EP4473797B1 - System und elektrisches heizgitter - Google Patents

System und elektrisches heizgitter

Info

Publication number
EP4473797B1
EP4473797B1 EP22706260.1A EP22706260A EP4473797B1 EP 4473797 B1 EP4473797 B1 EP 4473797B1 EP 22706260 A EP22706260 A EP 22706260A EP 4473797 B1 EP4473797 B1 EP 4473797B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wires
lattice
power supply
underground
electric heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22706260.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4473797A1 (de
Inventor
Sam SPEIJERS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heattalent Co BV
Original Assignee
Heattalent Co BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heattalent Co BV filed Critical Heattalent Co BV
Priority to PL22706260.1T priority Critical patent/PL4473797T3/pl
Publication of EP4473797A1 publication Critical patent/EP4473797A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4473797B1 publication Critical patent/EP4473797B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system comprising an electric heating lattice, and to the use of such a system having an electric heating lattice buried underground.
  • a spreading of heat along the transverse web plane promotes a uniform distribution of heat from the directly electrically heated first bare wires and from the indirectly, through thermal conduction, heated second bare wires to the surrounding of the web.
  • this surrounding may be air or water to be heated which is flowing through the openings of some air or water treatment system. If the lattice is buried in an underground it will be the underground which is uniformly and homogenously heated. In general the occurrence of significant temperature gradients in the lattice is prevented in an easy and cost effective way, also because bare wires are applied.
  • At least said first bare wires which are composed of an electric resistance steel alloy are arranged side by side in an average wire density between 2-4 wires per centimetre.
  • An average wire density which is less than 2 wires/cm on average results in currents through the first wires which are generally too high and consequently the temperature gradients are too high, thus negatively influencing the application area of the system because the growth of roots and/or plants and/or grasses in and on the surface as well as bottom life in the underground will be influenced negatively.
  • More than an average of 4 wires per centimetre makes the lattice expensive, heavy to transport and not easy to position and handle in the field.
  • An average first wire density of 3 wires/cm is often preferred in practise.
  • the choice of the average first wire density is also important in relation to the particular boundaries of officially prescribed maximum allowable power, voltages as well as currents and the way wherein these requirements can be met in optimum embodiments of the system concerned. Keeping these power parameters in the lattice within prescribed boundary conditions and nevertheless generating enough but not too much uniform heat in said plane is proven a real challenge solved by the system according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an electric heating lattice 1 which is embodied here as a web or weave comprising a first type of mutually spaced longitudinal wires 2 and a second type of transverse/cross wires 3, being arranged transverse to the first type of wires 2.
  • Both types of wires 2, 3 are made of a generally metallic alloy, possibly the same alloy for reasons of cost-price or for easy of production.
  • the first type of wires 2 are made of an electric resistance alloy chosen to have a certain specific resistance, and the second type of wires 3 at least thermally conductive.
  • the first type of resistance alloy wires 2 comprises at least one and generally a composition out of the mainly metallic group containing: iron, steel, chrome, nickel, copper and carbon.
  • the group constituents may be chosen to result for example in constantan or stainless steel which are among the many other alloys easy to manufacture and readily available. Stainless steel is preferred due to its durability and rust resistance. Stainless steel 316 has the appropriate specific resistance. It is preferred that the wires 2, 3 are made of an alloy which is easy to weave to form a lattice or web. And at least the first to be electrically powered wires 2 should have the specific resistance and diameter that a wanted sufficient amount of heat per unit area can be developed. In general the amount of heat generated in said first wires meant for heating 1 m 2 ground area is between 50 and 150 Watt on average.
  • 100 Watt/m 2 on average is a maximum for application of lattices in agricultural or sports grounds, which is due to the fact that more heat would be detrimental to underground microbiological life and insect life in the underground and the growth of plants, crops, grasses and the like on the surface of the underground.
  • the lattice 1 can be buried in an underground 7 of for example a playing ground, an agricultural ground or a sporting ground such as a football field, or the lattice is provided in or under a road, pavement, floor, wall, ceiling, runway, airfield, approach, drive or ramp or the like.
  • the electric resistance alloy of at least the first type of wires 2 is a raw, that is not isolated alloy.
  • the outer surface of the raw alloy is bare or untreated that is unprocessed or uncoated which promotes heat delivery by the wires 2 to a surrounding with a high efficiency.
  • openings 6 therein -to be elucidated hereinafter- serve to allow water and/or air to pass.
  • it is preferred to use stainless steel 316L as alloy for the first and second wires 2, 3 as this alloy given its lower amount of carbon provides an even better resistance against rust and other mostly chemical substances present in soil.
  • the lattice 1 can be used to heat water or air passing through the openings 6 in the lattice such as in water and/or air systems for heating or treatment.
  • the diameter and total weight of the lattice 1 has to lie within manageable boundaries in order to position the strips easily and to develop a sufficient amount of heat in the electrically powered wires 2.
  • several consecutive individual lattice strip configurations are necessary to cover a whole field or underground. For example for a European football field the use of some 55-65 lattice systems as shown in fig. 1 are required.
  • the wires 2, 3 elucidated in the lattice mesh detail of fig. 1 make at least thermal contact at nodes 5 which are made by generally welding the metallic alloys for example in a continuous electric welding process. Also spot welding is an alternative.
  • the process allows the manufacturing of a normally regular web of longitudinal wires 2 and transverse wires 3 which are welded at the nodes 5. If the lattice web is regular four neighbouring spots on 2x2 neighbouring wires 2, 3 surround an opening 6 which is rectangular or preferably square in shape. If squared as shown in the detail of fig. 1 the lattice 1 has a fully regular pattern resulting in a very uniform heat distribution in both the lattice web plane and in height and thus also in ground, soil and underground material.
  • the first type of mutually spaced wires 2 and/or the second type of transverse wires 3 may simply cross each other at nodes 5 or they may alternatively cross over and under each other at consecutive and neighbouring nodes 5 as shown in the detail of fig. 1 . In the latter case the mechanical stability of the woven lattice 1 improves at the cost of a slightly more complex manufacturing and handling thereof.
  • Both types of wires 2, 3 may have equal cross sections, which in practice will be sufficient to allow heat to be spread out more evenly and homogeneously via the nodes 5 along the at least thermally conductive cross wires 3 too. E.g. such equal wire type cross sections doubles the total heat radiating outer surfaces of the wires 2, 3 while only the wires 2 have to be electrically powered.
  • the amount of heat developed in the first wires 2 i.e. also depends on the diameter of the first wires 2 which is chosen between 0.5 mm and 1 mm, in particular 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm. In a layout of a 3 wire/cm density the preferred diameter of at least the first wires 2 is 0.7 mm if stainless steel 316L is used for these wires 2 to provide the wanted generally controllable amount of electrical heat.
  • a complete system 1, 8 for heating for example a football field may have several power supplies whose provided powers are each galvanically separated from earth.
  • Stabile and accurate control of current to the lattice-strips can take place by measuring the total current delivered to power distributors 9 and by feeding back a total current related control signal via the microcontroller ⁇ to the associated control input 8-1 of the power supply 8 concerned.
  • the wire ends 2-1, 2-2 of the wires 2 are connected electrically to the power distributors 9. This may be achieved by means of arranging these distributors as parts which clamp the wire ends or as an alternative the power distributors may have longitudinal and/or transverse hollows 10 meant to clamp or cast therein the wire ends 2-1 and 2-2 respectively. This minimises contact resistances and heat generated locally therein, as substantial currents will flow through each lattice 1. This also results in precise lengths and resistance values along the lattice strips 4, which promotes an even and balanced heat generation over the length and width of the strips.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 also shows how the power distributors 9 are via electric terminals A and B connected to the power supply 8 of fig. 2.
  • Fig. 1 also shows how lattice strips meander from a left distributor 9 at terminal A to the right to a prolonged distributor 9 and then back to a further left distributor 9 to terminal B in order to make contact at terminals A and B which are preferably powered on one side of the underground only.
  • the distributors are outlined to conduct currents of hundreds of amperes.
  • the electric power supply 8 will have a rectifier circuit which may be arranged with microprocessor controlled semiconductors to control the DC current for the first type wires 2 in a way known per se.
  • DC control is relatively simple in terms of required hardware if duty cycle and/or amplitude of the then block shaped current is controlled.
  • the power supply 8 may be connected to solar panels and/or electric wind mills for providing auxiliary electric power.
  • Solar panels advantageously generate DC power in which case convertors become superfluous if connected to a DC system 1.
  • lattice widths and spacing between neighbouring strips of lattice may be chosen to save material costs, without jeopardising the requirements concerning the minimum and maximum wanted power per square metre.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. System (1; 8), umfassend:
    a) ein elektrisches Heizgitter (1), umfassend erste gegenseitig beabstandete wärmeleitende Drähte (2) mit Drahtenden (2-1) und zweite gegenseitig beabstandete wärmeleitende Drähte (3), wobei sowohl die ersten (2) als auch die zweiten Drähte (2, 3) blanke Drähte sind, die quer zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei zwischen den ersten (2) und den zweiten Drähten (3) Öffnungen (6) belassen werden, die so dimensioniert sind, dass Wasser und/oder Luft hindurchtreten kann;
    wobei die ersten Drähte (2) und die zweiten Drähte (3), die aus einem elektrischen Widerstandsstahl gebildet sind, an Knotenpunkten (5) thermischen Kontakt herstellen, so dass sich die Wärme, die in den ersten Drähten (2) entwickelt werden soll, quer über die Knotenpunkte (5) durch die zweiten Drähte (3) ausbreitet, und
    b) eine elektrische Energieversorgung (8) mit Energieverteilern (9), die zwischen die elektrische Energieversorgung (8) und die Drahtenden (2-1) der ersten Drähte (2) des elektrischen Heizgitters (1) geschaltet werden sollen, wobei die Wärmemenge, die in den ersten Drähten (2) entwickelt wird, die zum Erwärmen des umgebenden Bodenbereichs bestimmt ist, im Durchschnitt zwischen 50-150 Watt/m2 liegt, abhängig von der Anwendung des elektrischen Heizgitters (1) in verschiedenen Arten von Feldern, Böden oder Untergründen (7), wie etwa Bauuntergründen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - mindestens die ersten Drähte (2) in einer Drahtdichte von 2-4 Drähten/cm, vorzugsweise durchschnittlich 3 Drähten/cm, nebeneinander angeordnet sind,
    - der Durchmesser mindestens der ersten Drähte (2) zwischen 0,6 mm und 0,8 mm liegt, und
    - sowohl der erste (1) als auch der zweite Draht (2) aus der gleichen elektrischen Widerstandsstahllegierung ausgebildet sind, die aus Edelstahl 316L mit verringertem Kohlenstoffgehalt gebildet ist.
  2. System (1; 8) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die elektrische Energieversorgung (8) eine Wechselstrom- oder Gleichstrom Energieversorgung mit einem Steuereingang (8-1) ist, der so angeordnet ist, dass er die Menge des Wechsel- oder Gleichstroms Energie steuert, die an die ersten Drähte (2) abgegeben wird, und dass das System Folgendes umfasst:
    einen programmierbaren Mikroprozessor (u), der mit dem Steuereingang (8-1) der Wechselstrom- oder Gleichstrom Energieversorgung zum programmbierbaren Steuern der Menge des Wechsel- oder Gleichstroms Energie verbunden ist, die an die ersten Drähte (2) abgegeben wird, und
    Temperaturmessmittel (T), die so angeordnet sind, dass sie Temperaturen in, auf und/oder um einen Untergrund (7) messen, in dem das elektrische Heizgitter (1) verlegt werden soll, wobei die Temperaturmessmittel (T) mit dem Mikroprozessor (µ) gekoppelt sind, der so programmiert ist, dass er in Abhängigkeit von den gemessenen Temperaturen die Temperatur des Untergrunds (7) und/oder seiner Oberfläche durch Steuern des abgegebenen Wechsel- oder Gleichstroms Energie steuert.
  3. System (1; 8) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Energieverteiler (9) der Energieversorgung (8) als Klemmteile angeordnet sind, um die Drahtenden (2-1, 2-2) der ersten Drähte (2) einzuklemmen, und/oder mit Längs- und/oder Quervertiefungen (10) angeordnet sind, die dazu bestimmt sind, die Drahtenden (2-1, 2-2) der ersten Drähte (2) darin hinein zu Gießen.
  4. System (1; 8) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Energieversorgung (8) im Falle einer Wechselstrom Energieversorgung so angeordnet ist, dass sie eine maximale Wechselstromausgangsspannung von etwa 50 Volt bereitstellt, und im Falle einer Gleichstrom Energieversorgung so angeordnet ist, dass sie eine maximale Gleichstromausgangsspannung von etwa 100 Volt bereitstellt.
  5. System (1; 8) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das elektrische Heizgitter (1) ein gewebtes rostbeständig Drahtgeflecht ausbildet, dessen Öffnungen (6) 2,5 mm x 2,5 mm groß sind.
  6. Verwendung eines Systems (1; 8) nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, wobei das elektrische Heizgitter (1) in oder unter einem Untergrund (7) eines der folgenden Bereiche verlegt ist: einem Spielplatz; einem landwirtschaftlichen Boden; einem Sportplatz, wie etwa beispielsweise einem Fußballfeld; oder in oder unter einem anderen Boden oder Baugrund, beispielsweise einer Straße; einem Bürgersteig, einem Fussboden, einer Wand, einer Decke, einem Flugplatz, einer Landebahn, einer Einfahrt, einer Zufahrt, einer Rampe oder dergleichen.
  7. Verwendung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Drähte (2) des elektrischen Heizgitters (1) in einem oder mehreren Gitterstreifen (4) zwischen einer Seite und einer gegenüberliegenden Seite des Feldes, des Bodens oder des Untergrunds und dann zurück zu dieser einen Seite mäandern, wobei zwischen dem Gitterstreifen (4) ein Raum (11) verbleibt, der nicht mit dem Gitter (1) bereitgestellt ist.
  8. Verwendung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmemenge, die durch das elektrische Heizgitter (1) entwickelt wird, das in dem Untergrund verlegt werden soll, derart ist, dass durchschnittlich etwa 100 Watt/m2 an den umgebenden Untergrund abgegeben wird, der vom Typ ist der beispielsweise zum Beheizen von oberen Bodenschichten bestimmt ist, deren Oberfläche für Sportplätze und/oder für landwirtschaftliche Flächen, wie etwa zum Anbauen von Gras, Pflanzen, Getreide, Kräutern, Gemüse und dergleichen, bereitgestellt ist.
EP22706260.1A 2022-02-01 2022-02-01 System und elektrisches heizgitter Active EP4473797B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL22706260.1T PL4473797T3 (pl) 2022-02-01 2022-02-01 Układ i elektryczna kratka grzewcza

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2022/052284 WO2023147836A1 (en) 2022-02-01 2022-02-01 System and electric heating lattice

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4473797A1 EP4473797A1 (de) 2024-12-11
EP4473797B1 true EP4473797B1 (de) 2025-12-10

Family

ID=80461776

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22706260.1A Active EP4473797B1 (de) 2022-02-01 2022-02-01 System und elektrisches heizgitter

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4473797B1 (de)
DK (1) DK4473797T3 (de)
FI (1) FI4473797T3 (de)
PL (1) PL4473797T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2023147836A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2533409A (en) * 1947-01-28 1950-12-12 Reuben S Tice Electrical heating system
NZ247713A (en) * 1993-05-26 1997-12-19 Nicholas Everard Ashby Barber Wire mesh heating element for floors comprising a plurality of physically and electrically connected longitudinal and crosswise wires
CA3120003A1 (en) * 2018-11-15 2020-05-22 Universite Laval Systems and method for heating a concrete slab and for preventing accumulation of meltable precipitation thereon
IL295018B2 (en) * 2020-01-28 2026-01-01 Philip Morris Products Sa Heating element with heat-conducting wires and wicks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK4473797T3 (da) 2026-02-23
PL4473797T3 (pl) 2026-04-13
EP4473797A1 (de) 2024-12-11
FI4473797T3 (fi) 2026-02-18
WO2023147836A1 (en) 2023-08-10

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