EP4412470A1 - Composition for reducing the concentration of viruses and of african swine fever virus (asfv) in animal feed and litter materials for stables - Google Patents
Composition for reducing the concentration of viruses and of african swine fever virus (asfv) in animal feed and litter materials for stablesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4412470A1 EP4412470A1 EP22799937.2A EP22799937A EP4412470A1 EP 4412470 A1 EP4412470 A1 EP 4412470A1 EP 22799937 A EP22799937 A EP 22799937A EP 4412470 A1 EP4412470 A1 EP 4412470A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- composition
- acid
- asfv
- use according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
Definitions
- composition for reducing the concentration of viruses and African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in animal feed and bedding for stables
- the present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising inflorescences and/or one or more extracts of female inflorescences of the genus Humulus and/or one or more extracts of glycyrrhiza and/or one or more plant parts of glycyrrhiza for reducing the concentration of viruses and in particular the African one African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in animal feed and in bedding material ("litter”) for stables (such as straw and/or straw pellets).
- ASFV African one African Swine Fever Virus
- the composition can also have other components, in particular one or more acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and/or citric acid and/or their ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and /or magnesium salts and/or one or more components selected from the group consisting of grape pomace, grape seed extract, grape seeds, acacia exudate, Quillaya saponaria, diatomaceous earth, soap bark extract, grapevine extract, 1,2-propanediol, roselle, Sapindus sapinoria, carrier E551 and flow aids and in particular contain any combination of the above components.
- acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and/or citric acid and/or their ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and /or magnesium salts and/or one or more components selected from the group consist
- viruses can be found in all types of living beings as obligate cell-bound microorganisms and pathogens. Poison means virus in Latin. According to Büttner (2006), viruses can only reproduce in living cells. Known viruses in pig production include Porcine Epidenic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Seneca Valley A Virus (SVA) and ASFV.
- PEDV Porcine Epidenic Diarrhea Virus
- PRRSV Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
- SVA Seneca Valley A Virus
- ASFV ASFV
- ASFV African Swine Fever
- the invention presented thus contributes to containing the African swine fever virus and thus improves biosecurity in agricultural production.
- the outbreak of ASF is having a significant impact on global protein supply with a negative impact on pork production and consumption (Woonwong et al., 2020: The future of the pig industry after the introduction of African Swine Fever into Asia; Animal Frontiere; Vol. 10, No. 4).
- African swine fever is a highly contagious, generalized disease of pigs caused by an iridovirus of the Asfarviridae family.
- viruses have different virulence depending on the strain. They are also distinguished by a very high resistance to physical and/or chemical inactivation.
- the pathogen can remain viable in blood, faeces and tissues for a long time. It can also spread through other vectors (including bedding materials and empty livestock transport vehicles returning from affected areas). Therefore, control of ASF depends on eradication policies and strict enforcement of sanitation plans.
- ASF most commonly occurs in the acute form as hemorrhagic fever.
- the ASF virus itself is a double-stranded DNA arbovirus. At the same time, it is the only member of the Asfarviridae family.
- Pigs belong to the even-toed ungulates and here to the suborder of the pig-like (Suina).
- the following genera are included: Sus (wild boar), Babyrousa (babies), Phacochoerus (warthogs) and Potamochoerus (bush pigs and river hogs) [cf. also Systematic Zoology, Volker Storch, Ulrich Welsch; Spectrum Academic Publishing House, October 21, 2003 - p. 854],
- Feed is the basis of animal husbandry - this applies equally to agricultural livestock farming and the downstream food industry, as well as to the keeping of pets and hobby animals (key data of the feed industry - Deutscher Verband Tiernahrung e.V. (dvtiernahrung.de))
- (animal) feed can be understood as a single feed, a combination of single feeds, premixes thereof and/or other active ingredients and complete feed(s).
- bedding material is also a vector for the transmission of viruses and in particular ASF.
- bedding material can be understood as straw, straw pellets or other organic, low-dust materials (see: Guidelines for species-appropriate pig husbandry: here NEULAND guidelines for species-appropriate pig husbandry; as of April 2018). Since bedding materials are produced in a similar way to animal feed, or are a by-product of their production, it must be assumed that bedding materials play a similar role in the transmission of ASF. This applies in particular since these are stored under the same conditions and come into intensive contact with the animal. According to the invention, the litter material is treated according to the dosages for feed before being littered.
- WO2022/112365A1 describes a method for shortening the retention time required to ensure virus degradation in the feed.
- the virucidal effect of benzoic acid in animal feed can be enhanced by essential oils.
- One embodiment of the invention relates to a method for at least partially inactivating ASFV in pig feed, characterized in that benzoic acid is added to the pig feed together with at least one essential oil.
- the preferred essential oils are thymol and eugenol.
- WO 2020/149892 A1 describes a method of using the feed additive based on formaldehyde and propionic acid described there to reduce ASF in cell culture tests and feed.
- PEDV Porcine Epidenic Diarrhea Virus
- PRRSV Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
- SVA Seneca Valley A Virus
- Trudeau et al., 2016 (Trudeau et al., 2016; Comparison of Thermal and Non-Thermal Processing for Swine Feed and the Use of Selected Feed additives on Inactivation of PEDV, Published: June 24, 2016) also describe that future research are required to determine the prevalence and maximum titers of PEDV in commercial pig feedstuffs, to determine the treatment parameters (time and temperature of thermal treatment and dose of eBeam treatment (Applications of ionizing radiation technology (ebeam)) and feed additive chosen), most effective for inactivating PEDV.
- eBeam treatment Applications of ionizing radiation technology (ebeam)
- feed additive chosen most effective for inactivating PEDV.
- WO 2020/180877 A1 and Trudeau et al., 2016 make no reference to ASFV.
- Patent EP 3054783 B1 describes a composition of medium-chain fatty acids and a feed supplement containing this composition.
- the invention is disclosed to improve gut health and immunity in animals and eliminate harmful pathogens.
- the composition as described there contains additional raw materials (additives) and/or growth-promoting substances.
- the additives are selected from the group consisting of flavors, plant extracts and carboxylic acids, among others. Claims 5 and 6 disclose that the formulation is also effective against viruses, specifically norovirus and rotavirus. However, the flavors, plant extracts and carboxylic acids are not further mentioned in the claims.
- the publication CN110279033A relates to a method for producing a feed additive from hop extract.
- the Humulus lupulus extract supplement is made up of the following components, in parts by weight: 20-50 parts Humulus lupulus extract, 20-30 parts licorice powder, and 20-60 parts corn cob meal.
- 20-50 parts Humulus lupulus extract 20-30 parts licorice powder
- 20-60 parts corn cob meal 20-60 parts corn cob meal.
- CN110651903A a method is described, a pig feed based on wormwood, to reduce ASFV.
- herbs, vitamins and enzymes, acids are explicitly used only for acidification.
- CN111213786A and CN109497107A describe methods through drinking water application and a method for disinfecting airborne diseases such as ASF. Both methods are therefore not applicable to fodder and bedding materials.
- compositions known from the prior art are not satisfactory in every respect.
- One object of the present invention is therefore to provide compositions or combinations which bring about a reduction in the concentration of viruses, in particular ASFV, in animal feed, preferably in feed for pigs.
- the inventors were able to show that the amount of viruses, in particular ASFV, in animal feed was significantly reduced, in particular by use according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows the determination of the ASFV kinetics after virus inoculation of the feed rtPCR (Ct values >40 negative; ⁇ 40 positive).
- FIG. 3 shows the determination of the ASFV kinetics after virus inoculation using HAD50.
- FIG. 5 shows that the substances according to the invention achieve an increased effect either additively or multiplicatively.
- the invention relates comprehensively to the use of a composition
- extracts of glycyrrhiza and/or one or more plant parts of glycyrrhiza preferably from roots, root suckers and/or rootstock, to reduce viruses (or their concentration) in litter materials, and/or viruses (or their concentration) in feed, preferably animal feed, preferably the ASF virus (or its concentration) in bedding materials, and/or the ASF virus (or its concentration) in feed, preferably animal feed.
- extracts of female inflorescences of the genus Humulus refer in particular to the total soft resins of the hops, isomerized or not.
- alpha acid extracts from hops and their isomerized iso-alpha acids include alpha acids and their isomers include humulone, cohumulone and adhumulone and isohumulone, isocohumulone and isoadhumulone), as free as possible of beta acids and hop oils.
- Hop extracts also include beta acid extracts (if possible free from alpha acids and hop oils) of hops and their isomerized iso-beta acids.
- the ß-acids include lupulone, colupulone and adlupulone.
- synthetic alpha and beta acids or their isomerized forms as well as hop cone pellets, hop cone powder and the extraction grains of the hop preferably comprise component (i) according to the invention.
- extracts of glycyrrhiza refers in particular to the use of dry, water-soluble and/or liquid liquorice extract and/or liquorice powder.
- the total amount of (i) inflorescences and/or extracts of female inflorescences of the genus Humulus and/or (ii) extracts of glycyrrhiza and/or plant parts of glycyrrhiza is at least 20% by weight of the composition, based on the total weight of the composition;
- the ratio, preferably the weight ratio, of (i) inflorescences and/or extracts of female inflorescences of the genus Humulus and/or (ii) extracts of glycyrrhiza and/or plant parts of glycyrrhiza is between 0.5 and 3.5, more preferably between 0.6 and 3.3 and most preferably between 0.7 and 3.0; and or
- the dosage in the fodder or organic litter based on the total amount of dry matter of the fodder, is 0.01% to 0.15% by weight and preferably 0.03% to 0.12% by weight, and more preferably 0.04% to 0.10% by weight; and or
- the total dosage of the composition from (i), (ii), (iii) and/or (iv) is between 0.1% by weight to 1.5% by weight, preferably 0.3% by weight to 1.0% by weight and more preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the dry matter of the feed or organic litter; and or
- the composition contains between 1.5% by weight and 12% by weight, preferably between 2% by weight and 11% by weight or between 3% by weight and 10% by weight, of the components (i ) and (ii) based on the total weight of the composition.
- litter material and “litter” can be used synonymously.
- the invention relates to a corresponding composition as such.
- the components according to the invention can each be used individually or in combination with one another. These substances achieve an increased effect either additively or multiplicatively (see also FIG. 5).
- the components, in particular the extracts can be liquid or solid and either contain residues of the extraction agent or not. According to the invention, these extracts can be either liquid or solid and can be natural, nature-identical or synthetic.
- 1,2-propanediol propylene glycol
- Application in the feed materials, premixes and complete feeds is carried out by mixing into the animal feed and litter materials or by spraying the liquid components according to the invention into the animal feed and litter materials during the mixing process or by application after mixing and/or pelleting and/or granulating.
- the administration according to the invention preferably takes place in the event of an increased risk of ASFV and particularly preferably continuously.
- components (i) and/or (ii) are administered individually or in combination, particularly preferably in a combination preparation with components (iii) and/or (iv), to the individual feeds, premixes and complete feeds and litter materials.
- components (i) and/or (ii) and/or (iii) and/or (iv) are used in the form of a premix, preferably in the form of a premixed composition, in each case component (i) or (ii) or (iii) or (iv) alone, preferably at least two of the components (i) and/or (ii) and/or (iii) and/or (iv, particularly preferably the components (i) and (ii) administered, preferably by be admixed to the single feeds, premixes and complete feeds and litter materials.
- components (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) can each be administered alone.
- Components (i), (ii), (iii) are particularly preferred ) and/or (iv) but administered together /or be administered firmly.
- composition does not contain corn cob meal.
- Example 1 Some typical compositions of an animal feed additive mixture are listed below as examples of the composition according to the invention, the details being given in percentages by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
- Example 1 Some typical compositions of an animal feed additive mixture are listed below as examples of the composition according to the invention, the details being given in percentages by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
- Example 1 Some typical compositions of an animal feed additive mixture are listed below as examples of the composition according to the invention, the details being given in percentages by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
- Example 13 Example 14:
- This pig feed was free of antibiotics and formaldehyde.
- Components included grains, soy, grain by-products, meat and bone meal, vitamins and minerals.
- strain VNUA/HY-ASF1/Vietnam/2019 was used to inoculate feed.
- the virus isolate was taken from the collection of the Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA). It belongs to the p72 genotype II, which is 100% identical to the highly pathogenic ASFV strain isolated in China (2018) and Georgia (2007).
- the vaccination density of ASFV was 10 8 HAD50/ml.
- Porcine macrophages (either BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophages or PAM, porcine alveolar macrophages) were obtained from pigs using RPMI medium one day before the experiment.
- the BMDM/PAM cells were collected, washed and cultured in 96-well plates at 100 ⁇ l cells/well.
- the freedom of the pig feed, components and reagents from ASFV was ensured by rtPCR. In each case 100 g of pig feed were aliquoted. The samples were then treated with the components of the invention.
- ASFV VNUA/HY-ASF1/Vietnam/2019
- VNUA/HY-ASF1/Vietnam/2019 solution 10 8 HADso/ml
- the formulations were used, each related to 5400 g / ton application in the feed.
- the components used were extracts from female inflorescences of the genus Humulus, in particular total soft resins and hop husks, (ii) extracts of glycyrrhiza (iii) E551 and (iv) citric acid and the calcium salts of formic and lactic acid in a ratio of 15:70:13.
- all components were listed in the European feed legislation, as of 2021.
- the haemadsorption assay showed that component B significantly reduced the activity of ASFV in the feed from day 1 to 7 ( Figures 3 and 4).
- AF African Swine Fever Virus
- the reduction in the concentration of viruses and/or the African swine fever virus (ASFV) here means in particular the reduction in the concentration of one virus or several viruses selected from the group consisting of porcine epidenic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Seneca Valley A Virus (SVA) and ASFV understood, preferably African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) understood.
- PEDV porcine epidenic diarrhea virus
- PRRSV porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Virus
- SVA Seneca Valley A Virus
- ASFV understood, preferably African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) understood.
- AF1 Use of an alpha acid extract or synthetic alpha acid from hops and their isomerized iso-alpha acids (the alpha acids and their isomers include humulone, cohumulone and adhumulone and isohumulone, isocohumulone and isoadhumulone), as free as possible of beta acids and hop oils for (i) reducing the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivating viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- AF2 Use of a beta acid extract or synthetic beta acid (preferably free from alpha acids and hop oils) of hops to (i) reduce the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material, or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
- the ß-acids include lupulone, colupulone and adlupulone.
- AF3 Use of a hop aroma extract (if possible free of hop acids) to (i) reduce the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material, or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or des African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
- a hop aroma extract if possible free of hop acids
- AF4 Use of other extracts of hops to (i) reduce the concentration of viruses and/or reduce the concentration of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- AF6 Use of hop cone powder to (i) reduce levels of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- AF7 Use of a combination of AF 1-6 to (i) reduce levels of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- AF9 Use of licorice powder to (i) reduce levels of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
- AF10 Use of a combination of AF 8 and 9 to (i) reduce levels of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate virus and/or African swine fever virus Virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- AF11 Using a combination of one of the AF 1-7 and one of the AF 8-10 for
- AF12 Use of one or more extracts and/or components of at least one plant selected from group (iii) consisting of grape marc, grape seed extract, grape seed, acacia exudate, Quillaya saponaria, soap bark extract, grapevine extract, roselle, Sapindus sapinoria, kieselguhr, E551 (a-c) and 1,2-propanediol, for (i) reducing the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material, or (ii) inactivating viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV ) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
- group (iii) consisting of grape marc, grape seed extract, grape seed, acacia exudate, Quillaya saponaria, soap bark extract, grapevine extract, roselle, Sapindus sapinoria, kieselguhr, E551 (a-c) and 1,2-propanediol, for (i)
- AF13 Use of one or more of the following acids and their salts: (iv) formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and/or citric acid; and/or their ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and/or magnesium salts, for (i) reducing the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material, or (ii) Inactivation of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- AF14 Use of a combination of any of the AF 1 -7 and/or any of the AF 8-13 and/or the AF 12 for (i) reducing the levels of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed, and organic bedding material, or (ii) inactivation of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- AF15 Use of a combination of AF14 to (i) reduce levels of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate virus and/or African swine fever virus ( ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- AF16 Use of a combination of any of AF 1-7 and/or any of AF 8-10 and/or AF12-13 and/or any of AF 14-15 to (i) reduce the concentration of viruses and/or des African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivating virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
- ASFV African swine fever virus
- AF17 The use according to AF 1-16, characterized in that the animal feed
- Pig feed is preferably hog feed for wild boar, boar, warthog, bush hog and/or river hog.
- AF18 The use according to AF 1-16, characterized in that the animal feed
- green fodder molasses fodder, roughage, straw, coarse fodder, juice fodder or concentrated fodder and organic bedding material consists of straw, straw pellets, etc.
- AF19 The use according to one or more of the preceding AF, characterized in that the animal feed is administered in liquid and/or solid form.
- AF20 The use according to one or more of the preceding AF, characterized in that the application of the combination or composition
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Abstract
Description
Zusammensetzung zur Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (African Swine Fever Virus, ASFV) in Tierfutter und Einstreumaterial für Ställe Composition for reducing the concentration of viruses and African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in animal feed and bedding for stables
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung umfassend Blütenstände und/oder ein oder mehrere Extrakte weiblicher Blütenstände der Gattung Humulus und/oder ein oder mehrere Extrakte von Glycyrrhiza und/oder ein oder mehrere Pflanzenteile von Glycyrrhiza zur Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und insbesondere des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (African Swine Fever Virus, ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie in Einstreumaterial ("Einstreu") für Ställe (wie z.B. Stroh und/oder Strohpellets). Die Zusammensetzung kann dabei zusätzlich weitere Komponenten aufweisen, insbesondere eine oder mehrere Säuren wie Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, Milchsäure, Propionsäure, Buttersäure, Fumarsäure, Äpfelsäure, Weinsäure und/oder Citronensäure und/oder deren Ammonium-, Natrium-, Kalium-, Calcium- und/oder Magnesiumsalze und/oder ein oder mehrere Komponenten ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Traubentrester, Traubenkernextrakt, Traubenkerne, Akazienexsudat, Quillaya saponaria, Kieselgur, Seifenrindeextrakt, Weinrebenextrakt, 1 ,2-Propandiol, Roselle, Sapindus sapinoria, Trägerstoff E551 und Fließhilfsmittel und insbesondere eine beliebige Kombination der vorstehenden Komponenten enthalten. The present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising inflorescences and/or one or more extracts of female inflorescences of the genus Humulus and/or one or more extracts of glycyrrhiza and/or one or more plant parts of glycyrrhiza for reducing the concentration of viruses and in particular the African one African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in animal feed and in bedding material ("litter") for stables (such as straw and/or straw pellets). The composition can also have other components, in particular one or more acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and/or citric acid and/or their ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and /or magnesium salts and/or one or more components selected from the group consisting of grape pomace, grape seed extract, grape seeds, acacia exudate, Quillaya saponaria, diatomaceous earth, soap bark extract, grapevine extract, 1,2-propanediol, roselle, Sapindus sapinoria, carrier E551 and flow aids and in particular contain any combination of the above components.
Viren sind nach Büttner (in Rolle/Mayer, 2006: Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektions- und Seuchenlehre; 8. Auflage, MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart) bei allen Arten von Lebewesen als obligat zellgebundene Mikroorganismen und Krankheitserreger zu finden. Gift heißt im lateinischen Virus. Laut Büttner (2006) sind Viren nur in lebenden Zellen vermehrungsfähig. Bekannte Viren in der Schweineproduktion sind u.a. Porcine Epidenic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Seneca Valley A Virus (SVA) sowie ASFV. According to Büttner (in Rolle/Mayer, 2006: Medical microbiology, infection and epidemic teaching; 8th edition, MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart), viruses can be found in all types of living beings as obligate cell-bound microorganisms and pathogens. Poison means virus in Latin. According to Büttner (2006), viruses can only reproduce in living cells. Known viruses in pig production include Porcine Epidenic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Seneca Valley A Virus (SVA) and ASFV.
Der ASFV gilt als der Erreger, welcher die afrikanische Schweinepest auslöst. Durch Reduzierung des ASFV in Tierfutter oder Einstreumaterial kann somit ein Faktor ausgeschlossen und/oder reduziert werden, der als Vektor für die Ausbreitung der afrikanischen Schweinepest (African Swine Fever, ASF) gilt. Die vorgestellte Erfindung leistet somit einen Beitrag zur Eindämmung des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus und verbessert so die Biosicherheit in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion. Der Ausbruch der ASF hat erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die weltweite Eiweißversorgung mit einem negativen Einfluss auf die Schweinefleischproduktion und dessen Verbrauch (Woonwong et al., 2020: The future of the pig industry after the introduction of African Swine Fever into Asia; Animal Frontiere; Vol.10, No.4). ASFV is considered to be the pathogen that causes African swine fever. Thus, reducing ASFV in animal feed or bedding material can eliminate and/or reduce a factor believed to be a vector for the spread of African Swine Fever (ASF). The invention presented thus contributes to containing the African swine fever virus and thus improves biosecurity in agricultural production. The outbreak of ASF is having a significant impact on global protein supply with a negative impact on pork production and consumption (Woonwong et al., 2020: The future of the pig industry after the introduction of African Swine Fever into Asia; Animal Frontiere; Vol. 10, No. 4).
Laut FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations) ist die Afrikanische Schweinepest eine hochgradig ansteckende, generalisierte Erkrankung von Schweinen, die durch ein Iridovirus der Familie der Asfarviridae verursacht wird. According to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), African swine fever is a highly contagious, generalized disease of pigs caused by an iridovirus of the Asfarviridae family.
Diese Viren weisen je nach Stamm eine unterschiedliche Virulenz auf. Sie zeichnen sich auch durch eine sehr hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen physikalische und/oder chemische Inaktivierung aus. Der Erreger kann über lange Zeit in Blut, Kot und Gewebe lebensfähig bleiben. Er kann sich auch mittels anderer Vektoren (u.a. Einstreumaterialien und leeren Transportfahrzeugen von Lebendviehtransporten, die aus den betroffenen Gebieten zurückkehren) verbreiten. Daher hängt die Bekämpfung der ASF von der Ausrottungspolitik und der strengen Durchsetzung der Hygienepläne ab. These viruses have different virulence depending on the strain. They are also distinguished by a very high resistance to physical and/or chemical inactivation. The pathogen can remain viable in blood, faeces and tissues for a long time. It can also spread through other vectors (including bedding materials and empty livestock transport vehicles returning from affected areas). Therefore, control of ASF depends on eradication policies and strict enforcement of sanitation plans.
ASF tritt am häufigsten in der akuten Form als hämorrhagisches Fieber auf. Der ASF-Virus selber ist ein doppelsträngiges DNA-Arbovirus. Zugleich gilt er als einziges Mitglied der Familie der Asfarviridae. ASF most commonly occurs in the acute form as hemorrhagic fever. The ASF virus itself is a double-stranded DNA arbovirus. At the same time, it is the only member of the Asfarviridae family.
Subakute und chronische Formen der Krankheit sind beschrieben. Die Mortalität liegt meistens bei nahezu 100%. Schweine jeden Alters sind betroffen. Subacute and chronic forms of the disease are described. Mortality is usually close to 100%. Pigs of all ages are affected.
Schweine gehören zu den Paarhufern und hier zur Unterordnung der Schweineartigen (Suina). Folgende Gattungen werden dazu gezählt: Sus (Wildschweine), Babyrousa (Hirscheber), Phacochoerus (Warzenschweine) sowie Potamochoerus (Buschschweine und Flussschweine) [vgl. auch Systematische Zoologie, Volker Storch, Ulrich Welsch; Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 21.10.2003 - S. 854], Pigs belong to the even-toed ungulates and here to the suborder of the pig-like (Suina). The following genera are included: Sus (wild boar), Babyrousa (babies), Phacochoerus (warthogs) and Potamochoerus (bush pigs and river hogs) [cf. also Systematic Zoology, Volker Storch, Ulrich Welsch; Spectrum Academic Publishing House, October 21, 2003 - p. 854],
Vorbeugend verweist die FAO darauf, dass landwirtschaftliche Betriebe in betroffenen Regionen Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der biologischen Sicherheit verschärfen müssen, einschließlich der Kontrolle der Futtermittel. As a precautionary measure, the FAO points out that farms in affected regions must tighten up measures to increase biological security, including feed controls.
Die EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) weist in einer aktuellen Untersuchung (vgl. Ability of different matrices to transmit African swine fever virus; EFSA Journal 2021 ;19(4):6558) daraufhin, dass es unterschiedliche Faktoren gibt, die die Übertragung von afrikanischer Schweinepest bedingen. Dies können Rohstoffe zur Futtermittelproduktion, aber auch Futtermittel selbst sein. Auch Niederwerder et al. (vgl. Niederwerder et al., 2020: Mitigating the risk of African swine fever virus in feed with anti-viral chemical additives, Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 ;68: 477 - 486) verweisen auf die Rolle der Futtermittel in der Übertragung des ASFV und damit der ASF. In a recent study (cf. Ability of different matrices to transmit African swine fever virus; EFSA Journal 2021 ;19(4):6558), the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) points out that there are different factors that can prevent the transmission of more african cause swine fever. These can be raw materials for animal feed production, but also animal feed itself. Niederwerder et al. (cf. Niederwerder et al., 2020: Mitigating the risk of African swine fever virus in feed with anti-viral chemical additives, Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 ;68: 477 - 486) refer to the role of feed in the transmission of ASFV and thus the ASF.
Futter ist die Grundlage der Tierhaltung - das gilt für die landwirtschaftliche Nutztierhaltung und die nachgelagerte Ernährungsindustrie gleichsam, ebenso für die Haltung von Heim- und Hobbytieren (Eckdaten der Futtermittelbranche - Deutscher Verband Tiernahrung e.V. (dvtiernahrung.de)) Feed is the basis of animal husbandry - this applies equally to agricultural livestock farming and the downstream food industry, as well as to the keeping of pets and hobby animals (key data of the feed industry - Deutscher Verband Tiernahrung e.V. (dvtiernahrung.de))
Erfindungsgemäß kann (Tier-)Futter aufgefasst werden als Einzelfuttermittel, Kombination von Einzelfuttermitteln, Vormischungen daraus und/oder anderen Wirkstoffen und Alleinfuttermittel(n). According to the invention, (animal) feed can be understood as a single feed, a combination of single feeds, premixes thereof and/or other active ingredients and complete feed(s).
Wie bereits oben beschrieben, ist Einstreumaterial auch ein Vektor zur Übertragung von Viren und im speziellen auch ASF. Erfindungsgemäß kann Einstreumaterial aufgefasst werden als Stroh, Strohpellets oder andere organische, staubarme Materialien (siehe: Richtlinie für die artgerechte Schweinehaltung: hier NEULAND-Richtlinien für artgerechte Schweinehaltung; Stand April 2018). Da Einstreumaterialien ähnlich wie Futtermittel produziert werden, beziehungsweise bei deren Produktion als Nebenprodukt anfallen, muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass Einstreumaterialien eine ähnliche Rolle bei der Übertragung der ASF zuzuschreiben ist. Dies gilt insbesondere, da diese unter gleichen Bedingungen gelagert werden und intensiv mit dem Tier in Berührung kommen. Erfindungsgemäß wird das Einstreumaterial vor dem Einstreuen entsprechend den Dosierungen für Futter behandelt. As already described above, bedding material is also a vector for the transmission of viruses and in particular ASF. According to the invention, bedding material can be understood as straw, straw pellets or other organic, low-dust materials (see: Guidelines for species-appropriate pig husbandry: here NEULAND guidelines for species-appropriate pig husbandry; as of April 2018). Since bedding materials are produced in a similar way to animal feed, or are a by-product of their production, it must be assumed that bedding materials play a similar role in the transmission of ASF. This applies in particular since these are stored under the same conditions and come into intensive contact with the animal. According to the invention, the litter material is treated according to the dosages for feed before being littered.
(Tier-)Futter im Sinne der Erfindung lässt sich wie folgt definieren: (Animal) feed within the meaning of the invention can be defined as follows:
Tabelle 1 : Erfindungsgemäße Definition von (Ti er-) Futtermittel Table 1: Definition of (animal) feed according to the invention
In WO2022/112365A1 wird eine Methode beschrieben, die Haltezeit zu verkürzen, die erforderlich ist, um den Virusabbau im Futter zu gewährleisten. In Futtermitteln kann die viruzide Wirkung von Benzoesäure durch ätherische Öle verstärkt werden. Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur zumindest teilweisen Inaktivierung von ASFV in Schweinefutter, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Benzoesäure zusammen mit mindestens einem ätherischen Öl dem Schweinefutter zugesetzt wird. Die bevorzugten ätherischen Öle sind Thymol und Eugenol. In der WO 2020/149892 A1 wird eine Methode beschrieben, wie man mit Hilfe des dort beschrieben Futterzusatzes auf Basis von Formaldehyd und Propionsäure ASF in Zellkulturtest und Futter abschwächen kann. WO2022/112365A1 describes a method for shortening the retention time required to ensure virus degradation in the feed. The virucidal effect of benzoic acid in animal feed can be enhanced by essential oils. One embodiment of the invention relates to a method for at least partially inactivating ASFV in pig feed, characterized in that benzoic acid is added to the pig feed together with at least one essential oil. The preferred essential oils are thymol and eugenol. WO 2020/149892 A1 describes a method of using the feed additive based on formaldehyde and propionic acid described there to reduce ASF in cell culture tests and feed.
In einer weiteren Veröffentlichung (WO 2020/180877 A1) wird eine Methode dargestellt, wie das Risiko einer Infektion mit Porcine Epidenic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) sowie dem Seneca Valley A Virus (SVA) reduziert werden kann. Another publication (WO 2020/180877 A1) describes a method of reducing the risk of infection with Porcine Epidenic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and Seneca Valley A Virus (SVA). can.
Einige Futtermittelzusätze wurden ebenfalls in der Arbeit von Trudeau et al., 2016, gegen PEDV untersucht und ihre Wirksamkeit zur Verringerung der infektiösen Viruskonzentration. Some feed additives were also investigated in the work of Trudeau et al., 2016 against PEDV and their effectiveness in reducing infectious virus concentration.
Trudeau et al., 2016 (Trudeau et al., 2016; Comparison of Thermal and Non-Thermal Processing for Swine Feed and the Use of Selected Feed additives on Inactivation of PEDV, Published: June 24, 2016) beschreiben auch, dass zukünftige Untersuchungen erforderlich sind, um die Prävalenz und Maximaltiter von PEDV in kommerziellen Schweinefuttermitteln zu bestimmen, um die Behandlungsparameter (Zeit und T emperatur der thermischen Behandlung und Dosis der eBeam-Behandlung (Applications of ionizing radiation technology (ebeam)) und gewählter Futtermittelzusatz) zu bestimmen, die für die Inaktivierung von PEDV am wirksamsten sind. WO 2020/180877 A1 und Trudeau et al., 2016 ziehen allerdings keinen Bezug zu ASFV. Trudeau et al., 2016 (Trudeau et al., 2016; Comparison of Thermal and Non-Thermal Processing for Swine Feed and the Use of Selected Feed additives on Inactivation of PEDV, Published: June 24, 2016) also describe that future research are required to determine the prevalence and maximum titers of PEDV in commercial pig feedstuffs, to determine the treatment parameters (time and temperature of thermal treatment and dose of eBeam treatment (Applications of ionizing radiation technology (ebeam)) and feed additive chosen), most effective for inactivating PEDV. However, WO 2020/180877 A1 and Trudeau et al., 2016 make no reference to ASFV.
Das Patent EP 3054783 B1 beschreibt eine Zusammensetzung von mittelkettigen Fettsäuren und eine Futterergänzung mit dieser Zusammensetzung. Es wird offenbart, dass die Erfindung zur Verbesserung der Darmgesundheit und der Immunität von Tieren sowie zur Eliminierung von schädlichen Krankheitserregern dient. In einer Ausführungsform enthält die Zusammensetzung, wie sie dort beschrieben ist, zusätzliche Rohmaterialien (Zusatzstoffe) und/oder wachstumsfördernde Substanzen. Die Zusatzstoffe sind in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ausgewählt aus der Gruppe u.a. bestehend aus Aromen, Pflanzenextrakten und Carbonsäuren. In den Ansprüchen 5 und 6 wird offenbart, dass die Formulierung auch gegen Viren wirkt, speziell Noroviren und den Rotavirus. In den Ansprüchen werden die Aromen, Pflanzenextrakte und Carbonsäuren jedoch nicht weiter erwähnt. Patent EP 3054783 B1 describes a composition of medium-chain fatty acids and a feed supplement containing this composition. The invention is disclosed to improve gut health and immunity in animals and eliminate harmful pathogens. In one embodiment, the composition as described there contains additional raw materials (additives) and/or growth-promoting substances. In a preferred embodiment, the additives are selected from the group consisting of flavors, plant extracts and carboxylic acids, among others. Claims 5 and 6 disclose that the formulation is also effective against viruses, specifically norovirus and rotavirus. However, the flavors, plant extracts and carboxylic acids are not further mentioned in the claims.
Die Veröffentlichung CN110279033A betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Futtermittelzusatzstoffes aus Hopfenextrakt. Der Humulus lupulus-Extrakt-Zusatz wird aus den folgenden Komponenten in Gewichtsteilen hergestellt: 20-50 Teile Humulus lupulus- Extrakt, 20-30 Teile Süßholzpulver und 20-60 Teile Maiskolbenmehl. Außerdem wird offenbart, dass deren Formulierung den Gesundheitszustand und die Immunität des Organismus verbessern, sowie die Futterverwertung reduzieren. Des Weiteren wird auf die Bedeutung der Erfindung zur Antibiotikareduzierung verwiesen. The publication CN110279033A relates to a method for producing a feed additive from hop extract. The Humulus lupulus extract supplement is made up of the following components, in parts by weight: 20-50 parts Humulus lupulus extract, 20-30 parts licorice powder, and 20-60 parts corn cob meal. In addition, it is revealed that their formulation improves the state of health and immunity of the organism, as well as reduces feed conversion. Furthermore, reference is made to the importance of the invention for reducing antibiotics.
Die Veröffentlichung US2021/298311A1 beschreibt eine Zusammensetzung zur Inaktivierung von Schweineviren und entsprechende Verfahren im Futter. Ätherische Öle im Sinne der Patentansprüche entstammen den Ölen von Oregano, Capsicum, Rosemarin, Zimt, Thymian, Zitronengras, Bergamotte und Kurkuma. Diese Erfindung schließt explizit Substanzen aus der Gruppe der Fettsäuren, Formaldehyde und organischen Säuren in der Kombination aus. The publication US2021/298311A1 describes a composition for inactivating swine viruses and corresponding methods in feed. Essential oils within the meaning of the patent claims come from the oils of oregano, capsicum, rosemary, cinnamon, thyme, lemongrass, bergamot and turmeric. This invention explicitly excludes substances from the group of fatty acids, formaldehyde and organic acids in combination.
Die Veröffentlichung CN110664914A beschreibt ein Verfahren, basierend insbesondere auf Fermentation entsprechend Chinesischer Medizin, um den ASFV zu reduzieren. Explizit werden die zu fermentierenden Pflanzen (Substrat), sowie die Mikroorganismen (Hefe, Milchsäurebakterien sowie Bacillus subtilis) beschrieben, die prozessrelevant sind. Aufgrund der Fermentation und dem beschriebenen Vorgehen und Fokus auf Fermentation ist jedoch davon auszugehen, dass die beschriebene Wirkung aufgrund der Fermentation des Substrats selbst beruht. The publication CN110664914A describes a method based in particular on fermentation according to Chinese medicine to reduce ASFV. The plants to be fermented (substrate) and the microorganisms (yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis) that are relevant to the process are described explicitly. Due to the fermentation and the described procedure and focus on fermentation, however, it can be assumed that the described effect is based on the fermentation of the substrate itself.
In CN110651903A wird eine Methode beschrieben, ein Schweinefutter basierend auf Wermut, zur Reduzierung des ASFV. Hierbei werden explizit neben Kräutern, Vitaminen, Enzymen Säuren nur zur Ansäuerung eingesetzt. In CN110651903A a method is described, a pig feed based on wormwood, to reduce ASFV. In addition to herbs, vitamins and enzymes, acids are explicitly used only for acidification.
CN111213786A und CN109497107A beschreiben Methoden durch Trinkwasserapplikation sowie eine Methode zur Desinfektion von luftübertragbaren Krankheiten wie ASF. Beide Verfahren sind demnach auf Futter und Einstreumaterialien nicht anwendbar. CN111213786A and CN109497107A describe methods through drinking water application and a method for disinfecting airborne diseases such as ASF. Both methods are therefore not applicable to fodder and bedding materials.
Über eine Inaktivierung von ASF-Viren in Einstreumaterial für Ställe ist bisher wenig bekannt. Little is known about the inactivation of ASF viruses in bedding material for stables.
Die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Zusammensetzungen sind nicht in jeder Hinsicht zufriedenstellend. The compositions known from the prior art are not satisfactory in every respect.
Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, Zusammensetzungen bzw. Kombinationen zur Verfügung zu stellen, die eine Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren, insbesondere des ASFV in Tierfutter, bevorzugt im Futter für Schweine bewirkt. One object of the present invention is therefore to provide compositions or combinations which bring about a reduction in the concentration of viruses, in particular ASFV, in animal feed, preferably in feed for pigs.
Die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe wurde durch den Gegenstand der Patentansprüche gelöst. Des Weiteren hilft die vorliegende Erfindung auch die Virenlast in Einstreumaterial insbesondere basierend auf Stroh, Strohpellets oder anderen organischen, staubarmen Materialien nachhaltig zu reduzieren. The above object has been achieved by the subject matter of the patent claims. Furthermore, the present invention also helps to sustainably reduce the viral load in bedding material, in particular based on straw, straw pellets or other organic, low-dust materials.
Die Erfinder konnten zeigen, dass die Menge von Viren, insbesondere ASFV, in Tierfutter signifikant reduziert wurde, insbesondere durch erfindungsgemäße Verwendung. The inventors were able to show that the amount of viruses, in particular ASFV, in animal feed was significantly reduced, in particular by use according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt die Bestimmung der ASFV-Kinetik nach Virusinokulation des Futtersmittels rtPCR (Ct Werte > 40 negativ; < 40 positiv). FIG. 1 shows the determination of the ASFV kinetics after virus inoculation of the feed rtPCR (Ct values >40 negative; <40 positive).
Figur 2 zeigt die Bestimmung der ASFV-Kinetik nach Virusinokulation mittels rtPCR (Ct Werte > 40 negativ; < 40 positiv). FIG. 2 shows the determination of the ASFV kinetics after virus inoculation by means of rtPCR (Ct values >40 negative; <40 positive).
Figur 3 zeigt die Bestimmung der ASFV-Kinetik nach der Virusinokulation mittels HAD50. FIG. 3 shows the determination of the ASFV kinetics after virus inoculation using HAD50.
Figur 4 zeigt die Bestimmung der ASFV-Kinetik nach der Virusinokulation mittels HAD50. FIG. 4 shows the determination of the ASFV kinetics after virus inoculation using HAD50.
Figur 5 zeigt, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Substanzen entweder additiv oder multiplikativ eine verstärkte Wirkung erreichen. FIG. 5 shows that the substances according to the invention achieve an increased effect either additively or multiplicatively.
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung umfassend The invention relates comprehensively to the use of a composition
(i) Blütenstände und/oder ein oder mehrere Extrakte weiblicher Blütenstände der Gattung Humulus und/oder (i) inflorescences and/or one or more extracts of female inflorescences of the genus Humulus and/or
(ii) ein oder mehrere Extrakte von Glycyrrhiza und/oder ein oder mehrere Pflanzenteile von Glycyrrhiza, vorzugsweise von Wurzeln, Wurzelausläufern und/oder Wurzelstock, zur Reduzierung von Viren (bzw. deren Konzentration) in Einstreumaterialien, und/oder von Viren (bzw. deren Konzentration) in Futter, vorzugsweise Tierfutter, vorzugsweise des ASF-Virus (bzw. dessen Konzentration) in Einstreumaterialien, und/oder des ASF-Virus (bzw. dessen Konzentration) in Futter, vorzugsweise Tierfutter. Dabei beziehen sich im Sinne der Erfindung „Extrakte weiblicher Blütenstände der Gattung Humulus“ insbesondere auf die Gesamtweichharze des Hopfens, isomerisiert oder nicht. Dazu gehören u.a. Alphasäureextrakte des Hopfens sowie deren isomerisierte Iso-alpha-Säuren (zu den Alphasäuren und deren Isomeren gehören u.a. Humulon, Cohumulon sowie Adhumolon und Isohumulon, Isocohumulon sowie Isoadhumulon), möglichst frei von Betasäuren und Hopfenölen. Außerdem zählen zu den Hopfenextrakten Betasäureextrakte (möglichst frei von Alphasäuren und Hopfenölen) des Hopfens sowie deren isomerisierten Iso-beta-Säuren. Zu den ß-Säuren gehören u.a. Lupulon, Colupulon und Adlupulon. (ii) one or more extracts of glycyrrhiza and/or one or more plant parts of glycyrrhiza, preferably from roots, root suckers and/or rootstock, to reduce viruses (or their concentration) in litter materials, and/or viruses (or their concentration) in feed, preferably animal feed, preferably the ASF virus (or its concentration) in bedding materials, and/or the ASF virus (or its concentration) in feed, preferably animal feed. Within the meaning of the invention, “extracts of female inflorescences of the genus Humulus” refer in particular to the total soft resins of the hops, isomerized or not. These include alpha acid extracts from hops and their isomerized iso-alpha acids (alpha acids and their isomers include humulone, cohumulone and adhumulone and isohumulone, isocohumulone and isoadhumulone), as free as possible of beta acids and hop oils. Hop extracts also include beta acid extracts (if possible free from alpha acids and hop oils) of hops and their isomerized iso-beta acids. The ß-acids include lupulone, colupulone and adlupulone.
Des Weiteren umfassen synthetische Alpha- und Betasäuren bzw. deren isomerisierte Formen sowie Hopfendoldenpellets, Hopfendoldenpulver sowie der Extraktionstreber des Hopfens vorzugsweise die erfindungsgemäße Komponente (i). Furthermore, synthetic alpha and beta acids or their isomerized forms as well as hop cone pellets, hop cone powder and the extraction grains of the hop preferably comprise component (i) according to the invention.
Ferner bezieht sich im Sinne der Erfindung „Extrakte von Glycyrrhiza“ insbesondere auf die Verwendung von trockenem, wasserlöslichen und/oder flüssigem Süßholzextrakt und/oder Süßholzpulver. Furthermore, within the meaning of the invention, “extracts of glycyrrhiza” refers in particular to the use of dry, water-soluble and/or liquid liquorice extract and/or liquorice powder.
Vorzugsweise Preferably
- beträgt die Gesamtmenge der (i) Blütenstände und/oder Extrakte weiblicher Blütenstände der Gattung Humulus und/oder (ii) Extrakte von Glycyrrhiza und/oder Pflanzenteile von Glycyrrhiza mindestens 20 Gew.-% der Zusammensetzung, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung; und/oder - the total amount of (i) inflorescences and/or extracts of female inflorescences of the genus Humulus and/or (ii) extracts of glycyrrhiza and/or plant parts of glycyrrhiza is at least 20% by weight of the composition, based on the total weight of the composition; and or
- ist das Verhältnis, vorzugsweise das Gewichtsverhältnis, der (i) Blütenstände und/oder Extrakte weiblicher Blütenstände der Gattung Humulus und/oder (ii) Extrakten von Glycyrrhiza und/oder Pflanzenteilen von Glycyrrhiza zwischen 0,5 und 3,5, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,6 und 3,3 und ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,7 und 3,0; und/oder - the ratio, preferably the weight ratio, of (i) inflorescences and/or extracts of female inflorescences of the genus Humulus and/or (ii) extracts of glycyrrhiza and/or plant parts of glycyrrhiza is between 0.5 and 3.5, more preferably between 0.6 and 3.3 and most preferably between 0.7 and 3.0; and or
- ist die Dosierung im Futter oder der organischen Einstreu, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Trockensubstanz des Futters, 0,01 Gew-% bis 0,15 Gew-% und bevorzugt 0,03 Gew- % bis 0,12 Gew-%, und besonders bevorzugt 0,04 Gew-% bis 0,10 Gew-%; und/oder - the dosage in the fodder or organic litter, based on the total amount of dry matter of the fodder, is 0.01% to 0.15% by weight and preferably 0.03% to 0.12% by weight, and more preferably 0.04% to 0.10% by weight; and or
- enthält die Zusammensetzung zusätzlich - contains the composition additionally
- (iii) ein oder mehrere Komponenten unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Traubentrester, Traubenkernextrakt, Traubenkerne, Akazienexsudat, Quillaya saponaria, Seifenrindeextrakt, Weinrebenextrakt, Roselle, Sapindus sapinoria, Kieselgur, E551 (a-c) und 1 ,2-Propandiol, und/oder, (iv) ein oder mehrere Komponenten ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, Milchsäure, Propionsäure, Buttersäure, Fumarsäure, Äpfelsäure, Weinsäure und Citronensäure, wobei die Säuren teilweise oder vollständig in Form von deren Ammonium-, Natrium-, Kalium-, Calcium- und/oder Magnesiumsalzen vorliegen können; - (iii) one or more components independently selected from the group consisting of grape pomace, grape seed extract, grape seeds, acacia exudate, Quillaya saponaria, soap bark extract, grapevine extract, roselle, Sapindus sapinoria, diatomaceous earth, E551 (ac) and 1,2-propanediol, and /or, (iv) one or more components selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid, the acids being partially or fully present in the form of their ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and/or magnesium salts may be present;
- und/oder Kombinationen aus (iii) und (iv) davon; jeweils unabhängig voneinander, entweder einzeln oder in Kombination, vorzugsweise in einer Menge von mindestens 1 Gew.-%, mindestens 5 Gew.-%, mindestens 10 Gew.-%, mindestens 20 Gew.-%, mindestens 30 Gew.-%, mindestens 40 Gew.-% oder mindestens 50 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung; und/oder - and/or combinations of (iii) and (iv) thereof; each independently, either individually or in combination, preferably in an amount of at least 1% by weight, at least 5% by weight, at least 10% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 40% by weight or at least 50% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition; and or
- erfolgt die Gesamtdosierung der Zusammensetzung aus (i), (ii), (iii) und/oder (iv) zwischen 0,1 Gew.-% bis 1 ,5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,3 Gew.-% bis 1,0 % Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt 0,4 Gew.-% bis 0,8 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Trockensubstanz des Futters oder der organischen Einstreu; und/oder - The total dosage of the composition from (i), (ii), (iii) and/or (iv) is between 0.1% by weight to 1.5% by weight, preferably 0.3% by weight to 1.0% by weight and more preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the dry matter of the feed or organic litter; and or
- enthält die Zusammensetzung zwischen 1 ,5 Gew.-% und 12 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 2 Gew.-% und 11 Gew.-% oder zwischen 3 Gew.-% und 10 Gew.-%, der Komponenten (i) und (ii), bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung. - the composition contains between 1.5% by weight and 12% by weight, preferably between 2% by weight and 11% by weight or between 3% by weight and 10% by weight, of the components (i ) and (ii) based on the total weight of the composition.
Im Sinne der Erfindung können die Begriffe "Einstreumaterial" und "Einstreu" synonym verwendet werden. For the purposes of the invention, the terms “litter material” and “litter” can be used synonymously.
Die Erfindung betrifft in einem weiteren Aspekt eine entsprechende Zusammensetzung als solche. In a further aspect, the invention relates to a corresponding composition as such.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Komponenten sind jeweils einzeln oder in Kombination miteinander einzusetzen. Dabei erreichen diese Substanzen entweder additiv oder multiplikativ eine verstärkte Wirkung (siehe auch Figur 5). Die Komponenten, insbesondere die Extrakte, können flüssig oder fest vorliegen und dabei jeweils entweder Reste des Extraktionsmittels enthalten oder nicht. Erfindungsgemäß können diese Extrakte entweder flüssig oder fest vorliegen sowie natürlich, naturidentisch oder synthetisch sein. The components according to the invention can each be used individually or in combination with one another. These substances achieve an increased effect either additively or multiplicatively (see also FIG. 5). The components, in particular the extracts, can be liquid or solid and either contain residues of the extraction agent or not. According to the invention, these extracts can be either liquid or solid and can be natural, nature-identical or synthetic.
Für flüssige Formulierungen der Erfindung wird als Träger bevorzugt 1,2-Propandiol (Propylenglycol) benutzt. Die Applikation in den Einzelfuttermitteln, Vormischungen und Alleinfuttermitteln erfolgt durch Einmischen ins Tierfutter und Einstreumaterialien bzw. durch das Sprühen der erfindungsgemäßen flüssigen Bestandteile während des Mischvorgangs in das Tierfutter und Einstreumaterialien bzw. durch eine Applikation nach dem Mischen und/oder Pelletieren und/oder Granulieren. Die erfindungsgemäße Applikation erfolgt bevorzugt bei einem erhöhten ASFV-Risiko und besonders bevorzugt kontinuierlich. For liquid formulations of the invention, 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol) is preferably used as the carrier. Application in the feed materials, premixes and complete feeds is carried out by mixing into the animal feed and litter materials or by spraying the liquid components according to the invention into the animal feed and litter materials during the mixing process or by application after mixing and/or pelleting and/or granulating. The administration according to the invention preferably takes place in the event of an increased risk of ASFV and particularly preferably continuously.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Komponenten (i) und/oder (ii) jeweils allein oder in Kombination einzeln und besonders bevorzugt in einem Kombinationspräparat mit Komponenten (iii) und/oder (iv) den Einzelfuttermitteln, Vormischungen und Alleinfuttermitteln und Einstreumaterialien verabreicht. In a preferred embodiment, components (i) and/or (ii) are administered individually or in combination, particularly preferably in a combination preparation with components (iii) and/or (iv), to the individual feeds, premixes and complete feeds and litter materials.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Komponenten (i) und/oder (ii) und/oder (iii) und/oder (iv) in Form einer Vormischung, vorzugsweise in Form einer vorgemischten Zusammensetzung jeweils Komponente (i) oder (ii) oder (iii) oder (iv) alleine, bevorzugt wenigstens zwei der Komponenten (i) und/oder (ii) und/oder (iii) und/oder (iv besonders vorzugsweise die Komponenten (i) und (ii) verabreicht, vorzugsweise indem sie den Einzelfuttermitteln, Vormischungen und Alleinfuttermitteln und Einstreumaterialien beigemischt werden. Erfindungsgemäß können die Komponenten (i), (ii), (iii) oder (iv) jeweils alleine verabreicht werden. Besonders bevorzugt werden die Komponenten (i), (ii), (iii) und/oder (iv)jedoch gemeinsam verabreicht. Die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung aus den Komponenten (i) und/oder (ii) und/oder (iii) und/oder (iv) kann jeweils einzeln und/oder mindestens einer Vormischung sowohl flüssig und/oder fest verabreicht werden. In another preferred embodiment, components (i) and/or (ii) and/or (iii) and/or (iv) are used in the form of a premix, preferably in the form of a premixed composition, in each case component (i) or (ii) or (iii) or (iv) alone, preferably at least two of the components (i) and/or (ii) and/or (iii) and/or (iv, particularly preferably the components (i) and (ii) administered, preferably by be admixed to the single feeds, premixes and complete feeds and litter materials. According to the invention, components (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) can each be administered alone. Components (i), (ii), (iii) are particularly preferred ) and/or (iv) but administered together /or be administered firmly.
Vorzugsweise enthält die Zusammensetzung kein Maiskolbenmehl. Preferably the composition does not contain corn cob meal.
Die nachfolgenden Beispiele dienen der Erläuterung der Erfindung, schränken aber den allgemeinen Erfindungsgedanken nicht ein. The following examples serve to explain the invention, but do not restrict the general idea of the invention.
Beispiele: Examples:
Als Beispiele für die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung sind nachfolgend exemplarisch einige typische Zusammensetzungen einer Tierfutterzusatzmischung aufgeführt, wobei die Angaben jeweils in Gewichtsprozent bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung erfolgen. Beispiel 1 : Some typical compositions of an animal feed additive mixture are listed below as examples of the composition according to the invention, the details being given in percentages by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Example 1 :
Beispiel 2: Example 2:
Beispiel 3: Example 3:
Beispiel 4: Example 4:
Beispiel 5: Example 5:
Beispiel 6: Example 6:
Beispiel 7: Example 7:
Beispiel 8: Example 8:
Beispiel 9: Example 9:
Beispiel 10: Example 10:
Beispiel 11 : Example 11 :
Beispiel 12: Example 12:
Beispiel 13: Beispiel 14: Example 13: Example 14:
Um die Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Kombination zu überprüfen, wurde ein kommerzielles, praxisübliches Schweinefutter beschafft (Umsetzbare Energie: > 3150 kcal/kg, Rohprotein> 17,5 %, Rohfaser < 5,5 %, Calcium 0,7 - 1 ,4 %; Phosphor total 0,5 - 1 ,0 %; gesamt Lysin > 1,0 %, Methionin + Cystein > 0,6 %, Trockensubstanz > 87 %). In order to check the properties of the combination used according to the invention, a commercial pig feed customary in practice was procured (convertible energy: >3150 kcal/kg, crude protein >17.5%, crude fiber <5.5%, calcium 0.7-1.4% ; total phosphorus 0.5 - 1.0%; total lysine > 1.0%, methionine + cysteine > 0.6%, dry substance > 87%).
Dieses Schweinefutter war frei von Antibiotika und Formaldehyd. Komponenten waren u.a. Getreide, Soja, Nebenprodukte von Getreide, Fleischknochenmehl, Vitamine und Mineralstoffe. This pig feed was free of antibiotics and formaldehyde. Components included grains, soy, grain by-products, meat and bone meal, vitamins and minerals.
Als ASFV wurde der Stamm VNUA/HY-ASF1/Vietnam/2019 zum Beimpfen des Futters benutzt. Das Virusisolat wurde der Sammlung des Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA) entnommen. Er gehört zum p72 genotype II, der zu 100% identisch ist mit dem hochpathogenen ASFV Stamm, der in China (2018) und Georgien (2007) isoliert wurde. Die Impfdichte des ASFV war 108 HAD50/ ml. As ASFV, strain VNUA/HY-ASF1/Vietnam/2019 was used to inoculate feed. The virus isolate was taken from the collection of the Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA). It belongs to the p72 genotype II, which is 100% identical to the highly pathogenic ASFV strain isolated in China (2018) and Georgia (2007). The vaccination density of ASFV was 10 8 HAD50/ml.
Zur Untersuchung der Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination auf das ASFV im Futter wurden zwei Methoden verwendet. Zum einen wurde ein rtPCR-(Echtzeit Polymerase Kettenreaktion)-Nachweis durchgeführt. Dazu wurde ein kommerzieller rtPCR-Test auf ASFV der Firma Median Diagnostics Inc. (http://www.mediandiagnostics.com) verwendet. Dieser Test weist die Präsenz der viralen DNA in der Probe nach. Zusätzlich wurde die Aktivität der enthaltenen Viren mittels Haemadsorptionstest nachgewiesen. Bei diesem Test werden aktive Viren durch Haemadsorptionsreaktion mit Schweineblut nachgewiesen. Dem Fachmann sind beide Methoden hinreichend bekannt, sie sind als Methoden zur ASFV- Analytik etabliert. Two methods were used to study the effect of the combination of the invention on ASFV in the feed. On the one hand, an rtPCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) detection was carried out. A commercial rtPCR test for ASFV from Median Diagnostics Inc. (http://www.mediandiagnostics.com) was used for this purpose. This test detects the presence of viral DNA in the sample. In addition, the activity of the contained viruses was verified using a haemadsorption test. In this test, active viruses are detected by haemadsorption reaction with pig blood. Both methods are sufficiently known to the person skilled in the art; they are established as methods for ASFV analysis.
Das Vorgehen für den rtPCR-Test erfolgte entsprechend der Herstellerangaben. The procedure for the rtPCR test was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Das Vorgehen für den Haemadsorptionstest war wie folgt: Porcine Makrophagen (entweder BMDM, Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages oder PAM, Porcine alveolare makrophagen) wurden einen Tag vor dem Experiment aus Schweinen mittels RPMI-Medium gewonnen. Die BMDM/PAM-Zellen wurden gesammelt, gewaschen und auf 96-Well-Platten mit 100pl Zelle/Well kultiviert. Die Freiheit des Schweinefutters, der Komponenten und der Reagenzien vom ASFV wurde mittels rtPCR sichergestellt. Jeweils 100 g Schweinefutter wurden aliquotiert. Die Proben wurden dann mit den erfindungsgemäßen Komponenten behandelt. Dann wurden zur Viruskontamination 1 ml ASFV (VNUA/HY-ASF1/Vietnam/2019)-Lösung (108 HADso/ml) zu jeder Probe zugefügt. Die Proben wurden zur Homogenisierung 10 Minuten lang geschüttelt. Alle Proben wurden bei Raumtemperatur (25 °C) inkubiert. Nach einer Inkubation von 1 , 3 und 7 Tagen wurde das Überleben des Virus bewertet. Hierbei wurden jeweils die folgenden Gruppen untersucht: The procedure for the haemadsorption test was as follows: Porcine macrophages (either BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophages or PAM, porcine alveolar macrophages) were obtained from pigs using RPMI medium one day before the experiment. The BMDM/PAM cells were collected, washed and cultured in 96-well plates at 100 µl cells/well. The freedom of the pig feed, components and reagents from ASFV was ensured by rtPCR. In each case 100 g of pig feed were aliquoted. The samples were then treated with the components of the invention. Then, 1 ml of ASFV (VNUA/HY-ASF1/Vietnam/2019) solution (10 8 HADso/ml) was added to each sample for virus contamination. Samples were shaken for 10 minutes to homogenize. All samples were incubated at room temperature (25°C). After an incubation of 1, 3 and 7 days, the survival of the virus was assessed. The following groups were examined in each case:
Futter und Virus (Positivkontrolle) Food and virus (positive control)
Futter und Virus und Komponente (i), (ii) und (iv) Food and virus and component (i), (ii) and (iv)
Futter und Virus und Komponente (iv) feed and virus and component (iv)
Futter und Virus und Komponenten (i), (ii), (iii) und (iv) Food and virus and components (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Futter (Negativkontrolle 1) Lining (Negative Control 1)
Futter und Komponenten (i), (ii), (iii) und (iv) (Negativkontrolle 2) Food and components (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (negative control 2)
Es wurden die Rezepturen (bzw. deren Komponenten) eingesetzt, jeweils bezogen auf 5400 g / to Applikation im Futter. Als Komponenten kamen Extrakte weiblicher Blütenstände der Gattung Humulus insbesondere Gesamtweichharze und Hopfenextraktionstreber, (ii) Extrakte von Glycyrrhiza (iii) E551 sowie (iv) Citronenensäure und die Calciumsalze der Ameisen- und Milchsäure im Verhältnis 15:70:13 zum Einsatz. Alle Komponenten waren, zur Zeit der Versuchsdurchführung, in der europäischen Futtermittelgesetzgebung gelistet, Stand 2021. The formulations (or their components) were used, each related to 5400 g / ton application in the feed. The components used were extracts from female inflorescences of the genus Humulus, in particular total soft resins and hop husks, (ii) extracts of glycyrrhiza (iii) E551 and (iv) citric acid and the calcium salts of formic and lactic acid in a ratio of 15:70:13. At the time the test was carried out, all components were listed in the European feed legislation, as of 2021.
Nach der Inkubationszeit wurden 50 ml RPMI-Medium in jeden Beutel gegeben. Nach dem Mischen wurde der Überstand aufgefangen. Der resultierende Überstand wurde durch einen 0,22-pm-Filter gefiltert, um Verunreinigungen und Bakterien zu entfernen. Die Proben wurden 10-fach in RPMI-Medium verdünnt. In jede Vertiefung der vorkultivierten PAM/BMDM- Zellplatten wurden 100 pl der verdünnten Probe gegeben, jede Probenverdünnung wurde in 3 Vertiefungen gegeben. Die Platten wurden bei 37 °C und 5 % CO2 2 Stunden lang inkubiert, dann wurde die Mischung entfernt und einmal mit 1X PBS gewaschen. Nach Zugabe von 200|JL Erhaltungsmedium (10 % FBS + RPMI + 1 % Antibiotikum) zu den Platten folgte eine erneute Inkubation bei 37 °C und 5 % CO2. für 48 Stunden. Dann wurden jeder Vertiefung 20 pl 0,1 % rote Blutkörperchen vom Schwein (pRBC) in RPMI-Medium zugesetzt. Danach wurde der zytopathischen Effekts (CPE) und der Zelllyse täglich bestimmt. Die Virustiter wurden als HAD50 berechnet. Außerdem wurde die Menge (Ct-Werte) von ASFV mittels kommerzieller rtPCR (Median Diagnostics Inc., http://www.mediandiagnostics.com) bestimmt. After the incubation period, 50 ml of RPMI medium was added to each bag. After mixing, the supernatant was collected. The resulting supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 µm filter to remove impurities and bacteria. Samples were diluted 10-fold in RPMI medium. 100 µl of the diluted sample was added to each well of the pre-cultured PAM/BMDM cell plates, each sample dilution was divided into 3 given indentations. The plates were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 2 hours, then the mixture was removed and washed once with 1X PBS. After adding 200 μl of maintenance medium (10% FBS + RPMI + 1% antibiotic) to the plates, they were incubated again at 37°C and 5% CO2. for 48 hours. Then 20 µl of 0.1% porcine red blood cells (pRBC) in RPMI medium was added to each well. Thereafter, the cytopathic effect (CPE) and cell lysis were determined daily. Virus titers were calculated as HAD50. In addition, the amount (Ct values) of ASFV was determined using commercial rtPCR (Median Diagnostics Inc., http://www.mediandiagnostics.com).
Die Ergebnisse der rtPCR zeigten, dass Komponente (i)+(ii), die Komponente (iv) und die Kombination der Komponenten (i), (ii) und (iv) in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen das genetische Material von ASPV im Futter an Tag 1 mit höheren Ct-Werten im Vergleich zur Positivkontrolle reduzierten. Die Beobachtung verstärkte sich am Tag 3. Am 7. Tag war das genetische Material von ASFV im Futter im Vergleich zur Positivkontrolle deutlich reduziert (Figuren 1 und 2). The results of the rtPCR showed that component (i)+(ii), component (iv) and the combination of components (i), (ii) and (iv) at different concentrations contained the genetic material of ASFV in the diet on day 1 with higher Ct values compared to the positive control. The observation increased on day 3. On day 7, the genetic material of ASFV in the diet was significantly reduced compared to the positive control (Figures 1 and 2).
In Übereinstimmung mit den rtPCR-Ergebnissen zeigte der Haemadsorptionstest, dass Komponente B die Aktivität des ASFV im Futter von Tag 1 bis 7 signifikant reduzierte (Figuren 3 und 4). Consistent with the rtPCR results, the haemadsorption assay showed that component B significantly reduced the activity of ASFV in the feed from day 1 to 7 (Figures 3 and 4).
Die Behandlungen mit Komponente (i) +(ii) und Komponente (iv) ergaben ein eindeutiges Ergebnis. The treatments with component (i) + (ii) and component (iv) gave a clear result.
Am Tag 1 war ein deutlicher Rückgang der viralen HADso-Werte bei verschiedenen Konzentrationen zu verzeichnen (Figuren 3 und 4). On day 1, there was a significant decrease in viral HADso levels at various concentrations (Figures 3 and 4).
Insbesondere an Tag 7 zeigten die Ergebnisse eine vollständige Unterdrückung des Virus. In particular, on day 7, the results showed complete suppression of the virus.
Die Kombination (i), (ii) und (iv) ergaben sehr positive Ergebnisse an Tag 1 und Tag 3, an Tag 7. Eine deutliche virale Unterdrückung wurde gemessen. The combination (i), (ii) and (iv) gave very positive results on day 1 and day 3, on day 7. Clear viral suppression was measured.
Die Ergebnisse der Versuche zeigten, dass die Komponenten (i), (ii) und (iv) eine starke synergistische Wirkung zur Verringerung der Überlebensfähigkeit von ASPV in Futtermitteln hatten und eine schnelle Verringerung der Menge an ASPV-DNA im untersuchten Futter sowie der Menge an infektiösem ASPV im untersuchten Futter haben. Nach 7 Tagen waren die jeweils erreichten Werte im Bereich der Negativkontrolle, der kein Virus zugefügt wurde. Dieser Versuch lässt auch den Schluss zu, dass Komponenten (i) + (ii) und Komponente (iv) jeweils alleine oder bevorzugt in einer Kombination der Komponenten (i) und (ii) + (iv) das Risiko einer ASPV-Übertragung durch Futtermittel verringern können und somit einen sehr starken Beitrag zur Biosicherheit von Futtermitteln leisten. Der Einsatz der Komponenten (i), (ii), (iii) und (iv) jeweils allein oder in Kombination dient somit prophylaktisch der Reduzierung des ASFV im Futter und Einstreumaterialien. The results of the experiments showed that components (i), (ii) and (iv) had a strong synergistic effect in reducing the survivability of ASFV in feed and rapidly reducing the amount of ASFV DNA in the feed tested and the amount of have infectious ASFV in the tested feed. After 7 days, the values achieved in each case were in the range of the negative control to which no virus was added. This experiment also allows the conclusion that components (i) + (ii) and component (iv) each alone or preferably in a combination of components (i) and (ii) + (iv) can reduce the risk of ASF transmission through feed and thus make a very strong contribution to the biosecurity of feed. The use of components (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) alone or in combination thus serves prophylactically to reduce ASFV in feed and litter materials.
In einem weiteren Versuch (F 5) wurden die Komponenten (i), (ii), (iii) und (iv) einzeln und in der Kombination getestet. Auch hier zeigte sich überraschender Weise die Vorzüglichkeit der Erfindung. Nach 7 Tagen war kein Virus nachweisbar. In a further experiment (F 5), components (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) were tested individually and in combination. Here, too, the excellence of the invention was surprisingly evident. After 7 days no virus was detectable.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen ("AF") der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die folgenden Ausführungsformen AF1-AF20. Unter der Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) wird hierbei insbesondere die Reduzierung der Konzentration von einem Virus oder mehreren Viren ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Porcine Epidenic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Seneca Valley A Virus (SVA) und ASFV verstanden, vorzugsweise des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) verstanden. Further preferred embodiments ("AF") of the present invention are the following embodiments AF1-AF20. The reduction in the concentration of viruses and/or the African swine fever virus (ASFV) here means in particular the reduction in the concentration of one virus or several viruses selected from the group consisting of porcine epidenic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Seneca Valley A Virus (SVA) and ASFV understood, preferably African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) understood.
AF1 : Verwendung eines Alphasäureextrakts oder synthetischer Alphasäure des Hopfens sowie deren isomerisierten Iso-alpha-Säuren (zu den Alphasäuren und deren Isomeren gehören u.a. Humulon, Cohumulon sowie Adhumolon und Isohumulon, Isocohumulon sowie Isoadhumulon), möglichst frei von Betasäuren und Hopfenölen zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF1 : Use of an alpha acid extract or synthetic alpha acid from hops and their isomerized iso-alpha acids (the alpha acids and their isomers include humulone, cohumulone and adhumulone and isohumulone, isocohumulone and isoadhumulone), as free as possible of beta acids and hop oils for (i) reducing the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivating viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
AF2: Verwendung eines Betasäureextrakts oder synthetischer Betasäure (möglichst frei von Alphasäuren und Hopfenölen) des Hopfens zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterials, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. Zu den ß-Säuren gehören u.a. Lupulon, Colupulon und Adlupulon. AF3: Verwendung eines Aromaextrakts des Hopfens (möglichst frei von Hopfensäuren) zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF2: Use of a beta acid extract or synthetic beta acid (preferably free from alpha acids and hop oils) of hops to (i) reduce the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material, or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding. The ß-acids include lupulone, colupulone and adlupulone. AF3: Use of a hop aroma extract (if possible free of hop acids) to (i) reduce the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material, or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or des African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
AF4: Verwendung anderer Extrakte des Hopfens zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder Reduzierung der Konzentration des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF4: Use of other extracts of hops to (i) reduce the concentration of viruses and/or reduce the concentration of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
AF5: Verwendung des Extraktionstrebers des Hopfens zur (i) Reduzierung derAF5: Use of hop husks to (i) reduce the
Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. concentration of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivation of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
AF6: Verwendung von Hopfendoldenpulver zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration des von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF6: Use of hop cone powder to (i) reduce levels of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
AF7: Verwendung einer Kombination aus AF 1-6 zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF7: Use of a combination of AF 1-6 to (i) reduce levels of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
AF8: Verwendung von trockenem oder flüssigem Süßholzextrakt zur (i) Reduzierung derAF8: Use of dry or liquid licorice extract to (i) reduce the
Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF9: Verwendung von Süßholzpulver zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial., oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. concentration of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivation of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding. AF9: Use of licorice powder to (i) reduce levels of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
AF10: Verwendung einer Kombination von AF 8 und 9 zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organische Einstreumaterial. AF10: Use of a combination of AF 8 and 9 to (i) reduce levels of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate virus and/or African swine fever virus Virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
AF11 : Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem der AF 1-7 und einem der AF 8-10 zurAF11 : Using a combination of one of the AF 1-7 and one of the AF 8-10 for
(i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder(i) reducing the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or
(ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. (ii) Inactivation of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
AF12: Verwendung von einem oder mehreren Extrakten und/oder Bestandteilen wenigstens einer Pflanze ausgewählt aus der Gruppe (iii) bestehend aus Traubentrester, Traubenkernextrakt, Traubenkerne, Akazienexsudat, Quillaya saponaria, Seifenrindeextrakt, Weinrebenextrakt, Roselle, Sapindus sapinoria, Kieselgur, E551 (a-c) und 1 ,2-Propandiol, zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF12: Use of one or more extracts and/or components of at least one plant selected from group (iii) consisting of grape marc, grape seed extract, grape seed, acacia exudate, Quillaya saponaria, soap bark extract, grapevine extract, roselle, Sapindus sapinoria, kieselguhr, E551 (a-c) and 1,2-propanediol, for (i) reducing the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material, or (ii) inactivating viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV ) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
AF13: Verwendung von einer oder mehreren der folgenden Säuren und deren Salzen: (iv) Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, Milchsäure, Propionsäure, Buttersäure, Fumarsäure, Äpfelsäure, Weinsäure und/oder Citronensäure; und/oder deren Ammonium-, Natrium-, Kalium-, Calcium- und/oder Magnesiumsalze , zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF14: Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem der AF 1 -7 und/oder einem der AF 8-13 und/oder dem AF 12 zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF13: Use of one or more of the following acids and their salts: (iv) formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and/or citric acid; and/or their ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and/or magnesium salts, for (i) reducing the concentration of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material, or (ii) Inactivation of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding. AF14: Use of a combination of any of the AF 1 -7 and/or any of the AF 8-13 and/or the AF 12 for (i) reducing the levels of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed, and organic bedding material, or (ii) inactivation of viruses and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
AF15: Verwendung einer Kombination nach AF 14 zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF15: Use of a combination of AF14 to (i) reduce levels of virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivate virus and/or African swine fever virus ( ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding material.
AF16: Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem der AF 1-7 und/oder einem der AF 8-10 und/oder dem AF12-13 und/oder einem der AF 14-15 zur (i) Reduzierung der Konzentration von Viren und/oder des afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, oder (ii) Inaktivierung des von Viren und/oder afrikanischen Schweinepest-Virus (ASFV) in Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial. AF16: Use of a combination of any of AF 1-7 and/or any of AF 8-10 and/or AF12-13 and/or any of AF 14-15 to (i) reduce the concentration of viruses and/or des African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding, or (ii) inactivating virus and/or African swine fever virus (ASFV) in animal feed and organic bedding.
AF17: Die Verwendung nach AF 1-16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das TierfutterAF17: The use according to AF 1-16, characterized in that the animal feed
Schweinefutter, und/oder pig feed, and/or
Schweineartigenfutter ist, bevorzugt Schweineartigenfutter für Wildschweine, Hirscheber, Warzenschweine, Buschschweine und/oder Flussschweine. Pig feed is preferably hog feed for wild boar, boar, warthog, bush hog and/or river hog.
AF18: Die Verwendung nach AF 1-16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das TierfutterAF18: The use according to AF 1-16, characterized in that the animal feed
Grünfutter, Melassefutter, Rauhfutter, Stroh, Grobfutter, Saftfutteroder Kraftfutter ist und organische Einstreumaterial aus Stroh, Strohpellets u.a. besteht. green fodder, molasses fodder, roughage, straw, coarse fodder, juice fodder or concentrated fodder and organic bedding material consists of straw, straw pellets, etc.
AF19: Die Verwendung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen AF, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Tierfutter in flüssiger und/oder fester Form verabreicht wird. AF20: Die Verwendung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen AF, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Applikation der Kombination oder ZusammensetzungAF19: The use according to one or more of the preceding AF, characterized in that the animal feed is administered in liquid and/or solid form. AF20: The use according to one or more of the preceding AF, characterized in that the application of the combination or composition
- bei einer erhöhten ASFV-Last im Tierfutter sowie organischen Einstreumaterial, und/oder - with an increased ASFV load in animal feed and organic bedding material, and/or
- prophylaktisch, und/oder - prophylactic, and/or
- kontinuierlich erfolgt. - occurs continuously.
Claims
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| EP22186737.7A EP4176730A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 | 2022-07-25 | Composition for reducing the concentration of viruses and african swine fever virus (asfv) in animal feed and material for spreading in stalls |
| PCT/EP2022/077791 WO2023057556A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 | 2022-10-06 | Composition for reducing the concentration of viruses and of african swine fever virus (asfv) in animal feed and litter materials for stables |
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| ITMI20032287A1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-05-25 | Indena Spa | COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF THE ORAL CABLE AFFECTIONS AND THE FIRST RESPIRATORY ROUTES |
| CN105611840B (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2021-02-09 | 营养科学股份有限公司 | Composition of medium-chain fatty acids and feed supplemented with the composition |
| KR20200128397A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2020-11-12 | 캔사스 스테이트 유니버시티 리서치 파운데이션 | Chemical mitigation of African swine fever virus and typical swine fever virus |
| CN109497107A (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-22 | 江南大学 | A kind of composition can be used as air sanitizer |
| US20200221730A1 (en) | 2019-01-15 | 2020-07-16 | Kemin Industries, Inc. | Inactivation of african swine fever virus using a feed additive |
| US11564405B2 (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2023-01-31 | Novus International, Inc. | Reducing the risk of viral infection due to viral contaminated feed |
| CN110279033A (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2019-09-27 | 河南省兽药饲料监察所(河南省畜产品质量监测检验中心) | A kind of lupulus extract feed addictive and preparation method thereof |
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