EP4460660A1 - Verfahren zur dampferzeugung und dampferzeugungseinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur dampferzeugung und dampferzeugungseinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4460660A1 EP4460660A1 EP24710699.0A EP24710699A EP4460660A1 EP 4460660 A1 EP4460660 A1 EP 4460660A1 EP 24710699 A EP24710699 A EP 24710699A EP 4460660 A1 EP4460660 A1 EP 4460660A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- feed water
- condensate
- water treatment
- steam generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/50—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters incorporating thermal de-aeration of feed-water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/003—Feed-water heater systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for generating steam using condensate returned in the form of feed water.
- the invention further relates to a steam generating device for generating steam using condensate returned in the form of feed water, preferably with such a method, with a steam generator for generating process steam, with a delivery device to a consumer device for forming a condensate by condensing the process steam, with a return device for supplying condensate and with a feed water treatment device for treating the condensate to form the feed water.
- Steam generation facilities are regularly used to generate process steam, which can drive a steam turbine or be used to heat an industrial process.
- Such industrial processes can be chemical processes or other manufacturing processes in which heat is required at certain points or to carry out certain process steps. These can simply be drying processes or the like, for example.
- the steam generation devices comprise one or more steam generators in the form of so-called steam boilers, which are fired with fossil or renewable fuels.
- the hot flue gas produced is used to evaporate feed water supplied to the steam boiler.
- the feed water is usually supplied to industrial steam boilers at overpressure via pipes, so that a connected consumer device can be continuously and efficiently supplied with process steam at essentially constant pressure and constant temperature.
- the type of consumer device can be designed very differently, as already discussed above.
- the process steam is the consumer device, regardless of its respective design, condenses with the release of heat.
- the condensate is usually returned via a return device and fed into a feed water treatment system of the steam generation devices, in which the condensate is degassed.
- the feed water generated in this way is then evaporated again in the steam boiler and fed back to the consumer device as process steam.
- the feed water In order to be able to use the energy of the flue gases in the steam generator as effectively as possible and to transfer it to the feed water, it is desirable to feed the feed water to the steam generator at the lowest possible temperature. Otherwise, the flue gas leaves the steam generator at a still quite high temperature, and therefore with a still quite high amount of unused heat.
- the feed water In the case of thermal degassing in the feed water treatment, the feed water is at a temperature level of just over 100 °C.
- economizers are known. These are designed as heat exchangers in which the feed water is cooled, for example, by fresh water, which can then be fed to the feed water treatment to compensate for condensate losses.
- the condensate losses can arise, for example, because part of the condensate is drained off to remove non-volatile contaminants that accumulate in the water circuit.
- part of the feed water can be evaporated by reducing the pressure in order to extract heat from the feed water.
- the object of the present invention is to design and further develop the method and the steam generating device of the type mentioned at the outset and explained in more detail above in such a way that a higher efficiency can be achieved.
- This object is achieved according to claim 1 by a method for generating steam using condensate returned in the form of feed water,
- a flash tank for separating the feed water from the feed water treatment into a vapor phase and a liquid phase, a return line for supplying the liquid phase of the feed water to the steam generator and a compressor for compressing the vapor phase of the feed water are provided.
- feed water is evaporated in at least one steam generator to form process steam, which is then delivered to a consumer device in which the process steam condenses while releasing heat.
- the condensate formed is then returned and treated in a feed water treatment system in order to be used for further evaporation in at least one steam generator.
- impurities are removed, which can be gases, liquids or solids.
- the treated feed water is evaporated in the steam generator, it is first evaporated in a so-called flash Tank partially expanded. In the process, part of the feed water evaporates, forms a vapor phase and extracts heat from the remaining liquid phase of the feed water, which is then cooled in the flash tank.
- the liquid phase of the feed water is then evaporated in the steam generator using a flue gas, from which more heat can be extracted than without the feed water being cooled beforehand in the flash tank. It is particularly useful and therefore already common practice for the feed water to be led through the steam generator in a pipe system in which the feed water is evaporated indirectly, particularly in countercurrent, by the flue gas.
- the steam phase of the feed water which is also cooled by evaporation in the flash tank, is fed to a compressor in which the steam phase is compressed and heated in the process.
- the compression and heating of the steam phase of the feed water goes so far that process steam is also obtained in this way.
- the pressure level and/or the temperature level of this process steam can at least essentially correspond to the pressure level and/or the temperature level of the process steam formed in the steam generator. However, this is not necessary.
- the process steam generated by the compressor can, however, preferably be used to heat an industrial process or in another beneficial way, so that a higher level of effectiveness and a higher efficiency of the entire process can be achieved overall.
- the steam generator device for generating process steam using feed water requires, in particular for carrying out the method described above, at least one steam generator and a feed water treatment system for treating condensed process steam in feed water for re-evaporation in at least one steam generator.
- the steam generator device comprises a delivery device for delivering the process steam to a consumer device, whereby in a simple case the delivery device can be a line or the like.
- the steam generator device also has a return device for returning condensate formed by the condensation of process steam in the consumer device to the steam generation device, in particular for feed water treatment.
- at least one degassing of the condensate will preferably take place.
- liquid or solid impurities could also be separated from the condensate, if necessary together with a portion of the condensate, which can then be replaced with fresh water.
- the steam generation device has a flash tank into which treated feed water is fed.
- the feed water is divided into a liquid phase and a vapor phase, with the vapor phase being formed by evaporating part of the feed water as a result of a pressure reduction in the flash tank.
- the temperature of the liquid phase and the vapor phase drops relative to the original feed water.
- the liquid phase can then absorb a larger proportion of the heat from the flue gas in the steam generator, which leads to greater efficiency in steam generation.
- the vapor phase of the feed water is also not discarded as an energy loss, but fed to a compressor for the purpose of compression.
- process steam at a high pressure and temperature level, so that this process steam can also be used energetically to operate the industrial process. It is also conceivable that this is the same industrial process in which the process steam generated by the steam generator is used. However, the two process vapors can also be used in different industrial processes.
- compressors can be used.
- these include turbo compressors, piston compressors and screw compressors.
- turbo compressors piston compressors
- screw compressors screw compressors.
- the method and the steam generating device are described together below, without necessarily distinguishing between the method and the steam generating device in detail. However, the person skilled in the art will be able to determine from the respective context which features are particularly preferred in relation to the method and the steam generating device.
- the condensate is at least partially degassed in the feed water treatment.
- Gases contained in the feed water can damage the steam generator.
- oxygen (02) and/or carbon dioxide (CO2) can pose a problem or can be contained in large quantities in the condensate of the process steam. Therefore, in many cases, oxygen (02) and/or carbon dioxide (CO2) are preferably expelled from the condensate in the feed water treatment.
- the condensate in the feedwater treatment it can be useful, regardless of the gases to be expelled, if the condensate is fed to the feedwater treatment together with heating steam.
- the heating steam heats the condensate, in particular directly.
- the gases are expelled from the feedwater and preferably removed from the feedwater treatment together with the vapors from the heating steam and/or evaporated condensate.
- the condensate In order to make the processing of the condensate to produce feed water as well as the heating of the industrial process with process steam as energy efficient as possible, it is advisable to feed the condensate to the feed water treatment at a temperature between 60 ° and 100 °C, preferably between 70 °C and 80 °C, in particular at least substantially 80 °C.
- the higher the temperature of the condensate the less heating steam is required to process it.
- the lower the temperature of the condensate the greater the amount of heat that can be transferred to the industrial process to be heated. Heat losses along the length of the pipes must also be taken into account.
- the condensate can be treated in the feed water treatment at a pressure between 1 bar and 2 bar, preferably between 1.1 and 1.5 bar, in particular at least substantially 1.2 bar.
- the lower the pressure the more heat can be released to the industrial process.
- a certain pressure is required to adequately degas the condensate and to ensure sufficient expansion of the feed water in the flash tank. Therefore, the temperature of the feed water in the feed water treatment is preferably above 100 °C, with little heating steam being required at a temperature between 102 °C and 108 °C, in particular at least substantially 105 °C. At the same time, sufficient expansion and temperature reduction can be ensured in the flash tank.
- the flash tank In order to cool the liquid phase of the feed water sufficiently in an overall economical manner, it is generally advisable to operate the flash tank at an absolute pressure between 0.07 bar and 1.0 bar. The lower the pressure, the lower the temperature at which the feed water can be fed to the steam generator. However, the corresponding negative pressure must be generated using equipment and energy. It is therefore particularly preferred if the flash tank is operated at a pressure between 0.2 bar and 1.0 bar, although in many cases a pressure of at least 0.4 bar will represent a fairly good compromise. For the reasons previously mentioned in connection with the pressure and against the background that the pressure and temperature in the flash tank are interdependent, it is alternatively or additionally advisable to operate the flash tank at a temperature between 40 °C and 100 °C, preferably between 60 °C and 100 °C. In many cases, a fairly good and economical compromise will be a temperature of at least 75 °C.
- the compressor in the flash tank draws a corresponding negative pressure.
- the pressure in the flash tank should be set so low that it is at least below the pressure in the feed water treatment. Otherwise, partial evaporation of the feed water while simultaneously cooling it in the flash tank cannot be ensured.
- the steam generator generates process steam with a temperature between 100 °C and 450 °C.
- the advantages of the process mentioned above are particularly evident. This is even more true if the temperature of the process steam is between 100 °C and 250 °C.
- a good compromise that allows efficient use of the steam generation device will be a process steam temperature of essentially 130 °C and 200 °C.
- Efficient use of the process steam generated by the compressor can also be achieved if this process steam has a temperature between 100 °C and 450 °C. This applies in particular to temperatures between 100 °C and 250 °C, although a good compromise is also achieved for this process steam in many cases if the vapor phase of the feed water in the compressor is heated to essentially 100 °C and 200 °C.
- the process steam that is obtained in the compressor from the steam phase of the feed water can be at least partially combined with the process steam from the steam generator.
- the combined process steam can then be used together in a subsequent process in the consumer device using simple equipment.
- This can be further promoted if the combined process steam from the steam generator and the compressor has at least essentially the same temperature and/or at least essentially the same pressure.
- this is not mandatory.
- the process steam that is obtained in the compressor from the steam phase of the feed water is at least partially delivered to the consumer device as separate process steam. This is particularly useful if the consumer device has a heat requirement at different temperature levels, and in particular if a different amount of heat is required at the different temperature levels.
- the process steam that is obtained in the compressor from the steam phase of the feed water can also be used at least partially directly as heating steam and fed to the feed water treatment. In this way, conversion losses can be avoided under certain circumstances, for example through additional throttling.
- the heating steam can be obtained at least partially, regardless of the source of the process steam, by reducing the pressure of the process steam via a throttle. In this way, the feed water treatment can be operated easily and at a precisely adjustable temperature.
- the condensate can be fed to the feed water treatment in a targeted and defined manner using a condensate pump.
- the feed water treatment For simple and efficient partial evaporation of the feed water in the flash tank, it is advisable to connect the feed water treatment to the flash tank via a throttle.
- the liquid phase of the Feed water can be supplied to the steam generator using a feed water pump. This can also be done reliably and in a defined manner.
- the feed water treatment is assigned a heating steam supply line for heating the condensate.
- the feed water treatment can be operated simply and efficiently. This applies in particular if the condensate is heated directly by the heating steam supplied via the heating steam line.
- the feed water treatment is assigned a vapor discharge for discharging gas expelled from the condensate.
- the vapor discharge can discharge heating steam that has not condensed in the feed water treatment or steam formed in the feed water treatment, together with the gases expelled from the condensate. In principle, however, it would also be possible for only gas expelled from the condensate and no steam, i.e. vapors, to be discharged via the vapor discharge. However, this will not be preferred in most cases, which is why the term vapor discharge is used here anyway.
- a throttle can be assigned to it for the sake of simplicity to form heating steam by throttling process steam. This allows a defined operation of the feed water treatment and is easy to implement in terms of equipment.
- a combination of process steam from the compressor and process steam from the steam generator can be provided.
- two separate process steam lines can be provided for the separate supply of process steam to the consumer device.
- the process steam from the steam generator can then be used separately from the process steam generated by the compressor.
- the compressor can also be connected to the heating steam supply line. The corresponding process steam can then be used simply and efficiently to operate the feed water treatment.
- the steam generator is a steam boiler. These are inexpensive and reliable to operate. From an energy and equipment perspective, it can be useful if the feed water treatment is connected to the flash tank via a throttle. The same applies if a feed water pump is assigned to the return line to supply the feed water to the steam generator. To ensure that condensate is always returned to the feed water treatment in the required amount, a condensate pump can be assigned to the feed water treatment to supply condensate to the feed water treatment.
- Fig. 1 shows an industrial plant for carrying out an industrial process with a steam generating device according to the invention in a schematic view
- Fig. 2 shows the steam generating device from Fig. 1 in a schematic detailed representation.
- an industrial plant A for carrying out an industrial process P is shown as an example.
- the industrial plant A shown and preferred in this respect is a paper production plant in which the industrial process P of paper production is carried out.
- many other industrial plants A could also be used in connection with the invention. Carrying out different industrial processes P comes into question, whereby the industrial processes P are in particular those that have a not insignificant heat requirement. Paper production is characterized by a particularly high heat requirement, since paper production is fundamentally quite energy-intensive.
- Fig. 2 shows a steam generating device 1 which provides the required heat to a consumer device V of the industrial plant A via a delivery device 2.
- the heat is used in the form of process steam 3 in the industrial process P of paper production.
- the process steam 3 is at least partially condensed and the resulting condensate 4 is returned to the steam generating device 1 via a return device 5.
- the process steam 3 or the condensate 4 is thus at least essentially circulated, albeit in different states of aggregation.
- the delivery device 2 and the return device 5 are designed in the form of a line, specifically a delivery line and a return line.
- the consumer device V is not shown in Fig. 2, since the specific design of the consumer device V is not of particular importance in this case.
- the condensate 4 returned via the return device 5 is fed via a condensate pump 6 into a feed water treatment system 7, where the condensate 4 is heated by means of direct heat transfer with heating steam 8 that is also supplied, in this case from 80 °C to 105 °C.
- the pressure in the feed water treatment system 7 is such that a steam phase 9 prevails in the feed water treatment system 7, into which gases dissolved in the condensate, in particular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), are expelled.
- the steam phase 9 is discharged together with the expelled gases via a vapor discharge line 10.
- the feed water 11 is discharged from the feed water treatment 7 to a flash tank 12, in which the feed water 11 is expanded via a throttle 21 in such a way that part of the treated feed water 11 evaporates in the flash tank 12 and thus cools down the feed water 11.
- a vapor phase 13 of the feed water 11 and a liquid phase 14 of the feed water 11 are formed in the flash tank 12, both of which have a significantly lower temperature than the treated feed water 11 in the feed water treatment 7.
- a vacuum is drawn in the flash tank 12 by means of a compressor 15, with the flash tank 12 being located on the suction side of the compressor 15.
- the pressure in the flash tank 12 is not only below the pressure in the feed water treatment system 7, but also below the ambient pressure. It is therefore an absolute pressure of less than 1 bar.
- the liquid phase 14 of the feed water 11 remaining in the flash tank 12 is then pumped by means of a feed water pump 16 in a return line 22 into a steam generator 17, in which the feed water 11 is evaporated in a manner known per se.
- two or more steam generators 17 can also be provided, which are then preferably operated in parallel.
- the steam generator 17 is a steam boiler in which a fuel is burned to form a flue gas.
- the flue gas is guided along pipes in which the feed water 11 is guided in countercurrent to the flue gas and is thus first heated and then evaporated and possibly superheated.
- the feed water 11 is under an absolute overpressure so that the feed water 11 is converted in the steam generator 17 into a process steam 18 which can be used expediently as a heat source for heating the industrial process P in the consumer device V.
- a process steam 19 is fed to the process steam 18 formed in the steam generator 17 via a junction 24, which is formed by compressing the steam phase 13 of the feed water 11 in the compressor 15 following the flash tank 12.
- the process steam 18 from the steam generator 17 and the process steam 19 from the compressor 15 have approximately the same pressure.
- the temperatures can also be approximately the same.
- Part of the correspondingly combined process steam 3 can be fed into the feed water treatment system 7 in the form of heating steam 8 via a throttle 20 and a heating steam supply line 23 in order to heat the condensate 4 therein.
- the part of the process steam 3 not required to form heating steam 8 is then discharged to the consumer device V via the discharge device 2 in the form of a discharge line, before the condensed process steam 3 is later returned as condensate 4 via the return device to the steam generation device 1.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023106383.9A DE102023106383A1 (de) | 2023-03-14 | 2023-03-14 | Verfahren zur dampferzeugung und dampferzeugungseinrichtung |
| PCT/EP2024/056054 WO2024188815A1 (de) | 2023-03-14 | 2024-03-07 | Verfahren zur dampferzeugung und dampferzeugungseinrichtung |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4460660A1 true EP4460660A1 (de) | 2024-11-13 |
| EP4460660B1 EP4460660B1 (de) | 2025-07-23 |
| EP4460660C0 EP4460660C0 (de) | 2025-07-23 |
Family
ID=90363864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24710699.0A Active EP4460660B1 (de) | 2023-03-14 | 2024-03-07 | Verfahren zur dampferzeugung und dampferzeugungseinrichtung |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4460660B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2026510586A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250163333A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120883006A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023106383A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES3042566T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL4460660T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024188815A1 (de) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015068531A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-14 | 富士電機株式会社 | 蒸気生成ヒートポンプ及び蒸気生成ヒートポンプの運転制御方法 |
| CN115751268A (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-07 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 垃圾焚烧烟气发电系统 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2242302A1 (de) * | 1972-08-28 | 1974-03-14 | Francis R Hull | Nach dem rankine-kreisprozess arbeitende kraftanlage |
| GB2083178B (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1984-02-22 | Gen Electric | Deaerator level control |
| US4714032A (en) * | 1985-12-26 | 1987-12-22 | Dipac Associates | Pollution-free pressurized combustion utilizing a controlled concentration of water vapor |
| DE4022544A1 (de) * | 1990-07-16 | 1992-01-23 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und anordnung zum entgasen eines kondensats |
-
2023
- 2023-03-14 DE DE102023106383.9A patent/DE102023106383A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-03-07 EP EP24710699.0A patent/EP4460660B1/de active Active
- 2024-03-07 KR KR1020257032079A patent/KR20250163333A/ko active Pending
- 2024-03-07 CN CN202480018903.4A patent/CN120883006A/zh active Pending
- 2024-03-07 WO PCT/EP2024/056054 patent/WO2024188815A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-03-07 PL PL24710699.0T patent/PL4460660T3/pl unknown
- 2024-03-07 ES ES24710699T patent/ES3042566T3/es active Active
- 2024-03-07 JP JP2025553960A patent/JP2026510586A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015068531A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-14 | 富士電機株式会社 | 蒸気生成ヒートポンプ及び蒸気生成ヒートポンプの運転制御方法 |
| CN115751268A (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-07 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | 垃圾焚烧烟气发电系统 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2024188815A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2026510586A (ja) | 2026-04-08 |
| ES3042566T3 (en) | 2025-11-21 |
| EP4460660B1 (de) | 2025-07-23 |
| KR20250163333A (ko) | 2025-11-20 |
| CN120883006A (zh) | 2025-10-31 |
| PL4460660T3 (pl) | 2026-01-26 |
| DE102023106383A1 (de) | 2024-09-19 |
| EP4460660C0 (de) | 2025-07-23 |
| WO2024188815A1 (de) | 2024-09-19 |
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