EP4493772B1 - Mehrstöckige gebäudestruktur - Google Patents

Mehrstöckige gebäudestruktur

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Publication number
EP4493772B1
EP4493772B1 EP23711723.9A EP23711723A EP4493772B1 EP 4493772 B1 EP4493772 B1 EP 4493772B1 EP 23711723 A EP23711723 A EP 23711723A EP 4493772 B1 EP4493772 B1 EP 4493772B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
horizontal
vertical
longitudinal
transversal
engineered wood
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23711723.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4493772A1 (de
EP4493772C0 (de
Inventor
Manuel Pérez Romero
Jaime TARAZONA LIZARRAGA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phylem Structures SL
Original Assignee
Phylem Structures SL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phylem Structures SL filed Critical Phylem Structures SL
Publication of EP4493772A1 publication Critical patent/EP4493772A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4493772B1 publication Critical patent/EP4493772B1/de
Publication of EP4493772C0 publication Critical patent/EP4493772C0/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/43—Floor structures of extraordinary design; Features relating to the elastic stability; Floor structures specially designed for resting on columns only, e.g. mushroom floors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/14—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or girders laid in two directions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/14—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/16—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. trusses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/36—Columns; Pillars; Struts of materials not covered by groups E04C3/32 or E04C3/34; of a combination of two or more materials

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed towards a multi-floor building structure, including an array of pillars and several horizontal structures supported on said array of pillars, wherein at least the horizontal structures are made of engineered wood.
  • the present invention is intended for obtaining a multi-floor building structure where the horizontal structures are mostly or entirely made of engineered wood elements connected together preferably through durable moisture-resistant structural adhesives such as polyurethane or other resins.
  • Wood construction is also known, and it is advantageous over the concrete and steel construction methods because wood absorbs CO2 while growing, and structures made of wood retain the absorbed CO2 during the entire life span of the building. Also is lighter, easy to manipulate and to transport.
  • Prefabricated wood structures are also known, providing cost reductions, quality improvements, reduction in the construction times and material optimizations.
  • Those known prefabricated wood structures comprise the prefabrication of structural elements or structure portions in a production facility, its transport to the building site, and the later assembling those elements or portions to obtain the complete structure.
  • this system has several limitations.
  • size of the prefabricated structural elements or structure portions is limited by the transport thereof, typically limited to a truck size.
  • the second limitation of this prefabricated wood structures is the structural connection between independent structural elements or structure portions in the building site, which is normally obtained by nails, screws or tailor made metallic nodes.
  • a structure of independent interconnected elements is much less efficient than a rigid unitary structure, from the perspective of the mass / resistance relation.
  • Prefabricated building structures typically made of mass timber or similar types of engineered wood, are also known. Those building structures commonly comprise pillars and beams, and sometimes even secondary beams supported on the beams, all covered by a mass timber slabs.
  • connection between beams and pillars commonly comprises metallic connectors, and each beam, secondary beam and mass timber slab are not rigidly connected to each other, but articulated, reducing the overall load-resistance of the structure, and requiring a sub-optimal amount of material and weight to withstand the structural loads.
  • a concrete layer is poured covering the mass timber slabs to provide structural continuity to the horizontal structure, but greatly increasing the weight.
  • flanged joist i.e. joists with upper and/or lower flanges attached to a central web, as said beams and secondary beams above described, but also not rigidly connected to each other, obtaining a slab with the same problems described above.
  • This product can be used as a wall, as a roof, but its use as a building floor requires the addition of beams or secondary beams underneath to increase its structural resistance, with the problems described above. Also, the connection between adjacent panels does not provides a transmission of the structural loads between adjacent panels.
  • this solution does not provide a structural continuity between adjacent upper and lower horizontal boards, preventing the transmission of horizontal loads between adjacent upper horizontal boards or adjacent lower horizontal boards, preventing the horizontal structure to behave structurally as a single continuous and rigid horizontal structure, withstanding bending forces and transmitting such forces to pillars.
  • WO2016191510A1 do not describe a structurally unitary slab that channels and accumulates loads around the pillars supporting the slab, there is also no known optimization of the strength of different areas of the slab to support such concentrated loads and to achieve a reduction in weight and cost of the structure.
  • Document EP3.919.698A1 discloses a multi-floor building structure according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention aims to solve the above and other technical problems, providing a building technology with engineered wood.
  • the present invention is directed towards a multi-floor building structure, for example a building with at least five stories, as described in claim 1.
  • the proposed building structure comprises, in a manner already known, pillars and one horizontal structure, made of engineered wood, for each building floor of the building supported on said pillars, each horizontal structure including vertical through holes for inserting the pillars therethrough.
  • the pillars are continuous uninterrupted pillars crossing the overlapped horizontal structures through said vertical through holes.
  • Each horizontal structure is supported on several pillars, to which it is connected, preferably through first seats integrated in the pillars.
  • Each pillar can be, for example, one single vertical strut of engineered wood, preferably with fibers oriented in a vertical direction, or a plurality of parallel vertical struts made of engineered wood, preferably with fibers oriented in a vertical direction, rigidly connected to each other at a horizontal distance.
  • pillars can also be made of other materials such as steel or concrete.
  • the horizontal structure can be also a storey ceiling slab, or a roof slab, and that a horizontal element is an element with its main surfaces being substantially horizontal, and a vertical element is an element with its main surfaces being substantially vertical.
  • the engineered wood are derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing fibers, particles, fibers, veneers or boards of wood, wood chips, wood powder, or other vegetal products such bamboo, together with adhesives to form composite material.
  • This type of wood is also known as mass timber, composite wood, man-made wood, or manufactured board.
  • engineered wood The most common types of engineered wood are the plywood, which is manufactured from sheets of laminated veneer switching directions and bonded under heat and pressure with durable moisture-resistant adhesives, the laminated veneer lumber (LVL), which is similar to plywood but with the veneers all stack in the same direction, the oriented strands board (OSB) manufactured from wood flakes oriented in multiple directions compressed and glued together, the laminated strand lumber (LSL), which is similar to OSB but with the strands all stack in the same direction, and the medium-density fiberboard manufactured from wood fibers or sawdust compressed and glued together.
  • Other types of engineered wood products are commonly known as Glulam, and cross-laminated timber (CLT).
  • the engineered wood used in the present invention in the main engineered wood components, or at least for the engineered wood components supporting higher loads, such the upper and lower horizontal layers have a maximal compressive/tensile strength comprised between 10 to 40 N/mm 2 and/or a maximal shear strength up to 8 N/mm 2
  • the adhesives used preferably have, once hardened, a maximal compressive strength equal or higher than the compressive strength of the attached engineered wood components and a maximal shear strength equal or higher than the shear strength of the attached engineered wood components.
  • Each horizontal structure comprises an upper horizontal layer and a lower horizontal layer of engineered wood facing each other, and vertically separated and rigidly connected through an array of intersected longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs of engineered wood elongated in a longitudinal horizontal direction and in a transversal horizontal direction.
  • the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions are two horizontal and intersecting directions, which can be perpendicular to each other, or can define different non-orthogonal angles between them.
  • the horizontal structure is a rigid slab including two overlapped and separated horizontal layers, made of engineered wood, connected to each other through vertical ribs, also made of engineered wood, oriented in two intersecting horizontal directions, such the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions, defining an array of vertical ribs.
  • the longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs are structurally attached to both the upper and lower horizontal layers, mainly withstanding shear loads between both upper and lower horizontal layers.
  • Each of the upper and lower horizontal layers is made of engineered wood segments structurally adhered together providing structural continuity at least in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions across the entire horizontal structure.
  • the present invention further proposes, in a manner not known in the state of the art, to include, in the horizontal structures, a collar reinforcement configuration in a collar reinforced portion defined around at least some of the vertical through holes, each collar reinforcement configuration completely surrounding one vertical through hole in a structurally continuous manner.
  • the vertical structural continuity of the pillars, uninterrupted by the horizontal structure, is beneficial to the stability of the multi-floor building.
  • the vertical through holes of the horizontal structure enable said vertical structural continuity of the pillars but produce a local weakening of the horizontal structure in the region where the loads are concentrated to transmit the loads from the horizontal structure to the pillars and between portions of the horizontal structure located at opposed sides of the pillar.
  • the collar reinforcement configuration encloses the vertical through hole by completely surrounding it in a structural manner, providing a reinforcement to the horizontal structure made of engineered wood in this region around the vertical through holes where loads are concentrated.
  • the collar reinforcement configuration comprises:
  • each of the upper and lower horizontal layers are structurally continuous both in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions, resisting and transmitting tensile and/or compressive structural loads in said at least two different horizontal directions across the entire horizontal structure.
  • This combined with the array of longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs, provides a bi-directional slab structurally continuous across the entire horizontal structure of one building floor, obtained by individual engineered wood segments structurally adhered together, for example using durable moisture-resistant structural adhesives such as polyurethane or other resins.
  • a bi-directional slab can withstand and transmit longitudinal and transversal bending loads between adjacent bays across the entire horizontal structure, reducing the maximum bending loads accumulated on the nodes between the horizontal structure and the pillars.
  • the structural continuity of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers can be obtained by a continuous sheet of engineered wood extending in the longitudinal and transversal directions, or by multiple parallel continuous bands of engineered wood extending in the longitudinal direction, providing structural continuity in the longitudinal direction, and multiple parallel continuous bands of engineered wood extending in the transversal direction, providing structural continuity in the transversal direction, said bands of engineered wood being rigidly connected to each other in the intersections, and optionally defining light-weighting apertures between the intersecting bands.
  • Said structural strengthening is obtained by an increase of the thickness of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers, and/or by an increase of the thickness of the longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs and/or by an increase in the proximity between the longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs in the surroundings of each vertical through hole and/or by an increase of the load-resistance per square centimeter of the engineered wood constitutive of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers, using more resistant engineered wood in the proximity of the through-holes than in other areas.
  • Said increase in the thickness of the horizontal layers or of the ribs and/or said increase in the load-resistance per square centimeter and/or said increase in the proximity between ribs can be a gradual increase, providing a gradation of load-resistances, thicknesses and/or separation distances across the building structure, or a stepped increase, providing several sudden increases in the thickness, load-resistance per square centimeter and/or proximity between said elements.
  • the collar reinforcement configuration can comprise the thickness of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers being bigger than the thickness of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers in other portions of the horizontal structure different to the collar reinforced portions, said thickness increasing with the proximity to the vertical through hole.
  • the thickness of, and/or the proximity between, longitudinal or transversal vertical ribs can be bigger than the thickness of, and/or the proximity between, the longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs contained in other portions of the horizontal structure different to the collar reinforced portions, said thickness and/or proximity increasing with the proximity to the vertical through hole.
  • the other portions of the horizontal structure different to the collar reinforced portion will be typically a central non-reinforced portion of the horizontal structure, away from the vertical through holes, where a weight reduction is sought.
  • the load-resistance of the engineered wood constitutive of the upper and/or lower layers in the collar reinforced portions can be bigger than the load-resistance of the engineered wood constitutive of the upper and/or lower layers in other portions of the horizontal structure different to the collar reinforced portions, said load-resistance increasing with the proximity to the vertical through hole.
  • the load-resistance per square centimeter of the engineered wood constitutive of the longitudinal or transversal vertical ribs in the collar reinforced portions can be bigger than the load-resistance per square centimeter of the engineered wood constitutive of the longitudinal or transversal vertical ribs in other portions of the horizontal structure different to the collar reinforced portions.
  • said other portions can be the above cited central non-reinforced portions.
  • the collar reinforcement configuration can further include an annular stiffener made of engineered wood protruding upwards and/or downwards from the horizontal structure around the vertical through hole, the annular stiffener being rigidly and structurally connected to the horizontal structure.
  • Said annular stiffener will be an engineered wood element, preferably a horizontal element, which encloses the vertical through hole.
  • This annular stiffener is rigidly and structurally adhered to the horizontal structure and, because it protrudes from the horizontal structure upwardly and/or downwardly, it provides a local increase in the height of the horizontal structure, increasing its bending resistance.
  • said annular stiffener is made of at least two portions of engineered wood with fibers oriented mostly in the longitudinal horizontal direction interconnected by at least two other portions of engineered wood with fibers oriented mostly in the transversal horizontal direction, defining a closed enclosure around the vertical through hole.
  • the collar reinforced portion increases the resistance of the horizontal structure on its intersection with one pillar, creating a virtual capital. Said collar reinforcer portion further conducts and distributes horizontal loads around the vertical through hole, increasing the stiffness of the horizontal structure.
  • the horizontal structure can include preferably at least three, and preferably four, five or more, different thicknesses and/or load-resistances, and/or separation distances between elements, providing the maximal resistance on the collar reinforced portion around each vertical through hole, where the thickness and/or proximity between the elements will be the maximal, providing an intermediate resistance in regions comprised between pairs of adjacent vertical through holes of the same longitudinal or transversal aligned succession of vertical through holes, and providing the minimal thickness and/or proximity, and therefore the minimal weight and cost, in central non-reinforced portions of the horizontal structure away from the vertical through holes and from the longitudinal or transversal aligned succession of vertical through holes.
  • the vertical through holes of each horizontal structure comprises several longitudinal successions of vertical through holes aligned in the longitudinal horizontal direction, defined by the direction of the longitudinal vertical ribs, and several transversal successions of vertical through holes aligned in a transversal horizontal direction defined by the transversal vertical ribs, defining an array of vertical through holes.
  • the pillars inserted through said array of vertical through holes will also constitute an array of pillars including several longitudinal aligned successions of pillars and several transversal successions of pillars.
  • some or all the through-holes can be misaligned, in correspondence with misaligned pillars.
  • Each pillar can include at least one first seat for each building floor, and each horizontal structure can be supported on said first seats through at least one second seat defined in a downwardly exposed portion thereof facing the at least one first seat, preferably a downwardly exposed portion of the collar reinforcement configuration or of an annular stiffener downwardly protruding from the collar reinforcement configuration.
  • the second seat can be, for example, a downwardly exposed portion of a portion of an elongated reinforcement configuration passing through a hollow interior of the pillar.
  • Each second seat can be defined on the lower horizontal layer of the horizontal structure or on downwardly exposed portions of the longitudinal and/or transversal vertical ribs.
  • said second seats can be adjacent to the vertical through hole, can be defined in a protrusion partially penetrating in said through holes in a horizontal direction or can be defined in bridge portions completely crossing the through hole, in one or two horizontal directions, creating several partial through holes, each housing one of said several vertical struts, constitutive of one pillar, separated in the horizontal direction and rigidly connected to each other through spacers.
  • Those lower horizontal layer and/or longitudinal or transversal vertical ribs constitutive of the second seat are portions of the collar reinforcement configuration and therefore are thicker and/or more load-resistant per square centimeter and/or closer to each other than in other regions of the horizontal structure.
  • each first seat protrudes from the pillar and/or is defined in a housing or in a hollow interior of the pillar, and/or each second seat is defined on the lower horizontal layer or on a downwardly exposed portions of the longitudinal and/or transversal vertical ribs constitutive of the collar reinforcement configuration.
  • the present invention further proposes an embodiment according to which the engineered wood segments, constitutive of the upper and lower horizontal layers, mostly comprises fibers oriented in the longitudinal horizontal direction and in the transversal horizontal direction.
  • each horizontal structure comprises an elongated reinforced configuration in an elongated reinforced portion, which is elongated in the longitudinal or transversal direction and comprising one aligned succession of aligned vertical through holes.
  • Said elongated reinforced portions oriented in the longitudinal and in the transversal horizontal directions, interconnect a succession of collar reinforcement configurations, each elongated reinforced configuration being structurally connected to each of the succession of collar reinforcement configurations.
  • the elongated reinforced portions surround central non-reinforced portions of the horizontal structure devoid of vertical through holes.
  • the present invention also proposes that, an elongated stiffener, made of engineered wood, can be included in at least some of the elongated reinforced portions.
  • Said elongated stiffener will protrude upwards and/or downwards from the horizontal structure extending in the main longitude of the elongated reinforced portion where it is included, the elongated stiffener being rigidly and structurally connected to the horizontal structure, for example though adhesives.
  • said elongated stiffener will be an engineered wood element, preferably a horizontal element, which extends in the longitudinal or transversal direction of the elongated reinforced portion.
  • This elongated stiffener is rigidly and structurally connected, for example through adhesives, to the horizontal structure and, because it protrudes from the horizontal structure upwardly and/or downwardly, it provides a local increase in the height of the horizontal structure, increasing its bending resistance.
  • said elongated stiffener is made of engineered wood with fibers mostly oriented in a horizontal direction parallel to the main longitude of the elongated stiffener.
  • Said elongated stiffener can be interrupted by the vertical through holes or can be continuous along the entire longitude of the elongated reinforced portion, for example being one or two elongated stiffeners tangent to the vertical through holes or an elongated stiffener passing through the pillars or can be a wide elongated stiffener continuous along the entire longitude of the elongated reinforced portion with the vertical through holes passing therethrough.
  • Said elongated reinforcement configurations of the horizontal structure interconnects successive collar reinforcement configurations therethrough.
  • the elongated reinforcement configuration constitutes a virtual beam at least partially embedded in the horizontal structure.
  • the collar reinforced portions will be coincident with the intersections between two elongated reinforced portions.
  • Said elongated stiffener and/or annular stiffener can be an engineered wood board adhered to the upper and/or lower horizontal layer or can be separated from the horizontal structure at a certain vertical distance and rigidly connected thereto through interposed spacers or through interposed spacers defined by extensions of the longitudinal and/or transversal vertical ribs protruding through openings of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers. Said spacers will greatly increase the structural effect of the stiffener.
  • each pillar includes at least one first seat for each building floor, and each horizontal structure is supported on said first seats through a second seat facing at least one first seat.
  • the first seats are defined as an upward facing surface, preferably a horizontal upwards facing surface.
  • Each first seat can protrude from the pillar, for example in the form of a capital or a corbel, and/or can be defined in a housing of the pillar, such a perimeter groove, a step, a carved niche or in an horizontal through hole of the pillar, or can be defined in a hollow interior of the pillar, for example when the pillar is formed by several vertical struts separated in the horizontal direction and rigidly connected to each other through spacers, creating a hollow interior within the pillar.
  • each horizontal structure is supported on said first seats through a second seat defined on the elongated stiffener and/or on the annular stiffener described above.
  • the upper and/or lower layer is, or comprises, a continuous sheet of engineered wood, covering the entire horizontal structure, made of coplanar engineered wood boards, or several overlapped and structurally adhered layers of coplanar engineered wood boards, each engineered wood board constituting one of the engineered wood segments.
  • the upper and/or lower flanges of the flanged joist will be also adhered to said continuous sheet of engineered wood, which will act as the additional engineered wood element providing structural continuity to the intersections between flanged joists.
  • each horizontal structure can be made of several independent prefabricated horizontal structure segments laterally connected to each other in a rigid manner through complementary coupling configurations structurally adhered together, each horizontal structure segment comprising:
  • each horizontal structural segment is a portion of the horizontal structure and includes coupling configurations on its perimeter.
  • Said coupling configurations are defined in the edges of the upper and lower horizontal layers and are complementary to other coupling configurations of adjacent horizontal structure segments.
  • the horizontal structure segments can be prefabricated in advance, transported to the building side, installed in their positions together with the pillars, and adhered to each other through the coupling configurations and structural adhesive applied therein. Once the structural adhesive is hardened, the horizontal structure is complete.
  • the horizontal structure segments will be supported on provisional supports, such provisional props, which can be removed once the hardening is completed.
  • the hardening time will be between 24-48 h.
  • At least some of the horizontal structure segments will include at least one vertical through hole.
  • the horizontal structure segments with vertical through holes can be produced with a prefabricated segment of the pillar inserted and structurally attached thereto.
  • the coupling configurations may comprise lap joints, stepped lab joint, double lap joint, strap joints, stepped strap joint, scarf joint, finger joint or a combination thereof.
  • each coupling configuration being defined by one or several stepped local thickness reductions of the board segment, for example halving the thickness on each coupling configuration, or by creating two or three stepped thickness reductions on each coupling configuration, so that when both coupling configurations are overlapped, the adjacent board segments are coplanar.
  • one coupling configuration is inserted in a groove defined between two facing portions of the other coupling configuration.
  • a connector is simultaneously overlapped and structurally adhered to both adjacent board segments.
  • Said connector can be overlapped to the board segments or can be flush with a surface thereof, inserted in a thickness reduction of both adjacent board segments.
  • a stepped strap joint is similar to the strap joint, but the connector, and both adjacent board segments, having a stepped configuration.
  • the coupling configurations are tooth-shaped and interlinked and structurally adhered to each other.
  • a particular example of strap joint comprises elongated link elements made of engineered wood tightly inserted and adhered simultaneously in adjacent housings defined on edges of adjacent and coplanar upper and/or lower horizontal board segments.
  • the present invention also proposes to define a gap distance between the inner surfaces of each vertical through hole and the pillar inserted therein.
  • the gap distance can be filled with hardened adhesive, or with successive layers of hardened adhesive and shear transmission inhibitor, providing a rigidly connection between the horizontal structure and the pillar.
  • the shear transmission inhibitor is a layer of a material interposed between the hardened adhesive and the pillar or the horizontal structure through which structural compression forces can be transmitted but which prevent the adhesion of the adhesive to the pillar or to the horizontal structure, permitting a relative sliding movement between the pillar and the horizontal structure, which prevents the transmission of shear loads through the hardened adhesive.
  • the shear transmission inhibitor also prevents the transmission of traction loads and bending loads through the hardened adhesive.
  • Such shear transmission inhibitor can be, for example, a plastic film, a paint or a coating.
  • the gap distance can be an empty air gap, providing an articulated connection between the horizontal structure and the pillar.
  • the gap distance can be filled with an elastomeric material, or with successive layers of an elastomeric material (EM) and hardened adhesive, providing a dampened connection between the horizontal structure and the pillar.
  • the dampened connection can reduce the vibration transmitted to the horizontal structures in case of an earthquake, making the entire structure earthquake resistant.
  • the elastomeric material can be, for example, structural neoprene.
  • each pillar can include a plurality of parallel vertical struts made of engineered wood, rigidly connected to each other at a horizontal distance, the pillar being made of several successive pillar segments rigidly connected through complementary adhered coupling configurations providing partial overlap between the successive pillar segments.
  • the horizontal distance can be a longitudinal horizontal distance and/or a transversal horizontal distance, increasing the inertia of the pillar without increasing its mass, and providing a hollow interior.
  • the first seat of the pillar is housed within said hollow interior and the second seat of the horizontal structure is housed within the vertical through hole of the horizontal structure and penetrates in said hollow interior.
  • Said rigid lightweight material will constitute a light spacer and will reduce the number of longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs needed, especially in the central non-reinforced regions, reducing the weight of the horizontal structure, and also providing thermal and acoustic insolation between successive stories.
  • the ribs may include light-weighting apertures, reducing the weight and also allowing the passage of mechanical installations.
  • the upper and/or lower layer of the horizontal structure may also include light-weighting apertures, preferably defined between the ribs. Those light-weighting apertures, typically placed on the lower layer, reduce the weight, and allows access to the mechanical installations.
  • the light-weighting apertures decrease, in a gradual or stepped manner, with the proximity to the vertical through holes, it is to say, those light-weighting apertures are smaller and/or more spaced apart to each other the closer they are to the vertical through-holes.
  • no light-weighting apertures exist adjacent to the vertical through-holes, for example closer to 50cm from a vertical through-hole.
  • the upper and/or lower layer of the horizontal structure may include light-weighting apertures, preferably non-coincident with the longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs, to reduce the weight of the horizontal structure. Typically, those light-weighting apertures will be bigger in the central non-reinforced portion of the horizontal structure.
  • each horizontal structure comprises flanged joists made of engineered wood oriented in the longitudinal and in the transversal directions.
  • Each flanged joist comprises a central web with an upper flange and/or a lower flange attached thereto.
  • the central webs constitute said longitudinal and/or transversal vertical ribs of the horizontal structure and/or the upper and lower flanges will be an integral part of the upper and lower horizontal layers of the horizontal structure.
  • the flanged joist When the flanged joist includes both upper and lower flanges will form an i-joist (a joist with a cross-section with the shape of a capital i), but when only upper or lower flanges are attached to the central web it will form a T-joist (a joist with a cross-section with the shape of a capital T or an inverted capital T).
  • the upper and/or lower horizontal layers of the horizontal structure can include the correspondent upper or lower flanges as part thereof, in combination with the correspondent interconnected engineered wood segments forming a covering for the horizontal structure, or can be solely formed by the upper flanges or by the lower flanges, optionally further including engineered wood segments in the intersections to ensure the structural continuity in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions.
  • the central web of the flanged joist is used as spacers between the upper and lower horizontal layers of the horizontal structure, using intersecting flanged joist oriented in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions.
  • the upper flanges oriented in the longitudinal and in the transversal horizontal directions and/or the lower flanges oriented in the longitudinal and in the transversal horizontal directions are coplanar and intersecting to each other.
  • the structural continuity, in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions, of the upper and/or lower flanges in the intersections thereof can be provided by engineered wood segments structurally adhered to the upper and/or lower flanges on the intersections.
  • Said engineered wood segments can be structurally interconnected completely covering the entire surface of the horizontal structure, producing an upper or lower horizontal structure devoid of openings, completely covering the horizontal structure.
  • the engineered wood segments can be discrete engineered wood segments, located only on the intersections between upper or lower flanges oriented in the longitudinal and in the transversal horizontal directions. Said discrete engineered wood segments are only connected to the flanges but are not connected to each other leaving openings on the upper and/or lower structural element between the flanges, reducing the weight thereof. This is particularly interesting on the lower horizontal structure.
  • the structural continuity in the longitudinal horizontal direction and in the transversal horizontal direction of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers will be provided by engineered wood segments structurally adhered to the upper and/or flanges of the longitudinal and transversal flanged joists on the intersections between the upper and/or lower flanges, oriented in the longitudinal horizontal direction, and upper and/or lower flanges oriented in the transversal horizontal direction.
  • the upper and lower flanges of the flanged joists can be integrated into the upper and/or lower horizontal layers by being structurally adhered thereto, the structural strength of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers being the result of the combined structural strengths of all the adhered elements, including the upper and lower flanges.
  • the upper and/or lower horizontal layers can be integrally constituted by the upper and/or lower flanges, in combination with additional engineered wood elements overlapped and structurally adhered to the intersections between the upper flanges oriented in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions and/or to the intersections between the lower flanges oriented in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions, providing structural continuity in the longitudinal and transversal directions and rigidity to said intersections through the additional engineered wood elements.
  • one flanged joist will be continuous and will interrupt an intersecting flanged joist, preventing the structural continuity of its upper and lower flanges.
  • the additional engineered wood element or segments will be overlapped or embedded through stepped strap joints (recess staggered steps) and adhered to the interrupted upper and/or lower flanges, and also the interrupting upper and/or lower flange placed in between, providing structural continuity to the interrupted upper and/or lower flanges and a rigid linkage between the intersected flanged joists, said engineered wood elements acting as link elements.
  • stepped strap joints residual staggered steps
  • the upper flanges oriented in the longitudinal and in the transversal horizontal directions and/or the lower flanges oriented in the longitudinal and in the transversal horizontal directions are non-coplanar to each other, being overlapped and structurally adhered to each other in the intersections.
  • the upper and/or lower flanges on the flanged joists oriented in the longitudinal or in the transversal horizontal directions trespasses the central web of the orthogonal flanged joists providing structural continuity of the upper and/or lower flanges in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions.
  • the upper and lower flanges have fibers mainly oriented in the main direction of the upper and lower flange. It is also preferred that the additional engineered wood element has fibers mainly oriented in the main direction of the interrupted upper and/or lower flange adhered thereto.
  • said particular embodiment object of a potential divisional patent application would we a building structure comprising lineal horizontal supports, and one horizontal structure, made of engineered wood, for each building floor of the building structure, the horizontal structure being supported on said lineal horizontal supports.
  • the lineal horizontal supports can be, for example, walls or beams preferably extending in the longitudinal and/or transversal horizontal directions.
  • each horizontal structure will comprise longitudinal flanged joists made of engineered wood oriented in a longitudinal horizontal direction, and transversal flanged joists made of engineered wood oriented in a transversal horizontal direction, each longitudinal and transversal flanged joist comprising an upper flange, a lower flange vertically separated and rigidly connected through a central web placed in-between, the central web and the upper flanges and/or the lower flanges of the longitudinal and transversal flanged joists intersecting each other, interrupting its continuity.
  • the horizontal structure will further comprise engineered wood segments structurally adhered to the upper and lower flanges, on all the intersections between longitudinal and transversal flanged joists, providing structural continuity to the upper and lower flanges at least in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions across the entire horizontal structure, defining a continuous building floor.
  • Said engineered wood segments can be overlapped to the upper and/or lower flanges on the intersections or can be partially or completely embedded in recesses of the upper and/or lower flanges of the longitudinal and transversal flanged joists.
  • the upper and/or lower flanges are structurally adhered to the upper and/or lower horizontal layers along its longitude, in which case the upper and/or lower flanges will be an integral part of the upper and lower horizontal layers.
  • the lineal horizontal supports of successive floors of the building structure will be connected to each other, for example through pillars or vertical struts crossing the horizontal structure through vertical through holes.
  • the proposed multi-floor building structure comprises a plurality of vertical pillars 1, and one horizontal structure 5 made of engineered wood for each building floor of the building.
  • FIG. 12A A similar embodiment can be seen in the cross-section shown in Fig. 12A , where the left side of the horizontal structure includes continuous upper and lower horizontal layers with longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs housed in-between, but where the right side of the horizontal structure includes a continuous upper horizontal layer with flanged joists attached thereto, each joist including a lower flange coplanar with, and structurally attached to, the other lower flanges of the other flanged joists forming the lower horizontal layer of the horizontal structure, leaving lightening openings on the lower horizontal layer between the lower flanges.
  • the horizontal structure is non-uniform, optimizing the resistance and the weight on different regions thereof depending on the requirements, increasing the resistance of the horizontal structure 5 on proximity to the pillars 1, where loads are concentrated, and reducing weight on other regions of the horizontal structure 5.
  • Each collar reinforcement configuration may comprise a gradual or stepped increase, with the proximity to the vertical through holes 3, in the thickness and/or the load-resistance per square centimeter of successive longitudinal vertical ribs 31 and of successive transversal vertical ribs 32.
  • the increase in thickness can be obtained, for example, by laterally adhering multiple vertical ribs or by using thicker engineered wood segments in certain areas.
  • the increase in the load-resistance per square centimeter is typically obtained by using more resistant engineered wood as engineered wood segments constitutive of the vertical ribs in certain areas, or by laterally adhering additional vertical ribs of a more resistant engineered wood in certain areas, obtaining an increase in thickness and an increase in the load-resistance per square centimeter in said areas.
  • the longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs 31, 32, surrounding each vertical through hole and tangent to the pillar 1, are thicker than in other areas, said thickening extending in the longitudinal and transversal directions from the vertical through-hole in a surrounding area close to the vertical through-hole, for example less than 1 meter.
  • each collar reinforcement configuration may comprise a gradual or stepped increase, with the proximity to the vertical through holes 3, in the, the proximity between successive longitudinal vertical ribs 31 and between successive transversal vertical ribs 32.
  • the distance between longitudinal vertical ribs 31 is smaller as closer is a particular longitudinal vertical rib 31 to a longitudinal succession of vertical through holes 3 aligned in the longitudinal horizontal direction LD.
  • transversal vertical ribs 32 are smaller as closer is a particular transversal vertical rib 32 to a transversal succession of vertical through holes 3 aligned in the transversal horizontal direction TD.
  • Each collar reinforcement configuration also comprises a gradual or stepped increase, with the proximity to the vertical through holes 3, in the thickness and/or in the load-resistance per square centimeter of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers 10, 20.
  • the horizontal structure 5 is reinforced not only around the vertical through-holes, in an annular reinforced portion 50, but it can include certain elongated reinforcement configurations in at least some elongated reinforced portions 40.
  • Each elongated reinforced portion 40 will be elongated in the longitudinal or transversal horizontal directions LD, TD and will comprise one aligned succession of aligned vertical through holes 3.
  • the thickness and/or the load-resistance per square centimeter of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers 10, 20 will be bigger than the thickness and/or the load-resistance per square centimeter of the upper and/or lower horizontal layers 10, 20 in other portions of the horizontal structure 5 different to the elongated reinforced portions 40.
  • the elongated reinforcement configurations may comprise the thickness and/or the load-resistance per square centimeter of the longitudinal or transversal vertical ribs 31, 32, parallel to the main longitude of the elongated reinforced portion 40 where they are contained, being bigger than the thickness and/or the load-resistance per square centimeter of the longitudinal or transversal vertical ribs 31, 32 contained in other portions of the horizontal structure 5 different to the elongated reinforced portions 40, typically the non-reinforced central portions of the horizontal structure 5 surrounded by longitudinal and transversal reinforced portions.
  • the elongated reinforcement configuration may comprise the proximity between the longitudinal or transversal vertical ribs 31, 32, parallel to the main longitude of the elongated reinforced portion 40 where they are contained, being bigger (and therefore being closer to each other) than the proximity between the longitudinal or transversal vertical ribs 31, 32 contained in other portions of the horizontal structure 5 different to the elongated reinforced portions 40.
  • Figs. 1 , 2 and 3 show a horizontal structure where the longitudinal vertical ribs 31 extending between vertical through-holes aligned in the longitudinal direction LD, contained in the elongated reinforced portion 40, are closer than the longitudinal vertical ribs 31 not contained in the elongated reinforced portion 40.
  • the upper layer 10 has three different thicknesses.
  • the thinnest thickness is in the central non-reinforced portions of the horizontal structure 5 distant from all the vertical through holes 3, the thickest thickness is defined in the upper layer 10 comprised in collar reinforced portions 50, around each vertical through-hole, and an intermediate thickness is defined in the upper layer 10 comprised in elongated reinforced portions 40 of the horizontal structure 5.
  • Each elongated reinforced portion 40 is elongated in the longitudinal or transversal horizontal direction LD, TD and comprises one aligned succession of aligned vertical through holes 3, and each non-reinforced portion is completely surrounded by elongated reinforced portions 40 and lacks vertical through-holes.
  • Said thickness increases can be produced outwards, increasing the overall thickness of the horizontal structure 5, or inwards, maintaining the external surfaces of the horizontal structure 5 flat.
  • the intermediate thickness is approximately double than the thinnest thickness, and the thickest thickness is at least triple than the thinnest thickness.
  • the horizontal structure 5 can include longitudinal and transversal flanged joists 60, each comprising an upper flange 61, and/or a lower flange 62 and a central web 63.
  • the central web 63 acts as the longitudinal and transversal vertical ribs 31, 32 of the horizontal structure 5, and the upper and lower flanges 61, 62 constitute, or are integrated in, the upper and lower layers 10, 20 of the horizontal structure 5.
  • the left column of Fig. 13 includes three different examples of flanged joists 60, including upper flanges 61 and lower flanges 62 adhered on both sides of the central web 63, said upper and lower flanges being adhered to the upper and lower horizontal layers increasing its resistance.
  • the upper and lower flanges also define a groove which increase the adhesion surface between the central web upper and lower edges with the upper and lower horizontal layers.
  • the distance between central webs 63 of longitudinal flanged joists 60 is smaller as closer is a particular flanged joist 60 to a longitudinal succession of vertical through holes 3 aligned in the longitudinal horizontal direction LD.
  • the continuous upper and lower horizontal layer includes recesses to house the engineered wood segments adhered on the intersections between upper and lower flanges 61, 62.
  • the central webs 63 of the intersecting longitudinal and transversal flanged joists 60 can be also connected through link elements, preferably made of engineered wood, adhered to the interrupted central webs and/or to the central webs convergent on an intersection region between longitudinal and transversal flanged joists 60, as shown in Fig. 7 .
  • Said link element can connect two central web coplanar portions through a strut passing across the interposed central web or can adhere to perpendicular central webs to each other.
  • the elongated reinforced portion 40 will be a region of the horizontal structure 5 elongated in the longitudinal or transversal horizontal direction LD, TD and will comprise one aligned succession of aligned vertical through holes 3.
  • annular stiffener 51 made of engineered wood can be included. Said annular stiffener 51 will protrude upwards and/or downwards from the horizontal structure 5 surrounding the vertical through hole and will be rigidly and structurally connected to the horizontal structure 5, optionally at a certain vertical distance through interposed spacers such those described in regard to the longitudinal stiffener 41.
  • the horizontal structure 5 can be made of several independent prefabricated horizontal structure segments 6 laterally connected to each other in a rigid manner through complementary coupling configurations 70 structurally adhered together, as shown in Fig. 4 .
  • Each horizontal structure segment 6 comprises an upper horizontal layer segment 11 and a lower horizontal layer segment 21 of engineered wood facing each other, and vertically separated and rigidly connected through an array of intersected longitudinal and transversal vertical rib segments 33, 34 of engineered wood elongated in the longitudinal and transversal horizontal directions LD, TD.
  • the coupling configurations 70, connecting the horizontal structure segments 6, are placed at least in an outer perimeter of each upper and lower horizontal layer segments 11, 21, providing a partial overlap between adjacent upper and lower horizontal layer segments 11, 21.
  • longitudinal and transversal vertical rib segments 33, 34 are central webs of longitudinal and transversal flanged joist segments.
  • the horizontal structure 5 comprises several first horizontal structure segments 6, each with one vertical through hole 3 in a central region thereof, several second horizontal structure segments 6 each comprised between two first horizontal structure segments 6 and supported thereon through the coupling configurations 70, and several third horizontal structure segments 6 surrounded by, and supported between, several second horizontal structure segments 6.
  • the coupling configurations 70 of the first horizontal structure segments 6 comprises a stepped configuration in the perimeter of the lower horizontal layer segment 21, which extends in cantilever from the edge of the first horizontal structure segment 6, providing a support for the second horizontal structure segment 6, and a stepped configuration in the perimeter of the upper horizontal layer segment 11, which is retracted from the edge of the first horizontal structure segment 6.
  • the coupling configuration 70 in the second horizontal structure segments 6 is inverse, with a stepped configuration and with an upper horizontal layer segment 11 extending in cantilever on opposed ends and with a lower horizontal layer segment 21 retracted on opposed ends.
  • the coupling configurations 70 between the second and third horizontal structure segments 6 follow the same logic. According to that, the first horizontal structure segments 6 can be placed in place first, then the second horizontal structure segments 6 can be placed in between, by a downward movement, coupling the correspondent coupling configurations 70, which will be attached by structural adhesives, and later the third horizontal structure segments 6 can be placed between the second horizontal structure segments 6 by a downward movement, coupling the correspondent coupling configurations 70 by structural adhesives.
  • the coupling configurations 70 as described above, one with upwards facing exposed surfaces and the complementary coupling configuration 70 having downwards facing exposed surfaces, provide temporary support for the assembly between the horizontal structure segments while the structural adhesive hardens.
  • the end of the vertical rib segments is preferably placed between the edge of the upper horizontal layer segment 11 and the edge of the lower horizontal layer segment 21.
  • a gap distance which in this embodiment is filled with an elastomeric material EM, providing a dampened connection between the horizontal structure and the pillar.
  • the elastomeric material is inserted between the upper horizontal layer 10 and the pillar, and between the lower horizontal layer 20 and the pillar.

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Claims (15)

  1. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur umfassend Pfeiler (1) und eine horizontale Struktur (5), hergestellt aus Holzwerkstoff, für jeden Gebäudestock des Gebäudes, welcher auf den genannten Pfeilern (1) gestützt ist, wobei jede horizontale Struktur (5) vertikale Durchgangslöcher (3) zum Einführen der Pfeiler (1) durch dieselben enthält, wobei
    jede horizontale Struktur (5) eine obere horizontale Schicht (10) und eine untere horizontale Schicht (20) aus Holzwerkstoff umfasst, welche einander zugewandt sind und vertikal getrennt sind und über eine Anordnung von gekreuzten länglichen und transversalen vertikalen Rippen (31, 32) aus Holzwerkstoff, in den horizontalen Längs- und Querrichtungen (LD, TD) langgestreckt, starr verbunden sind;
    jede der oberen und der unteren horizontalen Schicht (10, 20) aus horizontalen Holzwerkstoffplatten hergestellt ist, welche strukturell aneinander angehaftet sind, sodass sie eine strukturelle Kontinuität mindestens in horizontalen den Längs- und Querrichtungen (LD, TD) über die gesamte horizontale Struktur (5) bereitstellen;
    die horizontalen Strukturen (5) eine Kragenverstärkungsausbildung in einem mit Kragen verstärkten Teil (50), welcher um mindestens einige der vertikalen Durchgangslöcher (3) herum definiert ist, enthalten;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Kragenverstärkungsausbildung Folgendes umfasst:
    eine schrittweise oder stufenweise Erhöhung, mit der Nähe zum vertikalen Durchgangsloch (3), in der Dicke und/oder im Lastwiderstand pro Quadratzentimeter der horizontalen Holzwerkstoffplatte, welche die obere und/oder die untere horizontale Schicht (10, 20) bildet, wobei die horizontale Holzwerkstoffplatte mit erhöhter Dicke und/oder erhöhtem Lastwiderstand ein vertikales Durchgangsloch auf eine strukturell kontinuierliche Weise komplett umgibt; und/oder
    eine schrittweise oder stufenweise Erhöhung, mit der Nähe zum vertikalen Durchgangsloch (3), in der Dicke, im Lastwiderstand pro Quadratzentimeter und/oder in der Nähe zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden länglichen vertikalen Rippen (31), welche den vertikalen Durchgangslöchern (3) in der horizontalen Querrichtung (TD) seitlich benachbart sind, und zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden transversalen vertikalen Rippen (32), welche dem vertikalen Durchgangsloch (3) in der horizontalen Längsrichtung (LD) seitlich benachbart sind, welche sich miteinander kreuzen, unter Bildung einer Anordnung um das vertikale Durchgangsloch herum, welche ein vertikales Durchgangsloch auf eine strukturell kontinuierliche Weise komplett umgibt.
  2. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach Anspruch 1, wobei in mindestens einigen mit Kragen verstärkten Teilen (50) die Kragenverstärkungsausbildung zusätzlich ein ringförmiges Versteifungselement (51) hergestellt aus Holzwerkstoff enthält, welches nach oben und/oder nach unten von der horizontalen Struktur (5) um das vertikale Durchgangsloch herum hervorsteht, wobei das ringförmige Versteifungselement starr und mit der horizontalen Struktur (5) strukturell verbunden ist.
  3. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei jeder Pfeiler (1) mindestens einen ersten Sitz (2) für jeden Gebäudestock enthält, und jede horizontale Struktur (5) auf den genannten ersten Sitzen (2) über mindestens einen zweiten Sitz gestützt ist, welcher in einem nach unten ausgesetzten Teil der horizontalen Struktur (5), welcher dem mindestens einen ersten Sitz (2) zugewandt ist, oder in einem nach unten ausgesetzten Teil der Kragenverstärkungsausbildung, welcher dem mindestens einen ersten Sitz (2) zugewandt ist, definiert ist.
  4. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach Anspruch 3, wobei jeder erster Sitz (2) vom Pfeiler (1) hervorsteht und/oder in einer Aufnahme oder in einem hohlen Inneren des Pfeilers (1) definiert ist, und/oder jeder zweiter Sitz auf der unteren horizontalen Schicht (20) oder auf einem nach unten ausgesetzten Teil der länglichen und/oder der transversalen vertikalen Rippe (31, 32) der horizontalen Struktur (5) definiert ist.
  5. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die horizontalen Strukturen (5) eine langgestreckte Verstärkungsausbildung in einem langgestreckten verstärkten Teil (40) enthält, welche in der horizontalen Längs- oder Querrichtung (LD, TD) langgestreckt ist und eine ausgerichtete Reihenfolge von ausgerichteten vertikalen Durchgangslöchern (3) umfasst, wobei die langgestreckten Verstärkungsausbildungen eine Reihenfolge von Kragenverstärkungsausbildungen untereinander verbindet, wobei jede langgestreckte Verstärkungsausbildung Folgendes umfasst:
    eine schrittweise oder stufenweise Erhöhung, mit der Nähe zum langgestreckten verstärkten Teil (40), in der Dicke und/oder im Lastwiderstand pro Quadratzentimeter der oberen und/oder der unteren horizontalen Schicht (10, 20); und/oder
    eine schrittweise oder stufenweise Erhöhung, mit der Nähe zum langgestreckten verstärkten Teil (40), in der Dicke und/oder im Lastwiderstand pro Quadratzentimeter, und/oder in der Nähe zwischen länglichen oder transversalen vertikalen Rippen (31, 32), in diesen länglichen oder transversalen vertikalen Rippen (31, 32) parallel zur Hauptlänge des langgestreckten verstärkten Teils (40), in welchem sie beinhaltet sind.
  6. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach Anspruch 5, wobei in mindestens einigen langgestreckten verstärkten Teilen (40) die langgestreckte Verstärkungsausbildung zusätzlich ein langgestrecktes Versteifungselement (41) hergestellt aus Holzwerkstoff enthält, welches nach oben und/oder nach unten von der horizontalen Struktur (5) entlang des langgestreckten verstärkten Teils (40) hervorsteht, wobei das langgestreckte Versteifungselement (41) starr und mit der horizontalen Struktur (5) strukturell verbunden ist.
  7. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach Anspruch 2 und/oder 6, wobei das langgestreckte Versteifungselement (41) und/oder das ringförmige Versteifungselement von der horizontalen Struktur (5) mit einem gewissen vertikalen Abstand getrennt ist/sind und über dazwischengestellte Abstandshalter oder über dazwischengestellte Abstandshalter, welche durch Erstreckungen der länglichen und/oder transversalen vertikalen Rippen (31, 32) definiert sind, welche durch Öffnungen der oberen und/oder der unteren horizontalen Schicht (10, 20) hervorstehen, damit starr verbunden ist/sind.
  8. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jede horizontale Struktur (5) geflanschte Balken (60) hergestellt aus Holzwerkstoff umfasst, welche in der horizontalen Längs- und Querrichtung (LD, TD) orientiert sind, wobei jeder einen mittleren Steg (63), welche die genannten länglichen und/oder transversalen vertikalen Rippen (31, 32) bilden, und einen oberen Flansch (61) und/oder einen unteren Flansch (62), welche am mittleren Steg (63) befestigt sind, umfasst, wobei die oberen und/oder unteren Flansche (61, 62) einen integralen Bestandteil der entsprechenden oberen und/oder unteren horizontalen Schichten (10, 20) sind.
  9. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach Anspruch 8, wobei die oberen Flansche, welche in den horizontalen Längs- und Querrichtungen (LD, TD) orientiert sind, und/oder die unteren Flansche, welche in den horizontalen Längs- und Querrichtungen (LD, TD) orientiert sind, komplanar sind und sich miteinander kreuzen, und die strukturelle Kontinuität, in der horizontalen Längs- und Querrichtungen (LD, TD), der oberen und/oder unteren Flansche (61, 62) in den Kreuzungspunkten derselben durch Holzwerkstoffsegmente bereitgestellt wird, welche an den oberen und/oder unteren Flanschen (61, 62), bei den Kreuzungspunkten, strukturell angehaftet sind, wobei die Holzwerkstoffsegmente strukturell miteinander verbunden sind, sodass die gesamte Oberfläche der horizontalen Struktur komplett abgedeckt wird; oder
    komplanar sind und sich miteinander kreuzen, und die strukturelle Kontinuität, in den horizontalen Längs- und Querrichtungen (LD, TD), der oberen und/oder unteren Flansche (61, 62) in den Kreuzungspunkten derselben, durch Holzwerkstoffsegmente bereitgestellt wird, welche an den oberen und/oder unteren Flanschen (61, 62), bei den Kreuzungspunkten, strukturell angehaftet sind, wobei die Holzwerkstoffsegmente diskrete Holzwerkstoffsegmente sind, welche sich bei den Kreuzungspunkten befinden, sodass sie Öffnungen auf dem oberen und/oder unteren Strukturelement zwischen den Flanschen lassen; oder
    nicht komplanar sind, in den Kreuzungspunkten überlappt und aneinander strukturell angehaftet, wobei die oberen und/oder unteren Flansche auf den geflanschten Balken, welche in der horizontalen Längs- oder in der horizontalen Querrichtung (LD, TD) orientiert sind, den mittleren Steg (63) der orthogonalen geflanschten Balken (60) überschreiten, unter Bereitstellung der strukturellen Kontinuität der oberen und/oder unteren Flansche (61, 62) in den horizontalen Längs- und Querrichtungen (LD, TD).
  10. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die obere und/oder untere Schicht (10, 20) eine kontinuierliche Folie aus Holzwerkstoff ist, oder umfasst, sodass die gesamte horizontale Struktur (5), hergestellt aus komplanaren Holzwerkstoffplatten, oder mehreren überlappten und strukturell angehafteten Schichten aus komplanaren Holzwerkstoffplatten, abgedeckt wird, wobei jede Holzwerkstoffplatte eine der horizontalen Holzwerkstoffplatten bildet.
  11. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jede horizontale Struktur (5) aus mehreren unabhängigen vorgefertigten horizontalen Struktursegmenten (6) hergestellt ist, welche miteinander starr über komplementäre Kopplungsausbildungen (70) seitlich verbunden sind, welche strukturell zusammen angehaftet sind, wobei jedes horizontale Struktursegment (6) Folgendes umfasst:
    ein oberes horizontales Schichtsegment (11) und ein unteres horizontales Schichtsegment (21) aus Holzwerkstoff, welche einander zugewandt sind, und vertikal getrennt sind und über eine Anordnung von gekreuzten länglichen und transversalen vertikalen Rippensegmenten (33, 34) aus Holzwerkstoff, welche in den horizontalen Längs- und Querrichtungen (LD, TD) langgestreckt sind, starr verbunden sind;
    wobei die Kopplungsausbildungen (70) mindestens in einem Außenumfang jedes oberen und unteren horizontalen Schichtsegments (11, 21) platziert sind, unter Bereitstellung einer teilweisen Überlappung zwischen benachbarten oberen und unteren horizontalen Schichtsegmenten (11, 21).
  12. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jedes vertikale Durchgangsloch einen Spaltabstand zwischen inneren Oberflächen desselben und dem darin eingeführten Pfeiler definiert, und wobei
    mindestens in einigen der vertikalen Durchgangslöcher (3), der Spaltabstand mit gehärtetem Klebstoff, oder mit aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten von gehärtetem Klebstoff und Scherungsübertragungshemmstoff gefüllt ist, unter Bereitstellung einer starren Verbindung zwischen der horizontalen Struktur und dem Pfeiler; und/oder
    mindestens in einigen der vertikalen Durchgangslöcher (3), der Spaltabstand ein leerer Luftspalt ist, unter Bereitstellung einer gelenkigen Verbindung zwischen der horizontalen Struktur und dem Pfeiler; und/oder
    mindestens in einigen der vertikalen Durchgangslöcher (3), der Spaltabstand mit einem elastomeren Material (EM), oder mit aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten eines elastomeren Materials (EM) und gehärtetem Klebstoff gefüllt ist, unter Bereitstellung einer gedämpften Verbindung zwischen der horizontalen Struktur und dem Pfeiler.
  13. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jeder Pfeiler (1):
    eine einzige vertikale Strebe aus Holzwerkstoff hergestellt aus mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden Pfeilersegmente, welche über komplementäre angehaftete Kopplungsausbildungen starr verbunden sind, unter Bereitstellung einer teilweisen Überlappung zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Pfeilersegmenten; oder
    eine Vielzahl von parallelen vertikalen Streben hergestellt aus Holzwerkstoff, welche miteinander mit einem horizontalen Abstand starr verbunden sind, wobei der Pfeiler aus mehreren aufeinanderfolgenden Pfeilersegmenten hergestellt ist, welche über komplementäre angehaftete Kopplungsausbildungen starr verbunden sind, unter Bereitstellung einer teilweisen Überlappung zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Pfeilersegmenten, ist.
  14. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei in mindestens einigen Teilen der horizontalen Struktur (5) die oberen und unteren horizontalen Schichten (10, 20) über ein starres leichtgewichtiges Material strukturell verbunden sind, ausgewählt aus Hartschaum, Holzwolle, Steinwolle, Wabenkarton oder Korkpaneel, welches ausgewählt wird, um Scherbelastungen zwischen oberen und unteren horizontalen Schichten (10, 20) zu widerstehen.
  15. Mehrstöckige Gebäudestruktur nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei:
    mindestens einige der länglichen und/oder transversalen vertikalen Rippen (31, 32) gewichtsreduzierende Öffnungen enthalten; und/oder
    die oberen und/oder unteren horizontalen Schichten (10, 20) der horizontalen Struktur (5) gewichtsreduzierende Öffnungen oder gewichtsreduzierende Öffnungen, welche zwischen den länglichen und transversalen vertikalen Rippen (31, 32) definiert sind, oder gewichtsreduzierende Öffnungen, welche sich, schrittweise oder stufenweise, mit der Nähe zu den vertikalen Durchgangslöchern (3) verringern, enthalten.
EP23711723.9A 2022-03-16 2023-03-15 Mehrstöckige gebäudestruktur Active EP4493772B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22382247.9A EP4245939A1 (de) 2022-03-16 2022-03-16 Mehrstöckige gebäudestruktur
PCT/EP2023/056550 WO2023174975A1 (en) 2022-03-16 2023-03-15 Multi-floor building structure

Publications (3)

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EP4493772A1 EP4493772A1 (de) 2025-01-22
EP4493772B1 true EP4493772B1 (de) 2025-09-17
EP4493772C0 EP4493772C0 (de) 2025-09-17

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EP22382247.9A Withdrawn EP4245939A1 (de) 2022-03-16 2022-03-16 Mehrstöckige gebäudestruktur
EP23711723.9A Active EP4493772B1 (de) 2022-03-16 2023-03-15 Mehrstöckige gebäudestruktur

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US (1) US20250171999A1 (de)
EP (2) EP4245939A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2025508285A (de)
CN (1) CN118946700A (de)
CA (1) CA3253324A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2023174975A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5031371A (en) * 1989-10-13 1991-07-16 Davister Michael D Components and connector means for a modular building structure system
WO2008070709A2 (en) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Georgia-Pacific Wood Products Llc I-beam joist having openings formed therein for mechanical access
GB2490304B (en) * 2011-03-18 2016-12-28 De Haan Ian Structual beams and methods of forming a structure
US20160348369A1 (en) 2015-05-26 2016-12-01 Fine and Small Homes LLC Modular building systems, components, and methods
ES2964354T3 (es) * 2020-06-05 2024-04-05 Phylem Structures Sl Sistema estructural de madera técnica

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4493772A1 (de) 2025-01-22
EP4245939A1 (de) 2023-09-20
US20250171999A1 (en) 2025-05-29
WO2023174975A1 (en) 2023-09-21
CA3253324A1 (en) 2023-09-21
EP4493772C0 (de) 2025-09-17
JP2025508285A (ja) 2025-03-25
CN118946700A (zh) 2024-11-12

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