EP4540666A1 - Mouvement horloger à réserve de marche accrue - Google Patents
Mouvement horloger à réserve de marche accrueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4540666A1 EP4540666A1 EP23735869.2A EP23735869A EP4540666A1 EP 4540666 A1 EP4540666 A1 EP 4540666A1 EP 23735869 A EP23735869 A EP 23735869A EP 4540666 A1 EP4540666 A1 EP 4540666A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- balance
- watch movement
- hairspring
- spring
- blade
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
- G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/045—Oscillators acting by spring tension with oscillating blade springs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a watch movement comprising a motor member (typically a barrel), an escapement arranged to receive mechanical energy from the motor member via a gear train and a balance-spring resonator arranged to cooperate with the exhaust.
- a motor member typically a barrel
- an escapement arranged to receive mechanical energy from the motor member via a gear train
- a balance-spring resonator arranged to cooperate with the exhaust.
- the present invention relates more particularly to such a watch movement whose power reserve is improved.
- EP 2871537 A1 describes an automatic winding watch movement comprising a capture device which reinjects energy taken from the finishing train into the barrel in order to increase the power reserve.
- This sensing device is only active when the automatic winding mechanism is inactive, that is to say when the watch remains in a fixed position in space.
- the differential gear device and the sensing device described in these documents EP 2701013 A1 and EP 2871537 A1 increase the complexity and size of the watch movement.
- the present invention aims to allow an increase in the power reserve in a given size and without making the watch movement more complex.
- the watch movement according to the invention is characterized in that the maximum oscillation amplitude of the balance-spring resonator, in all possible operating states of the watch movement and whatever the position of the watch movement in the space does not exceed 230°, preferably 225°, preferably 220°.
- the maximum amplitude of oscillation of a sprung balance in a watch movement is between 270° and 315° (see the Illustrated Professional Dictionary of Watchmaking by G. -A. Berner) and is preferably well above 300° (see for example patent EP 1473604). It is in fact admitted that low oscillation amplitudes are incompatible with good chronometric precision.
- the present invention goes against this traditional teaching by limiting the maximum oscillation amplitude to a low value, this in all possible operating states, that is to say whatever the degree of arming. of the motor, the mode of operation of the watch movement, the number of active complications, the active or inactive state of an automatic winding mechanism, etc., and whatever the position of the watch movement in space , it being remembered that for a sprung balance the amplitude of oscillation is maximum when it is in the horizontal position and minimum in the vertical position.
- the present invention is based on the observation that, contrary to technical prejudices on the subject, it is entirely possible to obtain, with low oscillation amplitudes, good chronometric performances equivalent to those obtained with high amplitudes.
- the flat-hanging amplitude, the walking delay due to the exhaust and the walking difference between vertical positions can be corrected or compensated for example by playing on viscous friction (for flat-hanging amplitude), by using a hairspring having a shape adapted to low amplitudes (to compensate for the delay in operation due to the escapement) and by compensating the step due to the weight of the hairspring by the step due to the lack of balance of the balance (to reduce the step difference between the vertical positions).
- this may comprise in the present invention a wound blade having a variable rigidity and/or a variable pitch chosen so that the rate due to the eccentric development of the hairspring in the horizontal position decreases. in the entire range of oscillation amplitudes between 130° and 220°.
- the average rate of known hairsprings (average of steps in their different horizontal and vertical positions) - whether they have the classic shape of an Archimedes spiral, with or not a Breguet terminal curve, or whether they have a rigidity variable and/or a variable pitch along their blade - is not monotonic at small amplitudes and has a local maximum/minimum around 150°, which prevents known hairsprings from compensating for the delay due to the escapement for small amplitudes of oscillation.
- the present invention also proposes a watch, in particular a wristwatch, comprising a watch movement as defined above.
- the present invention further proposes a method for increasing the power reserve of a watch movement comprising a motor member, an escapement arranged to receive mechanical energy from the motor member via a gear train and a balance-spring resonator arranged to cooperate with the escapement, characterized in that the watch movement is modified to reduce the maximum amplitude of oscillation of the balance-spring resonator, and in that one implements steps to improve chronometric precision.
- Figure 1 is an isochronism (step) diagram, obtained by analytical modeling, of a traditional hairspring in the shape of an Archimedes spiral positioned horizontally;
- Figures 2 and 3 are reproductions of Figures 4 and 8 of patent EP 2299336, which represent isochronism curves of hairsprings whose thickness and pitch vary in a non-monotonic manner to make the development of the hairspring substantially concentric;
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of a hairspring used in a first embodiment of the invention.
- the numbers 3, 6, 9 and 12 around the hairspring indicate the angular position of the hairspring in relation to the dial of the timepiece it is intended to equip;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram of the thickness of the blade of the hairspring of Figure 4 as a function of the number of turns measured from the inner end of the hairspring;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of the pitch of the hairspring of Figure 4 as a function of the number of turns measured from the inner end of the hairspring;
- FIG. 7 is a diagram, obtained by digital simulation, showing the movement due to the eccentric development of the hairspring of Figure 4 in the horizontal position in the oscillation range of 130° to 220°;
- FIG. 8 is a diagram, obtained by digital simulation, of the steps due to the weight of the hairspring of Figure 4 in the four vertical reference positions 3H, 6H, 9H and 12H;
- FIG. 9 is a plan view of a hairspring used in a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram of the thickness of the blade of the hairspring of Figure 9 as a function of the number of turns measured from the inner end of the hairspring;
- FIG. 11 is a diagram of the pitch of the hairspring of Figure 9 as a function of the number of turns measured from the inner end of the hairspring;
- FIG. 12 is a diagram, obtained by digital simulation, showing the movement due to the eccentric development of the hairspring of Figure 9 in the horizontal position in the oscillation range of 70° to 220°;
- FIG. 13 is a diagram, obtained by digital simulation, of the steps due to the weight of the hairspring of Figure 9 in the four vertical reference positions 3H, 6H, 9H and 12H;
- - Figure 14 is a plan view of a hairspring used in a third embodiment of the invention
- - Figure 15 is a diagram of the thickness of the blade of the hairspring of Figure 14 as a function of the number of turns measured from the inner end of the hairspring;
- FIG. 16 is a diagram of the pitch of the hairspring of Figure 14 as a function of the number of turns measured from the inner end of the hairspring;
- FIG. 17 is a diagram, obtained by digital simulation, showing the movement due to the eccentric development of the hairspring of Figure 14 in the horizontal position in the oscillation range of 70° to 220°;
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing the main elements of a watch movement.
- a watch movement 1 comprises, in a conventional manner, a motor member 2, a cog 3 driven by the motor member 1, an escapement 4 driven by the cog 3 and a balance resonator.
- balance spring 5 whose oscillations are maintained by the escapement 4.
- the escapement 4 and the resonator 5 together form an oscillator.
- the balance spring of resonator 5 is mounted on the balance axis and serves as a return spring to the balance.
- the motor unit 2 typically comprises one or more barrels.
- the maximum force of the motor member 2 and the gear ratios in the gear train 3 are chosen so that the maximum amplitude of oscillation of the resonator 5, in all possible operating states of the watch movement 1 and whatever the position of the watch movement 1 in space, does not exceed 230°, preferably 225°, preferably 220°.
- the maximum oscillation amplitude is the oscillation amplitude of the resonator 5 when the motor member 2 is fully armed, the resonator 5 is in a horizontal position and any complications integrated or associated with the watch movement 1 (for example a chronograph mechanism) are in the state where they draw the least energy from the motor member 2. Thanks to the low amplitude of oscillation of the resonator 5, the power reserve of the watch movement 1 can be high, typically greater than 65 hours, without having to increase the size of the motor unit 2 or add a special device.
- the power P dissipated in a balance-spring resonator can be expressed by the following formula: where f is the frequency of oscillation of the balance wheel, 0o is the amplitude of oscillation of the balance wheel, lo is the moment of inertia of the balance wheel and Q is the quality factor of the resonator 5.
- the quality factor Q depends in theory of oscillation amplitude and dry and viscous friction. However, it can be approximated by the following formula: where T is the viscous friction torque (considered constant), which leads to the following formula:
- the viscous friction torque can be increased by reducing the space between the balance wheel and the surrounding parts of the watch movement frame, in particular by reducing the radial space between the balance wheel and the frame, for example by replacing the bridge balance by a balance bridge having a different cutout.
- a flat-hanging amplitude not exceeding 40°, or even 35°, or even 30° can quite easily be obtained in this way, for example with a moment of inertia lo between 3 and 12 mg.cm 2 , preferably between 3 and 10 mg.cm 2 , preferably between 5 and 10 mg.cm 2 , an oscillation frequency f between 3 and 5 Hz, preferably between 3 and 4 Hz, and a viscous friction torque T greater than 4.10' 11 Nms/rad, preferably greater than 5.10' 11 Nms/rad, and typically between 4.10' 11 and 1 O' 10 Nms/rad, preferably between 5.10' 11 and 8.10' 11 Nms/rad.
- FIG. 1 shows the theoretical isochronism curve of a traditional hairspring in the shape of an Archimedes spiral and with constant blade thickness, in a horizontal position.
- a traditional hairspring in the shape of an Archimedes spiral and with constant blade thickness, in a horizontal position.
- the aforementioned isochronism curve is the rate curve due to the eccentric development of the balance spring in the horizontal position, that is to say the rate curve due to the reactions of the pivots of the balance axis to the decentering of the balance spring.
- the non-concentric development of a hairspring during the oscillation of the balance with which it is associated generates lateral forces of the pivots on the bearings in which they rotate, lateral forces which vary according to the amplitude of oscillation and decrease or increase the frequency of the balance-spring resonator.
- This disturbance is the same in all horizontal or vertical positions of the resonator. It can be expressed by a step pi, in seconds per day (s/d), according to the amplitude 0o of the pendulum:
- the pi rate is identical in all positions, horizontal and vertical, of the oscillator. The same applies to the movement due to the exhaust.
- the rate p2 due to the weight of the hairspring differs depending on the vertical position.
- the average of the steps p2 for the four vertical reference positions (3H, 6H, 9H and 12H) spaced 90° apart is zero.
- Figures 2 and 3 are reproductions of Figures 4 and 8 of patent EP 2299336.
- the curve FH of each of these figures corresponds to the step pi described above, namely to the step due to the eccentric development of the hairspring in a horizontal or walking position due to the reactions of the pivots. If we draw the average curve of the steps in the four vertical positions (average of the 3H, 6H, 9H and 12H curves), we see that it is confused with the FH curve, which is consistent with the point above .
- the CH curve in each of Figures 2 and 3 does not only represent the movement due to the reactions of the pivots. An additional disturbance, not indicated in the text of patent EP 2299336, has obviously been added.
- the hairsprings according to patent EP 2299336 are formed from a blade of variable thickness (more generally of variable rigidity) wound at a pitch which also varies.
- the variations in thickness and pitch are chosen so that the development of the balance spring is substantially concentric and thus the radial forces of the pivots in their bearings are substantially zero.
- the FH curve shows that the step due to the reactions of the pivots only decreases from an amplitude of approximately 200° (figure 2) or does not decrease (figure 3), which makes it impossible to compensate for the step delay. due to exhaust for small amplitudes.
- the balance spring is advantageously designed with a variable blade thickness and/or a variable pitch so as to obtain a decreasing pi rate in a range of amplitudes including small amplitudes.
- the thickness of the hairspring blade and the pitch of the hairspring are measured radially in relation to the geometric center of the hairspring.
- the pitch that is to say the distance between two consecutive turns, is measured between the neutral fibers of the turns.
- hairsprings that can be used in the invention are illustrated in Figures 4, 9 and 14.
- These hairsprings are made of a silicon-based material, more precisely of silicon covered with a thermal compensation layer of silicon oxide, and have a turn height of 120 pm, a distance between their interior end and their geometric center (distance measured between the neutral fiber and the geometric center) of 0.565 mm, a distance between their end outer and their geometric center (distance measured between the neutral fiber and the geometric center) of 2.35 mm and a number of turns which varies from one hairspring to another, i.e. respectively 9.62 turns, 8.44 turns and 7.37 turns for the hairsprings in figures 4, 9 and 14.
- the thickness of the blade forming the hairspring decreases continuously and over more than one turn from the inner end of the hairspring (abscissa 0 on the diagram) until to reach a minimum. Then, from this minimum, the thickness of the blade increases continuously and over more than one revolution until the outer end of the hairspring.
- the thickness of the blade forming the hairspring to decrease continuously and over more than one turn in the direction of winding of the blade from a first point located on the inner turn and decreases continuously and over more than one turn in the direction opposite to the direction of winding of the blade from a second point located upstream of the first point in said direction opposite to the direction of winding of the blade.
- the second point is located on the outer turn or on the turn which immediately follows the outer turn in said direction opposite to the direction of winding of the blade.
- the first point may be the inner end of the hairspring or a point distinct from the inner end.
- the second point may be the outer end of the hairspring or a point distinct from the outer end.
- the thickness of the blade decreases continuously from the first point until reaching a minimum (which can be the thickness of a single point of the hairspring or 'a portion of the hairspring), then grows continuously from this minimum to the second point.
- a minimum which can be the thickness of a single point of the hairspring or 'a portion of the hairspring
- the point or portion of minimum thickness is closer to the first point than to the second point in number of turns.
- the thickness at the level of first point is larger, and even larger by a factor greater than 2, than the thickness at the second point.
- Figures 7, 12 and 17 show the pi rate due to the eccentric development of the hairspring in the horizontal position for the hairsprings of Figures 4, 9 and 14 respectively.
- the rate pi is decreasing, which makes it possible to compensate for these small amplitudes the increasing rate of an escapement, in particular of an escapement with a Swiss anchor.
- the hairsprings of Figures 4, 9 and 14 produce a deviation of pi between the amplitudes of 130° and 220° greater than 1.2 s/d, 1.5 s/d and 5 s/d respectively, making it possible to compensate for a corresponding on delay due to exhaust in this amplitude range.
- the hairsprings used in the invention preferably produce a deviation of pi between the amplitudes of 130° and 220° of at least 1 s/d, or even at least 1.5 s/d, or even at least 2 s/d, or even at least 3 s/d, or even at least 4 s/d.
- hairsprings are also designed such that the minimum distance between the turns, at the most unfavorable location in contraction, distance measured between the two facing faces, is 25 pm.
- FIG. 8 and 13 show the step p2 due to the weight of the hairspring for the hairsprings of Figures 4 and 9 respectively.
- Step 2 is shown for the four vertical reference positions 3H, 6H, 9H and 12H spaced 90° apart. We can see that for each of these four vertical positions, the step p2 is canceled at an oscillation amplitude between 200° and 240°, or even between 210° and 230°.
- the present invention therefore relates to a watch movement 1 whose maximum oscillation amplitude of the resonator 5 does not exceed 230°, preferably 225°, preferably 220°, since it has been demonstrated that such a movement at increased power reserve can have good chronometric precision despite its low oscillation amplitude.
- the present invention also relates to a method for increasing the power reserve of a watch movement, according to which the watch movement is modified to reduce the maximum oscillation amplitude of the balance resonator.
- hairspring and we implement steps to improve chronometric precision namely for example:
- a step consisting of compensating for the running delay of the watch movement due to the escapement by replacing the hairspring of the balance-spring resonator with a hairspring comprising a wound blade having variable rigidity and/or a variable pitch, the variation of rigidity and/or pitch being such that the rate due to the eccentric development of the balance spring in the horizontal position decreases throughout the range of oscillation amplitudes between 130° and 220°,
- a step consisting of replacing the hairspring of the balance-spring resonator with a hairspring comprising a wound blade having variable rigidity and/or a variable pitch, the variation in rigidity and/or pitch being such that each of the respective steps due to the weight of the balance spring in four vertical positions spaced 90° apart at an amplitude of oscillation between 200° and 240°, preferably between 210° and 230°, and to create a fault in balance of the balance allowing to compensate at least in part for the movement due to the weight of the hairspring in each of these vertical positions.
- the watch movement can be in the form of a physical object or in the form of a virtual object (digital computer-aided design data) from which a physical watch movement will then be manufactured.
- this step can correspond to the step mentioned above consisting of correcting the flat-hanging in amplitude
- steps consisting of choosing a certain percentage of reduction in the amplitude of oscillation, of increasing the moment of inertia of the balance wheel and/or the frequency of oscillation and of increasing the viscous friction torque could be implemented to increase the chronometric sensitivity without necessarily improving the power reserve compared to the initial watch movement, for example to increase the chronometric sensitivity while keeping a power reserve deemed sufficient, for example equal to or slightly lower than that of the initial movement.
- a watch movement with increased chronometric sensitivity has the advantage of being less sensitive to disturbances and of being easier to adjust (adjustment of the average rate by rotating the balance weights or by milling the balance, for example).
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22178975.3A EP4293428A1 (fr) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Spiral pour résonateur horloger |
| PCT/IB2023/056135 WO2023242756A1 (fr) | 2022-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | Mouvement horloger à réserve de marche accrue |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4540666A1 true EP4540666A1 (fr) | 2025-04-23 |
Family
ID=82058386
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22178975.3A Withdrawn EP4293428A1 (fr) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Spiral pour résonateur horloger |
| EP23735864.3A Pending EP4540665A1 (fr) | 2022-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | Spiral pour résonateur horloger |
| EP23735869.2A Pending EP4540666A1 (fr) | 2022-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | Mouvement horloger à réserve de marche accrue |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22178975.3A Withdrawn EP4293428A1 (fr) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Spiral pour résonateur horloger |
| EP23735864.3A Pending EP4540665A1 (fr) | 2022-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | Spiral pour résonateur horloger |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (3) | EP4293428A1 (fr) |
| WO (2) | WO2023242746A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4650882A1 (fr) * | 2024-05-17 | 2025-11-19 | Richemont International S.A. | Procede de fabrication de spiraux d'horlogerie |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1473604B1 (fr) | 2003-04-29 | 2010-06-23 | Patek Philippe SA Genève | Organe de régulation à balancier et à spiral plan pour mouvement d'horlogerie |
| CH701846B8 (fr) | 2009-09-21 | 2015-06-15 | Rolex Sa | Spiral plat pour balancier d'horlogerie et ensemble balancier-spiral. |
| CH703581B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-22 | 2017-03-31 | Lvmh Swiss Mft Sa | Ressort-spiral pour organe régulateur d'un chronographe mécanique. |
| EP2701013B1 (fr) | 2012-08-23 | 2019-06-12 | Audemars Piguet (Renaud et Papi) SA | Mouvement d'horlogerie à réserve de marche étendue |
| CH707165B1 (fr) | 2012-11-07 | 2016-12-30 | Patek Philippe Sa Geneve | Mouvement d'horlogerie à balancier-spiral. |
| EP2871537B1 (fr) | 2013-11-06 | 2017-01-04 | ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse | Montre à réserve de marche améliorée |
| CH711962B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-10-31 | Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique Sa – Rech Et Développement | Procédé de fabrication d'un spiral d'une raideur prédéterminée avec retrait localisé de matière. |
| KR102305812B1 (ko) | 2016-03-23 | 2021-09-29 | 파텍 필리페 에스아 쥬네브 | 시계를 위한 평형 바퀴 오실레이터 |
| CH717182B1 (fr) * | 2019-01-23 | 2023-11-15 | Patek Philippe Sa Geneve | Mouvement de pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un oscillateur mécanique et un dispositif d'arrêt dudit oscillateur. |
| CH716518A2 (fr) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-02-26 | Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse | Mécanisme régulateur d'horlogerie. |
| EP3913441B1 (fr) | 2020-05-22 | 2024-05-01 | Patek Philippe SA Genève | Oscillateur pour pièce d'horlogerie |
-
2022
- 2022-06-14 EP EP22178975.3A patent/EP4293428A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2023
- 2023-06-14 EP EP23735864.3A patent/EP4540665A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-06-14 WO PCT/IB2023/056116 patent/WO2023242746A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-06-14 EP EP23735869.2A patent/EP4540666A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-06-14 WO PCT/IB2023/056135 patent/WO2023242756A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023242746A1 (fr) | 2023-12-21 |
| WO2023242756A1 (fr) | 2023-12-21 |
| EP4540665A1 (fr) | 2025-04-23 |
| EP4293428A1 (fr) | 2023-12-20 |
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