EP4400686A1 - Double-shell metal window and door system with narrow web widths for historical cast iron windows / industrial, office and residential windows, doors with protective glazing - Google Patents
Double-shell metal window and door system with narrow web widths for historical cast iron windows / industrial, office and residential windows, doors with protective glazing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4400686A1 EP4400686A1 EP23000008.5A EP23000008A EP4400686A1 EP 4400686 A1 EP4400686 A1 EP 4400686A1 EP 23000008 A EP23000008 A EP 23000008A EP 4400686 A1 EP4400686 A1 EP 4400686A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- window
- windows
- historic
- cast iron
- double
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
- E06B1/32—Frames composed of parts made of different materials
- E06B1/325—Frames composed of parts made of different materials comprising insulation between two metal section members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
- E06B3/26301—Frames with special provision for insulation with prefabricated insulating strips between two metal section members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/68—Window bars
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
- E06B3/26301—Frames with special provision for insulation with prefabricated insulating strips between two metal section members
- E06B3/26305—Connection details
- E06B2003/2631—Screw or pin connections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
- E06B2003/26349—Details of insulating strips
- E06B2003/26369—Specific material characteristics
- E06B2003/26376—Non-plastic materials, e.g. wood, metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
- E06B2003/26398—Frames with special provision for insulation with two metal sections clamping a pane
Definitions
- Cast iron windows have been used in many industrial buildings over the last two centuries.
- This also provides static support for the window. This system relieves the load on historic buildings or new buildings at the reveals as a self-supporting element.
- the windows themselves with frames and bars, enable thermal separation and, if steel is used, they are fire-resistant.
- Our double-shell metal window and door system with the narrowest web widths for historic cast-iron windows, industrial, office and residential windows and doors with heat, sound, fire and burglary protection glazing essentially consists of a non-profiled, double-shell system.
- Commercially available flat steels/metals are used for this, e.g. as shown in the main drawing (view and section, sheet 1/3) 35x8 40x8, 50x8, 55x8 and others.
- outer and inner shell are welded, soldered, riveted, screwed or optionally cut from a plate using common technical processes.
- the two flat window sides (sheet 2/3 detail fixed glazing) are connected with a solid insulating material, preferably wood, as a thermal separating material but also for reinforcement, using screws on both sides. This creates a profile that resembles a T-beam and is therefore statically stable.
- the static, insulating core made of an insulating but solid polymer or a light metal, also as a profile (e.g. aluminum) or a specific type of wood, can support this effect depending on the choice.
- a higher insulation performance is also achieved by screwing the static insulation core offset on both sides.
- the two flat windows are now divided into an assembly side and an attachment side.
- the assembly side is the future outside of the window and will accommodate the insulation cores and panes during assembly.
- the attachment side is then screwed onto the corresponding assembly solution.
- a stud welding process can be used on the mounting side, e.g. for a stud bolt 1/1 pc. A2K M5x20 SW8.
- a thread can also be cut directly into the mounting side [for a direct screw connection of the top side to the mounting side, e.g. on historic cast iron windows (grey cast iron)]. Or a spacer bolt with an internal thread can be used, fixed to the mounting side with half the remaining thread for the counter screw on the top side.
- the insulating glass panes are placed in between and either cemented in a historical manner or, for example in new buildings, glued.
- Countersunk screws can be used to connect the shells (see sheet 2/3), which are later filled and coated; this means that they disappear from view of the window sides and at the same time serve for possible inspection in the event of damage.
- Cap nuts can also be used as a design element in new buildings.
- Window/door openings can also be created by means of an additional rebate in the core and by offset doubling on the frame (drawing detail of opening sash, sheet 2/3).
- Historic cast-iron windows can be used as mounting sides or as add-on sides. In this way, the historic structure can be protected, preserved and additionally stabilized.
- the window reveals of the existing buildings are now protected from moisture damage from the condensation that previously formed on the window and its T-profiles, and heat losses are minimized to the state of the art (see example facade sheet 3/3 windows shown in black).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Alle derzeit verfügbaren, technischen Lösungen können die sehr schmalen Fenstersprossen bei wenig Tiefenauftrag nicht einhalten. Eine hinreichend thermische Trennung im Fenster ist bei den meisten Anbietern mit der üblichen Profilbauweise nicht realisiert.All currently available technical solutions cannot accommodate the very narrow window bars with a small depth application. Most suppliers are unable to achieve sufficient thermal separation in the window with the usual profile construction.
Dieses Patent ermöglicht schmale Sprossen, sowie eine thermische Trennung, steift zusätzlich statisch aus, ist gut handhabbar und bietet sogar die Möglichkeit einer nicht all zu aufwendigen Revision bei Schäden am Fensterglas.This patent allows for narrow bars and thermal separation, provides additional static stiffening, is easy to handle and even offers the possibility of a not too complex revision in the event of damage to the window glass.
Es ist nahezu wartungsfrei und unter Verwendung von Holz als Dämmung und Leinstandölfarben als Beschichtung auch noch sehr nachhaltig.It is almost maintenance-free and, using wood as insulation and linseed oil paints as a coating, is also very sustainable.
Da historische Gussfenster bei dieser Variante sogar im Bestand verbleiben
und quasi "nur aufgedoppelt" werden können, handelt es sich für den denkmalpflegerischen Bereich um eine wahre Errungenschaft und sollte hier selbst bald Stand der Technik werden.
and can be "just doubled up", it is a true achievement for the field of monument conservation and should soon become state of the art in this field itself.
Description
Gusseiserne Fenster sind in vielen Industriebauten der letzten 2 Jahrhunderte verbaut.Cast iron windows have been used in many industrial buildings over the last two centuries.
Sehr schöne Architekturobjekte sind uns heute aus dieser Zeit noch erhalten.Very beautiful architectural objects from this period have been preserved to this day.
Die ehemals als Lager oder Werkstatt genutzten Räume werden heute gern einer neuen wärmegeführten Nutzung zugeführt. Hier trifft der gestalterische Anspruch auf die bisher technische Unmöglichkeit (Beispielfassade Blatt 3/3).The rooms that were formerly used as storage or workshops are now being converted to a new heat-controlled use. Here, the design requirement meets what was previously technically impossible (example facade, page 3/3).
Hierfür entwickelten wir ein Metallfenster- und -türensystem in unterschiedlichen Varianten, die alle gängigen Wärmeschutzverordnungen erfüllen und mit modernen Isolierglasscheiben versehen werden können.For this purpose, we developed a metal window and door system in different variants that meet all common thermal insulation regulations and can be fitted with modern insulating glass panes.
Zu dem ergibt sich eine statische Unterstützung des Fensters. Dieses System entlastet historische Gebäude oder auch einen Neubau an den Laibungen als selbsttragendes Element.This also provides static support for the window. This system relieves the load on historic buildings or new buildings at the reveals as a self-supporting element.
Da nun Isolierglasscheiben verbaut werden können, kann nun auch entsprechendes Glas zur Einbruchhemmung, zum Schallschutz ,Panzerglas (beschusssicher)oder Feuerschutzverglasung eingebracht werden.Since insulating glass panes can now be installed, appropriate glass for burglary protection, sound insulation, bulletproof glass or fire protection glazing can now also be installed.
Die Fenster, selber mit Rahmen und Sprossen, ermöglichen so eine thermische Trennung und, so Stahl Verwendung findet, sind sie entspr. durch Feuer belastbar.The windows, themselves with frames and bars, enable thermal separation and, if steel is used, they are fire-resistant.
Hier stehen technische Versuche zur Erlangung einer entsprechenden Zertifizierung noch aus.Technical tests to obtain the relevant certification are still pending.
Das letzte Jahr haben wir alle durch das deutsche Patentamt uns zur Verfügung gestellten Datensätze zum Thema Fenster gesichtet und keinerlei Patent gefunden, in dem auch nur ansatzweise unsere Erfindung in einem anderen Patent beschrieben wurde.Last year, we reviewed all the data sets on windows made available to us by the German Patent Office and found no patent in which our invention was even remotely described in another patent.
Wir haben unsere Erfindung bisher nicht veröffentlicht oder medial zugänglich gemacht, auf keiner Messe ausgestellt oder anderweitig beworben oder publiziert.We have not yet published our invention or made it available to the media, exhibited it at any trade fair or otherwise advertised or published it.
Unser Patent ist gewerblich anwendbar in Architektur, Metallbau, Glaserei.Our patent is commercially applicable in architecture, metal construction and glazing.
Wir erklären uns bereit Lizenzen zu erteilen.We agree to grant licenses.
Unser zweischaliges Metallfenster- und -türensystem mit schmalsten Stegbreiten für historische gusseiserne Fenster, Industrie-, Büro- und Wohnfenster und -türen mit Wärme-, Schall-, Feuer-, Einbruchschutzverglasung besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem nicht profilierten, zweischalen System. Hierfür werden handelsübliche Flachstähle/ Metalle z. B. wie in der Hauptzeichnung (Ansicht und Schnitt, Blatt 1/3)dargestellt 35x8 40x8, 50x8, 55x8 u.a. verwendet.Our double-shell metal window and door system with the narrowest web widths for historic cast-iron windows, industrial, office and residential windows and doors with heat, sound, fire and burglary protection glazing essentially consists of a non-profiled, double-shell system. Commercially available flat steels/metals are used for this, e.g. as shown in the main drawing (view and section,
Äußere und innere Schale (Fenster mit Rahmen und Sprossen) werden geschweißt, gelötet, vernietet, verschraubt / wahlweise auch durch gängige technische Verfahren aus einer Platte geschnitten.The outer and inner shell (window with frame and bars) are welded, soldered, riveted, screwed or optionally cut from a plate using common technical processes.
Die beiden flach konstruierten Fensterseiten (Blatt 2/3 Detail Festverglasung) werden mit einem festen Dämmstoff, vorzugsweise Holz, als thermisches Trennmaterial aber auch zur Aussteifung, mittels Schrauben von beiden Seiten verbunden. Hierdurch entsteht ein Profil, welches einem T-Träger gleicht und entsprechend statisch stabil wird.The two flat window sides (
Der Statik-, Dämmkern, aus einem dämmenden aber festen Polymer aber auch einem Leichtmetall, auch als Profil (z.B. Aluminium) bzw. einer spez. Holzart, kann je nach Wahl diesen Effekt unterstützen.The static, insulating core, made of an insulating but solid polymer or a light metal, also as a profile (e.g. aluminum) or a specific type of wood, can support this effect depending on the choice.
Andere weiche Dämmstoffe und oder auch einfach Luft oder weiche Füllungen erhöhen den Dämmeffekt, wirken jedoch zu Lasten der Statik.Other soft insulating materials and/or simply air or soft fillings increase the insulating effect, but are detrimental to the statics.
Eine höhere Dämmleistung wird auch durch das beidseitige Verschrauben des Statik-, Dämmkerns beidseits versetzt erreicht.A higher insulation performance is also achieved by screwing the static insulation core offset on both sides.
Die Wärmebrücke, die durch ein Durchschrauben entsteht, ist jedoch zu vernachlässigen.Die beiden Flachfenster werden nun in eine Montageseite und einer Aufsatzseite unterteilt. Die Montageseite ist die zukünftige Außenseite des Fensters und nimmt im Verlauf der Montage die Dämmkerne sowie die Scheiben auf. Die Aufsatzseite wird abschließend auf die entsprechende Montagelösung aufgeschraubt.However, the thermal bridge that is created by screwing through is negligible. The two flat windows are now divided into an assembly side and an attachment side. The assembly side is the future outside of the window and will accommodate the insulation cores and panes during assembly. The attachment side is then screwed onto the corresponding assembly solution.
Hierzu kann ein Bolzenschweißverfahren an der Montageseite eingesetzt werden z.B. für einen ABSt. Bolz. 1/1 St. A2K M5x20 SW8.For this purpose, a stud welding process can be used on the mounting side, e.g. for a
Ebenfalls kann ein Gewinde direkt in die Montageseite geschnitten werden [für eine Direktverschraubung der Aufsatzseite mit der Montageseite z.B. an historischen Gussfenstern (Grauguss)]. Oder es kann mit einem Abstandsbolzen mit Innengewinde, fest an der Montageseite mit der Hälfte Restgewinde für die Gegenschraube der Aufsatzseite, gearbeitet werden.A thread can also be cut directly into the mounting side [for a direct screw connection of the top side to the mounting side, e.g. on historic cast iron windows (grey cast iron)]. Or a spacer bolt with an internal thread can be used, fixed to the mounting side with half the remaining thread for the counter screw on the top side.
Dazwischen werden die Isolierglasscheiben gesetzt und wahlweise in historischer Nachempfindung verkittet oder, z.B. an Neubauten, verklebt.The insulating glass panes are placed in between and either cemented in a historical manner or, for example in new buildings, glued.
Zur Verbindung der Schalen können Senkkopfschrauben verwendet werden (siehe Blatt 2/3), die später verspachtelt und beschichtet werden; somit verschwinden diesein der Ansicht der Fensterseiten und dienen gleichzeitig einer evtl. Revision bei Schäden.Countersunk screws can be used to connect the shells (see
Hutmuttern können ebenfalls als gestalterisches Element bei Neubauten eingesetzt werden.Cap nuts can also be used as a design element in new buildings.
Fenster- / Türöffnungen sind durch einen zusätzlichen Falz im Kern und durch die versetzte Aufdopplung am Rahmen(Zeichnung Detail Öffnungsflügel, Baltt 2/3) ebenso zu bewerkstelligen.Window/door openings can also be created by means of an additional rebate in the core and by offset doubling on the frame (drawing detail of opening sash,
Historische gusseiserne Fenster können als Montageseite aber auch als Aufsatzseite weiterverwendet werden. So kann der hist. Bestand geschützt, erhalten und zusätzlich stabilisiert werden. Die Fensterlaibungen der Bestandsbauten sind nun vor Feuchteschäden des vormals entstandehen Kondensats am Fenster und seiner T-Profile geschützt, Wärmeverluste werden auf den Stand der Technik minimiert (siehe Beispielfassade Blatt 3/3 schwarz dargestellte Fenster).Historic cast-iron windows can be used as mounting sides or as add-on sides. In this way, the historic structure can be protected, preserved and additionally stabilized. The window reveals of the existing buildings are now protected from moisture damage from the condensation that previously formed on the window and its T-profiles, and heat losses are minimized to the state of the art (see example facade sheet 3/3 windows shown in black).
Claims (6)
(wie bei einem historischen gusseisernen Fenster), welches ebenso minimal in der Tiefe aufträgt.The window system develops a high static stability with the narrowest view
(like a historic cast-iron window), which also has a minimal depth.
deren Weiternutzung im Fensterschalensystem .The system enables the upgrading of historic cast iron windows and
their further use in the window shell system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23000008.5A EP4400686A1 (en) | 2023-01-11 | 2023-01-11 | Double-shell metal window and door system with narrow web widths for historical cast iron windows / industrial, office and residential windows, doors with protective glazing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23000008.5A EP4400686A1 (en) | 2023-01-11 | 2023-01-11 | Double-shell metal window and door system with narrow web widths for historical cast iron windows / industrial, office and residential windows, doors with protective glazing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4400686A1 true EP4400686A1 (en) | 2024-07-17 |
Family
ID=84981860
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23000008.5A Pending EP4400686A1 (en) | 2023-01-11 | 2023-01-11 | Double-shell metal window and door system with narrow web widths for historical cast iron windows / industrial, office and residential windows, doors with protective glazing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4400686A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2402105A (en) * | 1943-03-08 | 1946-06-11 | Adlake Co | Multiple glass sash |
| EP0825323A2 (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-02-25 | Vereinigte Holzbaubetriebe Wilhelm Pfalzer & Hans Vogt GmbH & Co. | Burglarproof window |
| BE1011034A6 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-04-06 | Dessel Iwan Van | Door and window system in which the frames are constructed from flat elements |
| EP2427620A1 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2012-03-14 | PROMAT GmbH | Flat fireproof closure |
| US20190368262A1 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-05 | Andrew Juneau | Thermal Break Window Fenestration Formed of Steel |
-
2023
- 2023-01-11 EP EP23000008.5A patent/EP4400686A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2402105A (en) * | 1943-03-08 | 1946-06-11 | Adlake Co | Multiple glass sash |
| EP0825323A2 (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-02-25 | Vereinigte Holzbaubetriebe Wilhelm Pfalzer & Hans Vogt GmbH & Co. | Burglarproof window |
| BE1011034A6 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1999-04-06 | Dessel Iwan Van | Door and window system in which the frames are constructed from flat elements |
| EP2427620A1 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2012-03-14 | PROMAT GmbH | Flat fireproof closure |
| US20190368262A1 (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2019-12-05 | Andrew Juneau | Thermal Break Window Fenestration Formed of Steel |
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