EP4493614A1 - Procédé de polymérisation par voie radicalaire de thionolactides - Google Patents
Procédé de polymérisation par voie radicalaire de thionolactidesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4493614A1 EP4493614A1 EP23711489.7A EP23711489A EP4493614A1 EP 4493614 A1 EP4493614 A1 EP 4493614A1 EP 23711489 A EP23711489 A EP 23711489A EP 4493614 A1 EP4493614 A1 EP 4493614A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- group
- alkyl
- formula
- optionally substituted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/26—Polythioesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F218/10—Vinyl esters of monocarboxylic acids containing three or more carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/06—Oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/50—Partial depolymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
- C08F2438/03—Use of a di- or tri-thiocarbonylthio compound, e.g. di- or tri-thioester, di- or tri-thiocarbamate, or a xanthate as chain transfer agent, e.g . Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer [RAFT] or Macromolecular Design via Interchange of Xanthates [MADIX]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
- C08F2810/10—Chemical modification of a polymer including a reactive processing step which leads, inter alia, to morphological and/or rheological modifications, e.g. visbreaking
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing copolymers, preferably degradable or biodegradable, from thionolactides.
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing copolymers, preferably degradable, by ring-opening radical polymerization using in particular at least one thionolactide type monomer, to copolymers, preferably degradable, obtained by implementation of this process, to the use of said thionolactide type monomer as a precursor monomer in a radical polymerization, as well as to specific thionolactides.
- the majority of synthetic polymers are currently synthesized by radical polymerization of vinyl monomers such as, for example, ethylene, methyl methacrylate, styrene, and vinyl acetate. Radical synthesis processes have the advantage of tolerating a wide range of functionalities, thus allowing the synthesis of numerous materials.
- the application of controlled radical polymerization techniques developed towards the end of the 20th century, also allows the synthesis of polymers and copolymers of complex architecture, for example block, gradient or star copolymers, with control of the average molar mass of the polymer as well as the molar mass distribution.
- a cyclic comonomer which polymerizes by radical ring-opening polymerization (RROP).
- RROP radical ring-opening polymerization
- These monomers are mainly of two types: vinyl and exo-methylene.
- the cyclic comonomer of vinyl or exo-methylene type carries a degradable functionality, this can then be incorporated into the backbone of the polymer, making it itself degradable.
- ketene acetals copolymerize easily with vinyl esters and vinyl ethers but more difficult with styrenic monomers, (meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylamides. Furthermore, they are difficult to synthesize and are often obtained in fairly low yields.
- Other monomers of the exo-methylene type such as cyclic allylic sulfides (e.g. 2-methyl-7-methylene-1,5-dithiacyclooctane) have also been described.
- DOT dibenzo[c,e]oxepane-5-thione
- thionolactones such as y-phenyl-y-butyrolactone and 4-thionophthalide
- y-phenyl-y-butyrolactone and 4-thionophthalide have been tested in copolymerization with different monomers and found to be inert [Bingham et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 55], Finally, Ivanchenko et al. [Polymer Chemistry, 2021, 12, 1931 -1938] described the use of thionocaprolactone which proved to be inert with respect to n-butylacrylate.
- the inventors have developed a radical polymerization process by ring opening making it possible to achieve these goals, said process notably offering a wide range of reactivity.
- the present invention therefore has as its first object a process for preparing at least one copolymer, preferably degradable, said process comprising at least one step of radical polymerization by ring opening of at least one cyclic monomer with at least one monomer comprising ethylenic unsaturation, in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, said process being characterized in that:
- the cyclic monomer is chosen from the thionolactides of formula (I) below: in which :
- - X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 independently of each other, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a group chosen from an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, an optionally substituted phenyl radical , a cyano group (CN), an optionally substituted alkyl-phenyl radical, an optionally substituted haloalkyl-phenyl radical, a carboxylic acid radical (COOH), an ester radical CO2R 5 with R 5 representing an alkyl radical, a phosphonic acid radical ( PO(OH)2), an ester radical of the phosphonic acid P(O)(OR 6a )(OR 6b ) with R 6a representing a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, and R 6b representing an alkyl radical, a sulfonic acid radical (SO3H), an ester radical of sulfonic acid SO3R 7 with R 7 representing an alkyl radical or a haloalky
- the monomer comprising ethylenic unsaturation is chosen from the monomers of formula (II) below: in which :
- - R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom
- - R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom;
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom, or a group chosen from the following groups:
- R 13 and R 14 identical or different, represent an atom d hydrogen, an alkyl radical, an optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical, an optionally substituted aryl radical, a glycidyl group, or R 13 and R 14 together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms of the group of formula (III) to which they are linked, form a heterocarbon cycle comprising 4 to 7 carbon atoms (including the carbon atom carrying the oxygen atom),
- R 15 representing an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, an optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical, an optionally substituted aryl radical
- R 16 representing an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, an optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical, an optionally substituted aryl radical
- R 18 representing an alkyl radical or a haloalkyl radical
- R 19a and R 19b independently of each other, representing a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, or together forming an alkyl radical.
- the ring opening of the cyclic monomer (I) makes it possible to form within the copolymer units comprising thioester bonds, and ester bonds when X is an oxygen atom. Furthermore, a fraction of the cyclic monomer (I) can also react by radical polymerization with the monomer (II) without ring opening.
- the copolymer thus obtained then comprises, in addition to monomer units (I) with thioester bonds, and ester bonds when X is an oxygen atom, cyclic monomer units (I) having orthodithioester bonds and/or bonds thioacetal.
- the degradability of the copolymer is therefore provided by the presence of thioester bonds, and possibly orthodithioester and/or thioacetal bonds, following the incorporation of the monomers of formula (I) into the backbone of the copolymer.
- the length of the fragments obtained is inversely proportional to the quantity of monomers of formula (I) integrated into the backbone of the polymer.
- the chemical groups at the ends of the fragments obtained are functional and reactive.
- the thionolactide monomers of formula (I) used in the radical copolymerization reaction according to the process according to the invention are easily synthesized according to conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art from non-sulfur precursors. such as commercially available a-hydroxy acids, to form lactides which upon thionation give thiolactides.
- the monomers (I) have the ability to react both with activated monomers such as styrene, its derivatives, or acrylates and with non-activated monomers such as vinyl esters.
- the monomers of formula (II) are for the most part commercially available.
- the term degradable polymer means a polymer whose skeleton comprises bonds which can be easily broken, in particular by chemical hydrolysis, by aminolysis, or enzymatic digestion, to lead to molecules of smaller size and possibly less polluting.
- said bonds are in particular thioester bonds, and possibly orthodithioester and/or thioacetal bonds.
- X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and preferably an oxygen atom.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 independently of each other, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a group chosen from an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, an optionally substituted phenyl radical, a cyano group (CN), an optionally substituted alkyl-phenyl radical, an optionally substituted haloalkyl-phenyl radical, a carboxylic acid radical (COOH), an ester radical CO2R 5 with R 5 representing an alkyl radical, a phosphonic acid radical (PO (OH)2), an ester radical of phosphonic acid P(O)(OR 6a R 6b )2 with R 6a representing a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, and R 6b representing an alkyl radical, an acid radical sulphonic acid (SO3H), an ester radical of sulphonic acid SO3R 7 with R
- the halogen atom as the group R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and/or R 4 is preferably a fluorine atom.
- the alkyl radical as the group R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and/or R 4 may be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl radical is advantageously a methyl or ethyl group.
- haloalkyl means an alkyl radical comprising one or more halogen atoms, preferably chosen from chlorine and fluorine atoms.
- the haloalkyl radical as the group R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and/or R 4 may be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- a haloalkyl radical is advantageously a trifluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, or chloroethyl group.
- the term "optionally substituted phenyl” means that the phenyl radical as the group R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and/or R 4 may be substituted by one or more substituents such as halogen atoms. , preferably chosen from chlorine and fluorine atoms, alkyl groups, and haloalkyl groups.
- the haloalkyl group as a substituent of the phenyl radical preferably comprises 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is advantageously a trifluoromethyl group.
- the alkyl group as a substituent of the phenyl radical preferably comprises 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It is advantageously a methyl group.
- the phenyl radical substituted by one or more halogen atoms is preferably a pentafluorinated phenyl radical -CeFs.
- An alkyl-phenyl radical optionally substituted as the group R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and/or R 4 is a radical comprising at least one alkyl radical and at least one optionally substituted phenyl radical which are linked directly by a covalent bond carbon (from the optionally substituted phenyl radical)-carbon (from the alkyl radical), the optionally substituted phenyl and alkyl radicals being as defined previously for the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 .
- the alkyl radical is directly connected via a carbon atom to the thionolactide.
- An optionally substituted alkyl-phenyl radical is advantageously a benzyl or pentafluorobenzyl radical.
- a haloalkyl-phenyl radical optionally substituted as the group R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and/or R 4 is a radical comprising at least one haloalkyl radical and at least one optionally substituted phenyl radical which are linked directly by a covalent bond carbon (from the optionally substituted phenyl radical)-carbon (from the halogenoalkyl radical), the optionally substituted phenyl and halogenoalkyl radicals being as defined previously for the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 .
- the haloalkyl radical is directly connected via a carbon atom to the thionolactide.
- the alkyl radical as the group R 5 can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl radical is advantageously a methyl or ethyl group.
- the alkyl radical as the group R 6a or R 6b can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 atoms carbon, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl radical is advantageously a methyl or ethyl group.
- the alkyl radical as the R 7 group can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl radical is advantageously a methyl or ethyl group.
- the haloalkyl radical as the R 7 group can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- a haloalkyl radical is advantageously a trifluoromethyl group.
- the alkyl radical as the group R 8a or R 8b can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl radical is advantageously a methyl or ethyl group.
- the modulation of the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups of thionolactide (I) makes it possible to increase its reactivity with respect to non-activated monomers (II), such as for example monomers of the vinyl ester type or with respect to activated monomers (II) such as for example acrylates, acrylamides, styrene type monomers etc.
- non-activated monomers such as for example monomers of the vinyl ester type or with respect to activated monomers (II) such as for example acrylates, acrylamides, styrene type monomers etc.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 independently of each other, preferably represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a group chosen from an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, a phenyl radical optionally substituted, an optionally substituted alkyl-phenyl radical, and an optionally substituted haloalkyl-phenyl radical, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, and an optionally substituted phenyl radical .
- a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, and an optionally substituted phenyl radical preferably represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a group chosen from an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, a phenyl radical optionally substituted, an optionally substituted alkyl-phenyl
- R 2 H, CH 3 , C 6 H 5 , CF 3I C 6 F 5 , C 6 H 4 -CF 3 , F, CH 2 F, CH 2 CI, or C 2 H 4 -CI,
- R 3 H or CH 3
- R 4 H, CH 3 , C 6 H 5 , CF 3I C 6 F 5 , C 6 H 4 -CF 3I F, CH 2 F, CH 2 CI, or C 2 H 4 -CI.
- the thionolactide of formula (I) is advantageously chosen from the following thionolactides:
- R 1 and R 3 are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- Thionolactides (i) and (ii) promote copolymerization with activated monomers (II).
- Thionolactides (iii) promote copolymerization with non-activated monomers (II).
- all of the groups R 1 and R 2 are identical to all of the groups R 3 and R 4 . This leads to a “symmetrical” thionolactide (I) which is easier to prepare.
- the thionolactides of formula (I) are advantageously chosen from the thionolactides of formulas (1-1) to (1-13) presented in the following Table 1:
- the monomers (II) R 9 preferably represents a hydrogen atom.
- R 10 preferably represents a hydrogen atom.
- R 11 preferably represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical.
- the alkyl radical as the R 11 group can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl radical is advantageously a methyl group.
- the alkyl radical as the R 12 group can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may contain from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, said alkyl radical optionally being substituted by a hydroxyl radical.
- alkyl radicals as the R 12 group, mention may be made of the methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso- pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, hexyl, n-octyl, iso- octyl, 2-ethyl-1 -hexyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, neodecanyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, behenyl, or cyclohexylmethyl, and preferably the methyl or hexyl radical.
- the haloalkyl radical as the R 12 group can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the aryl radical as the R 12 group may be a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, optionally substituted by an alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyl radical comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- an aryl radical as a group R 12 mention may in particular be made of the phenyl, trityl, naphthalenyl, anthracenyl and pyrenyl radicals.
- the phenyl radical is particularly preferred.
- the alkyl-aryl radical optionally substituted as the group R 12 is a radical comprising at least one alkyl radical and at least one optionally substituted aryl radical which are linked directly by a carbon (of the optionally substituted aryl radical)-carbon (of the optionally substituted) covalent bond.
- alkyl radical the optionally substituted aryl and alkyl radicals being as defined previously for the group R 12 .
- the alkyl radical is directly connected via a carbon atom to the ethylenic function (double bond) of the monomer (II).
- An optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical is advantageously a benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, or pentafluorobenzyl radical.
- the alkyl substituent of the alkylimidazolium radical as the group R 12 preferably comprises from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the alkylimidazolium radical as the R 12 group preferably comprises a counterion chosen from Br, BF4, and PFe'.
- the alkyl radical as the group R 13 and/or R 14 can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear.
- the alkyl radical may contain from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- alkyl radicals such as the R 13 and/or R 14 group
- the aryl radical as a group R 13 and/or R 14 may be a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, optionally substituted by an alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyl radical comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. carbon.
- an aryl radical as a group R 13 and/or R 14 , mention may in particular be made of the phenyl, trityl, naphthalenyl, anthracenyl and pyrenyl radicals. Among such radicals, the phenyl radical is particularly preferred.
- the alkyl-aryl radical optionally substituted as the group R 13 and/or R 14 is a radical comprising at least one alkyl radical and at least one optionally substituted aryl radical which are linked directly by a covalent carbon bond (of the optionally substituted aryl radical )-carbon (of the alkyl radical), the optionally substituted aryl and alkyl radicals being as defined previously for the groups R 13 and R 14 .
- the alkyl radical is directly connected via a carbon atom to the nitrogen atom of formula (III) for R 13 and to the carboxyl function of formula (III) for R 14 .
- An optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical is advantageously a benzyl or pentafluorobenzyl radical.
- R 13 and R 14 together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms of the group of formula (III) to which they are linked, form a heterocarbon ring, this can in particular be a pyrrolidone, piperidone, or caprolactam ring.
- R 13 and R 14 identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, or R 13 and R 14 together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms of the group of formula (III) to which they are linked, form a heterocarbon ring comprising 4 to 7 carbon atoms (including the carbon atom carrying the oxygen atom).
- R 13 and R 14 are identical and represent a methyl radical or form, together with the atoms nitrogen and carbon of the group of formula (III) to which they are linked, a pyrrolidone or caprolactam ring.
- the alkyl radical as the group R 15 can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear and non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may contain from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- alkyl radicals as the R 15 group mention may be made of the methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso- pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, hexyl, n-octyl, iso-octyl, 2-ethyl-1-hexyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, neo-decanyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, behenyl, cyclohexylmethyl, adamantyl, and cyclohexyl.
- the aryl radical as the group R 15 may be a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, optionally substituted by an alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyl radical comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- an aryl radical as a group R 15 mention may in particular be made of the phenyl, trityl, naphthalenyl, anthracenyl and pyrenyl radicals.
- the phenyl radical is particularly preferred.
- the alkyl-aryl radical optionally substituted as the group R 15 is a radical comprising at least one alkyl radical and at least one optionally substituted aryl radical which are linked directly by a carbon (of the optionally substituted aryl radical)-carbon (of the optionally substituted) covalent bond.
- alkyl radical the optionally substituted aryl and alkyl radicals being as defined previously for the group R 15 .
- the alkyl radical is directly connected via a carbon atom to the carbon atom of the ester function.
- An optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical is advantageously a benzyl or pentafluorobenzyl radical.
- the haloalkyl radical as the group R 15 can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 15 preferably represents an alkyl or haloalkyl radical, and particularly preferably an alkyl radical such as a methyl or t-butyl radical.
- the alkyl radical as the group R 16 can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear and non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may contain from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- alkyl radicals as the R 16 group mention may be made of the methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso- pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, hexyl, n-octyl, iso-octyl, 2-ethyl-1-hexyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, neo-decanyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, behenyl, isobornyl, cyclohexylmethyl, adamantyl, and cyclohexyl.
- the aryl radical as the group R 16 may be a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, optionally substituted by an alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyl radical comprising from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- an aryl radical as a group R 16 mention may in particular be made of the phenyl, trityl, naphthalenyl, anthracenyl and pyrenyl radicals.
- the phenyl radical is particularly preferred.
- the alkyl-aryl radical optionally substituted as the group R 16 is a radical comprising at least one alkyl radical and at least one optionally substituted aryl radical which are linked directly by a carbon (of the optionally substituted aryl radical)-carbon (of the optionally substituted) covalent bond.
- alkyl radical the optionally substituted aryl and alkyl radicals being as defined previously for the group R 16 .
- the alkyl radical is directly connected via a carbon atom to the carbon atom of the ester function.
- An optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical is advantageously a benzyl or pentafluorobenzyl radical.
- the haloalkyl radical as the group R 16 can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 16 preferably represents an alkyl radical, and particularly preferably a methyl or t-butyl radical.
- the alkyl radical as the group R 17a or R 17b can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl radical is advantageously a methyl or ethyl group.
- the alkyl radical as the R 18 group can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl radical is advantageously a methyl or ethyl group.
- the haloalkyl radical as the R 18 group can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the haloalkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- a haloalkyl radical is advantageously a trifluoromethyl group.
- the alkyl radical as the group R 19a or R 19b can be linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical is preferably linear non-cyclic.
- the alkyl radical may comprise from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl radical is advantageously a methyl or ethyl group.
- the monomer of formula (II) is chosen from:
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical as defined in the invention
- R 12 represents an alkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl radical as defined in the invention
- N-vinyl type monomers represented by the following formula (111-1): in which R 13 and R 14 are as defined in the invention,
- vinyl acetate and vinyl pivalate are particularly preferred.
- N-vinyl monomers such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide and N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide, as well as N-vinyl monomers.
- cyclic (when R 13 and R 14 form a heterocarbon ring together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms of the group of formula (111-1) to which they are linked) such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpiperidone, and N-vinylcaprolactam.
- N-vinylacetamide and N-vinylpyrrolidone are particularly preferred.
- methyl acrylate n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate. , tert-butyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate or adamantyl methacrylate.
- the proportion of monomers of formula (I) is preferably chosen such that the monomer(s) of formula (I) represent at most 50% by number relative to the total number of monomers of formula (I).
- formulas (I) and (II) the monomer(s) of formula (I) represent approximately 5 to 30% by number, and even more preferably approximately 10 to 20% by number, relative to the total number of monomers of formula ( I) and (II).
- the proportion of monomers of formula (I) is less than 5% by number, the rate of degradability of the polymer is low, which is of little interest compared to non-degradable polymers.
- the proportion of monomers of formula (I) is greater than 30% in number, the process of radical polymerization by ring opening is altered, in particular slowed down.
- radical polymerization initiator means a chemical species capable of forming free radicals, that is to say radicals having one or more unpaired electrons on their outer layer.
- the radical polymerization initiator is preferably chosen from organic peroxides and hydroperoxides, azo derivatives, and redox-generating pairs that generate radicals (redox systems).
- organic peroxides and hydroperoxides mention may in particular be made of dilauroyl peroxide (LPO), t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, t-butyl peroxyoctoate, t-butyl peroxydodecanoate, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, t-butyl, t-amyl peroxypyvalate, t-butyl peroxypyvalate, di-isopropyl peroxydicarbonate, dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, dicumyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, potassium peroxydisulfate, sodium peroxydisulfate, ammonium peroxydisulfate, cumene hydroperoxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide.
- LPO and t-butyl hydroperoxide are particularly preferred.
- azo derivatives mention may in particular be made of 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) or AIBN, 2,2'-azobis(2-cyano-2-butane), dimethyl-2,2'-azobisdimethylisobutyrate, 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanopentanoic acid), 1,1'-azobis- (cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2-(t-butylazo)-2-cyanopropane, 2,2'-azobis-[2- methyl-N(1,1)-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]propanamide, 2,2'-azobis-[2-methyl-N-hydroxyethyl]-propanamide, 2,2'-azobis-dihydrochloride (N,N'-dimethyleneisobutyramidine), 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis-(N,N'-dimethyleneisobutyramine), 2,2
- the redox systems are for example chosen from systems comprising combinations such as:
- ammonium persulfate and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide and ascorbic acid are particularly preferred.
- UV ultraviolet
- visible range a photochemical initiator
- the initiators that can be used in UV we can notably cite 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, the benzophenone/amine or benzophenone/alcohol couples.
- the initiators that can be used in the visible we can mention thioxanthones.
- certain RAFT control agents such as xanthate or trithiocarbonate which are also good photochemical initiators in the UV and visible range.
- the quantity of radical polymerization initiator to be used according to the process according to the present invention is generally determined so that the quantity of radicals generated is at most approximately 5 mol% relative to the total quantity of monomers of formulas (I) and (II), and preferably of at most approximately 1 mol%.
- the step of radical polymerization by ring opening of the monomers of formulas (I) and (II) can be carried out in mass (without solvent) or in solution in a solvent, in particular chosen in such a way that the reaction medium remains homogeneous. throughout the duration of the polymerization reaction.
- the solvent is organic but it is not excluded to use an aqueous solvent such as water or a mixture of water and a co-solvent if the solubility of the monomer(s) justifies it.
- the polymerization of the monomers of formulas (I) and (II) can also be carried out in a heterogeneous medium, the polymer formed being insoluble in the reaction medium. Polymerization can also be carried out by precipitation, or in dispersion, emulsion or suspension.
- reaction medium water, hydroalcoholic mixtures or organic solvents are used as the reaction medium.
- Organic solvents are preferred.
- the total quantity of polymerizable material in the reaction medium can be 100% when the polymerization is carried out in mass, that is to say without solvent.
- this total quantity can vary from approximately 10% to 90% by mass relative to the total mass of the reaction medium, preferably from approximately 20 to 80% by mass, and even more preferably from 30%. approximately 60% relative to the total mass of the reaction medium.
- the polymerization step of the process according to the invention can be carried out at a temperature ranging from approximately 5 to 150°C, depending on the nature of the monomers of formulas (I) and (II) used during the reaction. According to a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the polymerization step is carried out at a temperature ranging from approximately 20 to 130°C, and even more preferably ranging from approximately 40 to 110°C.
- the duration of the polymerization step generally varies from approximately 1 to 12 hours, and even more preferably from approximately 2 to 8 hours.
- the polymerization step is preferably carried out only in the presence of the monomers of formulas (I) and (II) and a radical polymerization initiator, that is to say without a polymerization agent. polymerization.
- a radical polymerization initiator that is to say without a polymerization agent.
- a polymerization control agent thus allowing access to copolymers, preferably degradable. , block, composition gradient, comb, star grafted or even hyperbranched.
- we know different controlled radical polymerization processes making it possible to obtain polymers with controlled architecture and mass. These processes are defined according to the chemical nature of the control agents involved.
- the present invention may involve a control agent for radical polymerization technologies controlled by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), particularly in the presence of xanthates.
- RAFT reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer
- MADIX Macromolecular Design by Interchange of Xanthates
- ATRP atom transfer polymerization
- ITP iodine transfer polymerization
- RCTP atom transfer polymerization
- ITP iodine transfer polymerization
- RCTP atom transfer polymerization
- ITP iodine transfer polymerization
- RCTP atom transfer polymerization
- ITP iodine transfer polymerization
- RCTP atom transfer polymerization
- ITP iodine transfer polymerization
- RCTP atom transfer polymerization
- ITP iodine transfer polymerization
- RCTP atom transfer polymerization
- ITP iodine transfer polymerization
- RCTP
- the process of the invention thus makes it possible to produce a copolymer having at least thioester bonds which are easily degradable.
- a fraction of the cyclic monomer (I) can also be consumed during polymerization without the cycle opening taking place.
- the copolymer thus obtained then comprises, in addition to thioester bonds by ring opening, cyclic monomer (I) units having orthodithioester and/or thioacetal bonds.
- the degradable copolymers obtained by implementing the process according to the present invention are new in themselves and as such constitute the second object of the invention.
- the present invention therefore also has as a second object, a copolymer, preferably degradable, said copolymer being characterized in that it comprises at least thioester bonds, and that it results from radical polymerization by ring opening:
- - X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 independently of each other, represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a group chosen from an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, an optionally substituted phenyl radical , a cyano group (CN), an optionally substituted alkyl-phenyl radical, an optionally substituted haloalkyl-phenyl radical, a carboxylic acid radical (COOH), an ester radical CO2R 5 with R 5 representing an alkyl radical, a phosphonic acid radical ( PO(OH)2), an ester radical of the phosphonic acid P(O)(OR 6a )(OR 6b ) with R 6a representing a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, and R 6b representing an alkyl radical, a sulfonic acid radical (SO3H), an ester radical of sulfonic acid SO3R 7 with R 7 representing an alkyl radical or a haloalky
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom
- R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom;
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom, or a group chosen from the following groups:
- R 13 and R 14 identical or different, represent an atom d hydrogen, an alkyl radical, an optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical, an optionally substituted aryl radical, a group glycidyl, or R 13 and R 14 together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms of the group of formula (III) to which they are linked, form a heterocarbon ring comprising from 4 to 7 carbon atoms (including the atom of carbon carrying the oxygen atom),
- R 15 representing an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, an optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical, an optionally substituted aryl radical,
- R 16 representing an alkyl radical, a haloalkyl radical, an optionally substituted alkyl-aryl radical, an optionally substituted aryl radical,
- R 18 representing an alkyl radical or a haloalkyl radical
- R 19a and R 19b independently of each other, representing a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, or together forming an alkyl radical, in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator.
- said copolymer results from the polymerization of thionolactide (1-1) and vinyl acetate, styrene, tert-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate , or vinyl pivalate.
- the copolymer preferably degradable, is a random copolymer.
- the copolymer preferably degradable, preferably has a number average molar mass of approximately 2000 to 200,000 g/mol, and even more preferably of approximately 5000 to 100,000 g/mol.
- the polymolecularity index of the polymer, preferably degradable, according to the invention preferably varies from 1.2 to 4, and even more preferably from 1.4 to 3.
- the level of thioester bonds in the main chain of the degradable copolymer according to the invention is preferably at least 2% by number, preferably from 2 to 20% by number, and even more preferably from 5 to 15% by number, compared to the total number of links in the main chain.
- the copolymer may further comprise orthodithioester and/or thioacetal bonds which are also degradable.
- main chain of the copolymer is meant the longest sequence of bonds, that is to say without including the bonds of the lateral substituents.
- the copolymers conforming to the present invention can be useful in any type of industry.
- copolymers of the invention which have only low or no degradability, these could also be useful in the medical field, in particular for dental fillings, or any type of field for which it is desired to reduce the associated shrinkage. to polymerization.
- the third object of the invention is also the use of at least one thionolactide corresponding to formula (I) as defined in the first object of the invention as a precursor monomer in a radical polymerization.
- Radical polymerization is as defined in the first subject of the invention.
- the fourth object of the invention is thus a thionolactide for the implementation of a process as defined in the first object of the invention, said thiolactide corresponding to the following formula (I'): in which :
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are as defined in the first object of the invention
- the thionolactide of formula (I') is chosen from the thionolactides of formulas (I-3) to (1-14) as described in the invention.
- lactide precursors of thionolactides of formula (I) or (I') as described in the invention can be obtained by dimerization of corresponding alpha-hydroxy acids or, in the case of compounds (1-13) and (1-14 ), by reaction of alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid with chloroacetyl chloride or chloropropyl.
- the single or double thionation of lactides can be carried out in the presence of P4S10 and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO).
- Figure 1 illustrates the chemical degradation of a CP2 polymer according to the invention.
- Figure 2 illustrates the chemical degradation of a CP6 polymer according to the invention.
- Figure 3 illustrates the crystal structure of compound (1-13) used in a process according to the invention.
- Figure 4 illustrates the chemical degradation of a CP8 polymer according to the invention.
- Figure 5 illustrates the crystal structure of the compound (1-14) used in a process according to the invention.
- Figure 6 illustrates the chemical degradation of a CP10 polymer according to the invention.
- Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear in the light of the description of examples presented below to which the invention is however not limited.
- the size exclusion chromatography analyzes were carried out with an installation equipped with two Shodex columns (KF-805 + KF-804 + KF-802.5, a refractometric detector and a light scattering detector, for analysis in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 35°C and a flow rate of 1 ml/min.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Example 1 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP1 based on styrene and thionolactide of formula (1-1) according to the process of the invention
- the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography (eluent cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 8/2).
- the thionolactide was recrystallized four times to obtain crystals with a yield of 33% (1.8 g).
- the crystals obtained were sublimated before their use in the polymerization at 60° C. and at a pressure of 10'2 mbar.
- the conversion to monomer was 58% for thionolactide (1-1) and 82% for styrene.
- Example 2 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP2 based on tert-butyl acrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-1) according to the process of the invention
- the polymerization was stopped by rapid cooling. After opening the tube, part of the solution was transferred to an NMR tube to determine the conversion of thionolactide (1-1) after 5 hours of reaction.
- the conversion to monomer determined by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), as explained in Example 1, was 34% for thionolactide (1-1) and 33% for tert-acrylate. butyl.
- the residual monomers were evaporated and the number average molar mass (Mn), as well as the polymolecularity index (Mw/Mn) of the poly(tert-butyl acrylate-co-thionolactide) copolymer CP2 were measured by chromatography.
- steric exclusion eluent: THF
- Mn 8000 g/mol
- Mw/Mn 1.7.
- Example 3 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP3 based on methyl methacrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-1) according to the process of the invention
- the conversion to monomer was 10% for thionolactide (1-1) and 64% for methyl methacrylate.
- the residual monomers were evaporated and the number average molar mass (Mn), as well as the polymolecularity index (Mw/Mn) of the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-thionolactide) copolymer CP3 were measured by size exclusion chromatography.
- Example 4 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP4 based on vinyl pivalate and thionolactide of formula (1-1) according to the process of the invention
- the conversion to monomer was 100% for thionolactide (1-1) and 64% for vinyl pivalate.
- the residual monomers were evaporated and the number average molar mass (Mn), as well as the polymolecularity index (Mw/Mn) of the poly(vinyl pivalate-co-thionolactide) copolymer CP4 were measured by size exclusion chromatography.
- Example 5 Chemical degradation of a deqradable copolymer CP2 based on tert-butyl acrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-1)
- An i.e. difference between the refractive index of the sample analyzed and that of the solvent
- Example 6 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP5 based on n-butyl acrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-1) according to the process of the invention
- thionolactide (1-1) obtained in Example 1, 0.504 g (3, 9 mmol) of n-butyl acrylate, and 10 mg of naphthalene as internal standard, to form a solution.
- Thionolactide (monomer of formula (1-1)) represents 10% (in mole) relative to n-butyl acrylate (monomer of formula (II)).
- the solution was transferred to a Carius tube which was vacuum sealed after three degassing cycles. The tube was then placed in an oil bath at 70°C for 3 hours. The polymerization was stopped by rapid cooling. After opening the tube, a portion of the solution was transferred to an NMR tube to determine the conversion of thionolactide (1-1).
- the conversion to monomer was 41% for thionolactide (1-1) and 87% for n- acrylate. butyl.
- the residual monomers were evaporated and the number average molar mass (Mn), as well as the polymolecularity index (Mw/Mn) of the poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-thionolactide) copolymer CP5 were measured by chromatography.
- steric exclusion eluent: THF
- Mn 98000 g/mol
- Mw/Mn 1.7.
- Example 7 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP6 based on tert-butyl acrylate and dithionolactide of formula (I-2) according to the process of the invention
- Second step synthesis of the degradable copolymer CP6 based on tert-butyl acrylate and dithionolactide of formula (I-2) according to the process of the invention
- dithionolactide (I-2) 5.3 mg (0.022 mmol) of azobis(cyanocyclohexane) (VAZO-88), 0.04 g (0.22 mmol) of dithionolactide (I-2) obtained in example 7.1, 0.552 g ( 4.3 mmol) of tert-butyl acrylate, and 10 mg of naphthalene as internal standard, to form a solution.
- Dithionolactide (monomer of formula (I-2)) represents 5% (in mole) relative to tert-butyl acrylate (monomer of formula (II)).
- the solution was transferred to a Carius tube which was vacuum sealed after three degassing cycles. The tube was then placed in an oil bath at 100°C for 5 hours. The polymerization was stopped by rapid cooling. After opening the tube, part of the solution was transferred to an NMR tube to determine the conversion of dithionolactide (I-2) after 5 hours of reaction
- the conversion to monomer determined by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1H NMR) was 100% for dithionolactide (I-2) and 98% for tert-butyl acrylate.
- Example 8 Chemical degradation of a deqradable copolymer CP6 based on tert-butyl acrylate and dithionolactide of formula (1-2)
- Example 9 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP7 based on methyl methacrylate and dithionolactide of formula (I-2) according to the process of the invention.
- dithionolactide (I-2) 5.5 mg (0.023 mmol) of azobis (cyanocyclohexane) (VAZO-88), 0.04 g (0.23 mmol) of dithionolactide (I-2) obtained in example 7.1, 0.43 were mixed. g (4.3 mmol) of methyl methacrylate, and 10 mg of naphthalene as internal standard, to form a solution.
- Dithionolactide (monomer of formula (I-2)) represents 5% (in mole) relative to methyl methacrylate (monomer of formula (II)).
- the solution was transferred to a Carius tube which was vacuum sealed after three degassing cycles. The tube was then placed in an oil bath at 100°C for 5 hours. The polymerization was stopped by rapid cooling. After opening the tube, part of the solution was transferred to an NMR tube to determine the conversion of dithionolactide (I-2) after 5 hours of reaction.
- the conversion to monomer determined by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), as explained in Example 7.2, was 20% for dithionolactide (I-2) and 80% for methyl methacrylate.
- the residual monomers were evaporated and the number average molar mass (Mn), as well as the polymolecularity index (Mw/Mn) of the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-dithionolactide) copolymer CP7 were measured by size exclusion chromatography.
- Example 11 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP8 based on tert-butyl acrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-13) according to the process of the invention
- the product was purified a first time by column chromatography (eluent dichloromethane), then the collected fractions were purified again by column chromatography (50 g of silica gel, eluent: ethyl ether 30% / petroleum ether 70% ) to obtain a yield of 20% (1.8 g).
- Figure 3 illustrates the crystal structure of thionolactide (1-13).
- the conversion to monomer determined by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1H NMR) was 44% for thionolactide (1-13) and 82% for tert-butyl acrylate.
- the residual monomers were evaporated and the number average molar mass (Mn), as well as the polymolecularity index (Mw/Mn) of the poly(tert-butyl acrylate-co-thionolactide) copolymer CP8 were measured by chromatography.
- steric exclusion eluent: THF
- Mn 13800 g/mol
- Mw/Mn 2.4.
- Example 12 Chemical degradation of a deqradable copolymer CP8 based on tert-butyl acrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-13)
- Example 13 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP9 based on methyl methacrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-13) according to the process of the invention
- the conversion to monomer determined by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), as explained in Example 11.2, was 25% for thionolactide (1-13) and 90% for methyl methacrylate.
- the residual monomers were evaporated and the number average molar mass (Mn), as well as the polymolecularity index (Mw/Mn) of the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-thionolactide) copolymer CP9 were measured by size exclusion chromatography.
- Example 14 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP10 based on tert-butyl acrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-14) according to the process of the invention
- the product was purified a first time by column chromatography (eluent dichloromethane), then the collected fractions were purified again by column chromatography (50 g of silica gel, eluent: ethyl ether 20% / petroleum ether 80% ) to obtain a yield of 25% (0.8 g).
- Figure 5 illustrates the crystal structure of thiolactide (1-14).
- Thionolactide (monomer of formula (1-14)) represents 10% (in mole) relative to tert-butyl acrylate (monomer of formula (II)).
- the solution was transferred to a Carius tube which was vacuum sealed after three degassing cycles. The tube was then placed in an oil bath at 100°C for 5 hours. The polymerization was stopped by rapid cooling. After opening the tube, part of the solution was transferred to an NMR tube to determine the conversion of thionolactide (1-14) after 5 hours of reaction.
- the conversion to monomer determined by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) was 26% for thionolactide (1-14) and 52% for tert-butyl acrylate.
- the residual monomers were evaporated and the number average molar mass (Mn), as well as the polymolecularity index (Mw/Mn) of the poly(tert-butyl acrylate-co-thionolactide) copolymer CP10 were measured by chromatography.
- steric exclusion eluent: THF
- Mn 13500 g/mol
- Mw/Mn 4.2.
- Example 15 Chemical degradation of a deqradable copolymer CP10 based on tert-butyl acrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-14)
- Example 16 Synthesis of a deqradable copolymer CP11 based on methyl methacrylate and thionolactide of formula (1-14) according to the process of the invention
- the conversion to monomer determined by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), as explained in Example 14.3, was 26% for thionolactide (1-14) and 46% for styrene.
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR2202350A FR3133613B1 (fr) | 2022-03-17 | 2022-03-17 | Procédé de polymérisation par voie radicalaire de thionolactides |
| PCT/EP2023/056838 WO2023175121A1 (fr) | 2022-03-17 | 2023-03-16 | Procédé de polymérisation par voie radicalaire de thionolactides |
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| US (1) | US20250197541A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4493614A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025512623A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119278227A (fr) |
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| DE1092930B (de) * | 1954-12-21 | 1960-11-17 | Franz Stroeher O H G Darmstadt | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dithioglykolid |
| DE963557C (de) * | 1955-04-28 | 1957-05-09 | Dr Alfons Schoeberl | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochmolekularen Produkten aus Dithioglykolid |
| KR20090059880A (ko) * | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-11 | 한국화학연구원 | 고리상 에스터 모노머의 개환 중합에 의한 블록 공중합체의제조방법 |
| KR101270159B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-12 | 2013-05-31 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 온도감응성의 고분자 중합체를 이용한 약물 함유 고분자 미립구 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN112939933A (zh) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 基于乳酸或氨基酸的硫代交酯单体及可回收的聚硫酯和制备方法 |
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- 2023-03-16 CN CN202380028100.2A patent/CN119278227A/zh active Pending
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- 2023-03-16 EP EP23711489.7A patent/EP4493614A1/fr active Pending
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| JP2025512623A (ja) | 2025-04-18 |
| US20250197541A1 (en) | 2025-06-19 |
| CN119278227A (zh) | 2025-01-07 |
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