EP4454418A1 - Verfahren zur erkennung eines kurzschlusses zumindest einer led eines led-stranges eines lichtmoduls - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erkennung eines kurzschlusses zumindest einer led eines led-stranges eines lichtmodulsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4454418A1 EP4454418A1 EP22830806.0A EP22830806A EP4454418A1 EP 4454418 A1 EP4454418 A1 EP 4454418A1 EP 22830806 A EP22830806 A EP 22830806A EP 4454418 A1 EP4454418 A1 EP 4454418A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- led
- short
- value
- operating
- led string
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
- H05B45/54—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits in a series array of LEDs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting a short circuit in at least one LED of an LED string of a light module, the LED string comprising at least two LEDs connected in series with one another.
- a further technical task area therefore deals with the question of the optimal handling of errors.
- it In order to be able to react to the presence of an error, it must first be recognized.
- monitoring has become known from the prior art, in which each individual LED forward voltage of each LED in the LED string is measured and compared with a target value. If a short circuit occurs in an LED, the forward voltage at this LED collapses, which means that the short circuit error can be detected by measurement.
- monitoring is associated with a great deal of effort.
- Another error detection method lies in measuring the LED forward voltages of the entire LED string and using an additional temperature sensor, which is used for temperature-dependent adjustment of an expected value of the LED forward voltage. The comparison of the measured LED forward voltage of the entire string can then be made with the reference value.
- this method makes it more difficult to exchange spare parts, as it reacts very sensitively to the individual LED forward voltages, which can vary greatly depending on the production batch, for example.
- the influence of temperature can only be predicted to a limited extent, which is why this method is only suitable for monitoring a small number of LEDs in an LED string.
- This object is achieved with a method of the type mentioned at the beginning, which according to the invention comprises the following steps: a) providing a reference value which correlates with a differential operating AC current setpoint resistance of the LED string and storing the reference value on a data memory, b) Commissioning of the LED string with an operating DC voltage, so that the LED string emits light, c) impressing an alternating current superimposed on the operating DC voltage in the LED string, the frequency of the alternating current being at least 60 Hz, d) measuring through the alternating current according to Step c) caused AC voltage drop on the LED string, e) deriving a comparative actual value of the LED string correlating with a differential operating AC current actual resistance value with the help of the AC voltage drop measured according to step d) all, f
- the method according to the invention provides a cost-effective and at the same time reliable solution with which short circuits in LEDs in an LED cluster can be detected. If this method is used, for example, in commercially available motor vehicle headlights, then no additional hardware is required for implementation, since modern LED control devices already have suitable hardware for executing the method. If there is already a voltage measurement of the entire LED chain in a light module anyway, an adaptation for the implementation of the method according to the invention can be carried out therein by software adaptation of the LED operating direct current with an LED AC is applied and so according to the inventive method, the number of working LEDs can be determined. In principle, the number of LEDs in a string can be freely selected and can be, for example, at least four, at least ten, between four and forty, or any other desired number.
- the advantages of the invention come into play particularly when there is a large number of LEDs in one strand.
- a frequency of over 60 Hz in connection with the alternating current used it is avoided that any small fluctuations in the light intensity become visible as unpleasant flickering.
- the frequency for this can be at least 100 Hz.
- the alternating current impressed according to step c) is free of a direct component. This largely minimizes a change in the emitted light output of the LEDs over time and the additional energy consumption is kept low.
- the impressed alternating current has the time profile of a square-wave signal, a triangular signal or a sinusoidal signal.
- the alternating current impressed according to step c) is selected such that its amplitude is at least 20%, preferably between 20% and 60% of the absolute value of the nominal value of an operating direct current of the LED strand caused by the operating direct voltage.
- This suitably large selected current amplitude simplifies the measurement, since the voltage amplitude to be measured is also correspondingly large. Any measurement inaccuracies then have less of an effect on the comparison result according to step f), since the actual comparison value to be calculated, which correlates with the actual differential operating alternating current resistance value, fluctuates less.
- the reference value provided according to step a) is the differential operating AC current target resistance
- the comparison actual value derived according to step e) is a differential operating AC current resistance actual value is obtained by forming a quotient from the measured AC voltage drop according to step d) and the applied alternating current according to step c).
- This differential operating AC current resistance actual value therefore corresponds to the slope of a current-voltage curve of the LED strand at the respective operating point.
- the comparison in accordance with step f) is a limit value comparison, with the existence of an LED short circuit being inferred if a predefinable maximum differential amount, formed by the difference between the reference value and the comparison actual value, is exceeded with the maximum difference amounting to a maximum of 10% of the reference value.
- the error routine includes the output of an error signal and/or the change in the operating state of the LED string.
- the change in the operating state can, for example, reduce the operating voltage of the LED string, switch off the LED string, increase the transmission power of the remaining functioning LEDs of the LED string (e.g. by increasing the switch-on time or the duty cycle in the case of clocked operation) and/or switching on a replacement line.
- the recorded comparative actual value replaces the present reference value and is stored on the data memory in order to be used as an updated reference value in a subsequent iteration of steps a) to f). serve. In this way, aging effects can be compensated. This makes the process self-calibrating and self-learning.
- the invention also relates to a short-circuit fault detection light system for carrying out a method according to the invention, the short-circuit fault detection light system comprising the following for this purpose: A light module with at least one LED string, the at least one LED string having a number of at least two LEDs connected in series with one another , And a short-circuit detection system, wherein the short-circuit detection system at least for the electrical supply of at least one LED strand is set up, wherein the short-circuit detection system is set up to carry out steps a) to f) of the method according to the invention.
- the short-circuit detection system is set up so that the amplitude of the superimposed alternating current is independent of the absolute value of the nominal value of the operating direct current of the LED string. If the superimposed alternating current is independent of the operating point, then the evaluation of the voltage measurement should be continuously adjusted (e.g. due to the non-linear current-voltage characteristic of the LEDs or temperature influences) in order to achieve correct short-circuit detection with different operating direct currents.
- the advantage of this variant is that the effort required for correct short-circuit detection can be shifted from the driver side to the measurement side.
- the short-circuit detection system is set up so that the amplitude of the superimposed alternating current is dependent on the absolute value of the nominal value of the operating direct current of the LED string.
- a dependent alternating current means that the adjustment to the above-mentioned influences is shifted to the driver side.
- This embodiment is considered to be particularly advantageous, for example, in the case of temperature-dependent derating of the LEDs or in the case of transition effects from one light function to another. Provision can be made for the amplitude of the impressed alternating current to be a percentage, for example between 20% and 50%, in particular exactly 30%, of the absolute value of the nominal value of the operating direct current of the LED strand depending on the respective operating state.
- the invention relates to a motor vehicle headlight, comprising a light system according to the invention that detects short-circuit faults.
- the invention relates to a motor vehicle, comprising a light system according to the invention that detects short-circuit faults and/or a motor vehicle headlight according to the invention.
- the dynamic resistance of an LED only changes over temperature very little and can therefore be used to detect shorts in a string of LEDs.
- the alternating voltage at the LED chain can be determined through the dynamic resistance or, conversely, the dynamic resistance can be determined by detecting current and voltage.
- the number of LEDs and the dynamic resistance in a defined operating state are known to the LED driver or LED control unit when it is first commissioned (e.g. by providing a reference value R ref according to step a)) in order to be able to use the generated with alternating current in regular operation to compare data.
- alternating current component can be selected in such a way that it has no noticeable effect on either the intensity or the thermal load.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a short-circuit error-detecting light system for carrying out a method according to the invention
- FIG. 2 an exemplary LED strand of a lighting system
- FIG. 3 three exemplary operating DC voltages for different temperatures and an associated current flow through the LED string
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary characteristic of an LED 31 of an LED strand 3 at a temperature of 25° C.
- FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a driver circuit.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a short-circuit error-detecting light system 7 for carrying out a method according to the invention. This method for detecting a short circuit in at least one LED 31 of an LED string 3 (see Fig.
- Step 2 2) of a light module 8, the LED string 3 comprising a number of at least two LEDs 31 connected in series with one another, the method comprising the following Steps includes: a) providing a reference value R ref , which correlates with a differential operating AC current target resistance of the LED string and storing the reference value R ref on a data memory 6, b) putting the LED string 3 into operation with a DC operating voltage (This can vary or be adjusted depending on the temperature of the strand, for example, in order to achieve a certain operating current; Fig.
- alternating current Iwi or I W2 superimposed on the operating DC voltage UBTI, UBT2 or UBTS in the LED Phase 3, the frequency of the alternating current Iwi or Iw2 being at least 60 Hz (Iwi is a square-wave waveform of the alternating current over time and Iw2 relates to a sinusoidal waveform of an alternating current - the alternating current component is superimposed on the direct current component; in principle, any (advantageously periodic) alternating signal curves can be used), d) measuring the AC voltage drop Uwi, U 2 caused by the alternating current Iwi or Iw2 according to step c) at the LED string 3, e) deriving a differential operation - AC current actual resistance value correlating
- the short-circuit error-detecting light system 7 for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a light module 8 with at least one LED string 3, the at least one LED string 3 having a number of at least two LEDs 31 connected in series with one another, and a short-circuit detection system 9, wherein the Short-circuit detection system 9 is set up at least for the electrical supply of the at least one LED strand 3, wherein the short-circuit detection system 9 is set up to carry out steps a) to f) of the method.
- FIG. 3 which shows the phase current I(t) and phase voltage U(t) over time
- the alternating current Iwi or Iw2 impressed according to step c) is free of a direct component.
- the LED forward voltage or the operating DC voltage of the entire chain changes much more with temperature than the AC voltage resulting from the superimposed alternating current in connection with the almost constant dynamic resistance or the differential operating AC current -Resistance.
- the resulting AC voltage is almost independent of temperature.
- the reference value R ref provided according to step a) is the differential operating AC current setpoint resistance
- the comparison actual value Ract derived according to step e) is a differential operating AC current resistance actual value is obtained by forming a quotient from the measured AC voltage drop Uwv U 2 according to step d) and the impressed alternating current Iwi, Iw2 according to step c). This value correlates with the gradient of the characteristic curve of the respective LED strand 3 at the operating point.
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary current-voltage characteristic of an LED 31 of an LED strand 3 at a temperature of 25°C.
- the differential alternating current resistance is also shown therein as an example in an operating range, with this resistance corresponding to the reciprocal of the gradient k.
- the impressed alternating current Iw2 causes the correspondingly correlating voltage drop U W2 .
- the comparison according to step f) is a limit value comparison, with the presence of an LED being formed by the difference between reference value Rref and comparison actual value Rist when a predefinable maximum differential amount is exceeded - Short-circuit is inferred, the maximum difference being a maximum of 10% of the reference value R re f.
- an error routine is triggered when an LED short circuit is detected.
- the error routine can, for example, include the output of an error signal s1 (see FIG. 1) and/or the change in the operating state of the LED cluster 3.
- a signal s2 can be output to confirm freedom from errors.
- the recorded comparison actual value Ract can replace the present reference value Rref and be stored on the data memory 6 in order to serve as an updated reference value in a subsequent iteration of steps a to f.
- the short-circuit detection system 9 can be set up so that the amplitude of the superimposed alternating current Iwi, Iw2 is independent of the absolute value of the nominal value of the operating direct current IB of the LED string 3 .
- the invention also relates to a motor vehicle headlight, comprising a light system 7 that detects short-circuit faults according to the invention.
- the LED string 3 or the lighting system 7 can be supplied by a battery 1 or an energy store.
- the operating direct current IB can be supplied by a driver 2.
- This driver 2 can be designed, for example, as a switching converter or as a linear regulator. If the driver 2 is designed as a switching converter, it has, as is known, an electronic switch (not shown) in order to control a required output variable. Depending on the requirements, the driver 2 can be designed as a combination of several switching converters. For example, a combination of step-up converters 21 and step-down converters 22, 22a can be used (see FIG. 5). If several LED strands are to be supplied, a step-down converter 22, 22a can be provided for each LED strand.
- the output variable of the switching converter is preferably regulated.
- the output variable can correspond to the required operating direct current IB.
- the operating direct current IB can be regulated by modulating the duty cycle of the electronic switch.
- switching converters have also become known, which regulate the output variable, in the present case the operating direct current IB, via modulation of a switching frequency of the electronic switch. With both control types, switching frequencies in the upper kHz range down to a few MHz are common.
- This step-down converter has an electronic switch (not shown), the switching cycles of which depend on the required operating direct current IB. The switching cycles thus correspond to a manipulated variable which can be changed by the duty cycle and/or by the switching frequency.
- an alternating current Iwi or Iw2 can be superimposed by changing the switching cycles of the electronic switch.
- the frequency f w of the superimposed alternating current is preferably less than a thousandth of the switching frequency of the electronic switch in the current-controlled buck converter, the frequency f w of the superimposed alternating current being at least 60 Hz.
- the operating direct current IB can be linearly controlled or limited.
- an electronic switch (not shown) can be connected in series with the LEDs 31 of the LED string 3 .
- this electronic switch acts like a controlled resistor and thus makes it possible to change the operating direct current IB of the LED string 3 .
- the manipulated variable that determines the operating current IB in this variant is therefore the variable that influences the value of the controlled resistance.
- the switching converter LED string 3 are supplied with an alternating current Iwi or I 2 superimposed on the operating direct current IB.
- the manipulated variable for the driver 2 and thus the frequency fw of the superimposed alternating current Iwi or I 2 are specified by a microcontroller 4.
- the superimposed alternating current Iwi or Iw2 leads to a corresponding change in the LED string voltage U(t) of the LED string 3 around the operating DC voltage point. If one only considers the small-signal behavior of the LEDs 31 in the LED string 3, then one can speak of an AC voltage drop Uwi or Uw2 at the LED string 31 resulting from the superimposed alternating current Iwi or Iw2. This can be used to draw conclusions about a short circuit.
- the AC voltage drop Uwi or Uw2 caused by the alternating current Iwi or Iw2 can be measured at the LED string 3 .
- the resulting AC voltage drop Uwi or Uw2 can be measured separately from the operating DC voltage UB(TI,T2,T3).
- the AC voltage drop of all Uwi or Uw2 can be measured by measuring the amplitude value or a peak-to-peak value measurement of the resulting AC voltage Uwi or Uw2 on the LED cluster 31 .
- an effective value of the resulting AC voltage at the LED string 31 can be calculated from the measured AC voltage drop Uwi or Uw2.
- a continuous measurement of the AC voltage drop Uwi or Uw2 on the LED string 31 can be provided, which continuously measures the LED string voltage U(t) or the AC voltage drop Uwi or Uw2.
- a continuous measurement is preferably carried out at discrete time intervals of at least 1/(2*f w ), particularly preferably at least 1/(5*f w ).
- the individual measurements can be filtered according to maximum and minimum values, with which the calculation of the peak-to-peak value is based on the difference between maximum and peak values minimum value becomes possible.
- This peak-to-peak value corresponds to a comparative actual value Ract correlating with the differential operating alternating current actual resistance value.
- the peak-to-peak value increases according to the flattening curve of the representative differential resistance with an increasing number of LEDs 31 in LED string 3. If an LED 31 short-circuits, the peak-to-peak value of LED string 3 drops.
- the comparison actual value Ractual can also correspond to the amplitude value or the effective value of the AC voltage drop Uwi or U 2 of the LED string 3 .
- the maximum and minimum values are each averaged over at least three measurements before the peak-to-peak value is calculated.
- the comparison actual value Ractual corresponds to a specific rate of change over time.
- This rate of change over time can correspond to the change over time of a peak-to-peak value or an amplitude value or an effective value within a defined period of time. This means that short-circuit detection is less dependent on slow changes caused by environmental influences.
- the reference value advantageously corresponds to ⁇ x*0.1 of the comparison actual value per millisecond, where x corresponds to the number of LEDs 31 in the LED cluster 3 .
- a microcontroller 4 can be provided, which is set up to carry out the comparison of the reference value Rref with the comparison actual value Rist.
- This microcontroller 4 can have a voltage measuring unit 5, with which the LED string voltage U(t) or the AC voltage drop Uwi or Uw2 is measured.
- the microcontroller 4 is particularly preferably set up both to determine the comparison actual value Rist and to compare it with the reference value R ref and to make the above-mentioned manipulated variable available to the driver 2 .
- the impressed alternating current I i or Iw2 can be selected in such a way that its amplitude is configured independently of the absolute value of the nominal value of the operating direct current IB of the LED string 3 .
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21217549.1A EP4203621A1 (de) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Verfahren zur erkennung eines kurzschlusses zumindest einer led eines led-stranges eines lichtmoduls |
| PCT/EP2022/084727 WO2023117420A1 (de) | 2021-12-23 | 2022-12-07 | Verfahren zur erkennung eines kurzschlusses zumindest einer led eines led-stranges eines lichtmoduls |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4454418A1 true EP4454418A1 (de) | 2024-10-30 |
| EP4454418B1 EP4454418B1 (de) | 2025-05-28 |
Family
ID=79164658
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21217549.1A Withdrawn EP4203621A1 (de) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Verfahren zur erkennung eines kurzschlusses zumindest einer led eines led-stranges eines lichtmoduls |
| EP22830806.0A Active EP4454418B1 (de) | 2021-12-23 | 2022-12-07 | Verfahren zur erkennung eines kurzschlusses zumindest einer led eines led-stranges eines lichtmoduls |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21217549.1A Withdrawn EP4203621A1 (de) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Verfahren zur erkennung eines kurzschlusses zumindest einer led eines led-stranges eines lichtmoduls |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4203621A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118435704A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023117420A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2717653B1 (de) * | 2012-10-04 | 2016-09-14 | Nxp B.V. | Verfahren zur Erkennung eines LED-Ausfalls, Controller dafür, Beleuchtungseinheit und Beleuchtungssystem |
-
2021
- 2021-12-23 EP EP21217549.1A patent/EP4203621A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-12-07 EP EP22830806.0A patent/EP4454418B1/de active Active
- 2022-12-07 WO PCT/EP2022/084727 patent/WO2023117420A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-07 CN CN202280084718.6A patent/CN118435704A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023117420A1 (de) | 2023-06-29 |
| EP4203621A1 (de) | 2023-06-28 |
| CN118435704A (zh) | 2024-08-02 |
| EP4454418B1 (de) | 2025-05-28 |
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