EP4420141A1 - Isolationssystem, verwendung eines polymerblends und elektrische maschine mit isolationssystem - Google Patents
Isolationssystem, verwendung eines polymerblends und elektrische maschine mit isolationssystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP4420141A1 EP4420141A1 EP22836102.8A EP22836102A EP4420141A1 EP 4420141 A1 EP4420141 A1 EP 4420141A1 EP 22836102 A EP22836102 A EP 22836102A EP 4420141 A1 EP4420141 A1 EP 4420141A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer blend
- insulation
- insulation system
- blend
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/301—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in group H01B3/302
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/10—Block- or graft-copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
- H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/307—Other macromolecular compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
- H01B3/427—Polyethers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/46—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes silicones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
- C08G77/452—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing nitrogen-containing sequences
- C08G77/455—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing nitrogen-containing sequences containing polyamide, polyesteramide or polyimide sequences
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to the field of insulation of electrical conductors against partial discharge - "TE" - in the medium and high voltage range.
- the invention relates to an insulation system for an electrical machine, in particular a rotating electrical machine with a stator, such as an electric motor and/or a generator, with improved partial discharge resistance of the polymeric insulation system components.
- Electrical machines with a stator such as motors and generators in the medium and high voltage range, have electrical conductors, a main insulation, winding insulation with partial conductor insulation and a laminated stator core. The purpose of the main insulation is to electrically insulate the conductors from each other, from the stator core and from the environment.
- “treeing” channels can form in the mica-containing main insulation due to electrical partial discharges (PDs). Electrical breakdown through the main insulation can occur as a result of the "treeing" channels.
- PDs electrical partial discharges
- “medium and high voltage range” means electrical power engineering that works with high voltage in the range of over 700V - up to and including 52kV. This also includes the insulation systems, which are of interest for the fast-charging drive systems in the automotive industry.
- a barrier in the form of an insulation system against partial discharges has hitherto been achieved mainly through the use of layered silicate, in particular mica, in the main insulation, which has a high resistance to partial discharges.
- the mica is processed into mica paper in the form of platelet-shaped mica particles with a conventional particle size of several 100 micrometers up to several millimeters the mica particles result in the surface insulation material in the form of a mica broad sheet.
- a mica tape is cut from this broad sheet of mica and wound around the conductor to produce the main insulation. Then, to produce the insulation system, the electrical insulation mica winding tape is impregnated with a liquid synthetic resin and the synthetic resin is then hardened.
- the PD resistance of the insulation is increased by the Addition of layered silicates, mainly mica, increased.
- the mica is applied in the corresponding insulation systems in the form of paper - in the case of surface insulation materials in the form of laminates - i.e. the mica paper is applied to carrier foils or carrier fabrics or carrier papers such as calendered mAramid - e.g. in the form of Nomex® to improve its mechanical strength and to be able to process the mica paper better.
- the paper is connected to a glass fabric carrier and/or a PET and/or PI film and cut into narrow rolls which are then wound around the spool.
- mica can be wrapped around the sub-conductor, for example in the form of a prepreg, and in this way the PD resistance of the sub-conductor insulation can be improved.
- all of these mica laminates are impregnated with an impregnating resin and solidified after application.
- insulation systems with slot linings are also used in traction motors, which, due to the requirements, have hitherto been made of mica-containing laminates with, for example, mAramid and polyimide as the carrier film.
- it is operated at the highest possible current densities, which, however, also result in significant losses in the form of heat.
- Traction motors are also operated in particular at temperatures above 150°C.
- DE 102020 208760 discloses a surface insulation material made from a copolymer of a polyetherimide with a siloxane, but this shows a softening point at elevated temperatures of up to 220° C., which can occur in traction motors. This is also because in the co- polymer made from polyetherimide and siloxane due to the less polar side groups of the siloxane, which act as “impurities” compared to the pure polyetherimide, causing the glass transition temperature to drop.
- polyetherimide-siloxane copolymers can be produced flatly as a film by suitable extrusion processes, which in turn have sufficient elasticity to be used, inter alia, as winding tapes—completely cut—but as winding tapes in the operating temperature range They cannot be used, for example, in traction motors with temperatures above 150°C, in particular above 170°C.
- PEEK, PI, PAI, PPS, PEI, polyesterimide (duromer) and similar materials are conventionally used for extruded wire insulation or for braided, strip-shaped wire insulation – not the solvent-based wire enamels.
- insulation systems that include injection-moulded parts, such as tooth coil formers.
- the conventionally used polymeric components of insulation systems are only slightly or not at all PD-resistant to electrical discharges.
- the PD resistance of the insulation systems usually comes from the mica used.
- the thermoplastic components of conventional insulation systems are basically not PD-resistant without mica.
- nanoscale particles which are dispersed in the impregnation agent prior to impregnation, is known to improve the partial discharge resistance of a wound main insulation with synthetic resin – i.e. polymer encapsulation.
- the presence of the particles shortens the pot life of the synthetic resin or the impregnating agent, which is reflected in particular in a progressive polymerization of the synthetic resin before impregnation.
- the object of the present invention is therefore a material for wire extrusion, in particular for wire extrusion of any flat or round wires and/or plug-in coils and/or so-called hairpin flat wires for stators in electric motors and generators and/or in the main insulation, to provide. These are used in particular in traction motors for electric vehicles.
- the object of the present invention is to implement or increase the PD resistance of the polymer components of an insulation system and to create a replacement for mica in insulation systems in general and for mica tapes and/or mica paper in particular, and thus a polymer material for wire extrusion, injection molding, compression molding and/or to provide a surface insulation material which shows TE resistance and whose glass transition temperature and/or melting point is at least above 150° C., preferably higher and/or which has a temperature index of 180° C. or—if possible—even higher.
- This object is achieved by the subject matter of the present invention as disclosed in the description, the figures and the claims.
- the subject matter of the present invention is an insulation system, a material in the form of a - solid surface insulation material, and/or - material for wire insulation by means of extrusion and/or - injection-molded part and/or - compression-molded part, characterized in that the material is resistant to partial discharges , at least partially replaces the mica content in the insulation system and is a polymer blend of at least three blend partners, in which at least one copolymer based on polyetherimide and siloxane is blended with at least two high-temperature thermoplastics, with at least one of the high-temperature thermoplastics being present in semi-crystalline form.
- the invention also relates to the uses of this polymer blend defined above.
- this polymer blend by means of wire extrusion as partial conductor insulation or winding insulation and/or as main insulation for hairpin coils.
- a fixation—for example in the groove—by casting, impregnating, sprinkling, dipping and/or by injection molding with a synthetic resin is preferably also provided.
- a partial conductor insulated by wire extrusion can be fixed in the slot by injection molding.
- Another exemplary use of the polymer blend is in the injection molding process, such as a stator of an electric motor or generator.
- the use of the polymer blend in a compression molding process for producing the insulation system and/or parts thereof, in particular a stator of an electric motor or generator, is also advantageous.
- the use of the polymer blend in the form of a film such as when used as a solid insulating material, in particular in the form of a strip, as part of a winding strip--e.g. partial conductor insulation--called winding insulation and/or main insulation is the subject of the invention. dung. Furthermore, the use of the polymer blend in the form of a laminate—particularly as a surface insulating material, for example for slot linings in a stator—also without further fixing or stabilization by, for example, casting—is also the subject of the present invention.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the polymer blend as at least part of a winding and as an insulation system impregnated and cured in the VPI process in the form of a strip-shaped film and/or a strip-shaped laminate. With the VPI, the tape surrounding the polymer blend is then impregnated with synthetic resin.
- polyetherimide—PEI— is present in the polymer blend—for example as an amorphous—high-temperature “HT” thermoplastic blend partner.
- a polyether ketone and/or a mixture of different polyether ketones is present in the polymer blend as a partially crystalline high-temperature “HT” thermoplastic.
- Polyetherketones are polymers with alternating ketone (R-CO-R) and ether (ROR) functionalities in their molecular backbone.
- R-CO-R ketone
- ROR ether
- polyaryletherketones -PAEK- in which there is an aryl group linked in the (1,4) position between the functional groups, are well suited.
- the rigid backbone of the polyetherketones and in particular the polyaryletherketones gives the materials very high glass transition temperatures Tgs and/or melting points in comparison to other plastics, which is why they are used according to the invention as at least one blend partner of the insulation polymer blend comprising at least three blend partners. Materials to replace mica by TE-resistant polymer material can be used.
- Suitable polyether ketones are in particular: - poly (ether ether ketone) - PEEK-, - poly (ether ketone ketone) - PEKK-, - poly (ether ether ether ketone) - PEEEK -, - poly (ether ether ketone ketone) - PEEKK-, - poly (ether ether ketone ketone) -PEKEKK- and /or - Polyaryletherketon - PAEK - and any combinations and / or mixtures of the above compounds.
- the polyetherketones mentioned can be mixed and combined as desired with one another and with the other two blend partners, in particular also with the copolymer based on polyetherimide and siloxane.
- each of the at least three polymer blend partners - the at least one copolymer, the two thermoplastics, of which at least one is partially crystalline - each in a concentration between 1 and 70% by weight in the polymer lymer blend are included.
- a mixture of 3 blend partners, a copolymer, in particular a siloxane-polyetherimide copolymer, with at least one partially crystalline thermoplastic in the blend results in a stable mixture that can be used as an unfilled material for producing insulation and is particularly suitable for film production.
- a partially crystalline blend partner contains spherulites, which are a spherical superstructure unit typical of thermoplastics.
- the term spherulite generally designates a globular and/or radiating crystal aggregate, with spherulites themselves not being crystals in the crystallographic sense, but aggregates, ie accumulations of very many smaller crystalline areas. These can be detected by X-ray diffraction.
- spherulites In a polymeric superstructure with spherulites, crystallites are arranged radially symmetrically and connected via amorphous intermediate areas. Since spherulites contain crystalline areas and are therefore birefringent, they can be detected using polarization microscopy. The light microscopically detectable size is between 1 ⁇ m and several 100 ⁇ m. In the case of very small spherulites, the pattern described above can no longer be seen under the microscope. One recognizes only a diffuse scattering of the light. In the present case, purely physical mixtures of two or more different polymers are referred to as “blend material”, “polymer blend” or “blend” for short. The properties of the resulting plastics differ from those of the original polymers.
- a “surface insulation material” refers to a material that is solid under normal conditions and is present, for example, as a foldable material, such as in particular in the form of a laminate and/or a foil.
- the laminate is preferably at least two layers, the layers—again preferably—being connected by laminating adhesive. There can be at least two layers of the same material, but also different materials.
- All or some layers of such a laminate that forms a surface insulation material can be made from one or more different exemplary embodiments of a polymer blend according to the invention and/or a combination of at least one layer of a polymer blend according to the invention combined with a layer of one other material, which is used, for example, to cover the polymer blend when manufacturing the insulation system, are present in the laminate.
- the “other material” in a laminate that forms a surface insulation material can be, for example, a laminating paper as is used for slot linings according to the prior art, such as an aramid paper, such as made of mAramid .
- a “surface insulation material” can also be in the form of a pliable, flexible foil, which is preferably a single layer, but may also be multi-layered, i.e. a pliable, flexible laminate of several layers.
- a “surface insulation material” can also be in the form of a pliable, flexible foil, which is preferably a single layer, but may also be multi-layered, i.e. a pliable, flexible laminate of several layers.
- polymers such as can be used here as blend partners in addition to the copolymer based on polyetherimide and siloxane
- DIN-standard upper-case letter sequences that largely correspond to the US American Standard ASTM are designated as abbreviations.
- PEK stands for polyetherketone and PEI for polyetherimide.
- Copolymers in turn, refer to polymers that are composed of two or more different types of monomer units.
- the solid surface insulation material which can be used, for example, as a replacement for a mica tape of a winding tape insulation for the VPI process, is present as a film or laminate in a wide roll or as a tape in a narrow roll or as a strip-shaped section of a film or laminate .
- This--for example--strip of a polymer blend according to the invention can be impregnated and cured in a VPI process with a synthetic resin, for example a duromer, and then fixed in the arrangement in the insulation system, for example for the main insulation of a stator.
- the use of one or more sulfur-containing polymers as additional blending partners - either partially crystalline or amorphous - has proven to be suitable, among other things because film production and also processing by extrusion without significant segregation with the remaining blending partners is possible and the partial discharge resistance is further improved.
- the partially crystalline sulphur-containing polymers such as polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) are also primarily used to increase the partial discharge resistance, but also because of the spherulites in the Blends that bring about a certain residual strength above the Tg, so that the polymer components of the insulation system do not drip off at operating temperatures above the Tg, but remain rubber-like in the insulation system and solidify again when it cools down.
- PPS polyphenylene sulphide
- a sulfur-containing polymer compound selected from the class of sulfur-containing polymers such as the polysulfones -PSU -, including, for example, polyphenylene sulfide -PPS, polyphenylene sulfone - PPSU, polyether sulfone - PESU and / or polyarylene sulfone - PAS, polybisaryl sulfone, such as poly bisphenylene sulfone, etc. may be added to the polymer blend according to the invention alone or in any combination.
- the amount of added sulfur-containing polymer is in the range between 1% by weight and 25% by weight, in particular between 3% by weight and 20% by weight and particularly preferably between 4% by weight and 15% by weight.
- All of the sulfur-containing high-temperature thermoplastics mentioned can be used on their own and/or in any desired combinations and mixtures.
- the three blend partners, copolymer, and - for example - PEI and PEEK in approximately equal mass fractions in the blend, for example all three partners in the range between 15% by weight and 33% by weight, in particular between 20% by weight and 30% by weight, particularly preferably between 23% by weight and 27% by weight.
- the copolymer based on polyetherimide and siloxane is present in the smallest proportion, the two thermoplastic blend partners are then both in higher proportions by mass, which in turn can be the same or different.
- polyetherimide-siloxane based copolymer is present in at least 15% by weight of the polymer blend, PEI in at least 17 to 20% by weight and PEK, eg PEEK, in at least 35% by weight.
- PEI is present in at least 12% by weight, copolymer based on polyetherimide and siloxane in at least 20% by weight and PEEK in at least 33% by weight.
- the polymer blend can also be filled, with reinforcing fillers such as, for example, reinforcing fibers, in particular glass fibers, for example in the form of short glass fibers, being able to be present as filler.
- reinforcing fillers such as, for example, reinforcing fibers, in particular glass fibers, for example in the form of short glass fibers, being able to be present as filler.
- the “copolymer based on polyetherimide and siloxane” also has potential in unblended form as an insulating material in the medium and high voltage range with regard to resistance to partial discharges.
- the softening point of the copolymer alone as a surface insulation material is only slightly above 170.degree. C., so that it cannot be used unchanged as a surface insulation material in an insulation system at higher operating temperatures, particularly at operating temperatures above 180.degree.
- a polymer blend according to a preferred embodiment of the invention ie a blend of a copolymer based on polyetherimide and siloxane with two thermoplastics, here in particular PEI and PEEK, in an amount of, for example, 10 to 90% by weight of PEI and PEEK together, the copolymer results in such an improved surface insulation material, which can be processed as a film and in a temperature range - meaning at an operating temperature - of an electrical machine insulated therewith of, for example, 170°C up to 250°C can be used.
- drive motors and traction motors are electrical machines that come into consideration because they are operated at high temperatures, i.e. temperatures above 155°C.
- the engine operating temperature is preferably below the Tg of the polymer blend used according to the present invention.
- a polymer blend according to one exemplary embodiment for example with 25% by weight of copolymer, 35% by weight of PEI and 40% by weight of PEEK, makes it possible to produce a film as a mica-free surface insulating material.
- the solid insulating materials that have hitherto been used as winding tape insulation and which basically contain mica can be produced here without layered silicate and in particular without mica and above all with the same good or even better quality.
- the sustainability aspect should also be mentioned in particular, since "mica" is a natural substance.
- the invention makes it possible to conserve a natural substance that is mainly degraded by hand because a polymer blend according to the invention is suitable as a surface insulation material and as a solid insulation material and has a high resistance to partial discharges for motors in the above-mentioned heat classes up to 250°C has been proven.
- the partial discharge resistance is evaluated using a surface profilometer by determining the specific erosion volume after electrical ageing. This is carried out based on IEC 60343.
- the test setup and test conditions can be found in the publication: n. Müller; Slang; R.Moos: "Influence of ambient conditions on electrical partial discharge resistance of epoxy anhydride based polymers using IEC 60343 method". Transactionson Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 2019.
- the copolymer based on polyetherimide and siloxane is a block copolymer.
- the proportion of siloxane in the copolymer is in the range from 0.1% by weight to 90% by weight, in particular 10% by weight to 60% by weight and in particular 20% by weight to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the copolymer.
- the atomic proportion of silicon atoms in the copolymer is 0% to 30% atomic percent, in particular from 0% to 25%, in particular 0% to 15%.
- the polyetherimide-siloxane copolymer is a block copolymer of general formula (I) where - R 1-6 are the same or different and selected from the group of o substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic monocycles having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, o substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic polycycles having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, o substituted or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbons having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, o substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated hydrocarbons having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; - V represents a 4-valence linking group selected from the group consisting of o substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic monocycles and polycycles having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, o substituted or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbons having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, o substituted or unsubstituted
- one or more additives can be present in the copolymer.
- one or more metal oxide(s) such as TiO 2 and/or those with one of the following molecular formulas Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 S 4 and/or Na 6 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 S 2 .
- Further additives can be Fe 2 O 3 and/or MnFe 2 O 4 and/or electrically non-conductive carbon-based fillers, such as carbon black, suitable additives.
- the additive particles can be present partially or completely, over the entire surface or over part of the surface, equipped with an SiO 2 coating in the surface insulation material, ie the part of the insulation system comparable to the mica tape of the insulation systems customary up to now.
- additives also inhibit oxidation, so that the heat class and/or the temperature index of a surface insulation material produced with them can be further increased.
- Additives are mixed in, for example, during the production of the blend.
- Other additives, leveling agents, color pigments, quartz particles and others can be added to the blend and/or the impregnating agent to produce the insulation system.
- siloxane is basically understood to mean a compound with at least one —Si—O—Si unit, in particular those which form an Si—O—Si backbone in the polymer, as is customary in silicones.
- a polydialkylsiloxane such as polydimethylsiloxane or polydiarylsiloxane such as polydiphenylsiloxane are simple forms of a siloxane.
- siloxanes such as a polyarylalkylsiloxane.
- the well-known thermoplastic is known as polyetherimide or "PEI", which can be used in a variety of ways because it is resistant to high temperatures and is classified as flame-retardant. This in particular because it shows low smoke development, if it does burn. PEI has high strength, also high dielectric strength, low weight and is resistant to UV light and gamma rays.
- PEI is commercially available as "ULTEM®".
- the polyetherimide is used once to form the copolymer with siloxane, ie the monomers of the polyetherimide and the monomers of the siloxane are cured together to form a polymer.
- PEI is used to produce the polymer blend, independently of the copolymer used, when mixing the copolymer to form the polymer blend according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
- Polyetheretherketone PEEK is a high-temperature-resistant thermoplastic and belongs to the polyaryletherketone group of substances. PEEK is solid at room temperature with a melting point of 335°C.
- PEEK is partially crystalline and is resistant to almost all organic and inorganic chemicals. It is also flame retardant and shows high partial discharge resistance.
- PEEK for example, is marketed by Evonic® in a radiopaque form.
- the polymer blend is formed by simply mixing the at least three components, copolymer, with two thermoplastics, eg PEI and PEEK.
- the properties of the polymer blend particularly with regard to temperature resistance, correspond neither to those of the copolymer nor to those of the thermoplastics alone.
- a polymer blend in this sense is a purely physical mixture; no new chemical bonds are created between the macromolecules.
- a duromer is preferably used as the impregnating resin for forming the synthetic resin of a winding tape insulation and/or a slot box from the flat foil material by, for example, the VPI process of the wound insulation, ie for impregnating the winding tape insulation.
- the VPI process of the wound insulation ie for impregnating the winding tape insulation.
- polyester, formaldehyde, epoxy, novolak, silicone, Polyesterimide, polyurethane and any mixtures, blends and copolymers of the aforementioned compounds are used.
- Impregnating resins for slot linings and/or winding tape insulation are generally known, inter alia from the patent specifications mentioned above. The solid insulation materials are impregnated with these impregnating resins and the resin is then cured to complete the insulation system.
- mAramid and related aramid polymers are related to nylon but have aromatic backbones and are therefore stiffer and more durable.
- mAramid is an example of a meta variant of aramid, for example Kevlar® is a para-aramid.
- mAramids have excellent thermal, chemical and radiation resistance for a polymeric material. mA-ramid withstands temperatures of up to 370°C.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show diagrams of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis DMA, which is recognized as the most sensitive method for measuring the glass transition temperature Tg is. Measurements were made with the Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer Discovery DMA850 from TA Instruments. The storage modulus, which roughly corresponds to the modulus of elasticity, is measured plotted against the temperature. What both diagrams have in common is that, above a certain temperature, there is a rapid drop, i.e. the Tg drops rapidly or the polymer blend loses its strength. bility, although a rubbery state could be recognized in the examples shown, but no deliquescence of the polymer blend.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show diagrams of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis DMA, which is recognized as the most sensitive method for measuring the glass transition temperature Tg is. Measurements were made with the Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer Discovery DMA850 from TA Instruments. The storage modulus, which roughly corresponds to the modulus of elasticity, is measured plotted against the temperature. What both diagrams have in common is that, above a certain temperature, there
- FIG. 1 shows dashed lines as a reference sample, a photograph of the non-blended block copolymer—here a sample of the Siltem® STM1600 material from Sabic and—as a solid line an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention STM1600®+PPS+PEEK+PEI.
- the polymer blend according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention from the copolymer+PPS+PEEK+PEI retains its rigidity and strength much longer than the reference sample and even at 240° C. it still has a modulus of elasticity or storage shows a modulus of over 50 MPa.
- the pure copolymer shows a significantly lower Tg and already has this value of 50 MPa at 180°C.
- FIG. 2 also shows the storage modulus plotted against the temperature, but again from a second exemplary embodiment of the invention against the reference of the pure copolymer. A very high Tg of over 180°C can again be seen.
- This exemplary embodiment shows the polymer blend in a different mixture, this time with PEI in an amount of 50% by weight.
- the copolymer, PEEK and the sulphur-containing polymer component together also make up 50% by weight, with PPS present therein at only 5% by weight.
- FIG. 3 shows an exemplary structure of a surface insulation material according to an embodiment of the invention.
- a layer made of a polymer blend 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be seen in the center of FIG. This layer is surrounded on both sides by a covering layer 2, for example an aramid paper. The three layers are connected via laminating adhesive 3.
- the polymer blend according to the invention shows many advantages, including the reproducibility typical of synthetic materials, which is an advantage over the natural material mica. Furthermore, all relevant mica components in the respective insulation systems can be replaced with the proposed blend.
- the production of films from the material is very inexpensive and simple thanks to the extrusion process. Any necessary further processing of the foils to form laminates (such as the further processing of mica paper to form laminates in the prior art) is very simple. Further processing into narrow rolls as a substitute for mica tape is also possible.
- the wire insulation can be produced by wire extrusion. In principle, the bending radii of the thermoplastic insulation mentioned can be selected to be narrower than that of insulation containing mica, since the material expansions are significantly higher. This can result in constructive advantages.
- mica and/or mica paper can be used in electrical insulation can be replaced or at least greatly reduced.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21216016.2A EP4199006A1 (de) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Isolationssystem, verwendung eines polymerblends und elektrische maschine mit isolationssystem |
| DE202021106928.7U DE202021106928U1 (de) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Isolationssystem und elektrische Maschine mit Isolationssystem |
| PCT/EP2022/085628 WO2023117588A1 (de) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-12-13 | Isolationssystem, verwendung eines polymerblends und elektrische maschine mit isolationssystem |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4420141A1 true EP4420141A1 (de) | 2024-08-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22836102.8A Pending EP4420141A1 (de) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-12-13 | Isolationssystem, verwendung eines polymerblends und elektrische maschine mit isolationssystem |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250062051A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4420141A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023117588A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023205238A1 (de) * | 2023-06-05 | 2024-12-05 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Isolation für über Stromrichter betriebene elektrische Maschinen, elektrische Maschine dazu |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0323142B1 (de) * | 1987-12-24 | 1993-09-08 | PIRELLI GENERAL plc | Ternäre Mischungen als Leistungsisolation |
| WO2005027306A2 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-24 | Black & Decker Inc. | Field assemblies and methods of making same |
| DE102011083228A1 (de) | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Isoliersysteme mit verbesserter Teilentladungsbeständigkeit, Verfahren zur Herstellung dazu |
| EP2763142A1 (de) | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Imprägnierharz für einen Elektroisolationskörper, Elektroisolationskörper und Verfahren zum Herstellen des Elektroisolationskörpers |
| CN107532041A (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-01-02 | 沙特基础工业全球技术有限公司 | 聚(醚酰亚胺‑硅氧烷)‑芳香族聚酮组合物及由其制造的制品 |
| JP7541531B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2024-08-28 | エセックス フルカワ マグネット ワイヤ ユーエスエイ エルエルシー | 熱可塑性絶縁体を有するマグネットワイヤ |
| CN114761235A (zh) * | 2019-10-02 | 2022-07-15 | 美国埃赛克斯古河电磁线有限责任公司 | 聚合物绝缘膜 |
| DE102020208760A1 (de) | 2020-07-14 | 2022-01-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Isolationssystem aus festem Isolationsstoff und Imprägnierharz |
-
2022
- 2022-12-13 EP EP22836102.8A patent/EP4420141A1/de active Pending
- 2022-12-13 WO PCT/EP2022/085628 patent/WO2023117588A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-13 US US18/721,396 patent/US20250062051A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023117588A1 (de) | 2023-06-29 |
| US20250062051A1 (en) | 2025-02-20 |
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Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Owner name: SIEMENS MOBILITY GMBH |