reactors, the technology of which is known to those skilled in the art. These may be, for example, multitubular fixed bed reactors, or bubble column type reactors, known in English under the name "slurry bubble column", or microchannel reactors.
- step e) uses one or more bubble column type reactors.
- the synthesis being highly exothermic, this embodiment makes it possible, among other things, to improve the thermal control of the reactor and to create little pressure loss.
- the catalyst used in this step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is generally any catalytic solid known to those skilled in the art making it possible to carry out the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- the catalyst used in said step comprises cobalt or iron, more preferably cobalt.
- the catalyst used in step e) is generally a supported catalyst.
- the support can be, for example, based on alumina, silica or titanium.
- the temperature and pressure conditions are variable and adapted to the catalyst used in this step e).
- the absolute pressure is generally between 1.0 and 6.0 MPa, preferably between 1.5 and 3.5 MPa and preferably between 2.0 and 3.0 MPa.
- the temperature can generally be between 170 and 280°C, preferably between 190 and 260°C and preferably between 210 and 240°C.
- At least one gaseous fraction resulting from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (step e) is advantageously recycled in the gasification step c) in order to be converted into synthesis gas and thus improve the mass yield of the process chain.
- At least part of the gaseous fraction resulting from step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can at least partly supply energy to the drying operations a1) and/or the operations roasting a2) to maximize the energy efficiency of the process chain.
- the gas fraction resulting from step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis makes it possible to produce electricity in a combined cycle which can be partially powered by the steam produced by steps c ), d3) and e) to increase the energy efficiency of the process chain.
- the process of the invention advantageously comprises a step f) of hydrotreatment and/or isomerization of at least a part and preferably the entire flow comprising liquid hydrocarbons resulting from step e) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis .
- Step f) is carried out under usual operating conditions known to those skilled in the art in the presence of hydrogen and aims to valorize the hydrocarbon cuts resulting from step e) by the production of liquid hydrocarbons, in particular biofuels.
- liquids namely bio-naphtha, bio-gasoline, bio-kerosene, bio-diesel and very high quality organic lubricating bases.
- the hydrogen necessary for carrying out step f) can advantageously come in whole or in part from step b) of electrolysis of water.
- a possible option is the production of paraffinic cuts, basic products for petrochemical processes, for example production of a C10-C13 cut intended for the production of (bio) LAB (Linear Alkyl Benzene), or even (bio) waxes for various industrial applications.
- Figure 1 illustrates the process of the invention according to claim 1 and including the step of isomerization of the effluent resulting from the process according to the invention.
- the biomass is introduced into the pretreatment unit (A) via line 1 in which it undergoes a drying step a1), a roasting step a2) and/or a grinding step a3).
- the pre-treated biomass is then sent via line 2 in a gasification stage in a unit (C) mixed with the oxygen 11 produced during the water electrolysis stage 10 which takes place in the water electrolysis unit (B).
- the water used in the electrolysis unit (B) comes at least in part from the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis step implemented in the unit (E).
- the gasification step of the pretreated biomass which takes place in unit (C) in the presence of oxygen 11 from the water electrolysis step, makes it possible to produce a gaseous effluent comprising a synthesis gas which leaves the gasification unit (C) via line 3 and is sent to an optional step d) of conditioning the effluent comprising the synthesis gas which may include a step d1) of washing with water and fractionation of the synthesis gas and/or a step d2) of elimination of the halogenated compounds and/or a step d3) of conversion of carbon monoxide to steam and/or a step d4) of catalytic hydrolysis of the COS and HCN compounds and/or a step d5) of recombining the effluents and/or a step d6) of washing the recombined effluent with water and/or a step d7) of eliminating the acid gases and/or a step d8) of final purification of the effluent including the synthesis gas.
- the effluent comprising the synthesis gas possibly purified and then sent via line 5 in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis step which takes place in unit (E) in the presence of at least part of the hydrogen flow 8 produced during the water electrolysis stage.
- a stream 6 comprising synthetic liquid hydrocarbons are produced during the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis step and can be sent to a hydrotreatment and/or isomerization step f) not shown in the figure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the process according to comparative Example 1. The description of the process is given in Example 1.
- Example 1 reproduces the process described in application WO2014/058253 including the following steps:
- a pre-treatment step by roasting is
- a step of separating air to produce a flow of oxygen is a step of separating air to produce a flow of oxygen.
- Example 1 The process according to Example 1 is comparative in that it does not involve a water electrolysis step.
- the method implemented in comparative example 1 is shown in Figure 2.
- Example 1 treats 100 t/h of dry biomass introduced into the pre-treatment step via line 1.
- the torrefied lignocellulosic biomass leaving the pretreatment unit A via line 2 contains 50% by weight of carbon and 40% oxygen.
- the torrefied biomass 2 is then introduced into a gasification unit C in the presence of a flow of oxygen 7 produced in an air separation unit (B).
- the gasification unit produces 3 times more CO than CO2 in mol, i.e. a quantity of CO of 67.4 t/h.
- the H2 /CO ratio at the outlet of the gasification unit is 0.5.
- an effluent comprising synthesis gas 3 is produced and sent to a unit D for converting carbon monoxide to steam.
- the carbon monoxide steam conversion unit allows the ratio to be increased from 0.5 to 2.
- the effluent 4 leaving the carbon monoxide to steam conversion unit is then sent to a unit (D') comprising a step of eliminating acid gases from the effluent comprising the synthesis gas and a step of final purification of said effluent.
- the effluent comprising the purified synthesis gas 5 is then sent to a Fischer-Tropsch € synthesis unit to produce a stream comprising liquid hydrocarbons 6.
- the carbon loss is calculated according to the following formula: (Centered-Coutput)/Centered*100
- the overall carbon yield of the chain is therefore 29% by weight, or a total material yield of 17% by weight.
- the material yield is calculated according to the following formula (Qbiomass- QeffluentFT)/Qbiomass*100, Q being the flow rate.
- CO2 is mainly produced at the following two stages:
- the carbon monoxide to steam conversion stage for a flow rate of 88.2 t/h.
- the quantity of oxygen necessary to provide energy to the gasification stage is 46 t/h.
- the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis stage produces a synthetic liquid hydrocarbon effluent representing 17 t/h.
- Example 2 reproduces a method according to the invention shown in Figure 1 and comprising the following steps 1:
- a step a) of pre-treatment by roasting is a step a) of pre-treatment by roasting.
- a step c) of entrained flow gasification is a step c) of entrained flow gasification.
- a step d) of conditioning the synthesis gas is a step d) of conditioning the synthesis gas.
- Example 2 differs from that of Example 1 in that it implements a step of electrolysis of water and not of conversion of carbon monoxide to steam.
- Example 2 treats 100 t/h of dry biomass via line 1 in a torrefaction unit (A).
- Roasted lig nocellu losique biomass 2 contains 50% by weight of carbon and 40% of oxygen.
- the torrefied biomass is then sent to a gasification unit C in the presence of a flow of oxygen 1 1 produced in water electrolysis unit (B) 10.
- the gasification unit produces 3 times more CO than CO2 in mol, i.e. a quantity of CO of 67.4 t/h.
- the H2 /CO ratio at the unit outlet is 0.5.
- the H2/CO ratio is increased from 0.5 to 2 by an addition of external hydrogen produced by alkaline electrolysis.
- the quantity of hydrogen required is 7.2 t/h.
- oxygen is produced at a rate of 58 t/h. This flow rate is higher than the flow rate necessary for the gasification stage (46 t/h, see previous example).
- An effluent comprising synthesis gas 3 is produced at the outlet of the gasification unit ⁇ and sent to a synthesis gas conditioning unit D to produce an effluent 5 purified which is then sent to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit E in the presence of a flow 6 of hydrogen produced in the water electrolysis unit B.
- the different stages of the process leading to the reduction in carbon yield are: The roasting stage with a loss of 23% carbon.
- the overall carbon yield of the chain is therefore 58% by weight, or a total material yield of 34% by weight.
- the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis stage produces approximately 43 t/h of water, or 66% of the water requirement of the electrolysis stage, and an effluent of synthetic liquid hydrocarbons representing 34 t/h.
- the quantity of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere comes mainly from the gasification stage, i.e. 35.3 t/h.
- CO2 emissions emitted by the process are reduced by 70% compared to the reference scheme and water consumption by 2/3 compared to the consumption necessary for the electrolyser, significantly improving the environmental footprint of the sector.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to significantly improve the environmental impact of the sector and to limit the operating cost of the process.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2207451A FR3138142B1 (fr) | 2022-07-20 | 2022-07-20 | Procede ameliore de conversion d’une charge contenant une fraction biomasse pour la production d’hydrocarbures de synthese fischer-tropsch. |
| PCT/EP2023/068639 WO2024017651A1 (fr) | 2022-07-20 | 2023-07-06 | Procede ameliore de conversion d'une charge contenant une fraction biomasse pour la production d'hydrocarbures de synthese fischer-tropsch |
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| EP4558585A1 true EP4558585A1 (fr) | 2025-05-28 |
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| EP23738748.5A Pending EP4558585A1 (fr) | 2022-07-20 | 2023-07-06 | Procede ameliore de conversion d'une charge contenant une fraction biomasse pour la production d'hydrocarbures de synthese fischer-tropsch |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4558585A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025524827A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250038671A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119768486A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2023309723A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3261350A1 (fr) |
| CL (1) | CL2025000144A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3138142B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024017651A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150152562A1 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2015-06-04 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Production of dihydrogen by conversion of overhead gases resulting from a synthesis |
| WO2021087618A1 (fr) | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-14 | Expander Energy Inc. | Procédé de production d'hydrocarbures synthétiques à partir de biomasse |
| US20220112429A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-14 | Velocys Technologies Ltd | Gasification process |
| WO2022079407A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-21 | Johnson Matthey Davy Technologies Limited | Processus de synthèse d'hydrocarbures |
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| DE102007044726A1 (de) | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-19 | Uhde Gmbh | Vergasungsreaktor und Verfahren zur Flugstromvergasung |
| US9115324B2 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2015-08-25 | Expander Energy Inc. | Enhancement of Fischer-Tropsch process for hydrocarbon fuel formulation |
| KR20140047235A (ko) | 2012-10-10 | 2014-04-22 | 우성범 | 가맹점을 통한 사용자 참여형 음원 유통 서비스 제공 방법 |
| FR2997414B1 (fr) | 2012-10-31 | 2015-10-02 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede ameliore de conversion d'une charge contenant de la biomasse pour la production d'hydrocarbures par voie de synthese fischer-tropsch |
| FI20145001A7 (fi) | 2014-01-02 | 2015-07-03 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Järjestelmä ja menetelmä synteettisen polttoaineen valmistamiseksi |
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- 2022-07-20 FR FR2207451A patent/FR3138142B1/fr active Active
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- 2023-07-06 EP EP23738748.5A patent/EP4558585A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-07-06 JP JP2025502489A patent/JP2025524827A/ja active Pending
- 2023-07-06 CN CN202380054695.9A patent/CN119768486A/zh active Pending
- 2023-07-06 KR KR1020257004101A patent/KR20250038671A/ko active Pending
- 2023-07-06 AU AU2023309723A patent/AU2023309723A1/en active Pending
- 2023-07-06 CA CA3261350A patent/CA3261350A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-07-06 WO PCT/EP2023/068639 patent/WO2024017651A1/fr not_active Ceased
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150152562A1 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2015-06-04 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Production of dihydrogen by conversion of overhead gases resulting from a synthesis |
| WO2021087618A1 (fr) | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-14 | Expander Energy Inc. | Procédé de production d'hydrocarbures synthétiques à partir de biomasse |
| US20220112429A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-14 | Velocys Technologies Ltd | Gasification process |
| WO2022079407A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-21 | Johnson Matthey Davy Technologies Limited | Processus de synthèse d'hydrocarbures |
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| YONG-CHIL SEO ET AL: "Gasification of Municipal Solid Waste", 11 July 2018, XP093350573 * |
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| KR20250038671A (ko) | 2025-03-19 |
| FR3138142B1 (fr) | 2026-03-27 |
| CN119768486A (zh) | 2025-04-04 |
| AU2023309723A1 (en) | 2025-01-23 |
| CL2025000144A1 (es) | 2025-06-13 |
| WO2024017651A1 (fr) | 2024-01-25 |
| JP2025524827A (ja) | 2025-08-01 |
| CA3261350A1 (fr) | 2024-01-25 |
| FR3138142A1 (fr) | 2024-01-26 |
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