EP4470092A1 - Leitungselement mit effizient herstellbarer isolation - Google Patents
Leitungselement mit effizient herstellbarer isolationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4470092A1 EP4470092A1 EP23713329.3A EP23713329A EP4470092A1 EP 4470092 A1 EP4470092 A1 EP 4470092A1 EP 23713329 A EP23713329 A EP 23713329A EP 4470092 A1 EP4470092 A1 EP 4470092A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder coating
- insulation
- line element
- uncrosslinked
- coating formulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
- H02K3/40—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/03—Powdery paints
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/10—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances metallic oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/10—Applying solid insulation to windings, stators or rotors, e.g. applying insulating tapes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/12—Impregnating, moulding insulation, heating or drying of windings, stators, rotors or machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
- H02K3/38—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation around winding heads, equalising connectors, or connections thereto
Definitions
- the invention relates to a line element such as a winding head and/or a copper flat wire of an electrical rotating machine, in particular an electric motor, traction motor and/or generator, with insulation that can be produced efficiently.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing insulation for such a line element.
- Electric rotating machines in the medium and high voltage range such as electric motors and electric generators are known. These machines are characterized by a variety of different designs and areas of application. They are used in all areas of technology, industry, everyday life, transport, medicine and other areas.
- the power range of electrical machines extends from orders of magnitude below one microwatt z. B. in microsystem technology up to over a gigawatt, i.e. a thousand times a million watts, such as in the power plant sector. In between lies the medium-voltage application with traction and drive motors in the vehicle sector, rail vehicle sector, etc.
- Line elements such as winding heads, copper flat wires in hairpin technology and/or wire coils through which electrical current flows.
- Electrical machines have insulation systems for the electrical insulation of the line elements through which current flows from one another and from the external environment.
- Electric rotating machines e.g. B. Electric motors and generators with a rated voltage of 700 V or more include a rotor surrounded by the stator.
- the stator has a laminated core in which there are grooves into which the electrical conduction elements are inserted in the form of coils or as individual rods that are welded or soldered into coils. Two corresponding individual rods can be used soldered together to form a coil.
- the electrical sub-conductors are insulated from each other in the coil, the coil is additionally provided with a main insulation made of mica-containing insulating tapes and finally, depending on the voltage level, optionally provided with a conductive corona protection, in particular an outer and/or end corona protection, so that the surface of the Coil is at the same potential as the laminated core.
- This structure is also called an "ordered" winding, in contrast to electrical rotating machines with wires in a "wild" winding, which usually relate to electrical rotating machines with a rated voltage of less than 700 volts.
- coils made of partial conductors that are insulated from one another, for example via winding and/or wire enamel. These are formed from blanks, such as a coil fish, by pulling and twisting so that they can be inserted into the grooves of a stator base body, i.e. into the laminated core of the electric motor.
- the coils are connected to each other via so-called winding heads and contacted via appropriate connections.
- the current-carrying coils are insulated from each other, from the laminated core and finally from the environment by an insulation system.
- the insulation system regularly includes the main insulation, which represents a pure insulator, and the corona protection system, which includes the components external corona protection and/or end corona protection, with a corona protection system also showing a low electrical conductivity for better partial discharge resistance.
- the live coil is largely isolated from the grounded laminated core by the main insulation made of polymer-based materials. In order to get maximum performance out of the machine, it is operated at the highest possible current density. operated, which also results in significant losses in the form of heat.
- the maximum normal operating temperature is approx. 155°C.
- 155°C For these operating temperatures, it is known to use an insulation system made of mica tape and epoxy-based thermoset plastics. The motor is designed so that the maximum heating - including the insulation - does not or only slightly exceeds 155°C.
- the insulation system is subjected to greater thermal stress, at least briefly to over 200°C.
- insulation systems with materials based on mAramid and polyetherimide are used.
- main insulation and corona protection such as external corona protection AGS and end corona protection EGS
- EGS end corona protection
- the other parts cannot be applied fully automatically either because the number of pieces does not make automation economical and/or the risk of air pockets in the folds of the wrapping tapes does not guarantee the quality required during winding.
- the tapes that are wound usually have glued mica plates, which serve in the insulation to extend the erosion path in the insulation system, i.e. the direct path from the voltage side, the line elements, to the grounded laminated core, which results in a significantly longer service life of an insulation system .
- the winding head is insulated with the same insulation tape that is used in the groove of the active part.
- the winding head is impregnated with the same wrapping tape and soaking resin and then cured as the active part.
- Winding the winding head is time-consuming and therefore also cost-intensive.
- the previously required impregnation process with impregnation resin is also time-consuming and cost-intensive.
- the field strengths present in the winding head during operation are many times lower than in the active part and are less than 500V/mm in the wound insulation itself. No partial discharges can occur during operation. Nevertheless, according to the prior art, the winding head is insulated like the active part because separating the insulation production between the active part and the winding head would be much more complex.
- Winding head insulation in particular ensures the dielectric barrier and prevents phase flashover and/or a ground fault from occurring in the event of contamination. Accordingly, the winding head insulation does not need increased resistance to partial discharges, but does generally have a certain minimum dielectric strength. This applies especially to traction machines with a temperature resistance of the insulation of greater than 200 ° C, which corresponds to heat class 200.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to create a winding head insulation that, firstly, can be applied automatically and, secondly, is still stable at operating temperatures above 155 ° C, in particular up to 200 ° C or 220 ° C, and has the required dielectric strength shows and thus acts as a dielectric barrier on the winding head and prevents a phase flashover and/or a ground fault in the event of contamination.
- the subject of the invention is a line element such as a winding head and / or a copper flat wire of an electrical rotating machine with a rated voltage greater than 700 volts with powder paint insulation
- the powder paint formulation for producing the powder paint insulation being at least two uncrosslinked, at room temperature -RT - under normal conditions, i.e. at approx. 20 ° C solid plastic components include at least a first, uncrosslinked polyimide-containing, in particular a bis-maleimide, plastic component and a second, uncrosslinked epoxy-containing plastic component, which is in the powder coating formulation in a mixing ratio of 99: 1 up to 1:99 are included.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing insulation of a line element, such as a winding head and/or a flat copper wire, comprising the following method steps:
- the subject of the invention is an electrical rotating machine with a rated voltage greater than 700 volts, in which the insulation of the active part is different in terms of material to the insulation of the winding head.
- hairpin technology which is a modern winding technology for stators in electrical machines
- new methods are being tried out to replace mica tape insulation in the active part.
- a copper flat wire with typical hairpin geometry is inserted into the grooves of the laminated core in a forming-based assembly process. It is possible to insulate the coil sides intended for the active part, which are part of the hairpin geometry, by, for example, injection molding with partial discharge-resistant material, in particular also containing siloxane, and then to provide the winding head produced after insertion into the slots with a dielectric-resistant material , but to provide less or no partial discharge-resistant insulation.
- the general finding of the invention is therefore that the insulation of a line element, such as the winding head insulation and/or the insulation of a copper flat wire, can be produced quickly and automatically, for example using corona and/or tribo and/or fluidized bed processes, by powder coating with a duromer powder coating formulation is .
- thermoset powder coating One or both winding heads of electrically rotating machines, motors and generators, are insulated with a thermoset powder coating. For example, this is done using Corona and/or tribo and/or fluidized bed process, automated, applied.
- the partial conductors of the coils are first coated with partial conductor insulation.
- the partial conductor insulation can be a wire enamel or a wound insulation.
- the pulled coil e.g. B. the wound or the hairpin geometry, or the undrawn coil is isolated in some way in the active part, for example by individual coil production and/or by injection molding of the active part and/or by powder painting. Then all coils are inserted and e.g. B. glued into the groove using a kit or groove adhesive and connected to each other.
- the result for example, is an electrical rotating machine using hairpin technology, in which the active part insulation can be produced by injection molding and the winding head insulation can be produced by powder coating according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the uncrosslinked powder coating formulation can be prepared simply by weighing and mixing, whereby the powder coating melts, degasses and/or is crosslinked onto the substrate, the coil or the coil part. After powder coating and obtaining a solid film, it is cured and cured at elevated temperature.
- the powder coating formulation is sprayed onto an electrically conductive workpiece.
- a so-called spray element for example the spray gun
- the swirling powder is formed into a defined spray jet and at the same time electrostatically charged, with different charging methods being possible for the method applicable here.
- the powder particles of the powder coating formulation are charged by the accumulation of free air ions, which are generated in the spray element by means of one or more live corona electrodes.
- a negative voltage is chosen because the corona has a higher current and is more stable and the back-spray effects on the workpiece surface occur to a lesser extent.
- the powder particles of the powder coating formulation are charged exclusively by friction-electric processes as they flow through a plastic channel in the spray element, for example in the spray gun, i.e. without a voltage generator.
- the powder particles are positively charged.
- the powder paint can contain all the components of a normal wet paint apart from the solvents and - depending on the plastic component composition - can be used at higher temperatures, e.g. B. above 100 ° C, in particular above 120 ° C, forms a closed film and then gels and hardens.
- powder coating Compared to wet painting, powder coating has some advantages from a cost and/or environmental perspective: - Solvent-free coating material and minimal emissions,
- powder coating can also be carried out using a vortex sintering process.
- a powder bath made of moving air, in particular air flow, and the fluidized powder coating formulation is provided and a heated substrate is placed in this powder bath - e.g. B. even just a few seconds - immersed.
- the powder sinters and then fuses and/or crosslinks to form a smooth plastic layer.
- final insulation of the winding heads can be carried out by fluidized bed sintering at approx. 200 ° C.
- one or more first polyimide-containing plastic component (s) and one or more second epoxy-containing plastic component (s) are present in the powder coating formulation.
- a “polyimide” in solid but uncrosslinked powder coating is a monomer or oligomer of a plastic that has a “polyimide group”. This generally refers to a compound with a unit as shown in structural formula I:
- the polyimide group is circled.
- R2 can be equal to or different from R3 and can represent any organic molecular unit that is sterically possible on a C5 pentagon. It has been found that a bismalein polyimide in particular can be used advantageously as a polyimide component because a) it can be easily processed as a powder coating component in combination with the epoxy component and b) bismaleimide, in particular the species of this compound class shown below hardens to a polyimide that has the required dielectric strength.
- the uncrosslinked polyimide is mixed with an uncrosslinked solid plastic component containing epoxy, which is contained in the powder coating formulation in a mixing ratio of 99:1 to 1:99.
- the Ver- Mixing with a solid epoxy-containing plastic component also serves, among other things, to improve the mechanical properties and flow properties of the powder coating formulation in the coating process.
- epoxy resin Any synthetic resin that carries an epoxy group is referred to as an “epoxy resin” or “epoxy-containing uncrosslinked plastic component”.
- R can be any carbon-based molecular framework.
- R can also include other epoxy groups, in particular terminal epoxide groups, which are suitable for crosslinking.
- thermoset powder coating formulation in addition to the two uncrosslinked, solid polyimide-containing and epoxy-containing plastic components.
- the two plastic components are heated through the use of temperature, e.g. B. in the form of convection and/or radiation energy, melted and then hardened in a crosslinking reaction.
- temperature e.g. B. in the form of convection and/or radiation energy
- This layer can be created in one or more layers by powder coating.
- the formulation further comprises fillers, in particular spherically shaped and/or irregularly shaped fillers.
- the fillers can be crystalline and/or amorphous.
- the fillers are preferably based on silicon dioxide, for example they contain quartz material, quartz powder and/or quartz glass.
- the dielectric strength of the sprayable powder coating formulation can be increased by adding fillers, in particular mineral or/also synthetic fillers, such as quartz powder, quartz material, glass powder, in a mass fraction of, for example, 5% by weight to 65% by weight, in particular 10 % by weight to 60% by weight and particularly advantageously from 10% by weight to 55% by weight.
- fillers in particular mineral or/also synthetic fillers, such as quartz powder, quartz material, glass powder, in a mass fraction of, for example, 5% by weight to 65% by weight, in particular 10 % by weight to 60% by weight and particularly advantageously from 10% by weight to 55% by weight.
- the powder coating proposed here is ideal for automated implementation despite high dielectric strength without mica particles.
- the powder coating formulation present at room temperature as a powder of solids also comprises fillers, in particular present in several fractions, as well as sintering aids and/or additives.
- one or more additives can be contained in the powder coating formulation.
- additives can be included to improve processability.
- additives can be included to increase the stability of the insulation system.
- one or more metal oxides such as e.g. B. TiO 2 and/or those with one of the following molecular formulas Na8Al 6 Si6O24S4 and/or Na6Al 6 Si6O24S2.
- Further additives can be Fe2O3 and/or MnFe2Ü4 and/or electrically non-conductive Carbon based fillers, such as carbon black. If necessary, the additive particles can be provided with a SiCt coating partially or completely, over the entire surface or over part of the surface.
- additives are particularly oxidation-inhibiting, so that the heat class or temperature index of a powder coating produced with them can be further increased.
- Additives are mixed in, for example, during the production of the powder coating formulation.
- Other additives, flow aids, color pigments, quartz particles and more can be mixed into the powder coating formulation.
- the proportion of additive in the powder coating is, for example, in the range between 0.05 and 10% by weight, in particular in the range between 0.05 and 2% by weight and particularly preferably in the range between 0.1 and 1% by weight.
- the powder coating disclosed here for producing the insulation of a line element of an electrical rotating machine with a rated voltage greater than 700 volts makes it possible to save the expensive and complex VPI process, which has so far been predominantly used to insulate the active part and the winding head. This makes it possible to dispense with conventional mica tapes and to automatically insulate the active part and winding head with appropriate insulation material.
- insulating the winding head can be realized significantly faster and more cost-effectively than in comparison to the state of the art.
- the level of automation in the production of an electric rotating machine will be significantly higher.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022202880.5A DE102022202880A1 (de) | 2022-03-24 | 2022-03-24 | Pulverlackformulierung zur Isolation des Wickelkopfes einer elektrischen rotierenden Maschine |
| PCT/EP2023/056776 WO2023180175A1 (de) | 2022-03-24 | 2023-03-16 | Leitungselement mit effizient herstellbarer isolation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4470092A1 true EP4470092A1 (de) | 2024-12-04 |
Family
ID=85772670
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23713329.3A Pending EP4470092A1 (de) | 2022-03-24 | 2023-03-16 | Leitungselement mit effizient herstellbarer isolation |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250202307A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4470092A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118901180A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022202880A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023180175A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH621810A5 (de) | 1976-06-17 | 1981-02-27 | Ciba Geigy Ag | |
| JPS59144344A (ja) * | 1983-02-04 | 1984-08-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 回転電機のコイル絶縁方法 |
| JPS6142246A (ja) * | 1984-08-06 | 1986-02-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 回転電機のコイル絶縁方法 |
| JPH0822948B2 (ja) * | 1985-09-05 | 1996-03-06 | ソマ−ル株式会社 | 硬化性粉体組成物 |
| JP2669247B2 (ja) | 1992-02-13 | 1997-10-27 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 熱硬化性樹脂組成物 |
| JP3689492B2 (ja) | 1996-05-30 | 2005-08-31 | 日東シンコー株式会社 | モーターステーター及びその製造方法 |
| JP6602563B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-11 | 2019-11-06 | ソマール株式会社 | 粉体塗料 |
| US10790731B2 (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2020-09-29 | General Electric Company | Methods of depositing coatings on electrical machine components |
| CN111117474A (zh) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-08 | 江阴市玲珑高分子材料有限公司 | 一种热固性负离子粉末涂料 |
| DE102020211111A1 (de) | 2020-09-03 | 2022-03-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Pulverlack-Formulierung für ein Isolationssystem einer elektrischen Maschine, elektrische Maschine mit einem solchen Isolationssystem und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Isolationssystems |
| DE102021201666A1 (de) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Nutisolationssystem für eine elektrische rotierende Maschine, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Nutisolationssystems |
| EP4046773A1 (de) | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Isolationssystem für elektrische rotierende maschinen, herstellungsverfahren dazu sowie pulverlackbeschichtung |
-
2022
- 2022-03-24 DE DE102022202880.5A patent/DE102022202880A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2023
- 2023-03-16 WO PCT/EP2023/056776 patent/WO2023180175A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-16 EP EP23713329.3A patent/EP4470092A1/de active Pending
- 2023-03-16 US US18/849,945 patent/US20250202307A1/en active Pending
- 2023-03-16 CN CN202380029174.8A patent/CN118901180A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023180175A1 (de) | 2023-09-28 |
| US20250202307A1 (en) | 2025-06-19 |
| CN118901180A (zh) | 2024-11-05 |
| DE102022202880A1 (de) | 2023-09-28 |
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Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Owner name: SIEMENS MOBILITY GMBH |