Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
  • C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
  • C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
  • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
  • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
  • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
  • C10G3/48—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
  • C10G3/49—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support containing crystalline aluminosilicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
  • C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
  • C10G65/14—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural parallel stages only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
  • C10G2400/08—Jet fuel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
  • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
  • C10L2200/0484—Vegetable or animal oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
  • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
  • C10L2200/0492—Fischer-Tropsch products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
  • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of jet fuels and in particular a jet fuel derived from renewable feedstocks.
• Conventional jet fuel is produced from crude oil and contains a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that typically have 6 to 18 carbon atoms. These hydrocarbons include linear and branched alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Due to petroleum-based feedstock and production processes, conventional jet fuel, also known as jet fuel, typically contains up to 25% by weight aromatic hydrocarbons, more typically 10% to 25% by weight of aromatic hydrocarbons. aromatic hydrocarbons. A significant proportion, usually on the order of less than 5%, of aromatic hydrocarbons are polycyclic (i.e. they contain two or more aromatic rings) and generally of the naphthalene type. Such compounds are harmful to health (eg carcinogenic) and have poor combustion properties.
• renewable fuels derived from biological matter are an alternative to conventional fossil fuels.
• Conventional jets can be mixed with paraffinic bases from renewable feedstocks as provided for by the D7566-21 standard, thus allowing the production of alternative aviation fuels.
• the bases for aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks that can be incorporated into fossil jet are:
• Synthetic paraffinic kerosenes [SPK] resulting from processes such as the Fischer-Tropsch process, the hydrotreating of esters and fatty acids [HEFA- SPK] or produced by the Alcohol-to-jet route (transformation of alcohol into kerosene) [ATJ-SPK]
• Synthetic paraffinic kerosene [SPK] obtained from hydrocarbons, esters and hydrotreated fatty acids.
• a minimum content of aromatic compounds in jet fuels is set at 8% by volume by the specification ASTM-D1655-21.
• the content of aromatic compounds is limited to a maximum of 25% by volume in the jets according to specification ASTMD1655-21 a of jet A1. Too high an aromatic content as well as the incorporation of polyaromatic type aromatics can lead to poor combustion properties.
• US Patent 10,731,085 describes a production of renewable fuel for diesel or jet applications containing paraffins and aromatics.
• the composition is obtained by hydroprocessing of biological loads followed by fractionation.
• the composition contains from 10 to 40% by mass of C8-C30 cycloalkanes.
• the composition can be used in a mixture with a jet fuel derived from fossil fuel.
• US patent 2009/0253947 describes a process for the production, in particular an integrated process for the production, of a fuel mixture from a component rich in paraffins and a component rich in cyclic compounds, each of the components being generated from a renewable raw material.
• Patent EP3292187 describes an aromatic compound used in a mixture comprising a kerosene of petroleum origin and a biokerosene.
• Patent FR3041360 describes a mixture of a kerosene which can be a synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK-HEFA or SPK-FT) or synthetic iso-paraffin (SIP) and one or more aromatic compounds which can be alone or in a mixture.
• the aromatic compounds described are substituted benzene and/or tetralin (C10H12) and/or decalin (C10H16).
• n methyls n being an integer between 1 and 6, being between 2 and 15% by volume relative to the total volume of the composition.
• None of these compositions can optimize the content and type of aromatic compounds in the final jet fuel composition in order to improve the quality of combustion, and in particular the smoke point, while ensuring good compatibility with existing systems. .
• the invention aims to provide a composition whose aromatic content and the nature of said aromatics are optimized.
• an optimized aromatics content makes it possible to adjust the blending, in particular to reach the aromatics specification without introducing excess aromatics as is the case for fossil jets.
• the optimization makes it possible to control the nature of the aromatics and to mainly incorporate monoaromatics to improve the combustion properties.
• the invention relates to a composition of jet fuel derived from renewable feedstocks comprising: a) from 65% to 95% by mass, preferably from 70% to 95% by mass, of at least one paraffin base derived from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids or a Fischer-Tropsch process and comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins, b) from 5% to 35% by mass, preferably from 5% to 30% by mass , of at least one C6-C16 or C8-C16 aromatic base, characterized in that the said aromatic base corresponds to the C6-C16 or C8-C16 fraction of a biofuel produced by a process for converting at least at least one C2 bioalcohol and characterized in that said aromatic base contains at least 60% by mass of aromatic compounds, said aromatic compounds comprising at least 50% by mass of benzene substituted by at least n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3, wherein said jet fuel composition comprises less than 9.5% by weight of C6-C16
• the aromatic base may correspond to the C6-C16 or C8-C16 fraction of a C4+ biofuel, in particular a C4-C20 or C6-C20 biofuel, the biofuel being produced by a fuel conversion process at least one C2 bioalcohol.
• the at least one aromatic base b) can be a C8-C16 aromatic base and said aromatic base corresponds to the C8-C16 fraction of a C6-C20 biofuel produced by a conversion process into fuel of at least one C2 bioalcohol.
• the jet fuel composition comprises from 70% to 80% by mass of the at least one paraffinic base a), preferably from 80% to 85%, preferentially from 85% to 92% by mass, even more preferentially from 92 % to 95% by mass.
• the jet fuel composition comprises from 20% to 30% by mass of the at least one aromatic base b), preferably from 15% to 20% by mass, preferentially from 8% to 15% by mass, even more preferentially from 5 to 8% by mass.
• the at least one aromatic base according to b) contains at least 70% by mass of aromatic compounds, preferably at least 80% by mass of aromatic compounds, preferentially at least 90% by mass of aromatic compounds.
• these aromatic compounds are predominantly (ie more than 50% by mass) monoaromatic compounds.
• the at least one paraffinic base a) is produced from one or more oils chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, preferably non-edible highly saturated oils, waste oils, by-products of the refining of vegetable oils or animal oil(s) containing free fatty acids, tall oils, and oils produced by bacteria, yeasts, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
• the invention also relates to a process for the production of a jet fuel composition derived from renewable feedstocks comprising at least the following steps: a) The production of at least one paraffinic base from a hydrotreatment of esters and acids fat or from a Fischer-Tropsch process, said at least one paraffinic base comprising at least 90% by mass of paraffins b) The production of at least one C6-C16 or C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least the steps following: i) the production of a biofuel by a process of conversion into fuel of bioethanol alone or in a mixture with other bioalcohols in C1 -C6, ii) recovering said C6-C16 or C8-C16 aromatic base by fractionating said biofuel obtained in step i), said C6-C16 or C8-C16 aromatic base comprising at least 60% of aromatic compounds, said compounds aromatics comprising at least 50% by mass of benzene substituted by at least n C2-C5 alkyl, n being an integer from 1 to 3, c
• step b) i) is a step for producing a C4+ biofuel, in particular C4-C20 or C6-C20, by a process for converting bioethanol into fuel alone or as a mixture with other C1-C6 bioalcohols.
• the at least one paraffinic base resulting from step a) is produced from one or more oils chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, preferably non-edible highly saturated oils, waste oils, sub - products from the refining of vegetable oils or animal oil(s) containing free fatty acids, tall oils, and oils produced by bacteria, yeasts, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
• step c) comprises mixing 70% to 80% by mass of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 20% to 30% by mass of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b).
• step c) comprises mixing 80% to 85% by mass of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 20% to 15% by mass of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b).
• step c) comprises mixing 85% to 92% by mass of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 15% to 8% by mass of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b).
• step c) comprises mixing 92% to 95% by mass of the at least one paraffinic base produced in step a) with 5% to 8% by mass of the at least one aromatic base produced in step b).
• Steps a), b) and c) can be carried out in separate processes.
• % by weight and % by mass have an equivalent meaning and refer to the proportion of the mass of a product relative to 100g of a composition comprising it.
• the carbon number distributions are determined by the actual boiling point distribution and by gas chromatography. As used in this specification, the total amount of paraffins and iso-paraffins at a given carbon number is determined by standard NF EN ISO 22854 for aromatic cuts and by gas chromatography (GCxGC) for mixtures paraffinic base and aromatic cut.
• GCxGC gas chromatography
• Aromatic content can be determined according to ASTM D1319-20A.
• Boiling points as mentioned herein are measured at atmospheric pressure, unless otherwise stated.
• An initial boiling point is defined as the temperature value from which a first bubble of vapor is formed.
• a final boiling point is the highest temperature reachable during distillation. At this temperature, no more vapor can be transported to a condenser.
• the determination of the initial and final points makes use of techniques known in the art and several methods adapted according to the range of distillation temperatures are applicable. Here we can use the ASTM D86-20b standard.
• the freezing point of a jet fuel type hydrocarbon can be measured according to ASTM D2386-19 / D7153-15e1 / D5972-16 /IP435 (2016).
• the density of a jet fuel type hydrocarbon can be measured according to ASTM D4052-18 or IP 365.
• Paraffinic base means a paraffinic synthetic fuel produced from raw material of non-petroleum origin compatible with specification ASTM D7566:21 and containing at least 90% by mass, and most often at least 95% by mass of paraffinic compounds. .
• paraffinic compounds typically comprise iso-paraffins, n-paraffins and cyclo-paraffins, the iso-paraffins being advantageously predominantly present (more than 50% by weight).
• Said synthetic paraffinic fuel is advantageously a synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) resulting from a hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids (SPK-HEFA) or resulting from a Fischer Tropsch process (SPK-FT).
• SPK synthetic paraffinic kerosene
• SPK-HEFA hydrotreatment of esters and fatty acids
• SPK-FT Fischer Tropsch process
• the synthetic paraffinic fuel of the present invention is thus a renewable fuel obtained exclusively from compounds of non-fossil origin.
• SPK-HEFA Renewable Paraffinic Synthetic Fuel can be produced from oil(s) of natural origin by a process of hydrogenation and deoxygenation of fatty acid esters and free fatty acids and subsequent processing of the product comprising hydrocracking, or hydroisomerization, or isomerization, or a combination of these steps, and may include other conventional refining processes.
• the synthetic renewable paraffinic fuel SPK-HEFA is produced from the hydrotreating of esters and fatty acids from a naturally occurring oil.
• oil of natural origin is defined as an oil of biomass origin and containing no mineral oil.
• oil(s) of natural origin refers indiscriminately to oils, fats and mixtures thereof.
• Said oil(s) of natural origin may contain one or more oils chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, preferably non-edible highly saturated oils, waste oils, by-products of the refining of vegetable oil(s) ( s) or animal oil(s) containing the fatty acids free, tall oils and oils produced by bacteria, yeasts, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
• Suitable vegetable oils are, for example, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil (rapeseed or canola), sunflower oil, linseed oil, bran oil, rice oil, corn oil, olive oil, castor oil, sesame oil, pine oil, peanut oil, mustard oil, carinata oil, hemp oil, coconut oil, babasu oil, cottonseed oil, linola oil, jatropha oil.
• Animal fats include tallow, lard, fat (yellow and brown fat), fish oil/fat, shortening, milk fat.
• By-products of vegetable or animal oil refining are by-products containing free fatty acids that are removed from crude fats and oils by neutralization or vacuum or steam distillation.
• a typical example is PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate).
• Waste oils include used cooking oils (used food oils) and oils recovered from waste water, such as waste grease/oil, gutter oil, sewage oil, e.g. from sewage stations water purification, and used fats from the food industry.
• Tall oils including crude tall oils, distilled tall oils (DTO) and tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), preferably DTO and TOFA, can also be used in the present invention.
• DTO distilled tall oils
• TOFA tall oil fatty acids
• Tall oil or otherwise known as tall oil, is a liquid by-product of the Kraft wood processing process, used to isolate, on the one hand, the wood pulp useful for the paper industry. Tall oil is essentially obtained when conifers are used in the Kraft process. After treatment of the wood chips with sodium sulphide in aqueous solution, the isolated tall oil is alkaline. This is then acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude tall oil.
• oils of natural origin used in the present invention also include oils produced by microorganisms, either natural microorganisms or genetically modified microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, algae, prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
• oils can be recovered by well-known mechanical or chemical extraction methods.
• the synthetic paraffinic renewable fuel SPK-FT comes from a process of Fischer Tropsch and can be produced from solid biomass.
• the thermochemical conversion of biomass also called BtL (Biomass to Liquid) includes the following steps: biomass conditioning (preparation, trituration, roasting), biomass gasification (obtaining a synthesis gas), purification of synthesis gas, Fisher-Tropsch synthesis to transform the gas into synthetic biofuel.
• the paraffinic synthetic fuel may have been subjected to a distillation step before its incorporation into the composition of the invention, in order to eliminate the heaviest paraffins which would not make it possible to respect the properties to coldness of the jet, in particular the point of disappearance of the crystals which must be lower than -47°C for Jet A1.
• the lightest compounds can also be separated by distillation, in order to respect, in particular, the properties of volatility and of the flash point of jet A1.
• the renewable paraffinic synthetic fuel may have one or more of the following characteristics:
• Aromatic base according to the invention is aromatic base according to the invention.
• the C6-C16 or C8-C16 aromatic base can be produced according to the following steps: i) production of a biofuel by subjecting bioethanol resulting from at least one renewable feedstock to a process for converting alcohol into fuel, ii) recovery by fractionation of said C6-C16 or C8-C16 aromatic base from said biofuel obtained in step i).
• the aromatic base is a C8-C16 aromatic base.
• the biofuel produced in step i) is typically a C4+ biofuel, in particular C4-C20 or C6-C20.
• the C6-C16 or C8-C16 aromatic base can be produced according to the following steps: i) production of a C4+ biofuel, in particular C4-C20 or C6-C20 by subjecting bioethanol from at least one renewable feedstock to a process for converting alcohol into fuel, ii) recovery by fractionation of said C6-C16 or C8-C16 aromatic base from said biofuel obtained in step i).
• the production of the biofuel according to step i) can be obtained by conversion of bioethanol alone or in a mixture with other C1-C6 bioalcohols, in a catalytic process.
• the catalytic process can be carried out on a bed of alum inosilicate, preferably of the zeolite type.
• Bioethanol can be produced from ethanol fermentation by the fermentative action of microorganisms, yeasts and/or bacteria of at least one raw material of plant origin
• a method for obtaining biofuel, in particular a C4+ biofuel, for example C4-C20 or C6-C20 is described for example in patents EP2940103 or EP3307853.
• the C6-C16 or C8-C16 aromatic base according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
• aromatic compounds present in a content of at least 60% by mass comprise benzene substituted by at least n C2-C5 alkyl.
• aromatic compounds can thus comprise a mixture of benzene molecules substituted by at least n C2-C5 alkyl, and optionally benzene molecules substituted by at least n C2-C5 alkyl and by m methyl, m being an integer of 1 at 3.
• the production of the paraffinic and aromatic bases according to the invention can be carried out from different renewable sources, and in particular by separate processes.
• the jet fuel composition according to the invention may comply with the Jet A or Jet A1 requirements as defined in standard ASTM D7566:2021 of July 2021 corresponding substantially to DefStan 91-091 Issue 12, or in DefStan 91 - 091 Issue 11 which references ASTM D7566:21.
• the contents of paraffin base a) and of aromatic base b) in the jet fuel composition according to the invention can be chosen such that the jet fuel composition according to the invention complies with these requirements.
• the at least one paraffinic base a) and the at least one aromatic base b) result from separate treatments of fillers renewables (from separate processes), including separate renewable loads.
• the jet fuel composition according to the invention consists of paraffin bases a) and aromatic bases b) derived from renewable feedstocks.
• the jet fuel composition according to the invention is free of components of petroleum origin.
• Fig. 1 Distribution of hydrocarbons in the mixture according to example 1.
• Fig. 2 evolution curve of the smoke point according to the aromatic content of cuts at 150-230°C.
• a mixture according to the invention is prepared.
• the mixture contains 90% by mass of HEFA in accordance with the paraffinic base a) according to the invention and 10% by mass of the aromatic base b) in C8-C16.
• the composition according to the invention has a low content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Also, the amount of monoaromatic hydrocarbons relative to the total amount of aromatic hydrocarbons is higher for the present composition than for the fossil jet.
• the composition is thus useful for reducing the polyaromatic hydrocarbon content of a fuel and increasing the proportion of monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Advantages are obtained in terms of improved combustion with an improvement in the smoke point and a reduction in soot emissions.
• Kerosene cuts 150-230°C from different crudes of fossil origin were analyzed to determine their content of aromatic compounds and the smoke point.
• the smoke point was determined according to ASTM D1322-19.
• the aromatic compound content was determined according to the ASTM D1319-20A standard.
• Figure 2 shows the evolution of the smoke point as a function of the aromatics content of these kerosene cuts.
• compositions according to the invention were prepared in the proportions shown in Table 1. These compositions are mixtures of an SPK-HEFA (density of 760.9 kg/m3) with an aromatic base A1 (composition C1) or with an aromatic base A2 (compositions C2-C4).
• the aromatic base A1 corresponds to a 140+°C cut of a biofuel.
• the aromatic base A2 corresponds to a 135+°C cut of a biofuel.
• These bases essentially contain compounds with a cut point of 150° C. and more.
• Table 5 collates the total aromatic contents of compositions C1 and C2.
• a carburetor of fossil origin having a total content of aromatic compounds of 12 or 13% by volume has a smoke point of 27-28 mm, whereas the carburetors according to the invention have a 32-33 mm smoke point.
• This difference with the values of fossil jet fuels is greater than the reproducibility of the standard and highlights the improvement in the smoke point of the fuel compositions according to the invention.
• the kinematic viscosities at -20°C and -40°C were determined according to the ASTM D445-21 standard for the C2-C4 mixtures of Example 2.

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• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
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• 2021
  • 2021-09-13 EP EP21306253.2A patent/EP4148103A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2022
  • 2022-09-12 WO PCT/EP2022/075311 patent/WO2023036988A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2022-09-12 AU AU2022342369A patent/AU2022342369A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-09-12 KR KR1020247012293A patent/KR20240093480A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2022-09-12 JP JP2024515684A patent/JP2024530829A/ja active Pending
  • 2022-09-12 CA CA3229977A patent/CA3229977A1/fr active Pending
  • 2022-09-12 CN CN202280061328.7A patent/CN118251480A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-09-12 US US18/691,358 patent/US20250136881A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-09-12 EP EP22786765.2A patent/EP4402222A1/de active Pending

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