EP4526542A1 - Verfahren zur systematisch selektiven gewinnung von festen mineralischen rohstoffen mittels richtbohrtechnologie - Google Patents
Verfahren zur systematisch selektiven gewinnung von festen mineralischen rohstoffen mittels richtbohrtechnologieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4526542A1 EP4526542A1 EP23825195.3A EP23825195A EP4526542A1 EP 4526542 A1 EP4526542 A1 EP 4526542A1 EP 23825195 A EP23825195 A EP 23825195A EP 4526542 A1 EP4526542 A1 EP 4526542A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drilling
- borehole
- extraction
- series
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
- E21B15/04—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts specially adapted for directional drilling, e.g. slant hole rigs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
- E21B21/063—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by separating components
- E21B21/065—Separating solids from drilling fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
- E21B21/063—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by separating components
- E21B21/065—Separating solids from drilling fluids
- E21B21/066—Separating solids from drilling fluids with further treatment of the solids, e.g. for disposal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
- E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
- E21B3/04—Rotary tables
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/29—Obtaining a slurry of minerals, e.g. by using nozzles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
- E21B44/02—Automatic control of the tool feed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C45/00—Methods of hydraulic mining; Hydraulic monitors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the systematic, selective extraction of solid mineral raw materials using a drilling rig with directional drilling technology.
- the invention deals with the systematic,
- This waste rock mixed into the total production quantity due to mining, must subsequently be extracted from the respective mining area to the surface and thus not only burdens the operating performance and costs of extraction, but also, as a further consequence, all downstream processes such as crushing, processing, refining and disposal of process residues with unnecessary, worthless rock material.
- an extraction drilling unit in a first step, drills through a rock layer with an alignment drilling section and is selectively and precisely guided into an extraction zone
- a 3D drilling grid consisting of several extraction drilling sections is created at the end of the alignment drilling section and in a third step extraction drilling sections are drilled that are guided three-dimensionally parallel to one another, with a maximum distance of 45 cm between the final outer diameters of two adjacent extraction drilling sections, measured in the common normal direction of the two adjacent borehole axis sections, and with one extraction drilling section being drilled after the other and after the completion of an extraction drilling section, this extraction drilling section is secured together with the associated alignment drilling segment.
- the purpose of securing the rock is to restore sufficient rock stability and is preferably achieved by completely backfilling the extraction drilling section including the associated alignment drilling segment by means of (qualified) cementing.
- At least two borehole sections are provided.
- One section for the preparation and arrangement of the extraction (the alignment drilling section), in which a drilling grid is created from several extraction drilling sections, and the other for the extraction of the valuable mineral rock (the extraction drilling section), in which the extraction boreholes are drilled.
- the overburden lies between the surface and the planned mining section. It is therefore preferable that an overburden layer is removed before the first step with an exploratory drilling section, which is followed by the alignment drilling section - as described above.
- the exploratory drilling section which starts on the surface or underground, preferably drills through the overburden in any direction and is used to explore the deposits, i.e. to approach the deposit sections to be mined. In this case, three borehole sections are therefore provided.
- All two or three borehole sections are run through in the order listed in order to reach the mining block to be selectively extracted from the borehole starting point, the borehole head, which can be located either on the surface or underground.
- This alignment drilling section is preferably divided into at least two segments.
- the first segment leads in the direction of the extraction drilling sections.
- the second segment represents the mining device and connects the first alignment segment directly with the drilling grid of the extraction drilling sections.
- the alignment drilling section preferably comprises three segments, with the first segment directing in the direction of the extraction drilling sections and then being divided into at least two second segments.
- the first segment ensures - as explained above - the main alignment in the planned extraction drilling direction, which preferably points in the direction of fall of the main mineralization, while the second segments each lead specifically into individual mining sections to be selectively extracted.
- the second segments are followed by several third segments, which form the 3D drilling grid and thus prepare the highly selective extraction drilling sections.
- the valuable mineral rock is extracted systematically and highly selectively within the prepared mining section using an extraction drilling unit.
- the three-dimensionally precisely parallel extraction drilling sections are preferably produced at very close intervals. It is therefore preferably provided that the distance between the final outer diameters of two adjacent extraction drilling sections is a maximum of approx. 40 cm, more preferably a maximum of approx. 30 cm. The distance between the final outer diameters of two adjacent extraction drilling sections is measured in the common normal direction of the two adjacent borehole axis sections.
- the alignment drilling section is secured. This improves the stability of the rock.
- the exploratory drilling section is secured. This step also improves the stability of the rock.
- both the exploration and the alignment drilling section must also be secured.
- Zones that are poorly or only slightly mineralized, i.e. below a certain cut-off grade, or not mineralized at all are preferably selectively left out, bypassed and thus not mined or only drilled through or penetrated with the smallest possible borehole cross-section. This reduces in particular the amount of waste rock extracted and thus increases the environmental and energy-relevant efficiency of the process.
- geological and/or hydrogeological problem areas and/or known or unknown natural or artificially created cavities can be avoided or bypassed.
- the process in question allows a cross-sectional mining area of around 1 m 2 .
- the selectivity of the process of the present invention is therefore 16 times higher, more detailed and more precise than conventional processes, which use a cross-sectional mining area of around 16 m 2 .
- the proportion of waste rock in the total extraction quantity is thus reduced to a minimum during underground mining. This results in a significantly higher valuable mineral content in the total extraction quantity.
- all downstream processes are relieved by a significantly lower waste rock extraction quantity.
- Securing i.e. the rock mechanical stabilization of the borehole and the immediately adjacent rock, is essential to prevent the boreholes from drifting into open or poorly stabilized neighboring boreholes, for example. This danger exists in particular when drilling extraction sections, which are drilled very close to one another. In addition, the stabilization of completed boreholes is also necessary to ensure the overall stability of the mining area. Collapsing boreholes would make mining in the immediate mining area impossible. According to the invention, it is therefore provided that immediately after completion of an extraction drilling section, this extraction drilling section is secured. Depending on the existing rock conditions, it is further provided that (immediately) after completion of the exploration and orientation drilling sections, these drilling sections are also secured.
- the following four stabilisation measures are preferably provided to secure the drilling sections:
- Ad 1 Geotechnical stability studies, which take into account the prevailing rock conditions, the planned deposit recovery, the selected drilling technology and other environmental protection requirements, define the minimum permissible borehole spacing and the maximum permissible borehole diameters for each deposit and each extraction section.
- the arrangement of the extraction drilling sections according to the invention is carried out accordingly, for example, in the 3D standard drilling grid with constant borehole spacing and constant diameter, or deviating therefrom lb) in any variation and mixture of different distances and diameters for non-standard 3D grids, where lc) the bundles of parallel extraction drilling sections can have any length and take any direction, from vertical, inclined (steep or flat) to horizontal, but also slightly curved in all directions, and ld) the drilling order or sequencing of the boreholes in the 3D grid contributes significantly to rock stability.
- one extraction drilling section is drilled after the other.
- a first extraction drilling section is drilled first, followed by a second extraction drilling section which is a certain sequencing distance away from the first extraction drilling section.
- this sequencing distance is measured, for example, between the final outer diameters of the first extraction drilling section and the second extraction drilling section, in the common normal direction of the two adjacent borehole axis sections, and this is preferably larger than the final outer diameter of the first or the second extraction drilling section.
- the rock which makes up the sequencing distance can consist either of un-scraped rock or of rock which is largely stabilized by qualified borehole filling. The sequencing ensures the stability of the rock during the drilling process.
- the vertical drilling sequence of the boreholes or Well sections and well bundles can be sequenced in any order, but must meet the requirements of the stability study. However, it is most likely that they start at the highest point of depletion and are sequenced downwards. The smaller the borehole spacing, the higher the so-called deposit recovery, which can be up to 90% if the extraction drilling sections overlap slightly.
- rock stabilisation may also be achieved by partial or complete casing of the borehole, which may be carried out either with or without casing recovery.
- this extraction drilling section is completely filled by qualified cementing.
- Ad 3 Ad 3 .
- a borehole enlargement process is beneficial for the method of the invention and enables two preferred advantages:
- a step-by-step expansion of the borehole diameter makes it possible to maintain a larger borehole spacing in a first drilling phase using a smaller borehole diameter while still maintaining good rock stability and good positional accuracy, and to produce a final larger outer diameter with a closer spacing only in a subsequent second drilling phase, which uses the smaller, first Borehole diameter used as a guide;
- a step-by-step borehole enlargement increases the selectivity of the process according to the invention by allowing small dead zones, which cannot be avoided, to be penetrated with the smallest borehole diameter and deposit areas lying after the dead zone to be extracted.
- a deposit For mining purposes, a deposit is usually divided into several mining sections, within each of which homogeneous geological and geotechnical conditions exist and which satisfy the selected extraction method and the technology used.
- the deposit is divided into essentially homogeneous mining sections. This is preferably carried out before the first step of the method according to the invention. A so-called "pad drilling" method is then used within each mining section.
- the mining planning before the first step of the method according to the invention divides each mining section into one or more drilling blocks or "pads" which in their cover the entire extent of mineralization throughout the mining section.
- a pad is a drilling site that groups the wellheads for a specific number of exploratory boreholes on the surface, placing them very close together. Only one drilling rig is used in each pad, and by moving it over all the boreholes in the pad, it is drilled. The smaller the distances between the boreholes, the shorter the moving distances and the more efficient the process.
- a pad can typically contain five to ten exploration wells or their wellheads, each of which provides access to several parallel underground production drilling sections.
- the semi-mobile transport elements are or include, for example, hydraulic crawler, walking, sliding or rail systems.
- the "pad” drilling method makes it possible to drill groups of boreholes very efficiently while minimising the overall ecological footprint of the process at the surface.
- a route system is preferably provided between the wellheads of a drilling block in order to be able to transfer the drilling rig to the next wellhead ready for drilling.
- production can take place simultaneously in several pads, each with one drilling rig. Pad drilling techniques therefore make it possible to exploit a large area of valuable underground mineral reserves simultaneously while keeping the impact on the surface as low as possible.
- the drilling device has semi-mobile transport elements and in a fourth step is transferred to a new borehole head with the aid of its semi-mobile transport elements, at which the extraction drilling unit again drills through a rock layer with an alignment drilling section in a first step and is selectively and precisely guided into an extraction zone, in a second step a 3D drilling grid consisting of several extraction drilling sections is created at the end of the alignment drilling section and in a third step extraction drilling sections are drilled that are guided three-dimensionally parallel to one another, with a maximum distance of 45 cm between the final outer diameters of two adjacent extraction drilling sections, measured in the common normal direction of the two adjacent borehole axis sections, with one extraction drilling section being drilled after the other and after the completion of an extraction drilling section, this extraction drilling section together with the associated alignment drilling segment is secured, preferably by complete cementing.
- the distance between the outer diameters of two borehole sections that are precisely parallel to the extraction of the valuable mineral rock is preferably a maximum of approx. 45 cm, particularly preferably a maximum of approx. 40 cm, further preferably a maximum of approx. 30 cm, regardless of whether they are straight or, for example, following the direction of the mineralization, curved as desired, whether they are arranged vertically, inclined or flat, whether they start from the surface or only under an arbitrarily thick (thick) overburden starting underground, or whether they are short or several hundred meters long.
- known methods therefore require that the individual boreholes be relatively far apart from one another, as there is a risk of collision with other parallel boreholes and the planned narrow borehole path cannot be maintained. This significantly reduces the efficiency of the drilling, however, as the gaps between the boreholes cannot be reduced.
- the directional drilling technology of the drilling rig has several measuring units with different sensor sets.
- the measuring units are arranged in the extraction drilling unit, record the surveying navigation and geophysical rock information in the borehole and send this to a control element arranged above ground.
- Course of the borehole axis of a borehole during drilling a series of measurements by a first navigation measuring unit and a second navigation measuring unit is carried out, so that within a borehole a first series of measured values is obtained by the first navigation measuring unit and a second series of measured values is obtained by the second navigation measuring unit.
- two surveying navigation measuring units are installed in the extraction drilling unit, with the help of which two independent measurements are carried out for the same borehole section during drilling.
- the course of the borehole axis of a borehole section is therefore measured twice independently of one another, which makes it possible to increase the positional accuracy of the borehole course through multiple measurements.
- This method makes it possible to reduce the distance between two borehole sections, which are guided precisely parallel, to 45 cm or less, even for long borehole lengths.
- the navigation measuring units measure the same variables along a series of measured values, e.g. the inclination angle and the azimuth angle.
- the navigation measuring units can also each comprise several sensors, e.g. one sensor for the inclination angle and one for the azimuth angle, in order to be able to determine the respective position of a measuring point as precisely as possible.
- the position sensors can also comprise gyroscope sensors, for example.
- further measuring units can be installed in any number and at any distance from the Drill bits can be arranged one behind the other in the drill string.
- the number of multiple measurements can be increased by raising the entire drill string backwards once or several times and then lowering it forwards again, in particular after each drill rod or before each drill string extension or - as is preferably used in the extraction drilling sections - after an extraction drilling section has been extended by a certain borehole segment length.
- the standard deviation of a measurement parameter calculated by averaging six independent individual measurements is reduced by approximately 60% compared to the individual measurement.
- This increase in positional accuracy by approximately 60% is preferably sought in the third step of the method according to the invention for producing an extraction drilling section as follows.
- the starting point of a method according to the invention is preferably a conventional deposit model, which is converted into a high-resolution model in a first adaptation step. Based on this adapted model, it is planned in which mining sections valuable mineral rock is to be extracted. Due to the method arrangement according to the invention, it is possible to control the individual extraction drilling sections selectively and precisely into the planned mining blocks and to extract only the desired valuable mineral rock underground and to extract it above ground. Sections with too little or no valuable mineral content are selectively omitted or bypassed by the extraction drilling sections and thus not mined. If necessary, such areas can only be drilled or penetrated with the smallest possible borehole diameter in order to minimize the amount of waste rock extracted on the one hand and to reduce the waste zone after the waste zone on the other. to be able to exploit the remaining deposit area using borehole expansion techniques.
- the process makes it possible to extract even small, i.e. small-quantity raw material deposits that are not profitable using conventional methods.
- the process according to the invention does not require very capital-intensive initial investments for long-lasting underground mining facilities, such as shaft systems and/or ramp drives as well as the large-scale development and equipment facilities for the deposit sections, including the associated conveying, water management and ventilation systems.
- the process according to the invention can be stopped or interrupted at any time after completion and securing of the last drilling sections produced according to the invention and continued at a later point in time without the remaining parts of the deposit becoming unminable due to rock instability or the capital invested underground having to be written off at a loss.
- a drilling rig is understood to mean all the elements required to produce a borehole.
- the drilling rig thus includes, for example, the actual drilling rig with drilling tower above the borehole head on the surface, the standpipe for securing the borehole head on the surface, the drill string consisting of the individual drill rods and drill collars and finally the extraction drilling unit between the last drill or drill collar and the bottom of the borehole.
- the drilling rig is equipped with a directional drilling technology that enables precise directional deflection and direction control during every phase of the drilling process.
- a (highly) precise directional drilling technology is used.
- the extraction drilling unit preferably comprises a drill bit at the deepest point in the borehole and, in the immediate vicinity behind it, a drilling steering unit and a first navigation measuring unit.
- a geophysical measuring unit, a second navigation measuring unit, a first borehole extension unit and, if necessary, a second borehole extension unit can also be installed downstream of the first navigation measuring unit, with a first extension unit always being arranged behind the surveying and geophysical measuring units and a second extension unit always being installed at the end of the extraction drilling unit.
- the distance between the first and second extension units preferably corresponds to the typical length of a borehole segment for extending an extraction borehole section.
- the drill bit points in the planned, regular drilling direction and drills the first, inner borehole diameter of an extraction borehole section.
- the first navigation measuring unit measures a first series of measured values along the associated borehole course in the regular drilling direction.
- a second, behind-lying navigation measuring unit measures a second series of measured values accordingly and a geophysical measuring unit registers a first series of rock measured values of the rock segment that has just been drilled through.
- the expansion devices of the first and second borehole extension units are set (deactivated) if necessary, and the entire borehole is extended in the first borehole diameter by a certain length of a borehole segment in the regular drilling direction.
- a borehole diameter which has been enlarged for the first time and is larger than the first, inner borehole diameter, and possibly a borehole diameter which has been enlarged for the second time and is larger than the borehole diameter which has been enlarged for the first time are preferably already formed by previous drilling phases.
- the drilling progress is stopped and then the extraction drilling unit is moved backwards in the direction away from the bottom of the borehole, wherein during the backward movement of the extraction drilling unit preferably a series of measurements is carried out by the first navigation measuring unit and by the second navigation measuring unit, so that a third series of measured values and a fourth series of measured values are obtained within the borehole.
- a second series of rock measured values of the associated mountain segment can be measured with the geophysical measuring unit.
- drilling progress is briefly stopped, although borehole flushing is maintained. It is preferred that the expansion devices of the first expansion stage are then switched off (activated) and the extraction drilling activity is then continued backwards, i.e. in the opposite direction to the regular drilling direction from the bottom of the borehole.
- the associated borehole segment is expanded in reverse cut to the borehole diameter of the first expansion stage. In this case, it is therefore preferably provided that the borehole is enlarged during the backward movement by a first borehole enlargement device arranged in the extraction drilling unit.
- a series of measurements is again carried out by the first navigation measuring unit and by the second navigation measuring unit, so that a fifth series of measured values and a sixth series of measured values are obtained within the borehole.
- a third series of rock measured values of the associated mountain segment is preferably measured using the geophysical measuring unit.
- the expansion devices of the second expansion stage are switched off (activated), those of the first expansion stage remain switched off and the associated borehole section is further expanded during the forward movement by a second borehole expansion stage arranged at the end of the extraction drilling unit. It is therefore preferably provided that the borehole is expanded during the forward movement by a second borehole expansion device arranged in the extraction drilling unit.
- the first series of measured values and, if applicable, the second series of measured values, the third series of measured values, the fourth series of measured values, the fifth series of measured values and the sixth series of measured values are fed to a central control element on the surface of the day, wherein in the central Control element from the obtained series of measured values the mean spatial position of the borehole axis of the respective borehole segment is calculated. This significantly improves the accuracy of the position determination of the borehole axis in the associated borehole segment.
- the drilling device is controlled by the central control element based on the measurement results obtained. This enables the drilling device to be controlled more frequently and earlier to regulate or correct the current drilling direction based on the higher accuracy of the position determination of the current borehole course, in order to correct undesirable borehole deflections in good time and to be able to adhere to the planned borehole course as precisely as possible.
- geological and geotechnical conditions will most likely be almost identical or at least very similar with regard to the relevant drilling parameters.
- the surveying and geophysical measurement series determined when creating a first borehole e.g. an extraction borehole section, in particular those which characterize the undesirable borehole deviations from the planned borehole course, can be used very reliably for planning and controlling an extraction drilling unit guided in a second borehole which is located very close to the first borehole.
- an expected deflection in the second borehole which is already known from the measurement results of the first borehole, for example, can be avoided or reduced before it occurs by planning and appropriate countermeasures, so that the planned course of the second borehole can be better adhered to.
- the expected borehole deflections can be estimated fairly well in advance from the following data: a) very generally on the basis of the continuous, operational experience regarding the deflection when drilling through known rock formations with known reservoir geological and geotechnical properties on the one hand, and b) the precisely known, measured, actual borehole deflections on the other hand, which are documented in the digitally integrated system of the invention with the historical, operational borehole data in immediately adjacent boreholes.
- a series of plan and Actual data is linked in a holistic, digitally integrated system.
- the values and parameters of the borehole sinking recorded by sensors are integrated, as are those of the navigation of the borehole precisely into the planned mining blocks or one of the geophysical rock characteristics measured in the borehole.
- the totality of all these planning and measurement systems, including their digital data sets, is ultimately linked in a holistic, integrated manner with the digital laboratory data of the quality management.
- the method is preferably based on three sets of sensors.
- the first set is located essentially at the bottom of the borehole and is preferably installed in the immediate vicinity of the drill bit in the extraction drilling unit.
- the second set is located above ground, for example in the processing unit for separating the drilling cuttings from the drilling fluid, and the third set is in the valuable mineral processing unit for separating valuable mineral rock and waste rock and for producing the valuable mineral concentrates.
- each of the three sensor sets mentioned is equipped with the same or similar sensors that are suitable for measuring the same or similar geophysical signals.
- These can be, for example, density sensors, magnetic field sensors, sound wave sensors, infrared sensors, X-ray or gamma radiation sensors.
- the geophysical signals of the first sensor set which are continuously measured at the bottom of the borehole using a series of different sensors, characterize the valuable minerals, valuable mineral contents and/or rocks actually encountered and extracted. These sensor signals identify and measure the essential raw material and rock characteristics of a very small mining unit directly at the mining location in the borehole.
- All of this data is preferably used for integrated data reconciliation, data verification and continuous improvement of process management in data reconciliation loops, both for simulation (planning) and for operational control, monitoring and optimization of processes and process results.
- the second set of sensors is preferably installed above ground in the processing unit for separating the drilling cuttings from the drilling fluid. These sensor signals are used for the rapid identification, verification and separation of pure waste rock without valuable mineral content before it is fed into the downstream processing processes.
- the third sensor set is preferred in the sensor-based Valuable mineral sorting and waste rock separation are used to produce the concentrates.
- the processing of the mined mining unit takes place in the form of cuttings, preferably directly after and in direct connection with the drilling activity of the respective drilling rig. It is preferred that it is not combined or mixed with other mining units or mining blocks, i.e. each mining block extracted is processed separately.
- the drilling progress is stopped at a point in an extraction drilling section, with the flushing of the borehole continuing uninterrupted and the drilling process being continued again after a defined period of time, so that the drilling cuttings produced before the drilling process was stopped can be clearly distinguished from those after the drilling process was stopped.
- This makes it easy to separate the drilling cuttings drilled in the borehole in the individual mining blocks and subsequently process them separately from one another above ground.
- the system-relevant mass flows can be representatively sampled for each mining block.
- the quality laboratory analyses of this production and product sampling represent in their entirety the actual raw material characteristics of the mined block.
- This actual characteristic is preferably assigned to the actually measured sensor signals within the framework of one or more data comparison loops, which particularly preferably run continuously and digitally integrated between the individual processes.
- the comparison loops are preferably structured as follows. Preferably one or more of these loops are carried out.
- the final raw material parameters of a mining block which are derived from the quality laboratory data, are compared with the data and signals measured with the sensors at the bottom of the borehole.
- the final raw material parameters of a mining block are also compared with the data and signals from the sensors in the valuable mineral and rock sorting.
- the final raw material parameters of a mining block including the data and signals from the sensors in the borehole and in the rock sorting, are then compared with the corresponding estimated values of the deposit model and the mining planning.
- the estimated values for the currently mined and processed mining block are finally replaced by the corresponding actual data in the deposit model and new, refined estimated values for future mining blocks are determined by means of a new calculation or automatic re-modeling.
- the preferred integrated functionality of the method according to the invention comprises, for continuous digital data comparison, on the one hand a) rapid real-time data comparison loops within individual process sections and, on the other hand, b) data comparison loops in batch mode.
- Real-time data comparison loops are used for process control, monitoring and correction in real time.
- the real-time comparison of planned data with current actual data is generally considered to be a "validation" of the planned data and, in the case of a minor deviation, a real-time recording of a process deviation from planned target values.
- validated plan data are preferably replaced by their current determined actual data, while identified deviations trigger the calculation of correction factors and subsequently lead to a recalculation of corrected plan data.
- the sensor system is preferably reliably calibrated in all its components. This can be done in two steps: a) the initial calibration of the sensors using existing samples and data and the conventional reservoir model, and b) the final calibration of the overall system for operation, which is carried out on one or more pilot boreholes drilled in close proximity to existing core holes.
- the sensors are tested and calibrated in extensive tests on the basis of the rock samples available for the conventional reservoir model including the associated laboratory analyses.
- the final calibration for operation through one or more pilot holes involves positioning and drilling a pilot hole in close proximity to an existing core hole that reflects the true status of the geology and mineralization at that specific geological location.
- the distance between the pilot hole and the existing core hole should not exceed 2 m to ensure the highest accuracy and reliability for data correlation.
- the sensor signals of the three sensor sets actually measured in the pilot operation are assigned to the raw material and deposit characteristics actually identified in the core drilling at this point, thus making the system suitable for the Operation calibrated .
- a system for carrying out a method according to the invention comprising a drilling device with directional drilling technology, which is designed to produce a borehole extension, as well as devices for securing the boreholes.
- the system comprises a drilling rig with directional drilling technology in accordance with the invention and is designed, among other things, in such a way that borehole extensions can be produced and the securing of the boreholes can be supported.
- the system preferably comprises an extraction drilling unit, a plurality of sensors used by the process and a central control unit.
- the system preferably comprises at least a first navigation measuring unit and a second navigation measuring unit.
- the extraction drilling unit comprises a drill bit, a drilling steering unit, a first navigation measuring unit, a geophysical measuring unit, a second navigation measuring unit, a first borehole extension unit and a second borehole extension unit.
- the extraction drilling unit preferably has further sensors which are designed to detect the type of surrounding rock or the rock material drilled by the drilling device.
- the further sensor(s) are preferably designed to detect and identify valuable mineral enrichments in the borehole. These sensors are essential for the method and enable valuable mineral enrichments in the borehole to be detected and identified. This allows the actual condition underground to be compared with the deposit model and this can be continuously adjusted, preferably in batch mode.
- sensors can be provided for measuring the pick load on the drilling rig or the contact pressure of the drill bit as well as the rotation of the drill head, or acceleration sensors, sensors for measuring density, conductivity, the magnetic field, sound waves or infrared, near-infrared, gamma ray or X-ray radiation.
- the navigation measuring units and/or other sensors are preferably connected to the extraction drilling unit in an interchangeable manner in order to enable replacement if necessary.
- the sensors can be adapted to the rock materials expected in the respective extraction project in order to obtain reliable measurement results.
- the system can collect, correlate and compare all data obtained by sensors as well as from preparatory models – from the deposit model to mining planning and the drilling operation itself, through to the sorting and processing of the extracted material – in a central control unit in order to control and improve the models on the one hand and the specific operational processes on the other.
- This provides a holistically integrated system in which the individual process stages in the extraction and processing of raw materials, particularly solid mineral raw materials, are digitally linked to one another. This enables a system in which data measured in one stage of the process can be used in all stages in order to improve the current extraction and the respective models or simulations using real data.
- the system preferably also comprises a sorting or processing plant downstream of the drilling operation, in which the extracted material, in particular the extracted rock, is crushed, classified, sorted and processed into concentrate.
- the processing plant is preferably located above ground.
- the process according to the invention is not limited to a particular form or type of mineralization or deposit.
- the process according to the invention can be any process according to the invention.
- the applicability is tied to a type of mineralization that allows selective mining and selective Valuable mineral sorting is possible. In addition, it is limited by the rock strength and the market value of the total marketable metal and mineral contents contained in the total mining output.
- the method or system can be used for any type of drilling, preferably for the extraction of solid mineral raw materials.
- the method or system is independent
- flushing method used e.g. dry with compressed air, or wet with compressed air, or compressed air with foam, or in the reverse circulation method, or wet with a standard drilling fluid from oil and gas drilling technology
- the drive system selected, e.g. whether the drive for percussive, rotary percussive or rotary drilling is from above ground or in the borehole,
- the invention makes a technological contribution to the "responsible and sustainable procurement of critical metals and minerals", as unequivocally demanded worldwide by the ESG ("Environmental, Social and governance” requirements for sustainable investments and modern, responsible industrial management in the areas of green technology, renewable energy, e-mobility, digitalization and decarbonization.
- the invention thus offers a much sought-after alternative to the conventional extraction and processing of critical metals and minerals in modern industry. It is a disruptive innovation that generally makes a significant contribution to more sustainable and digital processes in mining.
- Fig. 1 shows a first step of a method according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a second step of a method according to the invention
- Fig. 3 shows a third step of a method according to the invention
- Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a 3D drilling grid
- Fig. 5 to Fig. 9 show various options for a 3D drilling grid
- Fig. 10 shows a cross-section of a 3D drilling grid with sequential order
- Fig. 11 shows a cross-section of a drilling grid with borehole extensions
- Fig. 12 shows a vertical section of an excavation plan
- Fig. 13 shows an overview of a preferred method in longitudinal section
- Fig. 14 shows a further preferred method for the semi-mobile transfer of the drilling rig
- Fig. 15 to Fig. 18 shows a preferred method according to the invention in the borehole.
- Fig. 1 shows a preferred step prior to the first step of a method according to the invention, in which an exploratory drilling section 2 starts at the borehole head 3 on the surface 1 and is drilled vertically through a rock layer 5 via a standpipe 4. An exploratory drilling section 2 is followed by an alignment drilling section 6 (Fig. 2).
- a first step of a method according to the invention is shown, wherein following an alignment drilling section 6 a 3D drilling grid 7 is prepared from several extraction drilling sections 8.
- the alignment drilling section 6 has a curved first
- FIG. 3 shows a third step of a method according to the invention, in which the extraction drilling sections 8 prepared in the second step are carried out.
- several segments 6a, 6b, 6c of the alignment drilling section 6 are provided, each of which ends in a 3D drilling grid 7 of several extraction drilling sections 8.
- FIG. 4 an exemplary drilling grid 7 is shown in a cross-sectional view.
- the individual extraction drilling sections 8 can, as shown, have different diameters. Furthermore, the extraction drilling sections 8 are only arranged in areas with sufficient mineralization, while waste rock areas 9 are either left out or can only be drilled through or penetrated with a small borehole cross-section.
- Fig. 5 shows a first 3D drilling grid 7 in which all extraction drilling sections 8 have the same diameter and the same distance from one another.
- the extraction drilling sections 8 are each arranged in bundles 10 of seven extraction drilling sections 8, in which six extraction drilling sections 8b are evenly arranged around a central extraction drilling section 8a.
- a second 3D drilling grid 7 is shown, whereby, in contrast to the 3D drilling grid 7 according to Fig. 5, the distances between the extraction drilling sections 8 are not always the same, but a waste rock area 9 is left out.
- the bundles 10 are each designed as in the embodiment according to Fig. 5, although there is sometimes a larger distance between the individual bundles 10.
- a third 3D drilling grid 7 is shown in which, in contrast to the design according to Fig . 6, the individual Bundles 10 are not fully formed, but individual extraction drilling sections 8b are missing, as shown by the circles 11.
- a fourth 3D drilling grid 7 is shown in Fig. 8.
- the central extraction drilling sections 8a of the bundles 10 are each designed with a larger diameter than the other extraction drilling sections 8b.
- a fifth 3D drilling grid 7 is shown, wherein a bundle 10 with seven equally sized extraction drilling sections 8, a bundle 10 with a larger central extraction drilling section 8a and a bundle 10 with a larger central extraction drilling section 8a and five extraction drilling sections 8 surrounding the central extraction drilling section 8a are formed, wherein the extraction drilling sections 8c partially overlap with the central extraction drilling section 8a and the extraction drilling sections 8d have a smaller diameter than the extraction drilling sections 8c.
- FIG. 10 another 3D drilling grid 7 is shown, with the individual extraction drilling sections 8 being designated with letters A, B, C, D, E, which indicate one of many possible drilling sequences.
- the sequence begins with the sequence "A” and all extraction drilling sections 8b designated “A” on the left in the top row and continues to the right, followed by the next row directly below and so on as required until the last row is drilled.
- This sequence ensures, on the one hand, that there is sufficient distance between the holes that are drilled in sequence "A" immediately after one another, and, on the other hand, that the filling/cementing of the completed holes has sufficient time to harden before the next adjacent hole in sequence "B" is drilled.
- Sequence "A” begins sequence "B” with all extraction drilling sections 8b marked “B” at the top left in the same way.
- sequence “B” the entire ring structure of all bundles 10 is complete.
- sequences "C”, “D” and “E” the remaining space within the bundles 10 is drilled out by extraction drilling sections 8a. This can be done with the same diameter as sequences "A” and “B”, or with a larger diameter that reaches up to the extraction drilling sections 8b or slightly overlaps them, as required. The smaller the distances, the higher the so-called deposit recovery, which can be up to 90% with a slight overlap.
- the sequence of drilling and the immediate securing of each extraction drilling section 8 by complete cementing ensure that a sufficient level of rock stability is maintained at all times.
- a further 3D drilling grid 7 is shown, wherein the individual extraction drilling sections 8 are designated with letters A, B, C, which indicate the drilling sequence. Furthermore, a borehole expansion of the extraction drilling sections 8 is shown.
- the outer extraction drilling sections 8b designated A and B are expanded to the final outer diameter with an expansion stage of the extraction drilling unit.
- the central extraction drilling section 8a is produced with two passes and two expansion stages.
- the final external borehole diameters of a borehole according to the invention or of a borehole segment according to the invention are preferably produced using the borehole enlargement method according to Fig. 11.
- Fig. 12 a vertical section of a mining plan of a method according to the invention is shown schematically in dip, in which the extraction drilling sections 8 are each guided parallel in the 3D drilling grids 7 and their vertical arrangement is shown in the block model of a conventional deposit model.
- Fig. 13 shows a schematic longitudinal section of an mining process according to the invention, in which the drilling process is carried out at several locations simultaneously using several drilling rigs.
- the deposit is divided into four mining sections 12, for example each around 200m long in the direction of dip of the deposit.
- the direction of the extraction drilling sections 8 follows the generalized direction of dip of the deposit or mineralization.
- the deposit is divided into mining sections of, for example each 125m wide, whereby each of these mining sections is exposed from the surface by means of four drilling blocks 14 (so-called "pads").
- FIG. 14 an exemplary arrangement of the borehole starting points or borehole heads 17 within a drilling block (a so-called pad) 14 is shown in detail.
- Each drilling block (pad) 14 comprises five planned borehole heads 17, which are arranged in close proximity to one another and between which a drilling rig can be transferred in an operational state by means of semi-mobile transport units.
- the borehole heads 17 shown are arranged in the direction of the pad route 16, with a borehole head
- the required production capacity is provided by the simultaneous operation of one drilling rig on several drilling blocks 14 and their rapid transfer between the borehole heads 17 of a drilling block 14.
- Fig. 15 illustrates a first phase of an inventive application of an extraction drilling unit 19.
- an extraction drilling unit 19 designed to carry out a method according to the invention is shown schematically, which is arranged at the end of the drill string between a last drill rod 20 and the borehole depth 21.
- the extraction drilling unit 19 comprises a drill bit 22, a drill steering unit 23, a first navigation measuring unit 24, a geophysical measuring unit 25, a second navigation measuring unit 26, a first borehole extension unit 27 and, at the end of the extraction drilling unit 19, a second borehole extension unit 28.
- the arrow 29 points in the regular drilling direction.
- the drill bit 22 drills the first borehole diameter 30.
- the first navigation measuring unit 24 measures a first series of measured values along the borehole course in the direction of the arrow 29.
- the second navigation measuring unit 26 measures accordingly a second series of measured values and the geophysical measuring unit 25 measures a first series of rock measured values.
- the first extension stage 27 and the second extension stage 28 are set and the entire bore is extended in the first borehole diameter 30 by the borehole segment in the length of the arrow 29 in the regular drilling direction.
- a second borehole diameter 31, which is larger than the first borehole diameter 30, and a third borehole diameter 32, which is larger than the second borehole diameter 31, are already formed.
- Fig. 16 shows a schematic representation of a second phase of a method according to the invention.
- Fig. 17 shows a schematic representation of a third phase of a method according to the invention.
- the drilling progress is again briefly stopped, but the expansion devices of the first expansion stage 27 remain switched off and the borehole flushing is maintained.
- the expansion devices of the second expansion stage 28 are switched off and the drilling activity is continued in the regular drilling direction. forward, i.e. in the direction of arrow 29, and in the process the borehole is enlarged in the forward section to the final second enlarged borehole diameter 32.
- a fifth series of measured values is measured with the first navigation measuring unit 24, a sixth series of measured values with the second navigation measuring unit 26 and a third series of rock measured values with the geophysical measuring unit 25.
- Fig. 18 shows a schematic representation of a fourth phase of a method according to the invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA50904/2022A AT526723B1 (de) | 2022-11-29 | 2022-11-29 | Verfahren zur systematisch selektiven Gewinnung von festen mineralischen Rohstoffen |
| PCT/AT2023/060413 WO2024112991A1 (de) | 2022-11-29 | 2023-11-24 | Verfahren zur systematisch selektiven gewinnung von festen mineralischen rohstoffen mittels richtbohrtechnologie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4526542A1 true EP4526542A1 (de) | 2025-03-26 |
Family
ID=89223604
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23825195.3A Pending EP4526542A1 (de) | 2022-11-29 | 2023-11-24 | Verfahren zur systematisch selektiven gewinnung von festen mineralischen rohstoffen mittels richtbohrtechnologie |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4526542A1 (de) |
| AT (1) | AT526723B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2023404635A1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK202570064A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024112991A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202503760B (de) |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1989002513A1 (fr) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-03-23 | Bogdany Bela | Installation de forage et d'extraction destinee a l'exploitation miniere |
| DE3738420A1 (de) * | 1987-11-12 | 1989-05-24 | Klemm Bohrtech | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von pfaehlen im erdreich |
| DE3902869C1 (de) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-04-12 | Eastman Christensen Co., Salt Lake City, Utah, Us | |
| NO318120B1 (no) * | 1995-01-12 | 2005-02-07 | Baker Hughes Inc | Anordning og fremgangsmate for retningsboring ved hjelp av nedihulls bearbeidede formasjonsmaledata |
| NO333654B1 (no) * | 2000-06-19 | 2013-08-05 | Halliburton Energy Serv Inc | Fremgangsmate for styring av en boreanordning |
| US6530154B2 (en) * | 2001-07-19 | 2003-03-11 | Scientific Drilling International | Method to detect deviations from a wellplan while drilling in the presence of magnetic interference |
| US20100276139A1 (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2010-11-04 | Texyn Hydrocarbon, Llc | System and method for generation of synthesis gas from subterranean coal deposits via thermal decomposition of water by an electric torch |
| DE102007029782A1 (de) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-24 | Dreiucker, Wolfgang, Dipl.-Ing. | Verfahren zur geologischen Erkundung von mineralischen Rohstofflagerstätten in Verwitterungslagen |
| JP5379804B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-19 | 2013-12-25 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 炭化水素含有層の処理用熱源の不規則な間隔 |
| EP2065553B1 (de) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-12-25 | Services Pétroliers Schlumberger | System und Verfahren zum Bohren seitlicher Bohrlöcher |
| WO2009142782A2 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | System and method for densely packing wells using magnetic ranging while drilling |
| EP2853681A1 (de) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-01 | Welltec A/S | Wärmeexpandierte ringförmige Barriere |
| US20200332639A1 (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2020-10-22 | Jimmy Lynn Davis, JR. | Method of Drilling Vertical and Horizontal Pathways to Mine for Solid Natural Resources |
| DE112019001222T5 (de) * | 2018-03-09 | 2020-11-26 | Schlumberger Technology B.V. | Integrierte Bohrlochkonstruktionssystem-Betriebsvorgänge |
| US20200190907A1 (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-18 | Denison Mines Corp. | Method of Surface Borehole Mining Using Horizontal Drilling Techniques |
| DE102019122431A1 (de) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-02-25 | Marco Systemanalyse Und Entwicklung Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines automatisierten Strebs |
-
2022
- 2022-11-29 AT ATA50904/2022A patent/AT526723B1/de active
-
2023
- 2023-11-24 EP EP23825195.3A patent/EP4526542A1/de active Pending
- 2023-11-24 WO PCT/AT2023/060413 patent/WO2024112991A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-24 AU AU2023404635A patent/AU2023404635A1/en active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-05-01 DK DKPA202570064A patent/DK202570064A1/en unknown
- 2025-05-02 ZA ZA2025/03760A patent/ZA202503760B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK202570064A1 (en) | 2025-06-16 |
| WO2024112991A1 (de) | 2024-06-06 |
| AU2023404635A1 (en) | 2025-05-15 |
| AT526723B1 (de) | 2025-10-15 |
| AT526723A1 (de) | 2024-06-15 |
| ZA202503760B (en) | 2026-01-28 |
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