EP4493279A1 - Ligands spécifiques de la glycoprotéine pcpe-1 et leurs utilisations - Google Patents
Ligands spécifiques de la glycoprotéine pcpe-1 et leurs utilisationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4493279A1 EP4493279A1 EP23714591.7A EP23714591A EP4493279A1 EP 4493279 A1 EP4493279 A1 EP 4493279A1 EP 23714591 A EP23714591 A EP 23714591A EP 4493279 A1 EP4493279 A1 EP 4493279A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pcpe
- seq
- glycoprotein
- nanobodies
- ligand
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/575—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/22—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin from camelids, e.g. camel, llama or dromedary
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/33—Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/35—Valency
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/565—Complementarity determining region [CDR]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
- C07K2317/569—Single domain, e.g. dAb, sdAb, VHH, VNAR or nanobody®
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/52—Predicting or monitoring the response to treatment, e.g. for selection of therapy based on assay results in personalised medicine; Prognosis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/70—Mechanisms involved in disease identification
- G01N2800/7052—Fibrosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to specific ligands for the PCPE-1 (Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1) protein. It also concerns their use in medical imaging and in diagnostic and treatment methods. More particularly it relates to two types of ligands: some capable of binding to PCPE-1 for use in imaging, and other so-called antagonist ligands capable of binding to PCPE-1 and inhibiting its activity, for use in therapy. In one embodiment of the invention, these antagonistic ligands are used for the diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis and cancer.
- PCPE-1 Protein C-proteinase enhancer-1
- Fibrillary collagens are the most abundant proteins in the human body and the main components of extracellular matrices. They shape organs and tissues and play a crucial role in maintaining their homeostasis or repair after injury. Long considered to have a structural role in tissues, collagens are now recognized as being integral players in numerous cellular processes such as adhesion, proliferation, migration and cell differentiation.
- fibrosis which is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix composed mainly of collagen fibers, is a major common denominator of many pathologies that strongly affects disease progression, effectiveness and delivery of therapies (Henderson et coll. 2020). Furthermore, the production of abnormal collagen by tumor cells or by the microenvironment plays a major role in the immune escape of these cells and strongly contributes to their metastatic capacity as well as their dormancy and their resistance to treatments (Shi et al . 2022).
- BTP bone morphogenetic protein- 1 (BMP1)/tolloid-like proteinases
- BTPs are targets of choice, they possess, in addition to collagens, an activity directed against numerous other substrates involved in several pathways (activation of growth factors, angiogenesis, mineralization, tumor progression, etc.), which which means that inhibiting their activity could result in unwanted side effects.
- PCPE-1 Protein C-Proteinase Enhancer-1
- PCPE-1 is composed of two CUB (Complement-Uegf-BMP-1) domains and a C-terminal NTR (Netrin-like) domain, separated by a long linker.
- CUB domains are necessary and sufficient for PCPE-1 activity (Kronenberg 2009 ; Vadon 2011 ) and this is due to their direct and close interaction with the C-propeptide of procollagens.
- PCPE-1 protein is a therapeutic target for combating fibrosis-type diseases, in particular skin fibrosis and difficult healing.
- the strategy considered in this document is the inhibition of the expression of PCPE-1, via the injection of siRNAs intended to block the translation of the gene into protein.
- Nanobodies are the smallest antibody fragments (approximately 15 kDa), highly soluble and stable, they can be easily produced in large quantities in prokaryotic systems. Additionally, their convex paratope is well suited to bind to difficult-to-target cavities on the antigen surface.
- Three types of approaches can be used to select antigen-specific nanobodies: from immune libraries, na ⁇ ve libraries or synthetic libraries.
- An immune bank is generated by immunizing a camelid with the target. These are the most widely used nanobody banks, although with a limit for certain targets which are not immunogenic or too toxic for animal immunization. Due to these limitations, several synthetic banks have been developed. A selection can be made from these banks to identify nanobodies specific for one or more target protein(s). To date, more than 1400 VHHs have been successfully selected and are used as research tools, in biotechnological or diagnostic applications.
- the present invention relates to a specific ligand for the glycoprotein PCPE-1, characterized in that it is a nanobody, also designated by the abbreviation VHH (Variable domain of the Heavy chain of Heavy chain-only antibodies).
- the present invention also relates to a specific ligand for the glycoprotein PCPE-1, characterized in that it inhibits its activity.
- This specific ligand is also called PCPE-1 antagonist ligand.
- PCPE-1 antagonist ligand In particular, it is a PCPE-1 antagonist nanobody.
- Another object of the invention is a specific ligand for the glycoprotein PCPE-1 consisting of a combination of two or three nanobodies as described above.
- the present invention also relates to a nucleic acid encoding a nanobody or a combination of two or three nanobodies, as described in the present application.
- the present invention also relates to a specific ligand antagonist of the PCPE-1 glycoprotein for its use as a medicament, and more specifically for its medical use in the treatment of cancer or fibrosis, in particular cardiac fibrosis.
- the present invention also relates to a specific ligand for the PCPE-1 glycoprotein as described in the present application, characterized in that it is coupled to a detectable marker, in particular a marker used in medical imaging.
- Another object of the invention is the use of such a specific ligand for the PCPE-1 glycoprotein coupled to a detectable marker, for the in vivo monitoring of a pathological state by medical imaging.
- Another object of the invention is a specific ligand for the PCPE-1 glycoprotein as described above, for its theranostic use for the treatment and in vivo monitoring of a pathological state by medical imaging.
- the present application relates to a kit for determining the activity and/or quantity of the PCPE-1 glycoprotein in a biological sample in vitro or ex vivo, comprising:
- Figure 1A Injection of 200 nM of VHHs selected by immunization on immobilized PCPE-1 (645 RU i.e. Resonance Units).
- Figure 1 B Injection of 200 nM of VHHs selected from a synthetic library onto immobilized PCPE-1 (645 RU).
- Figure 2A % inhibition of the interaction between VHHs (50 nM) and immobilized PCPE-1 when co-injecting the CUB1 or CUB2 domains (250 nM).
- Figure 2B Injection of 250 nM of VHH-I5 followed by an injection of the same concentration of VHH-I5 in combination with 250 nM of a second VHH.
- Figure 2C Injection of 250 nM of VHH-H4 followed by an injection of the same concentration of VHH-H4 in combination with 250 nM of a second VHH.
- FIG. 2D VHHs I5 is biotinylated and immobilized on a streptavidin chip (813 RU), then increasing concentrations of PCPE-1 (in black) or PCPE-2 (in gray) are injected.
- VHH H4 is biotinylated and immobilized on streptavidin chip (491 RU), then increasing concentrations of PCPE-1 or PCPE-2 are injected.
- Figure 3C Immuno-detection of procollagen I and its C-terminal cleavage products in the culture medium of rat heart fibroblasts, after 48 hours of culture in the absence or presence of PCPE-1 (5 pg/ml) and of VHHs (15 pg/ml). Western blot analysis using an anti-C-propeptide antibody of procollagen I (LF41).
- Figure 4A SPR analysis of the interaction of D1 with immobilized PCPE-1. Sequential injections of increasing concentrations of D1 (0-250 nM) and modeling of the interaction (dotted line) using the Langmuir model (Biacore T200 Evaluation software, Cytiva).
- Figure 4B Inhibition of the PCPE-1 / mini-procollagen III interaction in the presence of diabody D1: the interaction of PCPE-1 (5 nM) with the immobilized mini-procollagen III is measured then compared to the interaction obtained when PCPE-1 (5 nM) is co-injected with increasing amounts (0-200 nM) of D1. The % of residual PCPE-1 binding is represented as a function of the D1 concentration.
- FIG. 4C D1 inhibits the activity of PCPE-1 on procollagen III: CPU I-Long is incubated with BMP-1 and 75 nM of PCPE-1 in the absence or presence of 2 pM of monovalent or bivalent nanobody (1 h, 37°C). Analysis by SDS-PAGE (4-20% gel, Coomassie blue staining). The % inhibition is calculated by comparison with the PCPE-1 condition alone.
- FIG. 4D D1 inhibits the activity of PCPE-1 on procollagens I and II: Mini I or Mini II are incubated with BMP-1 and 75 nM of PCPE-1, in the absence or presence of 2 pM of D1 (1 h, 37°C). The analysis is carried out by SDS-PAGE (8% gel, Coomassie blue staining). The % inhibition is calculated by comparison with the PCPE-1 condition alone.
- Figure 4E Immuno-detection of procollagen I and its C-terminal cleavage products in the culture medium of rat heart fibroblasts, after 48 hours of culture in the absence or presence of PCPE-1 (5 pg/ml) and diabody D1 (15 pg/ml). Western blot analysis using an anti-C-propeptide antibody of procollagen I (LF41).
- Figure 4G Immunodetection of procollagen I and its C-terminal cleavage products in the culture medium of human skin fibroblasts, after 72 hours of culture in the absence or presence of PCPE-1 (5 pg/ml), TGF- beta (5 ng/ml) and diabody D1 (15 pg/ml). Western blot analysis using an anti-C-propeptide antibody of procollagen I (LF41).
- Figure 5 Use of a nanobody coupled to a detectable marker for the detection of PCPE-1
- FIG. 5A SPR characterization of the PCPE-1/biotinylated VHH-H4 interaction. Biotinylation of VHH-H4 allows its oriented capture on a streptavidin chip. The presence of PCPE-1 in the injected sample is detected by its interaction with VHH-H4.
- Figure 5B Detection by ELIS ⁇ : Calibration curve obtained by addition of increasing quantities of purified human PCPE-1. Concentration of PCPE-1 (ng/ml) in human plasma samples, mean ⁇ SD of 3 determinations, each in duplicate.
- FIG. 6A Pharmacokinetics of VHH-H4-Ga 68 . Measurement of half-life time in blood; dosage during the 2.5 h following injection, expressed as a % of the injected dose (%ID, mean ⁇ SD, gamma count)
- FIG. 6B Biodistribution of VHH-H4-Ga 68 determined ex-vivo 2.5 hours after injection, expressed as a % of the injected dose (%ID, mean ⁇ SD) for each organ (gamma counting)
- Figure 6C Detection range of VHH-H4-Ga 68 on rat heart section. Autoradiography (phosphorimager) after one hour of incubation and one hour of exposure.
- the present invention relates to a specific ligand for the glycoprotein PCPE-1, characterized in that it is a nanobody (also known as VHH).
- glycoprotein PCPE-1 Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1
- the human protein is referenced in the UniProt database under the reference Q15113, where its polypeptide sequence is described.
- Collagens are synthesized in the form of soluble precursors called procollagens. The latter undergo proteolytic maturation before being able to assemble in the form of collagen fibers. This rate-limiting step is regulated by the glycoprotein PCPE-1, which specifically stimulates the C-terminal cleavage of fibrillar procollagen by BTP proteases, responsible for the removal of C-propeptides from fibrillar procollagens.
- PCPE-1 interacts closely with the C-propeptide of collagen via its two CUB domains (Complement-Uegf-BMP-1).
- telomere binding ligand designates a compound interacting with a protein in a non-covalent, reversible and specific manner.
- a ligand is said to be “specific” when, on the one hand, it binds preferentially to its target protein among a multitude of target proteins with similar structures; and on the other hand, he presents an affinity, that is to say a force of interaction between said ligand and the target protein, judged to be sufficiently strong.
- Affinity is quantitatively measured by the association/dissociation equilibrium constant, also called the affinity constant or equilibrium dissociation constant, abbreviated “KD”. The lower the KD value, the higher the binding affinity between the ligand and its target protein.
- a ligand is considered to bind specifically to PCPE-1 if its affinity constant KD is less than 100 nM, or less than 80 nM, or less than 50 nM, and more preferably if it is less than 30 nM.
- KD affinity constant
- a nanobody means a single domain antibody, which corresponds to an antibody fragment composed of a single monomeric variable antibody domain, which corresponds to the single heavy chain variable domain of antibodies of the type found in camelids , which are naturally free of light chains.
- a nanobody is capable of selectively binding to a specific antigen. It has the advantage of having a molecular weight of only 12 to 15 kDa, approximately 10 times less than common antibodies which have a molecular weight of 150 to 160 kDa.
- a nanobody is also much less bulky than a classic antibody. In addition, the synthesis process, particularly in bacterial cells, is facilitated due to this simplified structure.
- the first single-domain antibodies were designed from heavy-chain antibodies found in camelids; these are designated VH H fragments.
- nanobody and VHH are used interchangeably and both designate a single domain antibody.
- the nanobodies each have three CDRs, designated CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 respectively.
- the nanobodies according to the invention may in particular be llama nanobodies or synthetic nanobodies.
- a combination of two nanobodies, covalently coupled, with or without a bonding agent, is designated by the term “diabody” or “diacorps” in French, or even by the term “bivalent nanobody”.
- a combination of three nanobodies is designated by the term “tribody” or “tricorps” in French, or even “trivalent nanobody”.
- ligands specific to the PCPE-1 glycoprotein are also included in the invention, in particular any protein structure equivalent to a nanobody, excluding antibodies.
- protein scaffold capable of specifically binding to target epitopes are presented in the review by (Gebauer & Skerra, 2019)
- the invention also relates to a specific ligand for the PCPE-1 glycoprotein, characterized in that it inhibits its interaction with the C-terminal domain of procollagens, which has the effect of inhibiting the activity of this PCPE-1 glycoprotein. .
- PCPE-1 ligands have, in addition to the capacity to bind to this glycoprotein, the capacity to inhibit the activity of said PCPE-1 glycoprotein. They are then designated “PCPE-1 antagonist ligands”.
- antagonist designates a compound interacting with a target protein exhibiting physiological activity, by reducing or even eliminating the physiological activity of said protein.
- this inhibition of activity is characterized by an inhibition of the interaction of PCPE-1 with the C-terminal domains of procollagen.
- This inhibition of PCPE-1 activity is considered to be significant when it is greater than 40%, or even at least 50%, and preferably greater than 60%.
- PCPE-1 antagonist ligands may be of any nature, and in particular be synthetic chemical compounds, nucleic acids, or even protein structures, and in particular a polypeptide chain.
- the PCPE-1 antagonist ligand is a polypeptide chain, and in particular is a nanobody (VHH). It is understood that any polypeptide structure equivalent to a nanobody is included in the invention.
- the inventors have identified two families of nanobodies possessing either PCPE-1 binding activity for use in medical imaging and diagnosis, or PCPE-1 binding activity and inhibitory activity for use as a drug.
- nanobodies were selected from a synthetic nanobody library or after immunization of a llama and possess PCPE-1 binding activity measured by surface plasmon resonance as presented in Figure 1. They were selected to possess a KD less than 100 nM and more precisely less than 30 nM (see Table 2 in the examples).
- CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 are sufficient to define an antigen binding site.
- CDR complementarity determining region
- the specific ligand of PCPE-1 is a nanobody whose polypeptide sequence includes three complementarity determining regions (CDRs) with PCPE-1, characterized in that among these three CDRs, at least a CDR has at least 80% identity with one of the sequences SEQ ID NO. 1 to SEQ ID NO. 15.
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- each CDR is defined as follows:
- CDR1 presents at least 80% identity with one of the following sequences: SEQ ID NO. 1, 4, 7, 10 or 13; ii. CDR2 has at least 80% identity with one of the following sequences: SEQ ID NO.
- CDR3 has at least 80% identity with one of the following sequences: SEQ ID NO.
- the CDR1 of the nanobody has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with at least one of the CDR1 sequences mentioned in (i) above,
- the CDR2 of the nanobody has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with at least one of the CDR2 sequences mentioned in (ii) above,
- the CDR3 of the nanobody has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with at least one of the CDR3 sequences mentioned in (iii) above.
- identity percentages to which reference is made in the context of the presentation of the present invention are determined after optimal alignment of the sequences to be compared, which may therefore include one or more additions, deletions, truncations and/or substitutions.
- This identity percentage can be calculated by any sequence analysis method well known to those skilled in the art.
- the percentage of identity can be determined after global alignment of the sequences to be compared taken in their entirety, over their entire length. In addition to manually, it is possible to determine the overall sequence alignment using the Needleman and Wunsch (1970) algorithm.
- the comparison of the sequences can be carried out using any software well known to those skilled in the art, such as for example the Needle software.
- the parameters used may in particular be the following: “Gap Open” equal to 10.0, “Gap Extend” equal to 0.5 and the EDN ⁇ FULL matrix (EMBOSS version of NCBI NUC4.4).
- the comparison of the sequences can be carried out using any software well known to those skilled in the art, such as for example the Needle software.
- the parameters used may in particular be the following: “Gap Open” equal to 10.0, “Gap Extend” equal to 0.5 and the BLOSUM62 matrix.
- the percentage of identity defined in the context of the present invention is determined by means of a global alignment of the sequences to be compared over their entire length.
- the specific ligand for the glycoprotein PCPE-1 is a nanobody which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs) with PCPE-1, said three CDRs having at least 80% sequence identity with the combinations of following sequences: a) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 1, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 2 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 3; or b) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 4, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 5 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 6; or c) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 7, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 8 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 9; Or d) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 10, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 11 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 12; or e) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 13, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 14 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 15.
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- the three CDRs of the nanobody present at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with the CDR sequences mentioned in (a) above, or
- the three CDRs of the nanobody present at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with the CDR sequences mentioned in (b) above, or
- the three CDRs of the nanobody present at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with the CDR sequences mentioned in (c) above, or
- the three CDRs of the nanobody present at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with the CDR sequences mentioned in (d) above, or
- the three CDRs of the nanobody present at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with the CDR sequences mentioned in (e) above.
- the specific ligand for the PCPE-1 glycoprotein is a nanobody which comprises three complementarity determining regions (CDRs) with PCPE-1, said three CDRs having the following sequences: a) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 1, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 2 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 3; or b) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 4, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 5 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 6; or c) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 7, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 8 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 9; or d) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 10, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 11 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 12; or e) CDR1: SEQ ID NO. 13, CDR2: SEQ ID NO. 14 and CDR3: SEQ ID NO. 15.
- CDRs complementarity determining regions
- the specific ligand for the PCPE-1 glycoprotein is a nanobody whose polypeptide sequence has at least 80% identity with one of the sequences SEQ ID NO. 16 to SEQ ID NO. 20.
- this nanobody presents a polypeptide sequence having at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with the sequences SEQ ID NO. 16 to SEQ ID NO. 20.
- substitutions observed in the polypeptide sequences will be placed in the domains outside the CDRS, called “framework” regions of the nanobody.
- the CDRs are conserved and present 100% identity with the sequences mentioned above in (a) for SEQ ID NO. 16; in (b) for SEQ ID NO. 17; in (c) for SEQ ID NO. 18; in (d) for SEQ ID NO. 19; and (e) for SEQ ID NO. 20.
- the nanobody of the invention has a polypeptide sequence consisting of the sequence SEQ I D NO. 16; or SEQ I D NO. 17; or SEQ I D NO.
- the present invention describes the association of these nanobodies within the same diabody or tribody type structure. This association is preferably carried out via the addition of a binding agent between the protein sequences of each nanobody. Those skilled in the art will know how to select the most suitable binding agent, in particular among those described in the review by Kwon, 2019. According to a preferred implementation, the sequence GSs (GSGSGSGSGSGSGSGSGSGS, SEQ ID NO. 38) is used as liaison agent.
- the specific ligand for the PCPE-1 glycoprotein consists of a combination of two or three nanobodies as described above, that is to say a diabody or a tribody, optionally comprising one or two binding agents, in particular one or two binding peptides (one for a diabody, two for a tribody).
- a diabody consists of the association of a nanobody having a binding activity to CUB1 and another having a binding activity to CUB2, it being understood that each nanobody can be positioned either upstream or downstream of the binding peptide.
- a diabody according to the invention may in particular consist of any combination of two polypeptide sequences each having at least 80% or 90% sequence identity with one of the sequences SEQ ID NO. 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, optionally further comprising a binding agent.
- a diabody will consist of any combination of two polypeptide sequences each having a sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID NO. 16 to SEQ ID NO. 20, optionally linked by a binding agent, in particular by a binding peptide.
- This combination of two nanobodies may in particular present a polypeptide sequence having at least 80% or 90% identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO. 21, and in particular at least 95%, 98%, 99% or 100% identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO. 21.
- the CDRs of the nanobodies are preserved and have 100% identity with the sequences mentioned above in (a) for SEQ ID NO. 16 (H4) and (c) for SEQ ID NO. 18 (I5).
- this type of diabody can correspond to I5-Iinker-H4 or H4-Iinker-I5.
- An example amino acid sequence for the H4-Iinker-I5 diabody corresponds to the sequence SEQ ID NO. 21.
- a diabody according to the invention has a polypeptide sequence consisting of the sequence SEQ ID NO. 21.
- Another object of the invention relates to a nucleic acid comprising a nucleic sequence coding for a nanobody or a combination of two or three nanobodies according to the present invention.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention comprises or consists of a nucleic sequence encoding a nanobody defined by one of the amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO. 16 to 20 or encoding a diabody defined by the sequence SEQ ID NO. 21.
- This nucleic acid is a DNA or RNA molecule, which can be included in any suitable vector, such as a plasmid, cosmid, episome, artificial chromosome, phage or viral vector.
- vector designates the vehicle by which the DNA or RNA sequence can be introduced into a host cell, so as to transform the host and promote the expression (e.g. transcription and translation) of the DNA sequence. nucleic acid introduced.
- a vector advantageously comprises regulatory elements, such as a promoter, an activator, a terminator, etc., to induce the expression of the polypeptide.
- Another object of the invention relates to a vector comprising a nucleic acid according to the invention.
- Another object of the invention is a host cell having integrated a vector as described above, and thus being able to express the nanobody, diabody or tribody according to the invention.
- the present invention also relates to specific PCPE-1 ligands as defined above for use as a contrast agent in non-invasive medical imaging, for use in diagnostic methods and for use as a medicine.
- the ligands described in the present invention having both a binding activity and an inhibitory activity of PCPE-1, are perfect candidates for a so-called theranostic approach.
- composition comprising one of these ligands in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.
- the compounds according to the invention can be used in immunoassays (ELISA, Westernblot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry) to detect PCPE-1 in biological fluids or tissues, in vitro or ex vivo.
- the present invention relates to a PCPE-1 glycoprotein antagonist ligand as described above, for its use as a medicament.
- the present invention also relates to an antagonistic ligand for the PCPE-1 glycoprotein as described above, for its therapeutic use in the treatment of cancer or fibrosis, in particular cardiac fibrosis.
- Fibrosis also called sclerosis, occurs following substantial tissue destruction or when inflammation occurs in a location where tissue does not regenerate. Fibrosis are pathologies characterized by excessive synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to pathological scarring and stiffening which can lead to death when vital organs are affected (heart, liver, lung, etc.). .). There are several types of fibrosis: cardiac fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, renal fibrosis, muscle fibrosis, etc.
- ECM extracellular matrix
- Cancer is also a disease where collagen plays an important role, although this role is complex and dependent on the type of tumor (Shi et al., 2021).
- the present invention also relates to a method of treating cancer or fibrosis, in particular cardiac fibrosis, comprising administering to a patient suffering from cancer or fibrosis, a PCPE-antagonizing ligand. 1, inhibiting its activity, as described above.
- a "patient” designates a human or non-human mammal, such as a rodent (rat, mouse, rabbit), a primate (chimpanzee), a feline (cat), or a canine ( dog).
- the patient is a human being, in particular suffering from cancer or fibrosis, and in particular cardiac fibrosis.
- the present invention also relates to a specific ligand for the glycoprotein PCPE-1 as defined above, characterized in that it is coupled to a marker detectable in medical imaging.
- PCPE-1 specific ligand coupled to a detectable marker we mean here that the detectable marker is linked, directly or indirectly, to the ligand, or is incorporated into the ligand.
- the detectable marker may in particular be linked to the ligand by substitution, by complexion or by chelation.
- a “detectable marker” means a compound which produces a detectable signal. When combined with a tracer, it makes it possible to monitor the fate of the tracer in the body.
- a detectable marker here designates in particular a marker detectable in medical imaging.
- the detectable marker used may in particular be an MRI contrast agent, a scintigraphy contrast agent, an X-ray imaging contrast agent, an ultrasound contrast agent, or an optical imaging contrast agent.
- detectable labels include radioelements, fluorophores such as fluorescein, Alexa, cyanine; chemiluminescent compounds such as luminol; bioluminescent compounds such as luciferase or alkaline phosphatase; contrast agents such as nanoparticles or Gadolinium; and quantum dots.
- fluorophores such as fluorescein, Alexa, cyanine
- chemiluminescent compounds such as luminol
- bioluminescent compounds such as luciferase or alkaline phosphatase
- contrast agents such as nanoparticles or Gadolinium
- quantum dots quantum dots
- the marking can be oriented, via the introduction of a terminal cysteine, or of a recognition sequence by sortase or another ligase. Labeling can also be carried out by direct coupling after activation of the lysines.
- the detectable marker is in particular a fluorophore, a chromophore or luminescent compound or a label detectable by an antibody. It can also be a chelator, such as NOD ⁇ G ⁇ , which is then coupled to a radioisotope, such as Ga68.
- the ligand thus modified retains its capacity to bind to PCPE-1.
- the PCPE-1 specific ligand coupled to a detectable marker can be used to detect the PCPE-1 protein in an immunoassay or in cell culture, as illustrated in Example 5.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a specific PCPE-1 ligand coupled to a detectable marker as defined above, for in vivo monitoring of a pathological state by medical imaging.
- the invention relates to the use of said specific PCPE-1 ligand coupled to a detectable marker as a contrast agent in medical imaging, in particular non-invasive, in vivo medical imaging.
- a contrast agent designates a substance which, administered in the body, makes it possible to mark in a detectable manner organs or structures (tissue, cell, receptor) which, without a contrast agent, are little or not visible in medical imaging.
- the specific PCPE-1 ligand coupled to the marker has pharmacokinetic characteristics compatible with its use as a contrast agent (rapid clearance but sufficient persistence to allow imaging, renal elimination, no accumulation in healthy animals). This is particularly illustrated in Example 6. These properties can if necessary be modulated by PEGylation, or other modification of the charge or lipophilicity of the molecules.
- the present invention also relates to a method of medical imaging, in particular non-invasive in vivo medical imaging, in which a specific PCPE-1 ligand coupled to a detectable marker as defined above is administered to a patient, then the patient is subjected to a medical imaging protocol.
- theranostics is a neologism constructed from the terms therapy and diagnosis, which corresponds to a medical approach aiming to favor the simultaneous development of diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. In particular, this involves using compounds that make it possible both to visualize the clinical situation of a patient in vivo, and to treat the condition concerned with the same compound.
- PCPE-1 ligands according to the invention are entirely suitable for theranostic use.
- the present invention relates to a specific PCPE-1 ligand coupled to a detectable marker, for its theranostic use for the treatment and in vivo monitoring of a pathological state by medical imaging.
- this ligand is a PCPE-1 antagonist.
- the present invention also relates to a kit for determining the activity and/or quantity of the PCPE-1 glycoprotein in a biological sample in vitro or ex vivo, comprising:
- This specific PCPE-1 ligand will in particular be a ligand coupled to a detectable marker.
- a biological sample means any type of sample from a living body, in particular from the body of a patient, and includes in particular blood, serum, plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and tears.
- PCPE-1 Native human or containing an 8his tag at the C-terminal
- Miniprocollagen I Mini I, Twinstrep tag at the N-terminal of the a2 chain
- Mini-procollagen II Mini II, 6His tag at the N- terminal
- Mini-procollagen III Mini III, C-myc tag in N-terminal
- BMP-1 flag tag in C-terminal
- the CUB domains of PCPE-1 were prepared by limited proteolysis of CUB1 NTR and CUB2NTR as described by Kronenberg et al.
- CPI 11 - Long and PCPE-2 were produced by transient transfection of HEK 293T cells and purified as already described.
- the antigen used for the selection of nanobodies is the CUB1 CUB2 zone of the PCPE-1 protein (corresponding to amino acids 1 to 279). It was cloned into the pHLsec vector, in fusion with a 6-His tag and an N-terminal HRV-3C protease cleavage sequence. It was then produced by transient transfection of 293-F cells, cultured at 37°C, 125 rpm, 8% CO2 in FreestyleTM 293 medium (Gibco), according to the procedure described by Pulido et al. CUB1 CUB2 was purified on a Ni-excel column (5 ml; Cytiva), then treated with HRV-3C protease at 4°C overnight to eliminate the histidine tag.
- a biotinylated form of CUB1 CUB2 was prepared for biopanning and phage-ELISA.
- the coding sequence for the CUB1 CUB2 region was cloned into the pHL-Avitag3 vector between the EcoRI and Kpnl sites then the protein was expressed at 293-T as above.
- 60 pM of CUB1 CUB2avi were biotinylated using 1 pM of GST-BirA (Biotin -protein ligase) in 50 mM bicine buffer, 300 mM potassium glutamate pH 8.3 in the presence of 10 mM ATP and 50 pM d-biotin for 5 h at 30 °C.
- GST-BirA (cloned into the pGex vector, gift from Y. Zhao, STRUBI, Oxford, GB) was produced in E. Coli BL21(DE3)pLysS bacteria. Purification on cobalt resin then gel filtration with a Superdex S75 column (20 mM HEPES buffer pH 7.4, 0.3 M NaCl) allows the elimination of excess BirA and biotin and the obtaining of a pure and 95% biotinylated.
- the llama nanobodies were generated by the platform of the Architecture and Function of Biological Macromolecules Laboratory (Marseille, France). Briefly, a Llama ⁇ lama was immunized by five successive injections of 1 mg of CUB1 CUB2 one week apart. After 39 days, blood was collected, and the nanobody library was generated as previously described. Two biopanning steps on 50 nM of biotinylated CUB1 CUB2 made it possible to enrich phages expressing nanobodies specifically recognizing CUB1 CUB2. 48 clones (phagemid) were selected and their affinity for human PCPE-1 determined by phage ELIS ⁇ . Positive clones were sequenced and their sequences aligned and analyzed using ESPript 3.0. Eight nanobodies were selected to be characterized in more detail: 11, I2, I3, I4, I5, I7, 110 and 111.
- the synthetic nanobodies were selected by Hybrigenics Services S ⁇ S. After three biopanning steps on biotinylated CUB1CUB2 using the hsd2ab nanobody library (Moutel et al., 2016), 90 clones were tested by phage ELISA for their ability to bind to PCPE1. After sequencing, a library of 24 unique positive clones was obtained. Ten of them were selected to be characterized in more detail: H1 to H10.
- the synthetic nanobodies were cloned into the pET29b(+) vector, in fusion with the pelB signal sequence and a 6-His tag in the C-terminal position.
- Llama nanobodies were cloned into the pHEN6 vector following the pelB sequence and in fusion with a 6-His tag at the C-terminal position.
- the VHH-I5 nanobody was amplified by PCR with the addition of a Notl restriction site and a GSs sequence (GSGSGSGSGSGSGSGSGS, SEQ ID NO. 38) at the N-terminal.
- the GSs-VHH-15 construct was then cloned following VHH-H4 into pET29b(+) by NotI/XhoI digestion to lead to the bivalent nanobody VHH-H4-GSs-VHH-l5 (D1).
- E. coli T7 express bacteria E. coli T7 express bacteria
- D0600 0.8
- protein expression is triggered by treatment with 0.1 mM IPTG (B-D-1 -thiogalactopyranoside) and the cells are incubated overnight at 28° C., in Terrifie Broth medium containing 0.1% of glucose.
- the cells are then harvested by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C and resuspended in TES buffer (200 mM Tris HCl pH 8.0, 500 mM Sucrose, 50 nM EDTA).
- the periplasmic fraction is prepared by osmotic shock and the nanobodies are purified by affinity chromatography on nickel resin (Qiagen) and gel filtration (Superdex 75 16/600; Cytiva) in 20 mM HEPES, 0.3 M NaCl pH 7.4 buffer.
- nanobodies were also cloned into the pHEN vector containing the sequence LPETG (recognition site for Sortase, SEQ ID NO. 39) and a 6-His tag in the C-terminal position (gift from Dr. Leo Hanke, Karolinska Institut, Sweden), and produced and purified as described in (Hanke et al., 2020).
- the Sortase A 5M cloned in the pET30b vector ( ⁇ ddgene #51140), with a 6-His tag at the C-terminal was produced and purified according to the supplier's instructions.
- the nanobodies were biotinylated on their C-terminus using 50 pM Sortase ⁇ 5M and 200 pM GGGK-biotin (Covalab) in 50 mM HEPES buffer pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM CaCb, 2 h at 25°C.
- the 5M Sortase and the excess nanobodies were removed by passing through Ni-NT ⁇ resin (Qiagen; 2 ml), then the excess biotin by passing through Zeba spin (7K MWCO, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- SPR Surface plasmon resonance
- Regeneration is obtained by successive injection of 2M guanidine chloride and 0.5M EDT ⁇ for 30 sec.
- the sensorgrams were analyzed using the Biacore T200 Evaluation v3.2.1 evaluation software (Cytiva), using the most suitable models.
- IC50 was determined by nonlinear regression using GraphPad Prism (v8.2.1).
- the level of activation by PCPE-1 was assessed as the ratio between the intensity of the C-propeptide band and the intensity of all long CPI II bands (cleaved and uncleaved), after normalization with the condition BMP-1 alone, using ImageQuantTL software (Cytiva).
- Rat heart fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM medium, 10% FCS (Eurobio), 1% ASA (Antibiotic-antimycotic solution; Thermo Fisher) at 37°C, 5% CO2. At 70% confluence of the cells, the serum was removed and replaced with serum-free medium, containing PCPE-1 (5 pg- mL'1 ) and/or 15 pg- mL'1 nanobodies. After 48 h of culture, the supernatants are harvested and the procollagen is analyzed by western blotting using a anti-C-propeptide antibody (LF41, gift from Dr. Larry W. Fisher, Bethesda, USA). Quantification of the bands is carried out using ImageQuantTL software (Cytiva).
- VHH-H4 is bioconjugated with NODAGA then labeled with galium 68 according to the procedure described in (Renard et al, 2020). Its biodistribution is evaluated in rats after iv injection of 25 pg (12 MBq). For this, 9 blood samples (150-200 pL) were taken during the 2.5 hours following the injection, after which the animal was euthanized. The collected tissues were analyzed by gamma counting.
- Figure 1 presents the results of the selection of PCPE-1 binding nanobodies from the llama nanobody bank or a synthetic bank.
- the nanobodies were generated by five successive injections of recombinant CUB1 CUB2 into a llama, followed by two biopanning steps. 48 clones have were analyzed by phage-ELISA, leading to 11 unique clones after sequencing. These 11 clones can be classified into six families based on their CDR3s. The first family is the most represented with 5 clones while the others have only one or two variants. 3 members of family 1 (VHH-11, VHH-I5 and VHH-I7) and one member of each of the other families were selected, produced in the periplasm of E.coli and purified. Their affinity for PCPE-1 was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (Fig. 1A).
- SPR surface plasmon resonance
- VHH-110 binds to PCPE-1 (Table 2).
- Table 2 All except VHH-110 bind to PCPE-1 (Table 2).
- family 1 the interaction of VHH-11 with PCPE-1 appears less stable than those of VHH-I5 and -I7, leading to a significantly higher dissociation constant (Table 2).
- VHH-I3 is a strong PCPE-1 ligand, with dissociation constants in the nanomolar range.
- the selection of the synthetic nanobodies was carried out using three cycles of phage display, then 90 clones were chosen at random and tested by phage ELIS ⁇ for their ability to bind to PCPE-1. 32% of the clones gave a positive signal, which corresponds to 24 unique clones after sequencing. 7 of these 24 clones also gave a positive signal when tested against immobilized CUB1 NTR. 10 clones (including these 7) were finally produced and purified, and then their affinity for PCPE-1 was measured by SPR (Fig. 1 B). Of the 10, only half give a clear interaction with PCPE-1 when injected at 200 nM, the best results being obtained with VHH-H4 and VHH-H10 (Fig. 1 B) whose KDS are l nanomolar order (Table 2).
- nanobodies from the synthetic nanobodies bank are designated by names starting with the letter H; nanobodies derived from the serum of an immunized llama are designated by names starting with I.
- Figure 1A presents the PCPE-1 binding activity of the eight nanobodies derived from llama serum: 11, I2, I3, I4, I5, I7, 110 and 111.
- Figure 1 B shows the PCPE-1 binding activity of the following ten synthetic nanobodies: H1 to H10.
- Table 2 shows the KD affinity constants of seven llama-derived nanobodies (as noted above, nanobody 110 does not bind at all), and ten synthetic nanobodies. Table 2 Affinity constants less than 100 nM are representative of strong binding; this is the case for the following nanobodies: I3, I5, I7, H4 and H10.
- Figure 2 presents the results of the determination of the PCPE-1 regions recognized by the antibodies. Competition experiments by co-injection of nanobodies with the CUB1 or CUB2 domain of PCPE-1 were carried out (Fig. 2A). When mixed with CUB2, nanobodies I3, I5 and I7 were found to be unable to bind to PCPE-1, whereas the co-injection with CUB1 has almost no effect, indicating that these nanobodies mainly interact with the CUB2 domain of PCPE-1. On the contrary, the interaction of synthetic nanobodies H4 and H10 with PCPE-1 is prevented by co-injection with CUB1 and not with CUB2, indicating that they interact with the CUB1 domain.
- PCPE-2 is a protein in the same family as PCPE-1, with an amino acid sequence that is 43% identical. It shares certain activities with PCPE-1, but also has very different specific functions.
- the affinity of VHH-I5 and -H4 for PCPE-1 is therefore at least 250 times stronger than for PCPE-2.
- Example 3 Inhibitory antagonistic effects on PCPE-1 of the nanobodies according to the invention
- Figure 3 presents the results of the inhibitory effect of the nanobodies according to the invention on the activity of PCPE-1.
- the activity of PCPE-1 occurs through its direct interaction with C- TJ propeptides of procollagens.
- the nanobodies were capable of preventing the attachment of PCPE-1 to a mini-procollagen III (Mini III, composed of the C-terminal domains of procollagen III: end of the triple helix, C-telopeptide and C- propeptide) using SPR competition experiments.
- VHH-H4, -H10 and VHH-I5 are the most effective, with 50 to 75% inhibition at 250 nM.
- VHH-H4 if complete inhibition is achieved at high concentration for VHH-H4, the addition of VHH-I5 alone does not completely block the PCPE-1/Mini III interaction, although the inhibition is total. when VHH-H4 and VHH-I5 are combined.
- CPH l-Long (a model substrate of procollagen III) is cleaved by incubation with the protease BMP-1 and this cleavage is increased in the presence of PCPE-1 (Fig. 3B, 2.4-fold increase under these conditions).
- the addition of VHH-11, VHH-I2, VHH-I4 or VHH-111 has very little effect on the activity of PCPE-1.
- VHH-I3, VHH-I5, VHH-I7, VHH-H4 or VHH-H10 leads to a 25 to 45% reduction in activation, and this is completely inhibited by simultaneous use of VHH-I5 and VHH-H4.
- the basal activity of BMP-1 does not seem to be modified by the presence of VHHs, despite the fact that BMP-1 also contains three CUB domains.
- nanobodies were evaluated in a cellular assay for their ability to modulate procollagen I cleavage.
- rat heart fibroblasts were treated with recombinant human PCPE-1 protein (Fig. 3C,D).
- the addition of PCPE-1 to the medium increases the release of the C-propeptide of procollagen I by a factor of approximately 2.5 on average.
- the presence of VHH-I5 and VHH-H4 inhibits the effect of PCPE-1 (by approximately 40%), as shown by the decrease in C-propeptide (Fig. 3C).
- joint treatment with VHH-I5 and VHH-H4 completely blocks the effect of exogenous PCPE-1, with a return to the basal quantity of C-propeptide released.
- treatment of cells with VHHs alone in the absence of added PCPE-1) has no effect on the release of C-propeptide. All these results suggest that the selected ligands are potent antagonists of PCPE-1, capable of blocking the stimulation of C-terminal maturation of procollagens by PCPE-1.
- Example 4 Construction and characterization of a diabody (divalent nanobody)
- Figure 4 presents the results obtained for the diab-D1 diabody of SEQ ID NO. 21, produced in bacteria.
- diab-D1 had more potent antagonistic power than the nanobodies used individually (Fig. 4B).
- the IC50 calculated for diab-D1 is estimated at 3.5 nM, it is significantly lower than that of VHH-I5 and VHH-H4 alone or co-injected (5 to 13-fold) under the same conditions.
- the addition of diab-D1 completely blocks the stimulation of CPH I -Long cleavage by PCPE-1 (Fig. 4C).
- the diabody diab-D1 is also capable of blocking the activity of PCPE-1 on other fibrillar collagens. Indeed, the addition of diab-D1 inhibits the activation of the cleavage of Miniprocollagen I (Mini I) and II (Mini II) by PCPE-1 as illustrated in Figure 4D.
- diab-D1 In cell culture (Fig. 4E, 4F), diab-D1 is able to completely block the effect of the addition of PCPE-1 on the cleavage of endogenous procollagen I by rat heart fibroblasts. On the other hand, and unlike individual VHHs, the diabody also inhibits the cleavage of the C-propeptide in the absence of added PCPE-1.
- the diabody also inhibits the cleavage of procollagen I produced by human skin fibroblasts, whether in the basal state or in “fibrotic” conditions mimicked by TGF-beta stimulation, or in the presence of added exogenous PCPE-1. .
- FIGS 4G and 4H show immunodetection of procollagen I and its C-terminal cleavage products in the culture medium of human skin fibroblasts, after 72 hours of culture in the absence or presence of PCPE-1 , TGF-beta and diab-D1.
- Other measurements were carried out by immunofluorescence on human fibroblasts in culture (results not shown). It was found that the matrix deposited by the cells is also affected, since the addition of diab-D1 leads to a decrease in collagen deposition detected by immunofluorescence.
- Example 5 Nanobody coupled to a detectable marker
- Nanobodies containing the LPETG sequence were coupled to biotin using Sortase as described above.
- the nanobodies thus coupled can be fixed on streptavidin, allowing the detection of PCPE1 in a complex mixture, by SPR, ELIS ⁇ or Western Blot.
- Figure 5A represents the SPR study of the interaction of PCPE-1 with the biotinylated H4 nanobody, captured on a chip coupled to streptavidin.
- Figure 5B shows the detection of PCPE-1 using a sandwich ELIS ⁇ .
- the sample containing PCPE-1 is captured by an anti-PCPE-1 antibody.
- biotinylated VHH-I5 allows its detection, via the use of streptavidin coupled to HRP or to a fluorophore such as Alexafluor488.
- the method is very sensitive and can easily detect 0-1 ng of PCPE-1. We can thus determine the quantity of PCPE-1 present in human plasma, which is approximately 510 ⁇ 70 ng/ml.
- PCPE-1 can be detected by ELIS ⁇ sandwiched between H4 and I5.
- the nanobodies were also coupled to a radioactive label, NODAGA-Ga 68 .
- VHH-H4 was first bioconjugated with NODAGA, then labeled with galium 68 according to the procedure described in (Renard, 2020).
- the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the nanobody were then evaluated in rats after intravenous injection of 25 pg (12 MBq) of H4-Ga 68 , in order to determine the elimination routes and areas of accumulation of the molecule.
- the H4-Ga 68 nanobody can also be used to detect PCPE-1 on tissue sections and detection by phosphorimager: see Figure 6C.
- PCPE-1 Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1
- PCPE-1 Procollagen C-Proteinase Enhancer 1
- Needleman SB Wunsch CD. A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins. J Mol Biol. 1970 Mar;48(3):443-53. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90057-4. PMID: 5420325.
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| FR2202379A FR3133609A1 (fr) | 2022-03-17 | 2022-03-17 | Ligands spécifiques de la glycoprotéine PCPE-1 et leurs utilisations |
| PCT/FR2023/050369 WO2023175277A1 (fr) | 2022-03-17 | 2023-03-16 | Ligands spécifiques de la glycoprotéine pcpe-1 et leurs utilisations |
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