EP4416376A1

EP4416376A1 - Machine chisel, retaining device, removing system and method

Info

Publication number: EP4416376A1
Application number: EP22802062.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jörg Bretschneider; Taras Shepel; Serdar Yasar
Original assignee: Rockfeel GmbH
Current assignee: Rockfeel GmbH
Priority date: 2021-10-11
Filing date: 2022-10-10
Publication date: 2024-08-21
Also published as: DE102021126279A1; WO2023061924A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine chisel (100), a retaining device (300), a removing system (600) and a method. The machine chisel (100) can comprise: a chisel tip (102); a shank (104), which extends away from the chisel tip along a longitudinal axis (107) of the machine chisel; and a reference body (106), which has at least one scale (112) which is made of a magnetisable material and can be detected by sensors, the reference body, the shank and the chisel tip being rigidly connected to one another. The retaining device (300) can comprise: a chisel holder (302) having an opening (316) to receive a machine chisel; a locking device (202, 402) which is designed to make a form fit with the machine chisel received in the opening, thereby limiting movement of the machine chisel; a receiving region (320) to receive a portion of the machine chisel, the accommodating region being exposed relative to the opening; and at least one sensor (306), which is disposed on the receiving region and is designed to contactlessly detect the portion extending into the receiving region, and/or the reference body (106) being designed to be connected to the shank (104) with a form fit.

Description

Machine bit, holding device, removal system and method

Various exemplary embodiments relate to a machine bit, a holding device, an ablation system and a method, for example a method relating to a machine bit.

In the context of raw material production in mining, the importance of smaller deposits for numerous valuable minerals has increased, since comparatively large deposits are exhausted and/or more difficult to find. Here, a selective extraction of the respective mineral may be desirable, i.e. processes that aim to ensure that the mineral is mined with as little dilution as possible by accompanying minerals (e.g. gangue minerals, inclusions and/or waste rock). This reduces the effort involved in the subsequent processing of the raw minerals (e.g. during transport, crushing, mechanical and chemical separation of the valuable materials) and in the heaping of residues. At the same time, selective extraction itself can be more complex than conventional extraction methods such as drilling and blasting. If selective extraction reduces material flows and energy consumption in the overall balance, it leads to more sustainable and more economical mining and reduces environmental damage.

Selective mining of minerals can be accomplished manually by an operator of a rock excavation machine, the operator traditionally relying on visual information regarding the rocks being mined and, where applicable, previously collected information from drilling data (also known as reconnaissance drilling), shock inspections, and/or face mapping . However, water, mined material (also known as heaps) or dust generated during rock mining often obscure the operator's view so that changes in trend or condition of the valuable mineral bearing ore bodies cannot be continuously monitored.

The dismantling process must therefore be interrupted regularly to inspect the joint visually, for example as soon as the dust has settled. This leads to a considerable expenditure of time, a lower extraction rate and thus higher mineral extraction costs. Since no current information is available during the rock excavation, direct process control of the selective excavation between the face inspections is not possible. This leads to an increased proportion of accompanying minerals in the mined raw ore and correspondingly high costs for the subsequent processing, as described above. The aforementioned exploratory drilling, face inspections and/or working face mapping also require an interruption of the rock excavation and thus increase the time required. If valuable minerals and waste rock are visually similar, visual inspection (e.g. underground) can only provide limited information. Furthermore, the gain of a visual inspection of the joint is very dependent on the skill and experience of the operator and therefore requires experienced personnel. According to various embodiments, it was recognized that a selective removal of material (eg rock excavation) can be significantly improved if information about the removed or removed material is provided in the ongoing process, even if the operator's view of the working face is restricted. In this context, it was recognized that such information can be better obtained in that parameters of the machine bit, which is used by the mining machine (eg rock mining machines) to remove the material, are directly detected by sensors.

According to various embodiments, movements of the machine bit relative to the bit holder during the removal can be detected by sensors and, based on this, information regarding the material removed or to be removed (e.g. a type and/or physical properties, such as hardness, of the material) can be determined. This improves the data situation and thus the control of the material removal machine (e.g. rock excavation machine) in such a way that selective material removal (e.g. rock excavation) is improved and also requires no interruptions in the removal for the purpose of visual monitoring. Demonstratively, a selective removal of material with little dilution can be realized independently of dust development or covering by already mined material (heaps) even if the course or the consistency of the ore body changes spatially. The above-mentioned information regarding the material removed or to be removed can also be determined using the embodiments described herein independently of the skills and experience of the operator and even without a direct operator (e.g. in the case of an autonomous mining machine).

According to various embodiments, a machine bit, a holding device, a removal system and a method are provided which improve selective material removal (e.g. in rock excavation, civil engineering, building construction, tunnel construction, demolition, etc.) and thereby make it possible, for example, to increase the efficiency of a removal system or .of a removal process and thus reduce operating costs. For example, in rock quarrying, the improved selective rock quarrying also leads to a reduced effort (and thus costs) for processing the quarried rock.

It was clearly recognized that a machine bit with a scale that can be detected by sensors makes it possible to detect a mechanical excitation of the machine bit (e.g. movements of the entire machine bit or at least part of it) and that this is directly dependent on the material to be removed and thus conclusions can be drawn Properties of the material to be removed allows. This excitation of the machine chisel can be caused by the counterforce generated during material removal, but also separately for the purpose of maintenance and testing. According to a first exemplary implementation, the machine bit (eg a point-shank bit) can be accommodated with play in a holding device, with the movement of the entire machine bit in the holding device being recorded within the game, for example in order to determine information relating to the removed material based thereon. According to this or an alternative second exemplary implementation, the deformation of the machine bit (e.g. a movement of the chisel head caused thereby) can be detected, preferably when the machine bit (e.g. a flat chisel) is rigidly attached to the holding device, for example in order to obtain information based thereon regarding the removed identify materials.

Show it

FIGS. 1A to 1H each show a machine chisel 100 according to various embodiments;

FIG. 2A shows a removal device 200 consisting of a machine chisel 100 and a holding device 300 according to various embodiments;

FIGS. 2B to 2U each show different components of the removal device 200 shown in FIG. 2A according to different embodiments, which of course can also be provided as an individual assembly separately from the removal device 200;

FIGS. 3A to 3C each show a holding device 300 according to various embodiments;

FIG. 3D shows a data processing device 330 according to various embodiments; and

FIG. 4A shows a locking device 202 of the first type according to various embodiments;

FIG. 4B shows a removal device 200 with a locking device 402 of the second type according to various embodiments;

FIGS. 5A to 5E aspects of a process of removing material;

FIGS. 6A to 6C each show a removal system according to different embodiments;

FIGS. 7 to 11 each show a flow chart of a method according to different embodiments; and

FIGS. 12A to 12C each show different embodiments in which the locking device has the reference body. In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In this regard, directional terminology such as "top", "bottom", "front", "back", "front", "rear", etc. is used with reference to the orientation of the figure(s) being described. Because components of embodiments can be positioned in a number of different orientations, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting. It is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It is understood that the features of the various exemplary embodiments described herein can be combined with one another unless specifically stated otherwise. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Various embodiments relate to a machine bit. A machine chisel, as used herein, can be understood as a tool which can consist of components that are rigidly connected to one another (e.g. materially, force-fittingly and/or positively). The gouge may be elongated (e.g., from its back to its front) along a longitudinal axis. The machine chisel can have a chisel tip (illustrated on the front side), through which, for example, the longitudinal axis of the machine chisel can run. The chisel point forms, for example, the front edge of the chisel and can have a shape which tapers (e.g. conical) towards the front.

In various embodiments, directional terminology is used, such as "along," parallel, "transverse," etc. It is understood that these terms refer to preferred directions, such as a length or contour of a structure or body. For example, a structure (e.g. a depression) can extend along a path with the longitudinal extension of the path as the preferred direction. The directional terminology can indicate how the preferred direction (e.g. along the path) is oriented with respect to the preferred direction of another structure or with respect to an axis (e.g. the longitudinal axis). Consequently, the directional terminology describes a positional relationship. A spatial position can describe both a location (e.g. in the coordinate system 101, 103, 105) and an orientation.

Two or more of the machine bit components may optionally be part of a monolithic body, eg, machined in one piece. Examples of machine bit components include: a shank (also referred to as a bit shank) and a bit head. The chisel head and/or the chisel shank can be bodies of revolution, for example. The chisel head can have a chisel tip (clearly on the front side of the machine chisel) and can be connected to the shank (which extends in the direction of the rear side) on its side opposite the chisel tip or the side facing the back of the machine chisel, for example with a material bond. Alternatively or additionally, the chisel head can have a collar (also referred to as a chisel collar) which protrudes from the chisel tip and/or the chisel shank.

Optionally, the chisel head can have a chisel pin, which has the chisel point. The chisel pin is preferably harder than the chisel collar and/or the chisel shank. The chisel pin can, for example, be embedded in the chisel collar, e.g. pressed in. The chisel pin can be conical, parabolic or stepped.

The chisel pin can be ceramic, for example, or can include or be made of at least one ceramic (e.g. a carbide, such as tungsten carbide, and/or nitride). The chisel collar and/or the chisel shank can be metallic or contain at least one metal, e.g. steel, or be made of it.

A rigid connection as used herein can be understood as a hinge-free connection, e.g., blocking all degrees of freedom. Two geometric objects that are rigidly connected to one another (e.g. bodies or sections) can be set up in a stationary manner relative to one another and all the forces acting on them can be completely exchanged with one another. A rigid connection is a connection that keeps the geometric objects fixed and stationary relative to each other during their movement. For example, a rigid connection can have: a material connection, a non-positive connection (e.g. produced by means of pressing or shrinking) and/or a positive connection (e.g. blocking all degrees of freedom) (e.g. produced by screwing and/or snapping in).

A magnetizable material (also referred to as magnetic material) can be understood herein as a material that has a magnetic permeability number significantly greater than 1, eg ferrites at 4 to 15,000, cobalt at 80 to 200 or iron at 300 to 10,000. The magnetic material can be ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, for example. The magnetic material can include or be formed from hard-magnetic magnetic material and/or soft-magnetic magnetic material, for example. The magnetic material can have a magnetic polarization, eg a magnetization, so that a dipole is provided by means of the magnetic material. A non-magnetic material (also referred to as a non-magnetizable material) can be understood herein to mean a material that has a magnetic permeability of about 1 (eg a paramagnetic or also a slightly diamagnetic material such as copper), eg in a range from about 0.9 to about 5, for example in a range from about 0.9 to about 1.1. The hard magnetic material may have a coercivity greater than about 500 kiloamperes per meter (kA/m), eg, greater than about 1000 kA/m.

The hard-magnetic magnet material (also referred to as permanent-magnetic magnet material) can, for example, have or be formed from one or more than one permanent magnet (also referred to as permanent magnet). A permanent magnet (also referred to as a permanent-magnetic pole body) can be understood to mean a body made of a hard-magnetic magnetic material. The hard-magnetic magnet material can have a chemical compound and/or an alloy, for example.

The hard magnetic material may include iron, cobalt and/or nickel (e.g. a ferrite). The hard magnetic magnet material may include or be formed from a rare earth metal (such as neodymium, samarium, praseodymium, dysprosium, terbium, and/or gadolinium), iron, cobalt, and/or nickel. For example, the hard-magnetic magnet material can include or be formed from at least neodymium, iron and/or boron, e.g., a chemical compound thereof. Alternatively or additionally, the hard-magnetic magnet material can contain at least aluminum, nickel and/or cobalt or be formed from them, e.g. a chemical compound thereof. Alternatively or additionally, the hard-magnetic magnet material can contain at least samarium and/or cobalt or be formed from it, e.g. a chemical compound thereof.

The hard-magnetic magnetic material can include or be formed from, for example, neodymium-iron-boron (Nd2FeiB) or samarium-cobalt (SmCos and Sr Coiz). More generally, the hard magnetic magnet material (e.g. the or each permanent magnet) may be a rare earth magnet material (such as neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) or samarium cobalt (SmCo)), a ferrite magnet material (e.g. a hard ferrite magnet material), a bismanol magnet material and/or comprise or be formed from an aluminum-nickel-cobalt magnetic material.

The soft magnetic material may have a coercivity of less than about 500 kA/m, e.g., less than about 100 kA/m, e.g., less than about 10 kA/m, e.g., less than about 1 kA/m. The soft magnetic magnet material can have or be formed from an alloy containing iron, nickel and/or cobalt, steel, a powder material and/or a soft ferrite (e.g. containing nickel tin and/or manganese tin).

Reference is made herein to a scale that can be detected by sensors. The scale can have a sensor-detectable (eg geometric and/or magnetic) pattern which has a number of structures (also referred to as scale element in this context). In this context, a structure can be understood as a geometric (eg in the case of a profile) and/or magnetic (eg in the case of a magnetic pole) variation which can be detected by sensors. In some embodiments, each scale element may have a geometric profile and/or consist of a Magnetic material can be formed. A profiled magnetic material, for example, improves the ability of the scale to be detected by sensors. The geometric extent of each scale element spans a dimension of the scale (also referred to as the scale dimension) and can be converted into a geometric specification, for example a distance or an angle, by means of the sensor. In some embodiments, the scale that can be detected by sensors has one or more than one edge, eg an edge adjoining an end face of the chisel shank and/or an edge running along a closed path (in which, for example, the chisel axis is arranged).

A sensor (also referred to as a detector) can be understood as a converter that is set up to detect a property of its environment that corresponds to the sensor type (e.g. qualitatively or quantitatively) as a measured variable, e.g. a physical property, a chemical property and/or a material Nature. The measured variable is the physical variable (also referred to as the controlled variable) to which the measurement by the sensor applies. An example of a quantitatively recorded measured variable is, for example, a magnetic field strength, the actual state of which can be converted into a measured value by means of the sensor.

Each sensor can be part of a measurement chain that has a corresponding infrastructure (e.g. having a processor, storage medium and/or bus system and the like). The measuring chain can be set up to control the corresponding sensor, to process its detected measured variable as an input variable, and based thereon to provide an electrical signal as an output variable, which represents the detected input variable. For example, the output variable can indicate the measured value. The measurement chain can be implemented, for example, by means of a so-called control device.

In various embodiments, the sensor itself can already have a part of the measurement chain, which preprocesses acquired sensor data and outputs the preprocessed sensor data. It is therefore understood that a so-called intelligent sensor, which preprocesses captured sensor data and outputs this preprocessed sensor data, for example as a digital time series, and a sensor module, which has a sensor coupled to electronics (e.g. for detecting an amplitude), also as described herein sensor can be understood.

FIG. 1A through FIG. 1H each show a machine bit 100 according to different embodiments in different schematic views.

The machine chisel 100 can have a chisel point 102 . The machine bit 100 can also have a shank 104 (also referred to as a bit shank). The shank 104 can extend away from the chisel point 102 along a longitudinal axis 107 (also referred to as the chisel longitudinal axis or chisel axis) of the machine chisel 100 (eg in direction 105). The shaft 104 can, for example, be a body of rotation with respect to the longitudinal axis 107 (e.g. serving as the axis of rotation). and/or be cylindrical. The shank 104 can be, for example, circular-cylindrical. According to various embodiments, the shank 104 can be a round shank. Clearly, the machine chisel 100 can be a point-shank chisel in various preferred embodiments. Alternatively, the cross section of the shank 104 may not be rotationally symmetrical. Non-rotationally symmetrical, as used herein, can be understood to mean a finite n-fold rotational symmetry with respect to the longitudinal axis 107, where n can be any natural number greater than or equal to 1. According to various embodiments, the cross section may have a rectangular or trapezoidal cross section. For example, the gouge 100 in this case may be a flat bit (see, e.g., FIG. 1H).

According to various embodiments, machine bit 100 may include a bit head 108 . The chisel head 108 can extend away from the chisel tip 102 along the longitudinal axis 107 toward the shank 104 . The bit head 108 and the shank 104 may be rigidly connected to one another (e.g., bonded, force-fitted, and/or form-fitted). For example, the rigid connection (e.g. the form fit and/or material connection) can be set up to transmit a force acting on the chisel head 108 (e.g. along the longitudinal axis 107) directly to the chisel shank 104 and vice versa. The cutter head 108 can be a body of rotation with respect to the longitudinal axis 107 (e.g. serving as the axis of rotation). A rigid connection by means of a positive fit between the shank 104 and the chisel head 108 can be achieved, for example, by the shank 104 being pressed into the chisel head 108 by the chisel head 108 being shrunk onto the shank 104 (e.g. thermally).

A rigid bonded connection between the shank 104 and the pick head 108 can be achieved, for example, by forming the shank 104 and the pick head 108 as a monolithic component (e.g., welded together) or from a common component. The chisel head 108 and the shank 104 can be made in one piece, for example. According to various embodiments, the shank 104 and the chisel head 108, which has the chisel point 102, can be cohesively connected to one another and form a body of rotation about the longitudinal axis 107 of the machine chisel 100.

The chisel head 108 may, in some preferred embodiments, be multi-part, for example including a chisel pin 109 (see FIG. 1B, for example). The chisel pin 109 (eg comprising or consisting of a ceramic) can have the chisel tip 102 on the front side of the machine chisel 100. The chisel pin 109 can have a tapering (eg conical and/or conical) shape towards the chisel tip 102. The chisel head 108 can have, for example, a head base body (eg having or consisting of metal) in which the chisel pin 109 is embedded, eg pressed. The head body can be rigidly connected to the shaft 104 . The head body can be designed, for example, as a chisel collar 111 that protrudes from the shank 104 . The chisel pin 109 can, for example, be embedded in the chisel collar 111, for example pressed in.

The gouge 100 may include a detent structure 110 (see, for example, FIG. 1C). The locking structure 110 can be set up in such a way that the machine chisel 100 can be positively held in a holding device (e.g. the holding device 300 described herein) by means of a locking device (see, for example, FIG. 2l). The form fit between the machine bit 100 and the holding device 300 can be set up in such a way that the machine bit 100 is arranged with play in the holding device 300 (i.e. their movement relative to one another is limited) or that machine bit 100 is rigidly connected to the holding device 300.

In the first case, the machine bit 100 can move within the limits of the clearance. For example, a positive fit with play can be formed between the shank 104 of the machine bit 100 and the holding device 300 . The machine chisel 100 can clearly be arranged loosely in the holding device 300 . The form fit between the machine chisel 100 and the holding device 300 can be formed transversely to the longitudinal axis 107 .

In the second case, the machine bit 100, which is rigidly connected to the holding device 300, cannot move relative to the holding device 300. Clearly, movement of the machine bit relative to the fixture 300 may be prevented (i.e. blocked).

The retention structure 110 may have one or more than one interlocking profile. Examples of the interlocking profile include: a recess extending into the shank 104 (eg, toward the longitudinal axis), a protrusion protruding from the shank 104 (eg, away from the longitudinal axis). The locking structure 110 can be, for example, a circumferential indentation (eg groove or notch) of the shank 104 (eg running around the longitudinal axis 107). The locking structure 110 can alternatively or additionally have a drilled hole in the shank 104 or be formed therefrom. The retention structure 110 is described in more detail with respect to the holding device 300 and the removal device 200 . The locking structure 110 can provide the respective positive locking in interaction with a locking device. For example, cooperation of the locking structure 110 with a locking device 202 (see, for example, FIG. 4A) of the first type may permit movement of the machine bit 100 in the fixture 300 within the limits of clearance. In contrast, the interaction of the locking structure 110 with a locking device 402 of the second type (see FIG. 4B, for example) can prevent movement of the machine bit 100 in the holding device 300 . According to various embodiments, the gouge 100 may include a reference body 106 (see FIG. 1A, for example). In general, the reference body 106 can be a body or part of the shaft 104 that is rigidly connected to the shaft 104 (eg, materially, positively, and/or non-positively). The reference body 106 can, for example, be a reference area (eg as part) of the shaft 104 . For example, the reference body 106 can be a monolithic part of the stem 104 . Alternatively, the reference body 106 can be embedded in the shaft 104 or attached to it, eg screwed, glued or otherwise attached. For example, the reference body 106 and the shaft 104 can be releasably (eg screwed or plugged) connected to one another or brought into a rigidly connected state by means of another form fit. In some embodiments, the reference body 106 can be a body of rotation with respect to the longitudinal axis 107 (eg serving as the axis of rotation). Alternatively, the reference body 106 can be a body or part of the chisel head 108 that is rigidly connected to the chisel head 108 (eg, materially, positively and/or non-positively). For example, the reference body 106 can be a body that is rigidly connected to the chisel head 108 and is embedded in the chisel head 108 or attached to it, eg screwed, glued or otherwise attached. For example, the reference body 106 and the chisel head 108 can be releasably (eg screwed or plugged) connected to one another or brought into a rigidly connected state by means of another form fit.

According to various embodiments, the reference body 106, the shank 104 and the chisel head 108 can be rigidly connected to one another. For example, the chisel head 108 can be arranged on a first end face of the shank 104 and can be rigidly connected thereto. For example, the reference body 106 can be arranged on a second end face of the shaft 104 opposite the first end face and can be rigidly connected thereto. According to various embodiments, the reference body 106, the shank 104 and the chisel head 108 can form a body of revolution about the longitudinal axis 107 (e.g. serving as the axis of rotation).

The reference body 106 can have at least one (i.e. exactly one or more than one, e.g. two or more, e.g. three or more, etc.) scale that can be detected by sensors. The scale that can be detected by sensors is preferably made of at least one magnetizable (e.g. a ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic) material or can at least have this. Alternatively or additionally, the scale that can be detected by sensors can have one or more than one scale that can be detected optically.

The senseable scale, as used herein, in some embodiments may include a magnetic pattern and/or at least one (eg exactly one or more than one) magnetic pole. The scale, which consists of at least one magnetizable material and can be detected by sensors, can consist of one or more permanent magnets and already form the magnetic pattern and/or can consist of a material that can be magnetized to form the magnetic pattern (e.g. by means of an external permanent magnet, e.g. as part the one herein described holding device 300). According to various embodiments, a scale that can be detected by sensors can have or be formed from a dipole magnet, a diametral magnet, a pole ring and/or a pole rod.

A magnetic pattern can be provided, for example, by the magnetizable material having a structured (e.g. profiled) surface. A structured surface, as used herein, can be understood to mean, for example, a regular structure on the surface of the reference body 106. For example, the reference body 106 can have a plurality of depressions (e.g. trenches, grooves) and/or elevations (these structures can also be referred to as increments) arranged regularly in space. In this case, the structured surface of the reference body 106 can form the scale that can be detected by sensors. A scale provided by means of a structured surface that can be detected by sensors can also be referred to as a mechanical material measure. A mechanical scale can consist of a regular sequence of similar depressions in the material surface. In some embodiments, the shape of the depressions can be of secondary importance, for example if the spatial mass distribution of the magnetizable material is important. Examples of indentations are grooves with a (e.g. rounded) rectangular profile, V-shaped profile or round profile. A depression described herein can also be a (e.g. round) bore. The indentations can optionally be filled (e.g. partially or completely) with non-magnetizable solid material. This can prevent the indentations from filling with other material, such as metallic abrasion or rock dust, which could lead to incorrect measurements and/or increased wear. According to various embodiments, the scale or scales that can be detected by sensors can be covered by a layer of non-magnetizable material (e.g. thin compared to the diameter of the reference body 106). As a result, the structure as such can be hardly or not at all recognizable with the (human) eye, for example.

Exemplary implementations of the magnetic pattern are explained below. For example, a magnetizable (e.g., ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and/or antiferromagnetic) material and a paramagnetic material may alternate (e.g., in the form of stripes) forming the pattern. For example, a first magnetizable (e.g., ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, antiferromagnetic) material and a second magnetizable (e.g., ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, antiferromagnetic) material may alternate forming the pattern (e.g., in the form of stripes). In this case, the first magnetizable material and the second magnetizable material can have a different remanence and/or saturation magnetization. The magnetic pattern can form a magnetic scale.

More generally speaking, the (eg mechanical and/or magnetic) material measure of a scale that can be detected by sensors can be achieved by means of a geometry (eg a distance) of the scale elements (eg the depressions to each other or the magnetic pattern) and/or the magnetizable material.

A scale that can be detected by sensors can be arranged on the outside or in an internal cavity or in the shaft 104 . Various configurations of external sensor-detectable scales are described with reference to FIG. 1D to FIG. 1H described. An illustration of an internal sensory scale is shown in FIG. 2L and FIG. 2M shown.

More detailed implementations of the reference body 106 or of the scale that can be detected by sensors are explained below.

FIG. 1D shows a first senseable scale 112(1) according to various embodiments. The first sensory scale 112(1) can have elongate structures (e.g. profiles) along a respective closed path. For example, the elongate structures (e.g., bumps) may be composed of a magnetizable material having a different remanence and/or saturation magnetization than the regions lying between the elongate structures. Optionally, the material located between the bumps can be paramagnetic.

For example, the first senseable scale 112(1) may have a plurality of indentations, each indentation being located between two elongated ridges. Each of the plurality of indentations may extend along a self-contained path encircling the longitudinal axis 107 . The path can run along a surface (e.g. lateral surface) of the reference body 106 . Each indentation can, for example, extend towards the longitudinal axis 107 into the reference body 106 (e.g. its lateral surface). Each indentation may form a closed and/or circumferential moat about longitudinal axis 107 .

According to various embodiments, each of the plurality of indentations of the first senseable scale 112(1) may form a trench that extends along the closed path. The spacing between the indentations (e.g., in direction 105) and/or the extent (e.g., width) of a respective indentation of the plurality of indentations may form the first sensory scale 112(1). For example, the distance between the indentations and/or the extent of a respective indentation can span a dimension of the scale that can be detected by sensors. For example, each bump can form a magnetic pole of the first sensory scale 112(1).

FIG. 1E shows a second sensory scale 112(2) according to various embodiments. The second scale 112(2) that can be detected by sensors can have elongate structures (eg profiles) that run along a surface (eg lateral surface) of the reference body 106 in the Substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 107 (eg in direction 105). For example, the longitudinal extent of each of the structures can essentially lie in the plane defined by directions 103 and 105 . Optionally, the elongate structures can be curved along the surface of the reference body. The elongate structures can consist of a magnetizable material which has a different remanence and/or saturation magnetization than the regions lying between the elongate structures or the material in between is paramagnetic. The second senseable scale 112(2) may have multiple indentations. Each of the plurality of indentations of the second senseable scale 112(2) may extend longitudinally toward the shaft 104 (eg, in direction 105). Alternatively or additionally, two adjacent indentations of the plurality of indentations of the second scale 112 ( 2 ) that can be detected by sensors can be at a distance from one another that is transverse to the longitudinal axis 107 of the machine chisel 100 . According to various embodiments, each of the plurality of indentations of the second sensorable scale 112(2) may form a trench that extends along the longitudinal axis 107 (eg, toward the chisel tip 102). The distance between the indentations (eg in the circumferential direction of the reference body 106) and/or the extent (eg a width) of a respective indentation of the plurality of indentations can form the second scale 112(2) that can be detected by sensors. For example, the spacing between the indentations of the second senseable scale 112(2) and/or the extent of a respective indentation may span a dimension of the senseable scale. For example, the elevations of the second sensed scale 112(2) may form respective magnetic poles of the second sensed scale 112(2).

According to various embodiments, the plurality of indentations of the first sensing scale 112(1) and the plurality of indentations of the second sensing scale 112(2) may be oriented obliquely (or perpendicularly) to one another.

FIG. 1F and FIG. 1G each show an embodiment of a third sensory scale 112(3) according to various embodiments. The third scale 112 ( 3 ) that can be detected by sensors can be arranged on a side of the reference body 106 that faces away from the shaft 104 . With reference to FIG. 1F, the third senseable scale 112(3) may have a ray-like pattern. As described above, the beam-like pattern can be formed by means of a magnetizable material of different remanence and/or saturation magnetization or an intermediate paramagnetic material and/or the beam-like pattern can be formed by means of a plurality of depressions. For example, the third senseable scale may have multiple radial indentations (or other profiles). Each of the plurality of radiating indentations may extend toward the longitudinal axis 107 . With reference to FIG. 1G, the third senseable scale 112(3) may have a concentric pattern. The concentric pattern can be formed by means of a magnetizable material of different remanence and/or saturation magnetization or an intermediate paramagnetic material and/or the concentric pattern may be formed by multiple indentations. For example, the third senseable scale 112(3) may have a plurality of concentric indentations (or other profiles). Each of the plurality of concentrically aligned indentations may extend about the longitudinal axis 107 .

According to various embodiments, each of the plurality of depressions (radial or concentric) of the third senseable scale 112(3) may form a trench. The arrangement of the indentations (e.g. an angle between the rays of the radiating indentations or a distance between the concentric indentations) and/or the extension (e.g. a width or extent) of a respective indentation of the plurality of indentations can determine the third sensor-detectable scale 112( 3) form. For example, the distance between the indentations of the third sensored scale 112(3) and/or the extension of a respective indentation can span a dimension of the sensored scale transverse to the longitudinal axis 107.

According to various embodiments, the third senseable scale 112(3) may include both the radial pattern and the concentric pattern.

Each scale that can be detected by sensors can be set up in such a way that a translation and/or a rotation (e.g. a rotation) of the machine bit 100 can be detected in connection with a sensor. Axial, rotational and/or lateral movements of the machine bit 100 can clearly be detected. As described above, the gouge 100 can move within the limits of the clearance in the fixture 300 .

For example, the first sensory scale 112(1) may allow translation of the machine bit 100 (e.g., the shank 104) along the longitudinal axis (e.g., in direction 105) and/or rotation of the machine bit 100 (e.g., the shank 104) by one axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 107, e.g. independently of a rotation of the machine bit 100 about the longitudinal axis 107.

For example, the second sensored scale 112(2) may allow translation of the machine bit 100 (e.g., the shank 104) along an axis that is transverse to the longitudinal axis (e.g., in direction 101), and/or rotation of the machine bit 100 (e.g. of the shank 104) about the longitudinal axis 107, e.g. independently of a translation of the machine bit 100 along the longitudinal axis 107.

For example, the third sensorable scale 112(3) may allow translation of the machine bit 100 (eg, the shank 104) to be sensed transversely and/or parallel to the longitudinal axis. For example, the third senseable scale 112(3) may allow rotation of the Machining bit 100 about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 107 and/or about the longitudinal axis (e.g. in the case of a radial pattern).

According to various embodiments, the machine chisel 100 can have several scales that can be detected by sensors. For example, the at least one senseable scale may include the first senseable scale 112(1), the second senseable scale 112(2), and/or the third senseable scale 112(3). It is understood that the scales that can be detected by sensors are only exemplary and that other templates for the scales that can be detected by sensors can be used if they can be used to detect at least one translation and/or at least one rotation (e.g. rotation) of the machine bit 100.

According to various embodiments, the reference body 106 can be a body rigidly connected to the chisel head 108 or part of the chisel head 108 . A relevant machine bit 100 according to various embodiments is shown in FIG. 1H shown. In these embodiments, the shank 104 can preferably have a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section, for example when the machine bit 100 is a flat bit. The reference body 106 can have a fourth scale 112(4) that can be detected by sensors. The fourth sensory scale 112(4), similar to the second sensory scale 112(2), may have elongated structures that run along a surface of the reference body 106 (e.g., a surface of the chisel head 108). The fourth senseable ruler 112(4) is described with reference to FIG. 4B in more detail.

FIG. FIG. 2A shows a removal device 200 according to various embodiments, which may include the machine bit 100 and the holding device 300. FIG. FIG. 2B through FIG. 2U each show at least individual components of a removal device 200 according to various embodiments. The removal device 200 can have the machine chisel 100 . The removal device 200 can also have a holding device 300 (see also the description of FIGS. 3A to 3D and FIG. 4A). The holding device 300 can be a pick holder that is set up to accommodate a pick (e.g. with play). Here, the machine bit 100 can, for example, have a shape as shown in FIG. 1A through FIG. 1G shown pick. Alternatively, the fixture 300 may be a flat chisel holder configured to receive a flat chisel (e.g., without play, i.e., rigid). In this case, the gouge 100 can be, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 H flat chisel shown.

The holding device 300 can have one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) (eg exactly one sensor or more than one sensor). A number, N, of sensors can be any integer greater than or equal to 'T'. FIG. 2B shows an exemplary arrangement of multiple sensors. A first sensor 306(1), a second sensor 306(2), and a third sensor 306(3) are shown by way of example. Each sensor 306(n) of the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) can be set up to detect a sensor-detectable scale assigned to the sensor. Each scale that can be detected by sensors can be detected by means of one or more sensors.

According to various embodiments, at least one (e.g. each) sensor 306(n) of the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) can be set up to detect the associated scale that can be detected by sensors in a contactless manner. This can, for example, reduce (e.g. prevent) wear on the sensors and/or improve the quality of the measured values.

According to various embodiments, the reference body 106 can have the first sensory scale 112(1), the second sensory scale 112(2), and the third sensory scale 112(1). The holding device 300 can have the first sensor 306(1), which can be set up to detect the first scale 112(1) that can be detected by sensors. The holding device 300 can have the second sensor 306(2), which can be set up to detect the second scale 112(2) that can be detected by sensors. The holding device 300 can have the third sensor 306(3), which can be set up to detect the third scale 112(3) that can be detected by sensors. According to various embodiments, the holding device 300 can have a plurality of first sensors that are set up to detect the first scale 112(1) that can be detected by sensors. For example, the plurality of first sensors may be spaced apart and/or oriented at an angle to one another (e.g., perpendicular to one another). For example, the fixture 300 may include four first sensors 306(1) for sensing the first sensory scale 112(1). According to various embodiments, the holding device 300 can have a plurality of second sensors that are set up to detect the second scale 112(2) that can be detected by sensors. For example, the plurality of second sensors may be arranged at an angle to one another (e.g., perpendicular to one another). For example, the fixture 300 may include four second sensors 306(2) for sensing the second sensory scale 112(2). According to various embodiments, the holding device 300 can have a plurality of third sensors that are set up to detect the third scale 112(3) that can be detected by sensors.

At least one (e.g. each) sensor 306(n) of the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) can be configured to detect a field (e.g. a magnetic field and/or an electric field) emanating from the reference body 106 and/or a to detect the field influenced by the reference body 106 . A sensor described herein can also be a displacement sensor or a distance sensor.

As described herein, the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) may be configured to detect translation of the machine bit 100 parallel to the longitudinal axis 107, translation of the Machine bit 100 transverse to the longitudinal axis 107, a rotation of the machine bit 100 about the longitudinal axis 107, and / or a rotation of the machine bit 100 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 107 to detect. The scale or scales of the machine chisel 100 that can be detected by sensors can be set up in such a way that the respective translation and/or rotation can be detected by means of the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N). Clearly, the scale of the machine chisel 100 that can be detected by sensors and the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) of the holding device 300 can be matched to one another.

According to various embodiments, a sensor 306(n) of the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) can be set up to detect a distance of the reference body 106 from the sensor 306(n). A sensor 306(n) of the one or more sensors 306(n= 1 to N) can be set up to detect a distance (e.g. an amplitude) by which the reference body 106 moves relative to the sensor 306(n) (e.g. relative to the fixture 300, e.g. relative to the bit holder 302). A sensor 306(n) of the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) can be set up to detect a frequency at which the reference body 106 moves (e.g. a frequency of a translation and/or a frequency of a rotation).

According to various embodiments, the respective sensor can be set up in such a way that the frequency at which the reference body 106 moves during the respective material removal process can be detected. Cutting a rock, for example, can lead to vibration frequencies in a range from about 0.5 kHz to about 8 kHz, additionally influenced by the pressing force of the cutting system on the rock and by the relative speed of the cutting system with respect to the rock body during the attack. For example, the sensor may have a sample rate in a range from about 5 kHz to about 10 kHz, from about 15 kHz to about 20 kHz, or even greater than about 20 kHz.

A sensor 306(n) of the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) can be a magnetoresistive sensor, a Hall sensor, a capacitive sensor, or an inductive sensor (eg, an eddy current sensor). For example, the reference body 106 can be formed from an electrically conductive material, which enables detection by means of an eddy current sensor. According to various embodiments, the scale or scales that can be detected by sensors can be detected using sensors of different sensor types (eg one or more magnetoresistive sensors, one or more Hall sensors, one or more capacitive sensors and/or one or more inductive sensors). An example of magnetic sensors (eg magnetoresistive sensors and/or Hall sensors) is shown in FIG. 2J shown. In this case, the first scale 112(1) which can be detected by sensors, the second scale 112(2) which can be detected by sensors and the third scale 112(3) which can be detected by sensors do not necessarily have to be provided by means of indentations, but these can alternatively or additionally be provided by means of a respective permanent magnetic magnet pole be provided. An example of capacitive and/or inductive sensors (eg an eddy current sensor) is shown in FIG. 2K shown. The detection of the movement directly on the machine chisel 100 (eg the reference body) enables a significantly better resolution in contrast to detecting movements or vibrations of the entire system, since the latter procedure can add vibration influences to those due to material properties. Clearly, the movements that result (almost) exclusively from the interaction of the machine bit 100 with the material to be removed can be recorded directly on the machine bit 100 .

With reference to FIG. 2C, the fixture 300 may include a bit holder 302. FIG. The bit holder 302 may have an opening 316 (see, for example, FIG. 3A through FIG. 3C). Opening 316 may be configured to receive a gouge, such as gouge 100 . The fixture 300 may include a first receiving portion 320 (e.g., having a cavity). The first receiving area 320 may be exposed to the opening 316 . For example, the first receiving area 320 may be located behind the opening 316 along the longitudinal axis 107 . The first receiving area 320 can be circular-cylindrical or cuboid, for example. The first receiving area 320 can be set up to receive at least a section of the reference body 106 . The holding device 300 can alternatively or additionally have a second receiving area 324 (e.g. having a cavity). The second receiving area 324 may be exposed to the opening 316 . The second receiving area 324 can be arranged, for example, along the longitudinal axis 107 . The second receiving area 324 can be circular-cylindrical, for example. The second receiving area 324 may be configured to receive at least a portion of the shank 104 (e.g., substantially the entire shank 104). The first receiving area 320 and the second receiving area 324 may have a common cavity (see, for example, FIG. 3A).

The one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) may be disposed within (e.g., attached to) the bit holder 302 . The one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) can be arranged on the first receiving area 320 of the holding device 300 . According to various embodiments, at least one (e.g. each) sensor 306(n) of the one or more sensors 306(1<n<N) can be set up to detect a (respectively) assigned scale that can be detected by sensors without contact. Clearly, a gap can be arranged between the respective sensor 306(n) and the assigned scale that can be detected by sensors. Optionally, it can be detected whether there is dirt inside the gap.

FIG. 2D shows a removal device 200 with exemplary configurations of the machine bit 100 and the holding device 300 according to various embodiments. FIG. 2E shows a cross section of the device shown in FIG. Ablation device 200 shown in FIG. 2D. FIG. 2F and FIG. 2G show enlarged portions of the cross-sectional view and FIG. 2H shows a sectional view related to FIG. 2G For example, the gouge 100 may include the first senseable scale 112(1). In this embodiment, the first sensory scale 112( 1 ) may have the plurality of indentations each forming a self-contained path about the longitudinal axis 107 . For example, the gouge 100 may include the second sensorable scale 112(2). In this configuration, the second scale 112 ( 2 ) that can be detected by sensors can have the plurality of indentations, which are each arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis 107 . Clearly, the reference body 106 can have a gear-shaped section, which forms the second scale 112(2) that can be detected by sensors. The fixture 300 may include four second sensors 306(2) disposed orthogonal (approximately 90°) to one another (see, for example, FIG. 2H).

The holding device 300 can have a chisel bushing 304 . Bit bushing 304 may have a greater durometer than bit holder 302 . Bit bushing 304 may be one piece or multiple pieces. A one-piece bit bushing 304 may be in the form of a sleeve (e.g., cup-shaped). The one-piece chisel bushing 304 can be at least partially closed along the longitudinal axis 107 (e.g. except for bores and the opening 316). For example, a multi-piece bit bushing 304 may include a first portion 304(1) and a second portion 304(2). The first portion 304(1) may include the second receiving area 324, for example. A cavity of the first portion 304(1) of the bit bushing 304 may be configured to receive the shank 104 of the machine bit 100. The second portion 304(2) may be cup-shaped, for example. The second portion 304(2) may include the first receiving area 320, for example. A cavity of the second part 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 can be configured to receive the reference body 106 of the machine bit 100. The second part 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 can be attached to the bit holder 302 and/or to the first part 304( 1) of the chisel bushing 304 (e.g. detachable). Various configurations of a multi-part chisel bushing 304 are shown, for example, in FIG. 3A through FIG. 3C.

According to various embodiments, the first portion 304(1) of the multi-piece bit bushing 304 may serve as a wear bushing. Clearly, the first part 304(1) can be a wearing part, whereby a service life of the bit holder 302 can be increased.

According to various embodiments, the second portion 304(2) of the multi-piece chisel bushing 304 may serve as a cover (e.g., a cap or lid) of the receiving area (e.g., the first receiving area 320), thereby protecting the reference body 106 and/or the one or more sensors 306 from external influences can be protected.

The one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) may be disposed (eg, attached) to the bit bushing 304 (eg, to the second part 304(2) in the case of a multi-piece bit bushing). The one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) can be rigidly (eg positively and/or non-positively) connected to the chisel bushing 304 . The machine bit 100 can have the locking structure 110 . As described above, the retention structure 110 may be a circumferential indentation (eg, a trench) in the shank 104 (eg, about the longitudinal axis 107) or a bore in the shank 104. FIG. The removal device 200 can have a locking device 202 of the first type or a locking device 402 of the second type. The locking device 202, 402 (first type or second type) can also be considered part of the holding device 300.

The respective locking device 202, 402 can be set up to be brought into a first state and into a second state, of which the locking device 202, 402, when brought into the first state, the machine bit 100 received in the opening 316 in the Holding device 300 locked, and when this is brought into the second state, the locking of the machine bit 100 solves.

If the machine chisel 100 is locked by means of the locking device 202 of the first type, its movement along the longitudinal axis 107 can be limited, e.g. to a maximum displacement 214 (also referred to as the maximum displacement distance). For example, the maximum displacement 214 may be less than 10 millimeters (mm) or less than 1 mm. This will be described in more detail later with regard to the elastically deformable element 310 . The locking device 202 of the first type of the removal device 200 or the holding device 300 can be configured to couple to the locking structure 110 of the machine chisel 100 . The locking device 202 of the first type can be set up, for example, when it is in the first state, to form an additional form fit (along the longitudinal axis 107) with the machine bit 100 received in the opening 316, which limits its movement along the longitudinal axis 107.

If the machine chisel 100 is locked by means of the locking device 402 of the second type, this can form a form fit with the machine chisel 100 accommodated in the opening, which rigidly connects the machine chisel to the chisel holder 302 .

As elucidated herein, a configuration of the machine bit 100 may be configured such that the machine bit 100 may be used (e.g., deployed) in various fixture 300 configurations. For example, the machine bit 100 may be used in both bushing-type holders 300 (see, for example, FIG. 2K) and non-bushing-point holders 300 (see, for example, FIG. 2Q).

As described above, the locking structure 110 of the machine bit 100 and the locking device 202, 402 can be set up in such a way that, in interaction, they either enable movement of the machine bit 100 in the holding device 300 within the game or movement of the machine bit within the holding device (e.g. relatively to the Prevent holding device 300). In this regard, numerous configurations of the locking structure 110 and the locking device 202, 402 are possible. For example, the locking structure 110 may be or include a groove and the machine bit 100 may be used in both fixtures 300 that use a screw, pin, and/or grub screw as a first-type locking device 202 (see, for example, FIG. 2D through FIG. 2G) , as well as in fixtures 300 that use a U-shaped clamp as a first-type detent 202 (see, for example, FIG. 2I) or an L-shaped clamp as a first-type detent 202 (see, for example, FIGS. 2L and FIG. 2M). , are used to allow movement of the machine bit 100 in the fixture 300 within the game. However, the locking structure 110 can also have or be a drilled hole (e.g. with a thread) and the holding devices 300 can optionally additionally have a screw, a pin and/or a threaded pin as a locking device 402 of the second type, in which case a rigid connection (e.g. by means of bolting) between the fixture 300 and the machine bit 100 (see, for example, FIG. 4B). Clearly, the locking device 202, 402 can be set up, in connection with the locking structure 110 of the machine chisel 100, to lock the machine chisel 100 (in the locked first state) either with play or rigidly in the holding device 300.

The locking device 202 of the first type can be set up in such a way that the machine chisel 100 is provided with one or more than one rotational degree of freedom when the form fit is formed. The locking device 202 of the first type can be set up in such a way that the machine chisel 100 is provided with one or more than one degree of translational freedom when the form fit is formed. Clearly, the machine chisel 100 can be arranged in a form-fitting manner in the holding device 300, wherein the machine chisel 100 can have at least one rotational degree of freedom and/or at least one translational degree of freedom. According to various embodiments, the movement of the machine bit 100 resulting from the at least one rotational degree of freedom and/or at least one translational degree of freedom (e.g. during a removal process) can be detected by means of the one or more sensors. Clearly, in this case, the machine chisel 100 can have play in the holding device 300 in accordance with the standard, so that the sensor system functions.

In contrast, the locking device 402 of the second type can be set up in such a way that the machine chisel 100 is not provided with any degree of freedom when the form fit is formed. For example, the form fit can prevent movement in three translational degrees of freedom and in three rotational degrees of freedom (then also referred to as a rigid connection).

According to various embodiments, the locking structure 110 may include the self-contained indentation and the first type locking device 202 may include a screw (see, for example, FIGS. 2D through FIG. 2G) or a clamp (eg, U-shaped or L-shaped). A removal device 200 with a U-shaped clamp as a locking device 202 of the first type is shown in FIG. 2I shown. An example of a U-shaped clamp (also known as a retaining clip) in cross section or as a top view, in FIG. 4A. A removal device 200 with an L-shaped clamp as a locking device 202 of the first type is shown in FIG. 2L and FIG. 2M shown. According to various embodiments, the locking structure 110 may include a drilled hole (eg, having a thread) and the second type locking device 402 may include a pin (eg, a grub screw) and/or a screw (see, eg, FIG. 4B).

Optionally, the fixture 300 may include a seal 308 (e.g., a gasket). Bit box 304 (e.g., first portion 304(1) of bit box 304) or bit shank 104 may include a recess and seal 308 may be disposed in the recess. The seal 308 can optionally be set up to form or at least improve the positive fit between the machine chisel 100 and the holding device 300 (e.g. between the shank 104 and the chisel bushing 304). The seal 308 may be configured to limit movement of the machine bit 100 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 107 (but allow movement along the longitudinal axis 107). According to various embodiments, the seal 308 can prevent particles (e.g. dirt) from reaching the first receiving area 320 from the direction of the chisel tip 102 .

According to various embodiments, bit holder 302 and bit bushing 304 may be rigidly (e.g., positively and/or non-positively) connected to one another. For example, bit bushing 304 may be press fit into bit holder 302 and/or bit holder 302 may be shrunk onto bit bushing 304 .

In general, the holder 300 may not include a bit bushing 304 (e.g., one-piece or multi-piece) in the opening 316 (then also referred to as a bushingless holder 300). In the bushingless holder 300 as used herein, the second portion 304(2) may be formed as an attachment bushing or at least external to the bit holder 302. For example, the second part 304 ( 2 ) can be designed as a cap or cover that is placed on the bit holder 302 . In this case, the bit holder 302 can have the second receiving area 324 (and optionally also the first receiving area 320). An example of this is shown in FIG. 3B.

A cavity of the chisel holder 302 can be configured to receive the shank 104 and/or the reference body 106 of the machine chisel 100. The locking structure 110 and the locking device 202 of the first type can be configured in relation to one another in such a way that the machine chisel 100, arranged in the holding device 300 (e.g the chisel holder 302), at least one rotational degree of freedom (e.g. around the longitudinal axis 107) and/or at least one translational degree of freedom (e.g. along the longitudinal axis 107 limited to the maximum displacement 214). Alternatively, the locking structure 110 and the locking device 402 of the second type can be set up in relation to one another in such a way that the machine chisel 100 is rigidly connected to the holding device 300 (eg the chisel holder 302). The one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) can detect the movement of the machine bit 100 (eg during an ablation process) along and/or transverse to or around the longitudinal axis 107 . The one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) may be arranged (eg, attached) on or in the bit holder 302 . The one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) can be rigidly (eg positively and/or non-positively) connected to the chisel holder 302 .

As described above, one or more than one sensorable scale can be arranged in an internal cavity (e.g. in the form of internal depressions, e.g. internal grooves). This protects the sensors even better against contamination. An example of this is shown in FIG. 2L, which shows a cross-sectional view of an ablation device 200 according to various embodiments. FIG. 2M shows an enlarged section of the device shown in FIG. 2K. In this exemplary embodiment, the bit bushing 304 may be in two parts and the second part 304(2) may be in the form of a cap or plug. The second portion 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 may be configured such that when the second portion 304(2) is inserted (or pushed) into the internal cavity, the second portion 304(2) and the first portion 304( 1) of the chisel bushing 304 are rigidly (e.g. non-positively and/or positively) connected to each other. The second part 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 may include the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N). As shown, the reference body 106 can be screwable into the shaft 104 . Here, the shaft 104 and the reference body 106 can be connected rigidly (e.g. non-positively and/or positively) by screwing the reference body 106 into the shaft 104 . The shaft 104 and the reference body 106 can be detached from one another by unscrewing the reference body 106 from the shaft 104 .

According to various embodiments, the holding device 300 can have an elastically deformable element 310, which makes it possible to determine not only a movement frequency but also a distance of the movement of the machine chisel 100 and/or the force acting on the machine chisel 100. As used herein, an elastically deformable element can be understood to mean any element (e.g. a structural element) that is able to change its shape elastically as a result of mechanical stress (e.g. compressive force acting thereon) against a restoring force and upon removal of the stress return to its original shape (also known as elastic deformation). The limit up to which an element can be elastically deformed is referred to as the yield point in the case of tensile stress. The elastically deformable element can be selected in such a way that it deforms elastically as a result of the forces which are generated during an ablation process using the ablation device 200 . A rigidity, shape and/or size of the elastically deformable element 310 can clearly be application-specific. Alternatively or additionally, the elastically deformable element 310 can be exchangeable. The elastically deformable element 310 can be elastically deformable due to its shape, for example it can be set up as a (eg metallic) spring. Examples of this are shown in FIG. 2N through FIG. 2Q shown. FIG. 2N and FIG. 20 show a holding device 300 which has the chisel bushing 304. FIG. Here, the elastically deformable element 310 (eg the spring) can be arranged between the machine bit 100 (eg the bit head 108) and the bit socket 304 (and in direct contact with them). FIG. 2N also shows an exemplary embodiment of a one-piece bit bushing 304. An enlarged portion (E”) of FIG. 2P, which shows the one-piece bit bushing 304 in the area of the locking device 202 of the first type. In the embodiment as a one-piece chisel bushing 304, the locking device 202 of the first type can have or be made of a screw, for example. As described herein, the retainer 300 may be bushless (ie, without an internal chisel bushing 304 or at least without the first portion 304(1) of the chisel bushing 304). In this case, the elastically deformable element 310 can be arranged between the machine bit 100 (eg, the bit head 108) and the bit holder 302 (and in direct contact with them). An example of this is shown in FIG. 2Q shown. The elastically deformable element 310 can define a distance 212 (eg in direction 105) between the holding device 300 (eg the bit socket 304 and/or the bit holder) and the machine bit 100 (eg the bit head 108).

The elastically deformable element 310 can also be elastically deformable due to the material. An exemplary embodiment of this is shown in FIG. 2R and FIG. 2S shown. For example, the elastically deformable element 310 can include or be made of an elastomer.

According to various embodiments, the elastically deformable element 310 may have a known stiffness, k. A force, F, acting on the gouge 100 may deform (also referred to as deform) the elastically deformable element 310 . The deformation (deformation) of the elastically deformable element 310 can lead to a movement of the machine bit 100 along the longitudinal axis 107 (eg in direction 105). This movement can result in a displacement, s, of the machine bit 100 along the longitudinal axis 107 . According to various embodiments, the force, F, acting on the machine bit 100 can be determined from the stiffness, k, and the displacement, s, according to F=ks (see also description of FIG. 5D, FIG. 5E and FIG. 6A). Clearly, the force F can be a force acting on the machine bit 100 along the longitudinal axis 107 . According to various embodiments, the detent structure 110 of the machine bit 100 may be configured such that the machine bit 100 may move in the fixture 300 in the direction 105 (see, for example, FIG. 2P). The movement of the machine bit 100 along the longitudinal axis 107 may be limited (eg defining a maximum displacement 214, which is for example the maximum spring deflection of the machine bit 100) by means of the locking device 202 (e.g. in connection with the locking structure 110) of the first type. Here, the locking device 202 of the first type can be a screw, for example. According to various embodiments, the distance 212 can be chosen such that the maximum Shift 214 can be achieved. For example, the distance 212 can be greater than the maximum displacement 214.

According to various embodiments, the elastically deformable element 310 can absorb a moment and/or a force when the machine bit 100 rotates. For example, a moment acting on machine bit 100 and/or a force acting on machine bit 100 can be determined based on the movement (e.g. rotation) of machine bit 100 detected by one or more sensors 306 and the stiffness, k, of elastically deformable element 310 become.

According to various embodiments, at least one of the one or more sensors can be set up to detect the displacement (e.g. the spring deflection), s, of the machine bit 100 relative to the holding device 300 . FIG. 2T and FIG. 2U each show ablation device 200 according to various elastic member embodiments. The bit bushing 304 may be one piece and the third sensor 306(FIG. 3) may be located (e.g., fixed) in the bit bushing 304 in front (opposite the opening 316). The third sensor 306(3) may be an inductive (e.g., eddy current) sensor (see, for example, FIG. 2T). The third sensor 306(3) may be a magnetic (e.g., Hall effect) sensor (see, for example, FIG. 2U). According to various embodiments, the displacement, s, can be detected by means of the third sensor 306(3). For example, the third sensor 306(3) may sense (detect) a distance to the reference body 106, where a relative change in distance may correspond to the displacement, s. Clearly, the forces acting on the machine bit 100 (e.g. the force F) can be determined directly based on the displacement of the machine bit 100.

Similar to the elastically deformable element 310, forces acting on the machine chisel 100 can be determined by detecting a deformation of the machine chisel 100 (also referred to as chisel deformation) itself, for example the movement of the chisel head 108 caused thereby. Sensing the deformation of the drill bit 100 may be aided if the drill bit is rigidly mounted in the fixture 300 . A related removal device 200 according to various embodiments is shown in FIG. 4B.

Processing (eg cutting) a material using a machine chisel 100 can cause a deformation of the machine chisel 100 (also referred to as chisel deformation), eg of the chisel head 108, due to a counterforce acting on the machine chisel 100 in the process. The chisel deformation can have, for example, a deformation of the chisel head 108 and/or a deformation of the chisel shank 104 . The deformation of the chisel can, for example, include compression and/or torsion of the machine chisel 100 . Herein reference is made, inter alia, to a deformation of the chisel head 108, with what has been described for this in analogy to deformation of the entire machine bit 100 or at least the bit shank 104 may apply.

Chisel deformation may, for example, result in movement of the entire fourth sensored scale 112(4) (e.g., opposite the direction of the applied force, F). The deformation of the chisel can, for example, lead to a compression of the fourth scale 112(4) that can be detected by sensors. Here, the individual elements of the fourth scale 112(4) that can be detected by sensors can move relative to one another. As used herein, determining (e.g., sensing and/or calculating) bit deflection may be accomplished using one or more than one sensor, for example by detecting a change in the fourth sensory scale 112(4) (e.g., a movement of the entire fourth sensory scale 112(4) and/or a compression of the fourth sensor-detectable scale 112(4)) is detected by means of one or more than one sensor.

The removal device 200 can have the machine chisel 100 and the holding device 300 . The excavation device 200 may include the second type locking device 402 for providing the rigid connection between the machine bit 100 and the holding device 300. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4B, the machine bit 100 can have a plurality of threaded boreholes and the locking device 402 of the second type can have an associated screw for each of the plurality of boreholes, so that the machine bit 100 can be bolted to the holding device 300 in a form-fitting manner and thus movement of the machine bit 100 relative to the holding device 300 is prevented. The one or more sensors 306 (n = 1 to N) can be arranged in such a way that they measure the fourth scale 112 (4) of the reference body 106, which can be detected by sensors, which is attached to the chisel head 108 (e.g. on an upper part of the chisel head 108) or part of which is being able to capture.

As described herein, the gouge 100 can be received in the direction 105 into the opening 316 of the holder 300 . According to various embodiments, the opening 316 can be arranged behind the receiving area 420 with respect to the direction 105 .

According to various embodiments, the holding device 300 can be a flat chisel holder that is set up to accommodate a flat chisel. Here, the machine bit 100 can, for example, have a shape as shown in FIG. 1 H flat chisel shown. In this case, the opening 316 of the bit holder 302 can have a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the flat bit.

The cross section of the flat chisel can be polygonal. For example, the cross-section of the flat chisel may include an inner circle, which may abut at one or more points on an inner surface of opening 316 of fixture 300, and one or more exterior structures (e.g., a protrusion), which define the polygonal shape. These one or more outer structures can be part of the locking structure 110 and can at least impede (eg prevent) movement of the machine bit 100 in the holding device 300 . For example, the shank 104 of the drill bit 100 may be a cylinder with a trapezoidal base and the opening 316 may have a corresponding trapezoidal cross-section, where the trapezoidal shape may impede rotation of the drill bit 100 about the longitudinal axis 107 . For example, the shape of the drill bit 100 can serve as a torque arm. Clearly, the polygonal shape of the cross section of the machine chisel 100 can serve as a locking structure 110 or be part of it.

The elongate structures (e.g. grooves) of the fourth sensorable scale 112(4) can run along the surface of the reference body 106 (e.g. the surface of the chisel head 108). The elongate structures of the fourth sensory scale 112(4) can run essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis 107 (e.g. in direction 105) (see exemplary embodiment (a) in FIG. 4B) or in the direction spanned by directions 103 and 105 lying at an angle in a range from about 1° to about 45° to the longitudinal axis 107 (see exemplary embodiment (b) in FIG. 4B).

According to various embodiments, the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) may be set up to detect the fourth scale 112(4) that can be measured by sensors. The fourth sensor-capable scale 112(4) can be detected by means of the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) as described with reference to the holding device 300 . According to various embodiments, the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) may sense the fourth senseable scale 112(4) using a magnetic measurement, as described herein for the senseable scales 112(1), 112(2), 112 (3) described.

The flat chisel may have an angled chisel point 102 . A firmly locked flat chisel can be deformed (deformed) by the counterforce when cutting a material. The detection of the fourth sensor-detectable scale 112(4) arranged on the chisel head 108 in conjunction with the locking device 402 of the second type, which prevents movement of the machine chisel 100 locked in the holding device 300, enables a chisel deformation, e.g. deformation (also referred to as deformation) of the chisel head 108 to determine. As described above, the deformation of the cutter head 108 can lead to a movement of the compression of the fourth sensory scale (e.g. a movement of the entire fourth sensory scale and/or a compression of the fourth sensory scale), which can be detected and based on which the deformation can be determined. This chisel deformation can allow conclusions to be drawn about the counteracting force. For example, the acting counter-force can be determined based on the detected movement of the fourth sensor-detectable scale. A resistance of the cut material can be clearly recorded. According to various embodiments, based on the resulting from the chisel deformation movement, the force, F, (also referred to herein as counterforce) acting on the machine bit 100 can be determined (see also description of FIG. 5D, FIG. 5E and FIG. 6A). Clearly, detecting the bit deformation can be used as an alternative (or in addition) to detecting the displacement, s, to determine the force, F, acting on the machine bit 100 .

Bit deflection (e.g., change in its extent along bit axis 107) may range from about 10 pm to about 500 pm. According to various embodiments, the resulting movement of the chisel head 108 can be in the same range.

FIG. 3A through FIG. 3C each show a holding device 300 with a chisel bushing 304 according to various embodiments. In the FIGS. 3A through FIG. 3C, the one or more sensors 306 are arranged, for example, on the recording area 320 for detecting the first, second and/or third sensor-detectable scale. It is understood that the one or more sensors 306 can also be arranged in the recording area 420 for detecting the fourth sensor-detectable scale.

With reference to FIG. 3A, bit bushing 304 may include first portion 304(1) and second portion 304(2). For example, the second portion 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 may be cup-shaped. The second portion 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 may be attached (e.g., releasably) to the first portion 304(1) of the bit bushing 304. The second portion 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 may be attached (e.g., releasably) to the first portion 304(1) of the bit bushing 304. The second part 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 can be glued or screwed to the first part 304(1) of the bit bushing 304, for example.

With reference to FIG. 3B, bit bushing 304 may include only second portion 304(2). The second portion 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 may be cup-shaped. Here, the second part 304(2) can be fastened (e.g. detachably) to the chisel holder 302, e.g. lying on the outside of this (e.g. dust-tight). The second part 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 can be glued or screwed to the bit holder 302, for example.

With reference to FIG. 3C, the second portion 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 may be spaced a distance 322 (in direction 105) from the bit holder. The cavity of the second part 304(2) of the bit bushing 304 can be configured to receive the reference body 106 of the machine bit 100. The one or more sensors can be arranged on and/or in the second part 304(2) of the bit holder 304 (e.g. attached) be. When a machine bit 100 is inserted into the holder 300, the locking structure 110 may be located in the area (defined by the distance 322) between the bit holder 302 and the second part 304(2) of the bit socket 304. Here, the locking device 202 of the first type can be, for example, the one shown in FIG. 4A include or be a U-shaped clip. According to various embodiments, the fixture 300 may include a carrier 314 (see, for example, FIG. 3C). The carrier 314 can be rigidly (eg materially, non-positively and/or positively) connected to the chisel holder 302 . In the in FIG. 3A-3C, the carrier 314 can be rigidly connected (eg, materially bonded, force-fitted, and/or form-fitted) to the second part 304(2) of the holding device. The carrier 314 (also referred to as a tool carrier or cutting roller) can be, for example, a machine drum, a cutting wheel or a chain.

According to various embodiments, the holding device 300 can optionally have a data processing device 330 . The data processing device 330 can, for example, also be provided entirely or partially externally to the holding device 300, e.g. be connected to it via a (e.g. local or global) network. An example computing device 330 according to various embodiments is shown in FIG. 3D shown.

The data processing device 330 can have a first communication interface 332 . The first communication interface 332 can be set up to receive the data (also referred to as sensor data) recorded by the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N). The data processing device 330 can optionally be set up to transmit control commands to the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) by means of the first communication interface 332, e.g. to configure them or instruct them to output data.

The data processing device 330 can have a second communication interface 338 . The second communication interface 338 may be set up to transmit data to (and optionally receive from) a signal processing system 601 .

A communication interface described herein (e.g., the first communication interface 332 and/or the second communication interface 338) may be a wired interface and/or a wireless interface. A wireless interface may be set up or communicate according to a radio communication protocol or standard. For example, the wireless interface may be configured or communicate according to a short-range radio communication standard, such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc. For example, the wireless interface may be configured or communicate according to a medium or long range radio communication standard, such as 3G, 4G and/or 5G according to the 3GPP standard. A wireless interface may operate according to a wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol or standard, such as the IEEE 802.11 standard.

Computing device 330 may include one or more processors 334 . The one or more processors 334 may be configured to process the data received from the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N). The one or more processors 334 may be set up to transmit the data received from the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) to the signal processing system 601 by means of the second communication interface 338 . The one or more processors 334 can be set up to forward the data received from the or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) directly to the signal processing system 601 by means of the second communication interface 338 without intermediate processing.

The term "processor" can be understood as any type of entity that allows the processing of data and/or signals. For example, the data or signals may be treated according to at least one (i.e., one or more than one) specific function performed by the processor. A processor may include an analog circuit, a digital circuit, a mixed-signal circuit, a logic circuit, a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a programmable gate array (FPGA), a comprise or be formed from an integrated circuit or any combination thereof. Any other way of implementing the respective functions, which are described in more detail below, can also be understood as a processor or logic circuit. It will be appreciated that one or more of the method steps detailed herein may be performed (e.g., implemented) by a processor through one or more specific functions performed by the processor. The processor can therefore be set up to carry out one of the methods described herein or its components for information processing.

The computing device 330 may include a storage device 336 . According to various embodiments, the one or more processors 334 may use the storage device 336 when processing data (e.g., data received from the one or more sensors) and/or as a temporary storage device.

The storage device 336 may include at least one memory. For example, the memory may be used in processing performed by a processor. A memory used in the embodiments can be a volatile memory, for example a DRAM (dynamic random access memory), or a non-volatile memory, for example a PROM (programmable read only memory), an EPROM (erasable PROM), an EEPROM (electrically erasable PROM) or a Flash memory such as a floating gate memory device, a charge trapping memory device, an MRAM (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory) or a PCRAM (Phase Change Random Access Memory).

FIG. 5A through FIG. 5E show aspects of a process 500 of material removal (e.g., rock cutting).

The removal of a material 502, as used herein, can be understood as a mechanical detachment of material parts from the composite material. A continuous, at times uninterrupted, removal of a rock is also referred to as cutting the rock or rock cutting. FIG. 5A illustrates the components, forces, and terminology involved.

According to various embodiments, the retention device 300 may include the elastically deformable member 310 (see, for example, FIGS. 2N through FIG. 2S). FIG. 5B shows, by way of example, the distance 212 between the machine bit 100 and the holding device 300 along its longitudinal axis over the cutting length. A change in distance 212 corresponds to displacement s.

FIG. 5C illustrates the cyclical process of pressure build-up, cracking and dissolution in rock cutting. Material removal may accordingly include a contact phase ( © in FIG. 5C ) in which the machine bit 100 comes into contact with the surface of the material 502 . The machine bit 100 can be moved in direction 504, pressure builds up in the material. In further contact, a discontinuous formation of fracture zones (cf. FIG. 5A below) and detachment of fragments (©-© in FIG. 5C) can then occur Fracture events is influenced, among other things, by the compressive strength of the material 502 and the rate of advance of the machine chisel 100, but also significantly by the shape of the chisel tip 102. An orientation of the machine bit 100 (e.g., an angle between the machine bit 100 and the material engaging surface) may remain substantially constant during cutting. According to various embodiments, the machine bit 100 can move and/or deform in one or more degrees of freedom in the holding device 300 in these phases. This movement and/or deformation may depend on the properties of the material 502 as described herein.

The machine chisel 100 can be pressed against the material 502 during the removal of material. A pressure force FN (also referred to as contact pressure) can act here. A cutting force, FC, can act at an angle (e.g. perpendicular) to the pressing force FN. FIG. 5D shows at the top the cutting force, FC, over the cutting path in a material 502 homogeneous in strength, at the bottom a possible signal of a sensor 306 that detects the changing distance 212, s, between a machine bit 100 and the bit holder 302, over the cutting path. It is clearly shown that high cutting forces, FC, e.g. in ©, ® and ®, lead to a strong deformation of the elastic element 310, i.e. to a large displacement, s, and thus to a comparatively small distance 212. Consequently, the cutting force, FC, correlates with the displacement, s. It is understood that in the case of a cutting device 200 with a flat chisel as the machine chisel 100 (e.g. a machine chisel 100 according to FIG. 1 H), the detected chisel deformation (e.g. deformation of the chisel head 108 ) can represent the cutting forces.

The machine chisel 100 can act parallel to the longitudinal axis 107 (eg by the pressing force FN) on the material to be removed (eg rock, earth, ore, concrete, asphalt, etc.). According to various According to one embodiment, the longitudinal axis 107 of the machine bit 100 can define a direction of attack (for example in direction 504) of the machine bit 100 on the material to be removed. The machine chisel 100 can, however, also be arranged in such a way that cutting action takes place (e.g. with a deviation of approx. 5°) or that (e.g. with a lateral movement of the tool carrier, such as the cutting drum of an attachment milling machine) the machine chisel 100 also presses on the material to be removed acts.

FIG. 5E shows an example cutting process where the rock being cut initially comprises a less compressive strength material, such as limestone, and thereafter a more compressive strength rock, such as granite.

During a cutting process, three-dimensional forces act on a machine bit 100, which can be referred to, for example, as cutting force FC, contact pressure force FN and lateral force or forces. FIG. 5A shows these forces symbolically. As described herein, based on the stiffness, k, and the displacement, s, according to F=k-s, the force acting on the drill bit 100, F, can be determined. The force, F, can be a combination of other forces, such as the pressing force FN and/or the cutting force FC. The force, F, can therefore also be called the resultant force or resultant. FIG. 5E that the force history, F, has information related to the material being cut (e.g., the strength of the material). According to various embodiments, the displacement, s, can be a direct indicator of the force acting on the machine bit 100. FIG.

FIG. 6A through FIG. 6C each show an ablation system 600 according to various embodiments. The removal system 600 can have at least one (e.g. exactly one or more than one) holding device 300 . The ablation system 600 can have the signal processing system 601 .

The holding device 300 can have the data processing device 330 . A machine chisel 100 can be used in the holding device 300 . Ablation system 600 may include ablation device 200, for example. The one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) of the holding device 300 can be set up to detect the scale 112 of the machine chisel 100 that can be detected by sensors. The data processing device 330 can be set up to receive the data recorded by the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) and to transmit them to the signal processing system 601 .

The signal processing system 601 can have a third communication interface 602 . The third communication interface 602 can be set up to communicate with the second communication interface 338 according to a communication standard. For example, the third communication interface 602 may be a wireless interface and may communicate with the second communication interface 338 according to any of the standards described herein (eg Bluetooth, Zigbee, 3G, 4G, 5G, WLAN, etc.). Clearly, the signal processing system 601 can receive the data 604 detected by the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N).

The signal processing system 601 can optionally have one or more than one additional communication interface. This communication interface can be set up to communicate with sensors on the tool carrier or in the drive of the same according to a communication standard. The signals from the additional sensors can be used to assign the measured values determined by data processing device 330 to a spatial mining point and/or to obtain additional information about the operating parameters of removal system 600, which can be used to compensate or classify the measured values, for example. For example, the signal processing system 601 can have one or more sensors for determining a (e.g. global or local) position of the removal system 600. For example, the one or more additional sensors can have one or more sensors for detecting a rotational speed (e.g. of the bearing device 632 ), a hydraulic and/or electrical contact pressure, acoustic signals, optical signals, and/or information from a digital document management system (DMS).

Optionally, the signal processing system 601 can be a cloud-based processing system. For example, the signal processing system 601 can be implemented in a cloud. Clearly, the data processing device 330 can be set up to transmit the data recorded by means of the one or more sensors to a cloud for data processing.

According to various embodiments, signal processing system 601 may be a local processing system (e.g., as part of an excavation machine, such as a rock excavation machine). For example, the signal processing system 601 can be implemented in a remote control and/or a control unit of the ablation system 600 .

According to various embodiments, the signal processing system 601 can be set up to output a signal 610 based on the machine bit 100 detected by at least one sensor of the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N). The signal processing system 601 can be set up to output the signal 610 based on to output the data 604 collected by the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N). Clearly, the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) can detect a movement of the machine chisel by means of scale 112 that can be detected by sensors or scales 112(1), 112(2), 112(3), 112(4) that can be detected by sensors 100 relative to the bit holder 302 and the signal processing system 601 can determine the signal 610 based on this detected movement. Movement of the machine bit 100 may be movement of the machine bit 100 relative to the bit holder 302 or bit deformation. The signal 610 can represent a condition of an object excavated by the machine bit 100 . The nature of the ablated object may be a property of the material of the ablated object, for example. A material property of the ablated object can be, for example, a (Mohs') hardness, a tensile or compressive strength, a grain size or a conglomerate distribution, a cleft, a water content, an abrasiveness, etc.).

The condition of the ablated object can show a change in one or more material properties (e.g. a change in hardness, a change in strength, fractures, water content, etc.).

The properties of a material can affect the fracture characteristics of the material. This material-specific fracture characteristic (e.g. brittle fracture or ductile fracture, chip shape and/or chip size, influence of grain size distribution, etc.) can lead to a material-specific movement pattern of the machine bit 100.

Clearly, the material properties of the removed object can influence a mechanical excitation of the machine bit 100, it being possible for the response of the machine bit 100 to the excitation to be recorded. Capturing the response of the machine tool 100 can include capturing a movement (e.g. translation and/or rotation) of the reference body 106 or the scale, capturing a deformation (e.g. stretching or compression) of the reference body 106 or the scale, e.g. to detect a frequency of the same. For example, as a response to the excitation of the machine tool 100, a frequency (e.g. of translation and/or rotation) can be detected, with which the reference body is moved and/or deformed. Based on the recorded response, conclusions can be drawn about these material properties (e.g. these can be calculated or classified).

The signal 610 can alternatively or additionally represent a state of the machine bit 100 . The condition of the machine bit 100 can be a state of wear of the machine bit 100, for example. If the chisel tip 102 is no longer pointed (eg rounded) and/or partially chipped off, this can lead to a detectable change in the fracture characteristic. Clearly, wear on machine bit 100 can change a movement (e.g. translation, rotation, frequency of translation and/or rotation, etc.) of machine bit 100 when removing an object, so that the detected movement of machine bit 100 can be used to determine the state of wear of the machine bit 100 can be inferred. In one example, the excavation system 600 may include a plurality of machine bits configured according to the machine bit 100, wherein the signal 610 output for one machine bit 100 of the plurality of machine bits has deviations from the signals 610 output for the other machine bits of the plurality of machine bits. These deviations can be an indication of wear of the machine chisel 100 . In another example, it can Ablation system 600 storing in memory (eg, upper and/or lower) limits for signal 610 and a signal 610 outside (eg, below or above) the range defined by the limits may indicate or at least indicate wear of machine bit 100 .

Signal processing system 601 may be coupled to one or more processors 606 . For example, the signal processing system 601 may include the one or more processors 606 (see, for example, FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B). However, the signal processing system 601 can also be connected to a server (e.g. a cloud) as a local processing system by means of a corresponding communication interface. In this case, the server can additionally or alternatively have one or more processors for data processing and interfaces to other sensors that provide additional information about the removal system, for example for a data fusion analysis. In this case, the signal processing system 601 can receive the determined information described herein (e.g. the signal 610, e.g. an indication of a movement of the machine bit 100) via the communication interface from the server.

As described herein, the data 604 collected by the one or more sensors 306(n=1 to N) may include a distance of the reference body 106 from the respective sensor 306(n), a distance (e.g., an amplitude) by which the reference body 106 moves relative to the sensor 306(n) represent a frequency at which the reference body 106 moves (e.g. a frequency of a translation and/or a frequency of a rotation and/or a frequency of the movement of the chisel head 108 due to chisel deformation). .

The one or more processors 606 may be configured to implement a model 608 . The model 608 may be stored in local storage of the signal processing system 601 and/or in cloud storage. The model 608 may be configured to perform one or more than one of the following processes: data correction (including, for example, normalization, drift correction, noise reduction, outlier identification, and/or filtering), (evolution) spectral analysis, statistical Time series analysis, a classification (e.g. using a histogram analysis and/or using one or more neural networks), pattern recognition, etc.

The model 608 may be configured to output the signal 610 in response to inputting input data. The input data may include the data 604 sensed by the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N). Optionally, the input data of the model 608 can also include one or more data from the following group of data: geodata (geocoordinates, benchmarks, parameters), reference values for signal amplitudes, spectral characteristics, reference patterns (such as pattern time series, pattern spectra, pattern images), digitized and/or processed sensor data, Processed sensor data (e.g. displacements, accelerations, frequencies), operating data of the working machine.

The signal 610 can, for example, have class values based on geodesics (e.g. material strength classes 1...K) and/or state values based on geodesics (e.g. wear states 1...N).

According to various embodiments, the collected data 604 may include (e.g., among others) the displacement, s, or at least represent it. Consequently, the displacement, s, can be supplied to the model 608 (at least as part of the collected data 604). Alternatively, the collected data 604 (e.g., among other things) can represent the bit deflection (e.g., having information about it), e.g. the movement of the bit head 108. In this case, the deformation can be supplied to the model 608 at least as part of the collected data 604.

Additionally or alternatively, the one or more processors 606 may be configured to determine the force, F, acting on the machine bit 100 based on displacement, s, (e.g., according to F=k-s) or bit deflection. For example, the model 608 may be configured to output the signal 610 based on the determined force, F. Clearly, the model 608 can map the force, F, to a condition of the object removed by the machine bit 100 and/or a condition of the machine bit 100 .

Additionally or alternatively, the one or more processors 334 of the computing device 330 may be configured to determine the force, F, acting on the machine bit 100 based on displacement, s, or bit deformation (e.g., according to F=k-s). In this case, the data processing device 330 can be set up to transmit the determined force, F, to the signal processing system 601 in addition (or as an alternative) to the recorded data 604 . According to various embodiments, the model 608 can be set up to output the signal 610 based on the determined force, F, and/or on the acquired data 604 (see, for example, FIG. 6B). Clearly, the force F can be determined based on the translation of the machine bit 100 along the longitudinal axis 107, and based on the other translations and/or rotations of the machine bit 100 described herein in combination with the acting force F, the nature of the means of the machine bit 100 removed object and/or the nature of the machine bit 100 (i.e. the signal 610) can be determined (e.g. using the model 608). Alternatively, the force, F, can be determined based on the chisel deformation, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the nature of the object removed by means of the machine chisel 100 and/or the nature of the machine chisel 100 (ie the signal 610).

Clearly, the signal processing system 601 can use patterns in measured values (the recorded data 604) to differentiate (differentiate) between materials to be removed or removed materials (eg automatically) or to classify them. The model 608 may be specific to a particular removal process. For example, the model 608 can be a reservoir model that maps the data 604 collected during rock cutting to material properties of the rock that is cut or to be cut.

The model 608 may be a machine learning based model. For example, the model 608 may include a reinforcement learning algorithm. According to various embodiments, at least a portion of the model 608 may be implemented using a neural network. A neural network can be any type of neural network such as an autoencoder network, a convolutional neural network (CNN), a variational autoencoder network (VAE), a sparse sparse autoencoder network (SAE) recurrent neuroanal network (RNN) deconvolutional neural network (DNN) generative adversarial network (GAN) a forward-thinking neural network, a sum-product neural network, etc. The neural network may have any number of layers and the trained neural network may have been trained using any type of supervised or unsupervised learning method. These methods can include, for example, elastic or classical error feedback (backpropagation).

According to various embodiments, the machine learning based model 608 can be trained. The training of the model 608 can include determining a large number of data sets, wherein the determination of each data set can include: analyzing (e.g. measuring) the properties of the material to be removed and assigning it to a material class, detecting movements of the machine bit 100 in the removal system 600 by means of one or more sensors 306, optionally capturing and assigning operating data when using the removal system 600, and determining unique characteristic values or characteristic curves of these movements for the analyzed material class and the captured operating data. The model 608 can then be trained using the determined large number of data sets in such a way that the trained model maps movements of the machine chisel 100 to properties of the material removed, taking into account the operating state of the removal system 600 .

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors 606 may be configured to determine an indication of movement and/or deformation of the machine bit 100 . The one or more processors 606 can be set up to determine the movement and/or deformation of the machine bit 100 based on the recorded data 604 . For example, the model 608 may be configured to output the signal 610 in response to inputting the determined movement and/or deformation of the machine bit 100 . According to various embodiments, the one or more processors 606 may be configured to determine an indication of a force acting on the machine bit 100 . The one or more processors 606 can be set up to determine the force acting on the machine bit 100 based on the collected data 604 . For example, model 608 may be configured to output signal 610 in response to inputting the determined force acting on machine bit 100 .

According to various embodiments, the one or more processors 606 may use additional data to determine the signal 610 . For example, the additional data can also be input into the model 608 to determine the signal 610. The additional data can include, for example, operating data of one or more components of the removal system 600 or, for example, of the work machine that drives and controls the removal system.

FIG. 6C shows the removal system 600 according to various embodiments with an exemplary processing machine 630.

The processing machine 630 may include or be, for example, a rock processing machine used in mining (e.g., a rock cutting machine), a rock processing machine used in civil engineering, or a rock processing machine used in civil engineering. A processing machine used in civil engineering can be used, for example, to create or demolish foundations or to drive or repair a tunnel. A processing machine used in structural engineering can be used, for example, to create or demolish buildings. A rock processing machine used in mining may be, for example, a roadheader, a surface miner, a continuous miner, a shaft boring machine, a mining machine, a road milling machine, a trencher, a hydraulic excavator with a milling cutter attachment or a comparable device. According to various embodiments, the machine bit 100 can be a pick or a flat bit. An attachment milling cutter can have, for example, a longitudinal cutting head or a transverse cutting head or a cutting wheel or a cutting chain.

According to various embodiments, the removal system 600 can have at least one storage device 632 . Optionally, the bearing device 632 can be part of the holding device 300 . Bearing device 632 can be set up to provide carrier 314 of holding device 300 with at least one degree of freedom such that bit holder 302 (and optionally machine bit 100) can be moved in a direction 504 at an angle to longitudinal axis 107 and/or along longitudinal axis 107 against a surface can be pressed. This allows, for example, in FIG. 5A through FIG. 5C described material removal.

According to various embodiments, attack forces can be transmitted to the machine chisel 100 by means of the carrier 314 . The signal processing system 601 can receive the data 604 detected by the one or more sensors 306 (n=1 to N) via the communication interface 602 . According to various embodiments, the removal system 600 can have a visualization device 634 . The visualization device 634 can be suitable for providing an operator (for example an operator of the processing machine 630) with information on the operation of the removal system 600 based on the signal 610 that is output. For example, a material property of the excavated rock can be presented to the operator as a signal 610 visually (eg, as a strength value, as a classification value, as a color indication, such as a first color for "hard" and a second color for "soft", etc.). The visualization device 634 can be arranged in a driver's cab of the processing machine 630, for example. Clearly, based on the signal 610, an operator of the excavation system 600 may be able to adjust the excavation process (eg, the rock cutting process). It is not necessary for the operator to be able to see the material to be removed or the material being removed.

According to various embodiments, for example the pressing force FN (e.g. to the strength of the removed material) can be adjusted. A pressure force that is not adapted to the removal process can lead to significantly increased wear of the machine chisel 100 . Clearly, adapting the contact pressure force FN to the signal 610 that is output, which characterizes properties of the material that has been removed and presumably to be removed further, can reduce wear on the machine chisel 100 . Optimal operational management can, for example, have a maximum pressing force FN with at the same time little wear on the machine chisel 100 .

Furthermore, wear of the machine bit 100 can lead to wear of the bit holder 302 . Consequently, adjusting the pressing force FN can also reduce wear of the holding device 300 . A defective (e.g., worn) fixture 300 would require replacement of the fixture 300, such as by welding another fixture 300 to the beam 314. This would result in high costs in materials and labor, as well as the cost of downtime. In addition, such a replacement never achieves the original service life of the holding device 300, and consequently the utility value of the processing machine 630 is reduced—which can be avoided by adapting the pressing force made possible by means of the removal system 600.

According to various embodiments, as an alternative or in addition to the pressing force FN, the speed of movement (also referred to as cutting speed) in direction 504 and/or the contact surface during cutting (also referred to as cutting depth) can be adjusted. The removal system 600 may include a variety of machine bits. The embodiments described herein enable an optimal pressing force FN to be determined for each individual machine bit 100 of the plurality of machine bits.

According to various embodiments, the removal system 600 can have at least one actuator. The actuator can be set up to influence a movement of the machine chisel 100 . The actuator can be set up to influence a movement of the machine bit 100 based on the signal 610 . For example, depending on a determined strength (as signal 610) of the material removed, the actuator can change (e.g. adapt) the speed of movement of the machine bit 100 (in direction 504) and/or the pressing force FN. Clearly, the removal system 600 can adjust the removal process (e.g. the rock cutting process) automatically (or at least semi-automatically) based on the signal 610 by means of the actuator. No operator is required here.

According to various embodiments, detecting the reference body 106 of the machine bit 100 using the one or more sensors 306 of the holding device 300 can provide real-time feedback on the movement of the machine bit 100 . Real time, as used herein, can be understood to mean less than 1 minute (e.g., less than 30 seconds, e.g., less than 10 seconds, e.g., less than 1 second) between the excavation of a rock strata and the issuance of the associated signal 610.

As a result, the removal process (e.g. mining process) no longer has to be interrupted regularly in order to visually inspect the newly exposed removal area (also known as the joint). This reduces the time required for removal and thus also the operating costs. Descriptively, selective dismantling with continuous feedback is made possible, which does not have to be interrupted due to dust formation or heaps being covered or tool contamination. With respect to a rock mining process, the real-time feedback enables selective mining, thereby reducing a proportion of associated minerals, inclusions, and/or waste rock in the mined rock. This also makes it possible to reduce expenses for the subsequent processing of the raw minerals, for example transport costs, storage costs, investment costs and process costs.

The feedback on the material to be removed (e.g. rock, earth, ore, concrete, asphalt, etc.) enables process optimization (e.g. by means of selective mining) in various industries, such as civil engineering, tunnel construction, demolition, etc. The wear detection described here of the gouge 100 may result in an additional cost reduction (e.g., visual inspection of the gouge 100 is no longer required).

According to various embodiments, ablation system 600 may include at least one other

Have communication interface. The at least one other communication interface can be a wired interface or a wireless interface. According to various embodiments, the signal processing system 601 can be set up to transmit the generated signals 610 and/or the data 604 to a higher-level data processing system (eg to integrate them into it) using the communication interface 602 and/or using the at least one other communication interface. The higher-level data processing system can be set up to update the model 608 (eg the deposit model), for operating documentation and/or for maintenance planning). For example, the maintenance can be planned based on the determined state of wear of the machine bit 100 . According to various embodiments, geological data relating to the object to be excavated (eg a deposit, a building and/or a construction site) can be determined by the higher-level data processing system using the data 604 and/or the signal 610 . According to various embodiments, the additional data can be used for servicing and/or maintenance planning.

FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of a method 700 according to various embodiments.

The method 700 may include removing a reference body from a first machine bit (in 702). For example, the reference body can be detached from the first machine bit by releasing a rigid (e.g. positive and/or non-positive) connection between the reference body and the first machine bit. The reference body can have a magnetizable material that forms a scale that can be detected by sensors.

The first machine chisel can be set up, for example, in accordance with machine chisel 100 which has reference body 106 .

The method 700 may include subsequently adding the reference body to a second machine bit (in 704). According to various embodiments, the reference body can be added to the second machine chisel in such a way that a rigid (e.g. positive and/or non-positive) connection is formed between a chisel tip of the second machine chisel and the reference body. For example, after adding the reference body, the second machine bit may be configured according to machine bit 100 .

Clearly, using the method 700, a reference body can be used successively for different machine bits. Clearly, a reference body of a machine bit (e.g. the reference body 106 of the machine bit 100) can be exchangeable. This can, for example, reduce operating costs of a device using machine bits 100, for example.

FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of a method 800 according to various embodiments. The method 800 may include removing a first machine bit having a reference body from a bit holder (in 802). The reference body can have a magnetizable material that forms a scale that can be detected by sensors.

The first machine chisel can be set up, for example, in accordance with machine chisel 100 which has reference body 106 . The chisel holder can be part of the holding device 300, for example (as chisel holder 302).

The method 800 may include inserting a second machine bit having the reference body into a bit holder (in 804). According to various embodiments, the second machine chisel can be inserted into the chisel holder in such a way that a rigid (e.g. positive and/or non-positive) connection is formed between a chisel tip of the second machine chisel and the reference body. The first machine bit can be set up in accordance with machine bit 100, for example. The second bit holder can be inserted into the same bit holder or another bit holder.

For example, bit holders may be part of fixture 300 . The first machine bit can be removed from a bit holder 302 of the holding device 300 (in 802), the reference body can be removed from the first machine bit and added to the second machine bit (e.g. according to the method 700) and the second machine bit can be placed in the bit holder 302 or a other chisel holders can be used.

FIG. 9 shows a flow diagram of a method 900 according to various embodiments.

The method 900 may include removing a material (e.g., cutting a rock) using a machine bit having a reference body (in 902). An exemplary removal of material is provided with reference to FIG. 5A through FIG. 5C described.

Method 900 can include detecting a movement of the reference body relative to a chisel holder, into which the machine chisel is inserted counter to the longitudinal direction of the chisel, by means of at least one sensor of the chisel holder when removing the material (in 904).

The machine bit can be set up according to the machine bit 100 . The chisel holder can (as chisel holder 302) be part of the holding device 300. For example, the machine chisel 100 can be inserted into the chisel holder 302 counter to the longitudinal direction 107 . At least one of the one or more sensors 306 can detect the movement of the machine chisel 100 relative to the chisel holder 302 when the material is being removed. The method 900 may include outputting a signal based on the detected movement of the reference body (in 906). The output signal can be a sensor signal, for example. The output signal can include or at least represent detected data from the at least one sensor.

According to various embodiments, the method 900 can further include determining a parameter, which represents a force acting on the machine bit, based on the outputted signal.

Illustratively, the method 900 may be a material differentiation method.

FIG. 10 shows a flow diagram of a method 1000 according to various embodiments.

The method 1000 may include determining a mechanical response of a reference body (e.g. its change or the frequency of change) of a machine bit received in a holding device to a mechanical excitation of the machine bit (in 1002). The mechanical excitation of the machine chisel can result in a deflection of the machine chisel relative to the holding device and/or from a reference position. The method 1000 may include, for example, generating instructions for exciting deflection of the drill bit. The response of a reference body can include, for example, a movement (e.g. a vibration) and/or a deformation of the reference body, which (e.g. its frequency) is detected.

The method 1000 can include classifying a sensor of the holding device, by means of which the response is detected, based on a comparison of the response detected by the sensor with a stored reference response (in 1004). The method 1000 may optionally further include generating a signal indicative of a result of the classification. The signal may indicate whether the drill bit response meets a stored criterion. The criterion can be met if a deviation in the response of the machine bit from a stored reference response is less than a (e.g. stored) threshold value.

The method makes it possible, for example, to detect contamination in the recording area, on the reference body (e.g. on the scale that can be detected by sensors) and/or on the sensor. The method can allow the sensor to be calibrated. The method can enable a functional test of a sensor.

Through the targeted movement of the machine bit in the holding device and a comparison of the measured values with target values, the method can provide indications or criteria that rock or metal dust has accumulated in the sensor area and is impeding the detection of the movement of the machine bit or increasing the risk of premature wear . According to various embodiments, the machine chisel can be moved to respectively defined stop points, the signal of the at least one sensor can be detected and the detected signal can be compared with a stored reference response (eg a previously determined, stored calibration signal).

The machine chisel can, for example, be mechanically deflected manually. According to various embodiments, the machine bit can be semi-machined deflected using a deflection device. The deflection device can be set up in such a way that the machine chisel is moved by the deflection device into the predefined stop positions by selecting the appropriate parameters. The sensor can acquire the associated measurements and the acquired measurements can be compared (e.g. by means of the data processing device 330) with the reference response. For example, the measured values recorded by a plurality of sensors can be compared summarily with the reference response and/or a reference response assigned to one of the plurality of sensors.

The reference response may be a result of a qualitative and/or quantitative dual or gradual assessment of the fouling and/or wear condition.

FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of a method 1100 for operating a removal device according to various embodiments. For example, the method 1100 can be a method for restoring and/or maintaining the function of a sensor of the removal device.

The removal device can have the holding device 300 . The removal device can be set up according to the removal device 200 .

The method 1100 may include removing solid particles that are attached to a machine bit and/or the bit holder and/or that are located between the machine bit and the bit holder (in 1102). The solid particles can be removed, for example, by means of ablation and/or magnetic binding (e.g., capture).

Here, for example, an area in the vicinity of the sensor can be cleaned of rock and/or metal dust that has penetrated.

The solid particles can be removed, for example, by means of compressed air. The process can work with compressed air, for example, to keep the sensors dust-free or to make them dust-free again after a certain time. Magnetic solid particles can be removed, for example, by means of a capture magnet. Clearly, the catching magnet (or optionally several catching magnets) can catch metal chips that are produced before they reach the scale that can be detected by sensors and/or the bias magnet of the sensor. These metal shavings occur almost exclusively on the chisel tip and on the front impact surface of the chisel holder as a result of the impact of the machine chisel on this and the attack on the rock. Steel chips that accumulate on the bias magnet can falsify its signal in the form of a level weakening and/or level shift proportional to the mass of the deposit. If the material is not removed, this corresponds to sensor wear.

The method serves to avoid wear on the reference body and/or the one or more sensors and to continuously maintain the specified detection quality during operation of the removal system. The process can be automated by using specific patterns in the readings to automatically detect contamination of the sensor area.

The method 1100 may include removing a material using the machine bit received in the bit holder before and/or after removing the solid particles (in 1104).

12A shows the locking device 202, 204 according to various embodiments 1200a, in which the locking device 202, 402 has the reference body or is formed from it (then also referred to as locking device 1200). This locking device 1200 simplifies design and/or makes it easier to retrofit an existing design.

For example, the locking device 1200 can be configured as a securing device (e.g. locking ring) which is configured to be inserted into a recess (e.g. groove or bore) of the locking structure 110 (e.g. the shank 104) or otherwise positively connected to the shank 104 . For example, such a safety device can be set up as a knock-in safety device, i.e. set up to be knocked into the recess.

In the exemplary implementation of the embodiments 1200 shown here, a (e.g. open) locking ring serves as a locking device 1200 which can be inserted into a circumferential groove 110 of the shank 104 . What has been described in this regard can apply by analogy to any other geometry of the locking device 1200 (e.g. if it has a locking pin) or to any other component which can be positively connected to the shaft (e.g. interlocking). In this regard, it should be noted that the connection between shaft 104 and locking device 1200 does not necessarily have to be rigid, but can optionally have some play. This can still be sufficient, for example, to detect a rotation of the chisel 100 by sensors.

The (e.g. toothed) retaining ring can have (or be formed from) one or more than one (e.g. tooth-shaped) scale 112 made of the magnetizable material, which, for example have a distance from each other. As already described above, the detectable scale of the retaining ring can have elongated structures 112 (e.g. profiles, e.g. teeth) that run along a surface (e.g. lateral surface) of the retaining ring essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis 107 (e.g. in direction 105) or are arranged concentrically .

FIG. 12B shows a removal device 200 according to various embodiments, which has the machine chisel 100 and the holding device 300 with the locking device 1200, according to various embodiments 1200b in a schematic perspective view and FIG. 12B shows the removal device 200 in a schematic cross-sectional view 1200c from direction 105. In the exemplary implementation shown, the shaft can be removed from the receiving space.

Various examples are described below which relate to what has been described above and shown in the figures.

Example 1 is a machine bit, comprising: a chisel point, a shank that (e.g. at an angle (e.g. 0° or more, e.g. 5° or more, e.g. 10° or more)) away from the chisel point along a longitudinal axis of the machine bit extends; a reference body which has at least one (i.e. one or more than one) scale that can be detected by sensors (e.g. made of a magnetizable material or comprising the magnetizable material); wherein the reference body, the shank and the chisel tip are rigidly (e.g. positively or materially) connected to one another; and/or wherein the reference body is positively connected to the shaft (e.g. interlocking) or is at least set up for this purpose.

Example 2 is set up according to Example 1, with the chisel point being arranged on a first end face of the shank and/or being rigidly connected to it.

Example 3 is set up according to Example 1 or 2, with the reference body being arranged on and/or rigidly connected to a second end face of the shaft, which is preferably opposite the first end face.

Example 4 is set up according to one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein the at least one scale is at least partially arranged in a (e.g. internal or external) cavity (e.g. extending into the shaft along the longitudinal axis) of the reference body.

Example 5 is set up according to one of Examples 1 to 4, the magnetizable material having one or more than one permanent magnet, by means of which the scale that can be detected by sensors is formed. Example 6 is set up in accordance with one of Examples 1 to 5, with the sensor-detectable magnetic scale being formed from a magnetizable but not permanently magnetic material.

Example 7 is set up according to any of Examples 1 to 6, wherein the at least one scale has one or more than one magnetic pole, each magnetic pole being provided by means of the magnetizable material and/or providing a scale element of the scale.

Example 8 is set up according to any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein the reference body has one or more indentations, each indentation providing a scale element of the scale.

Example 9 is set up according to one of Examples 1 to 8, wherein the at least one scale has: a first scale having a plurality of indentations whose spacing and/or extent spans a dimension of the scale along a closed path, and/or a second scale, which has a plurality of indentations, the spacing and/or extension of which spans a dimension of the scale towards the shaft.

Example 10 is set up according to example 9, wherein each of the indentations of the second scale forms a trench that extends along the longitudinal axis and/or toward the chisel point, and/or wherein each of the indentations of the first scale forms a trench that extends along the is extended in a closed path.

Example 11 is set up according to one of Examples 1 to 10, wherein the at least one scale has: a third scale, which has a plurality of (e.g. concentric or radial) indentations, the spacing and/or extent of which spans a dimension of the scale transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Example 12 is arranged according to Example 11, wherein each of the third scale indentations forms a trench running around the longitudinal axis and/or wherein each of the third scale indentations forms a trench running toward the longitudinal axis.

Example 13 is set up according to one of Examples 1 to 12, with the reference body and the shaft being detachably connected to one another (e.g. by means of a positive fit).

Example 14 is set up according to any one of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the shank is a round shank.

In example 15, the machine bit according to any one of examples 1 to 14 may optionally further comprise: a cutter head extending away from the chisel tip along the longitudinal axis towards the shank, the cutter head and the shank being integrally bonded. Example 16 is a holding device comprising: a bit holder having an opening for receiving a machine bit (e.g. a machine bit according to any one of Examples 1 to 15), a locking device (e.g. first type or second type) arranged with the in the opening mounted machine bit to form a form fit that limits a movement of the machine bit along a longitudinal axis of the machine bit, a receiving area (e.g. a cavity) for receiving a section (e.g. having a reference body) of the machine bit which is exposed towards the opening (e.g. along the longitudinal axis); at least one sensor, which is arranged on the receiving area and is set up to detect the section extending into the receiving area (e.g. its sensor-detectable scale) without contact, with the locking device (e.g. ring-shaped or ring segment-shaped) (e.g. its locking ring or locking pin) preferably having a (eg ring-shaped or ring-segment-shaped) reference body (or is formed therefrom) which has (or is formed from) at least one scale which can be detected by sensors using the at least one sensor and is made of a magnetizable material.

Example 17 is set up according to example 16, wherein the at least one sensor is set up: a distance of the reference body from the sensor and/or a distance (e.g. amplitude) by which the reference body moves relative to the bit holder and/or a frequency with which the reference body moves to detect.

Example 18 is set up according to either of Examples 16 or 17, wherein the sensor is rigidly connected to the bit holder.

Example 19 is set up according to any one of Examples 16 to 18, wherein the at least one sensor comprises: one or more than one magnetoresistive sensor, one or more than one Hall sensor; one or more capacitive sensors; and/or one or more inductive sensors (e.g. an eddy current sensor).

Example 20 is set up according to one of Examples 16 to 19, wherein the at least one sensor is set up to detect a field emanating from and/or influenced by the machine chisel, the field preferably being a magnetic field and/or an electric field.

In Example 21, the fixture according to any one of Examples 16 to 20 may further include: a chisel bushing disposed in the opening and supporting the sensor.

Example 22 is set up according to example 21, with the bit bushing having a greater hardness than the bit holder. Example 23 is set up according to Example 21 or 22, with the chisel bushing: being in one piece (e.g. in the form of a, e.g. cap-shaped, sleeve) and/or being at least partially closed along the longitudinal axis (e.g. except for bores), or being in several parts (e.g. in form of a part sleeve), of which a (e.g. second) part of the chisel bushing has the receiving area and can preferably be attached to another (e.g. first) part of the chisel bushing or the chisel holder, the at least one sensor preferably being on the part that contains the receiving area has, is arranged.

Example 24 is set up according to one of Examples 16 to 23, with the at least one sensor being set up to indicate a translation of the machine chisel parallel to the chisel axis and/or a translation of the machine chisel transverse to the chisel axis and/or a rotation of the machine chisel about the longitudinal axis of the machine chisel and /or to detect rotation of the drill bit perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the drill bit.

Example 25 is set up according to any one of Examples 16 to 24, wherein the locking device is set up such that the machine bit is provided with one or more rotational degrees of freedom when the positive locking is formed.

Example 26 is configured according to any one of Examples 16 to 25, wherein the locking device is configured such that the machine bit is provided with one or more than one degree of translational freedom when the positive locking is formed.

Example 27 is configured according to any one of Examples 16 to 20, wherein the opening extends along a direction into the bit holder and wherein the opening is located rearward of the receiving area with respect to the direction; and wherein the locking device is set up to form a form fit with the machine chisel received in the opening, which rigidly connects the machine chisel (e.g. a shank of the machine chisel) to the chisel holder (limiting, for example, 3 translational degrees of freedom and 3 rotational degrees of freedom of the machine chisel). According to various embodiments, the machine bit can be a flat bit.

Example 28 is set up according to example 27, with the sensor being set up to detect a chisel head of the machine chisel that extends into the receiving area as a section without contact.

Example 29 is set up according to example 27 or 28, wherein the at least one sensor is set up to detect a mechanical change (eg movement and/or deformation) of the machine bit. For example, the at least one sensor can be set up to detect a movement of the sensor-detectable scale resulting from the deformation of the machine chisel. For example, the at least one sensor can be set up to detect a movement of the entire scale that can be detected by sensors and/or a compression of the scale that can be detected by sensors (e.g. a relative Movement of individual elements of the sensory detectable scale to each other) detect. Since the movement of the machine chisel can result from a deformation of the machine chisel, the at least one sensor can be set up to detect a deformation of the machine chisel (for example the chisel head).

Example 30 is set up according to examples 28 and 29, with the at least one sensor being set up to detect a deformation of the chisel head (e.g. a movement of the sensor-detectable scale due to a deformation of the chisel head).

In example 31, the holding device according to any one of examples 16 to 30 can optionally further comprise: a cleaning device configured to remove solid particles adhering to the machine bit and/or the bit holder and/or which are arranged between the machine bit and the bit holder removed (e.g. abraded and/or magnetically bound).

Example 32 is a removal system, comprising: a holding device according to any one of examples 16 to 31, optionally the machine bit (e.g. set up according to one of examples 1 to 15) and optionally a signal processing system (e.g. implemented in a cloud or a remote control) that is set up to output a signal based on the machine bit detected by the at least one sensor.

Example 33 is set up according to example 32, wherein the signal processing system is set up to determine an indication of a mechanical change (e.g. movement and/or deformation) of the machine bit based on the machine bit detected by the at least one sensor, the signal being based on the indication .

Example 34 is set up according to example 32 or 33, with the signal processing system being set up to determine an indication of a force acting on the machine chisel based on a parameter (e.g. the displacement, s, or the spring deflection of the machine chisel relative to the chisel holder), which represents a spring force acting on the machine bit, the signal being based on the indication. The parameter can be determined, for example, based on the machine tool detected by the at least one sensor, or it can be stored in a data memory.

Example 35 is set up according to one of Examples 32 to 33, wherein the signal processing system is set up to determine the signal based on a mechanical change (e.g. movement and/or deformation) of the machine bit relative to the bit holder detected by the at least one sensor.

Example 36 is arranged in accordance with any one of Examples 32 to 35, wherein the signal represents a condition of an object excavated by the machine bit. Example 37 is arranged according to any one of Examples 32 to 36, wherein the signal represents a condition of the tool bit, preferably a wear condition of the tool bit.

In example 38, the removal system according to any one of examples 32 to 37 can optionally further comprise: an actuator configured to influence a movement of the bit holder based on the signal.

Example 39 is a method (e.g., a method of transferring a reference body) comprising: removing a reference body from a first machine bit (e.g., by releasing a rigid connection between a chisel point of the first machine bit and the reference body), and then adding the reference body to a second machine chisel in such a way that a rigid connection is formed between a chisel tip of the second machine chisel and the reference body, the reference body having a magnetizable material that forms a scale that can be detected by sensors, the machine chisel being set up, for example, according to one of Examples 1 to 15.

Example 40 is a method (e.g. a method for changing a machine bit), comprising: removing a first machine bit, which has a reference body, from a bit holder, inserting a second machine bit, which has the reference body, into a bit holder, with a rigid connection between a chisel point of the second machine chisel and the reference body is formed; wherein the reference body has a magnetizable material that forms a scale that can be detected by sensors, wherein the machine chisel is set up, for example, according to one of examples 1 to 15 and/or the bit holder is set up, for example, according to one of examples 16 to 31.

Example 41 is a method comprising: removing a material using a machine bit having a reference body; Detecting a mechanical change (e.g. movement and/or deformation) of the reference body (e.g. due to a movement of the machine chisel as a whole and/or a deformation of the machine chisel) relative to a chisel holder, into which the machine chisel is inserted counter to a longitudinal direction of the machine chisel, by means of at least one sensor of the chisel holder when removing the material; Outputting a signal based on the detected mechanical change (e.g. movement and/or deformation) of the reference body, the machine chisel being set up, for example, according to one of Examples 1 to 15 and/or the bit holder being set up, for example, according to one of Examples 16 to 31, the signal being determined or set up, for example, according to one of Examples 32 to 38. Example 42 is a method (e.g. a method for functional testing of a sensor), comprising: determining a mechanical response of a reference body of a machine bit, which is accommodated in a holding device, to a mechanical excitation of the machine bit (e.g. relative to the holding device and/or from a reference position); and classifying a sensor of the holding device, by means of which the response is detected, based on a comparison of the response detected by the sensor with a stored reference response.

Example 43 is arranged in accordance with example 42, further comprising: generating instructions for stimulating deflection of the machine bit received in a fixture.

Example 44 is set up according to example 42 or 43, further comprising: generating a signal indicative of a result of the classification, preferably whether the response of the machine bit meets a stored criterion, the criterion preferably being met if a deviation of the response of the machine bit from of a stored reference response is smaller than a (e.g. stored) threshold value.

The method according to one or more of Examples 42 to 44 enables contamination to be detected in the recording area, on the scale and/or on the at least one sensor.

Example 45 is a method for operating a removal device (e.g. for restoring and/or maintaining the function of a sensor of the removal device), which uses a machine bit (e.g. a machine bit according to one of examples 1 to 15) arranged in a holding device according to one of examples 16 to 31. the method comprising: removing particulate matter adhering to a machine bit and/or the bit holder and/or located between the machine bit and the bit holder, preferably by ablating and/or magnetically binding (e.g., trapping) the particulate matter; and removing a material by means of the machine bit received in the bit holder before and/or after removing the solid particles.

In example 46, which is preferably set up according to one of examples 1 to 45, the reference body is attached to the cutter shank at an end of the cutter shank opposite the cutter head, is embedded in it or is part of the chisel shank (e.g. attached to the rear of the chisel or part of the chisel shank). .

In example 47, which is preferably set up according to any one of examples 1 to 46, the scale adjoins a convex outer surface of the bit shank and/or reference body (e.g. arranged externally); or the scale borders on a concave inner surface of the chisel shank and/or reference body (e.g. arranged internally), for example if the reference body has a cavity (e.g. at an end of the Bit shank arranged) which is bounded by the concave inner surface. The cavity can be set up, for example, to accommodate the at least one sensor, for example if this is at least partially extended into the cavity during operation.

In example 48, which is preferably set up according to one of examples 1 to 47, the at least one sensor is attached to the bit socket and/or arranged below the opening for receiving the machine bit.

In example 49, which is preferably set up according to one of examples 1 to 48, the at least one sensor is arranged in the bit socket or at least attached to it. The chisel socket is preferably penetrated by an opening (e.g. forming a passage running transversely to the chisel axis), into which the at least one sensor extends and/or through which the at least one sensor of the chisel detects, and/or which faces the receiving area the at least one sensor exposed. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one sensor can be exposed to the outside.

In example 50, which is preferably arranged according to any one of examples 1 to 49, the at least one sensor is arranged such that a distance of the sensor from the machine bit when received in the opening of the holder is less than about 1 cm (centimeters), e.g., about 0.5 cm, e.g., about 0.2 cm, e.g., about 0.1 cm.

In Example 51, which is preferably set up according to any one of Examples 1 to 50, the at least one sensor is arranged such that it is spaced from (e.g. not touching) the machine bit when received in the opening of the holding device.

In Example 52, which is preferably set up according to one of Examples 1 to 51, the scale has one or more than one edge (preferably formed by means of the magnetizable material), of which, for example, an edge is adjacent to a (e.g. rear) end face of the chisel and /or of which, for example, an edge borders on a depression (eg groove or chamfer) of the chisel. The scale can preferably be formed by means of exactly one edge of the magnetizable material, which can be detected by the at least one, for example. List of reference symbols: 00 machine chisel 01, 103, 105 directions 02 chisel tip 04 shank 06 reference body 07 longitudinal axis 08 chisel head 09 chisel pin 10 locking structure 11 chisel collar 12 scales which can be detected by sensors 00 removal device 02 locking device 12 spacing 14 displacement 00 holding device 02 chisel holder 04 chisel bushing 086 seal one or more 10 sensors 086 seal elastically deformable element 14 carrier 16 opening 20 receiving area 22 spacing 24 second receiving area 30 data processing device 32 communication interface 34 processors 36 storage device 38 communication interface 02 locking device 20 receiving area 00 process of material removal 02 material 504 direction

600 removal system

601 signal processing system

602 communication interface

604 dates

606 processors

608 model

610 signal

630 processing machine

632 storage device

634 visualization device

700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100 procedures

1200 locking device

Claims

56 patent claims

1. Machine bit (100) comprising:

• a chisel point (102);

• a shank (104) extending away from the bit point (102) along a longitudinal axis (107) of the machine bit (100); and

• a reference body (106) which has at least one sensor-detectable scale (112) made of a magnetizable material;

• wherein the reference body (106), the shank (104) and the chisel tip (102) are rigidly connected to one another, and/or wherein the reference body (106) is set up to be positively connected to the shank (104).

2. Machine chisel (100) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one scale (112) is at least partially arranged in a cavity of the reference body (106).

3. Machine bit (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one scale (112) has one or more than one magnetic pole, each magnetic pole of which is provided by means of the magnetizable material and/or provides a scale element of the at least one scale.

4. Machine bit (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reference body (106) has one or more than one indentation, each indentation providing a scale element of the at least one scale.

5. Machine bit (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one scale (112) comprises:

• a first scale (112(1)), which has a plurality of indentations, the spacing and/or extent of which spans a dimension of the at least one scale (112) along a closed path; and or

• a second scale (112(2)), which has a plurality of indentations, the spacing and/or extension of which spans a dimension of the at least one scale (112) towards the shaft (104).

6. Machine bit (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reference body (106) and the shank (104) are releasably connected to one another.

7. fixture (300) comprising:

• a bit holder (302) having an opening (316) for receiving a machine bit (100); 57

• a locking device (202, 402) which is set up to form a form fit with the machine bit received in the opening (316) which limits movement of the machine bit along a longitudinal axis of the machine bit;

• a receiving area (320, 420) for receiving a portion of the machine bit, the receiving area (320, 420) being exposed to the opening (316); and

• at least one sensor (306) which is arranged on the receiving area (320, 420) and is set up to detect the section extending into the receiving area (320, 420) without contact;

• wherein the locking device (202, 402) preferably has a reference body (106) which has at least one scale (112) made of a magnetizable material that can be detected by sensors using the at least one sensor (306). The fixture (300) of claim 7, including: a bit bushing (304) disposed in said opening (316) and carrying said at least one sensor (306). The fixture (300) of claim 7 or 8, wherein the bit bushing (304):

• is in one piece and/or is at least partially closed off along the longitudinal axis; or

• is multi-part, of which a part (304(2)) of the chisel bushing (304) has the receiving area (320) and is preferably attached to another part (304(1)) of the chisel bushing (304) or to the chisel holder (302). can, wherein the at least one sensor (306) is preferably arranged on the part (304(2)) that has the receiving area (320). Holding device (300) according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the at least one sensor (306) is set up

• a translation of the machine chisel parallel to the chisel axis and/or

• a translation of the machine chisel transversely to the chisel axis and/or

• a rotation of the machine bit around the longitudinal axis of the machine bit and/or

• detect rotation of the tool bit perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tool bit. Holding device (300) according to claim 7 or 8,

• wherein the opening (316) extends along a direction (105) into the bit holder (302) and wherein the opening (316) is arranged behind the receiving area (420) with respect to the direction (105);

• wherein the locking device (402) is set up to form a form fit with the machine chisel received in the opening (316), which rigidly connects the machine chisel to the chisel holder (302). 58 Holding device (300) according to claim 11, wherein the at least one sensor (306) is set up to detect a deformation of the machine chisel, preferably a movement of the sensor-detectable scale resulting from the deformation of a chisel head (108) of the machine chisel (100). Holding device (300) according to any one of claims 7 to 12, further comprising:

• a cleaning device which is set up to remove solid particles which adhere to the machine chisel and/or the chisel holder (302) and/or which are arranged between the machine chisel and the chisel holder (302). Removal system (600) comprising:

• a holding device (300) according to any one of claims 7 to 13;

• a signal processing system (601) which is set up to output a signal (610) based on the machine bit (100) detected by means of the at least one sensor (306). Ablation system (600) according to claim 14,

• wherein the signal (610) represents a condition of an object excavated by the machine bit; and or

• wherein the signal (610) represents a condition of the machine bit, preferably a wear condition of the machine bit. A method (700) comprising:

• removing a reference body from a first machine bit (702); and

• subsequently adding the reference body to a second machine bit such that a rigid connection is formed between a chisel point of the second machine bit and the reference body (704);

• wherein the reference body has a magnetizable material that forms a sensor-detectable scale. A method (800) comprising:

• removing a first machine bit, which has a reference body, from a bit holder (802); and

• inserting a second machine chisel, which has the reference body, into a chisel holder, a rigid connection being formed between a chisel tip of the second machine chisel and the reference body (804);

• wherein the reference body has a magnetizable material that forms a sensor-detectable scale. 59 procedures (1000) comprising:

• determining a mechanical response of a reference body of a machine bit, which is accommodated in a holding device, to a mechanical excitation of the machine bit (1002); and

• Classifying a sensor of the holding device, by means of which the response is detected, based on a comparison of the response detected by the sensor with a stored reference response (1004). Method (1100) for operating a removal device (200), which has a holding device (300) according to one of Claims 7 to 13 and the machine chisel arranged therein, the method (1100) having:

• removing solid particles which adhere to a machine bit and/or the bit holder and/or which are arranged between the machine bit and the bit holder, preferably by means of abrading and/or magnetically binding the solid particles (1102);

• Removal of a material by means of the machine bit, which is accommodated in the bit holder, before and/or after removing the solid particles (1104). A method (900) comprising:

• removing a material by means of a machine chisel (902) which has a reference body;

• detecting a mechanical change, preferably a movement, of the reference body relative to a chisel holder, into which the machine chisel is inserted counter to a longitudinal direction of the machine chisel, by means of at least one sensor of the chisel holder when removing the material (904); and

• Outputting a signal based on the detected change in the reference body (906).