Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
  • E04C3/005—Girders or columns that are rollable, collapsible or otherwise adjustable in length or height
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
  • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
  • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
  • E04B2/7412—Posts or frame members specially adapted for reduced sound or heat transmission
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
  • E04B2/76—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal
  • E04B2/766—T-connections
  • E04B2/767—Connections between wall studs and upper or lower locating rails
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
  • E04B2/76—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal
  • E04B2/78—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips
  • E04B2/7809—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips of single or multiple tubular form
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
  • E04B2/76—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal
  • E04B2/78—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips
  • E04B2/7809—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips of single or multiple tubular form
  • E04B2/7818—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips of single or multiple tubular form of substantially rectangular form
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
  • E04B2/76—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal
  • E04B2/78—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips
  • E04B2/7809—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips of single or multiple tubular form
  • E04B2/7818—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips of single or multiple tubular form of substantially rectangular form
  • E04B2/7836—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge with framework or posts of metal characterised by special cross-section of the frame members as far as important for securing wall panels to a framework with or without the help of cover-strips of single or multiple tubular form of substantially rectangular form with only two sides of the profiles having substantially similar undercut grooves or connecting projections
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B9/06—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members
  • E04B9/12—Connections between non-parallel members of the supporting construction
  • E04B9/16—Connections between non-parallel members of the supporting construction the members lying in different planes

Definitions

• Dry construction framing member and wall or ceiling structures comprising the same
• the invention generally relates to a dry construction framing member with a hollow, polygonal shape, which is suitable for walls or ceilings.
• the invention also comprises a an elongate sheet and a method by which the elongate sheet can be shaped into a framing member as well as wall or ceiling framing constructions with the inventive framing member.
• These framing constructions further comprise guiding tracks.
• the invention further encompasses using a wall framing with the inventive framing member for reducing sound transmission.
• Dry construction framing members e.g. CW/CD/U-shaped studs or tracks
• the framing members can partially fit into one another.
• the flat flanges on either side of the framing member provide attachment surfaces for gypsum-based, cement-based or woodbased building boards on both sides of the framing member.
• One disadvantage of this type of construction element, especially when used as a vertical framing member, is that it is not stable in itself and the necessary stability is only achieved in combination with the attached boards.
• a framing member of this type such as a metal stud for example, is prone to twist during the assembly of a wall, making a wall assembly arduous. Twisting can occur when screwing a building board to e.g. a C-shaped metal stud. The screws will push the metal flange of a C-shaped stud inwards. Although this can be counteracted by supporting the flange or even reciprocating the pressure by hand, it may lead to a somewhat undulated surface (2-3 mm) of the wall. Additionally, open shaped framing members, such as e.g. U-shaped metal studs, can buckle under load or other impacts.
• a further disadvantage of wall constructions comprising the current U-shaped studs is a direct metal connection between both sides of a constructed wall, which promotes the transmission of sound from one side of the wall to the other.
• Various specialized studs, including M-shaped studs, have been developed to compensate for this.
• these studs suffer from a relatively complex and costly manufacture.
• a first aspect the present invention provides a dry construction framing member for walls or ceilings with at least three longitudinal sections, wherein each longitudinal section constitutes a different plane and each longitudinal section is bordered by two adjacent longitudinal sections.
• a cross-section of the framing member has a hollow, polygonal shape.
• the longitudinal sections represent sidewalls of a tube-like body.
• Each sidewall, i.e. each longitudinal section preferably comprises parallel longitudinal borders.
• the sidewalls can be described as elongate rectangles.
• the term “hollow” is meant to denote that the polygonal cross-section is not solid, but there is a cavity inside.
• the cavity can be unfilled or filled with a material other than the material that the sides, i.e.
• the cavity preferably represents the space inside the polygon that is not occupied by the sides of the polygon.
• the term “hollow” can also be applied to the framing member.
• the cavity preferably represents the space inside that is not occupied by the sidewalls, i.e. the longitudinal sections, which typically have a certain material thickness.
• the framing member can be open at both distal ends.
• the cross-section is a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the framing member.
• This framing member is advantageous in that it is not prone to twist, particularly during the assembly of a wall. As described in the introduction, this reduces the need to counteract the movement of the flange with pressure applied by hand. Also, framing members with a hollow, polygonal shape are less likely to buckle under load or other impacts. Furthermore, they have an intrinsic stability. Thus, a framing member with a hollow, polygonal shaped cross-section is more torsion resistant than its open counterparts and can be considered a torsion resistant framing member.
• Dry construction in terms of this invention is a type of interior or exterior construction that comprises two basic construction elements, building boards and framing members (i.e. a sub-construction or sub-structure), that together form a functional, static, unit.
• the building boards comprise large rigid sheets that are used for sheathing walls and ceilings.
• a dry construction itself does not require any additional drying time. Drying time is only necessary for the finish, such as levelling or covering the joints between boards with joint compound, or covering entire building boards (i.e. wallboards, ceiling boards) with e.g. a render or a plaster.
• Dry construction has mainly been used for the construction of interiors and has focused on non-load bearing walls.
• the building boards comprise gypsum-containing plasterboards, gypsum fiberboards, plywood boards, other engineered wood boards (such as e.g. oriented strand board, high-density fiberboard, medium-density fibreboard, particle board, chipboard), cement boards, cement fiberboards. These building boards have a square meter weight of 10 to 30 kg/m 2 .
• Recently, a form of dry construction has also been used for load-bearing walls, as well as for exterior walls.
• a framing member according to this invention can be used as a part of the subconstruction of a wall or ceiling. It can support building boards with a square meter weight of 10 to 30 kg/m 2 . The framing member can support up to 50 kg/m 2 on one side, particularly if the building boards are attached in double layers. Framing members can be used in any orientation (e.g. vertical, horizontal, diagonal). Preferably, the framing member is a vertical framing member or a horizontal framing member, if it is part of said sub-construction. Vertical framing members are generally referred to as studs, while horizontal framing members are typically referred to as tracks, channels, runners or beams.
• the framing member according to this invention has a hollow, polygonal crosssection.
• a polygonal cross-section is meant to denote a shape or figure whose continuous or discontinuous line segments are connected or meet. They start and end at the same point.
• the line segments of a cross-section can be discontinuous, if one or more of the longitudinal sections, has cut-outs.
• an open shape is made up of (continuous or discontinuous) line segments, but there is at least one line segment that is not connected to anything at one of its endpoints.
• the cross-section of the polygonal shape framing member can have various shapes, such as triangular, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc. Preferably, the cross-section is not round or rectangular.
• the polygonal cross-section is a simple and/or convex polygonal cross-section.
• a polygonal shape particularly a simple polygonal shape and/or a convex polygonal shape, can provide higher (dimensional) stability, because each sidewall or longitudinal section of the framing member is always stabilized by its two contacting sidewalls or longitudinal sections. Thus, an impact or force to one sidewall is always absorbed by the contacting sidewalls.
• An additional advantage is the torsional stiffness that “open” framing members lack, whereby torsional stiffness is considered the resistance to, i.e. the ability to resist, twisting, torsional deflection or torsional deformation.
• a framing member with a hollow, polygonal cross-section all longitudinal sections of the framing member meet or are connected, thereby forming an elongate tube-like or pipe body.
• the framing member is thus essentially closed in its length and is only open at its two distal ends.
• the word essentially denotes that while all longitudinal sections meet or are connected, cut-outs within a longitudinal section as well as bending means between longitudinal sections are allowed.
• a tube-like body with a polygonal cross-section can also be referred to as a polygonal prism-shaped body, wherein the prism-shaped body is open at its two distal ends.
• the term “polygonal prism-shaped” is referred to as “prism-shaped” hereafter.
• the expression “hollow polygonal shape” shall not exclude framing members with protrusions or the like from the hollow shape of the main body of the framing member, such as outwardly projecting extensions or appendages, e.g. extensions, tabs or straps on one or both outer sections or outer edges.
• framing members with a hollow polygonal shape framing members with such protrusions are explicitly included.
• Each longitudinal section constitutes a different plane such that each longitudinal section is oriented to the adjacent longitudinal section at an angle greater than 0° and less than 180°. While the angle between adjacent longitudinal sections is greater than 0° and less than 180°, it is preferably in the range of 30° to 80°.
• two angles between adjacent longitudinal sections are in the range of 50° to 80° and one angle between adjacent longitudinal sections is in the range of 30° to 60°.
• Each longitudinal section can also be described as a sidewall of the elongate tube-like framing member.
• Each longitudinal section is essentially flat, i.e. without a curvature, whereby the words “essentially flat” exclude all intentional curvatures, but include minor defects or unintentional curvatures such as those arising from e.g. bending.
• the sections can be connected to one another rigidly (e.g. by welding) or flexibly (e.g. by hinges or bending means such as bend lines or interlocking tabs).
• “at least one” can mean one, two, three, four, five or many.
• “plurality” can mean two, three, four, five or many.
• the framing members can be made of a metal or a cellulose derivate.
• the metal can be a steel or steel alloy or an aluminium or aluminium alloy, most preferably the metal is a 0.4 to 0.7 mm gauge steel. Alternatively, the metal can be a 1 .2 mm - 1 .5 mm gauge steel for load-bearing walls.
• the cellulose derivate can be a bamboo composite. It can also be based on cardboard or paper. If made of a cellulose derivate, the framing member preferably comprises > 90 wt.-% bamboo fibres or cardboard or paper relative to the weight of the framing member.
• the framing member has a (acute) triangular cross-section, preferably an equilateral, isosceles or right triangle cross-section.
• a (acute) triangular cross-section preferably an equilateral, isosceles or right triangle cross-section.
• a triangular cross-section gives the framing member a triangular prism-shape, generally with two (distal) open ends.
• This hollow triangular prism-shaped framing member typically has a high intrinsic stability, because the sidewalls (i.e. the longitudinal sections) of the triangle stabilize each other when a load is applied to the third side.
• Triangular prism-shaped framing members occupy less storage space compared to e.g. rectangular framing members with the same intrinsic strength. They also have a higher torsion resistance.
• the inventive framing member comprises at least three longitudinal (parallel) sections. Preferably, these three longitudinal sections comprise one first outer section, one second outer section and at least one inner longitudinal section.
• the inner section/s are bordered by other inner section/s or outer section/s on at least two opposing sides.
• the other two opposing sides of the elongated sheet form the distal ends of the framing member that are attachable to e.g. guiding tracks.
• the framing member can be used as a vertical framing member, e.g. in walls.
• the framing member can be used as a horizontal framing member as is typical for ceilings (e.g. as a widespan beam).
• At least one of the longitudinal sections can comprise cut-outs, preferably at least two longitudinal sections comprise cutouts. Most preferably, the cut-outs comprise 10 to 60% of a surface area of a respective section.
• the cut-outs can have various shapes such as circles, triangles or squares. Triangles could be arranged in an alternating manner as depicted e.g. in Fig. 4a. Here, one side of a cut-out triangle faces an edge of a section, while the vertex of the adjacent cut-out triangle faces the same edge such that a narrow bridge is formed between the two. Of the mentioned cut-outs, circles are preferred.
• the cut-outs can serve several purposes. They can reduce the overall weight of the framing member, while at the same time maintaining the stability of the framing member. They can also serve as entry point for wiring. In a preferred aspect, the cut-outs have rounded lips or a collar of approximately 2 mm to 4 mm to further improve the stability of the framing member and/or to avoid damage to the wiring and/or piping. These cut-outs can be prepared by blanking (with e.g. a punch press) or laser-cutting or by a combination of blanking/laser-cutting and embossing or shaping the respective sheets.
• rounded lips or a collar can be disadvantageous for rolled goods, because they would increase the stiffness and thus prevent the sheet from being able to be rolled.
• separate protective strips or trims could protect the wiring and/or piping from any sharp edges of cut-outs without rounded lips or a collar.
• These can be configured as e.g. plastic grommets or bushings that can snap into the cut-outs.
• Armored cables or armored conduits and/or a foam protection for either cables or conduits can also alleviate problems associated with sharp edges.
• both outer sections have cut-outs.
• the inner section/s preferably comprise cutouts with ⁇ 5%, more preferably ⁇ 1%, of the surface area of the respective inner section. Any cut-outs in the inner section/s preferably aid any attachment means, e.g. for fastening building boards thereto or for fastening to other members of the substructure.
• the inner section is preferably substantially continuous.
• a framing member particularly a framing member without cut-outs, can be filled with a granular material, such as e.g. sand or heavy infill.
• the invention concerns a blank for building the framing member, hereafter also called an elongate sheet for a shaping a dry-construction framing member or a semi-finished framing member.
• This semi-finished framing member can also be seen as an interstage product that can be shaped into a final framing member, e.g. on a construction site.
• the elongated sheet for shaping a dry construction framing member is separated into at least three longitudinal sections, namely one first outer section, one second outer section and at least one inner section, by at least two bend lines, wherein the at least two bend lines are preferably (parallel) bend lines.
• the at least three longitudinal sections are parallel longitudinal sections.
• the elongate sheet is essentially rigid, meaning that it is bendable in its length only at the bend lines.
• the bend lines function as a bending bias.
• the term “rigid” in terms of this invention infers that a framing member formed from the elongated sheet comprises the stability to function as a structural element in the dry construction. To be considered rigid, it is preferable that the elongated sheet has a tensile strength of at least 250 MPa, more preferably 250 MPa to 500 MPa.
• the inventive elongated sheet according to the invention can be shaped into a (polygonal) prism-shaped framing member, such as a triangular prism-shaped framing member, or an open shaped framing member, such as a U-, C- or W-shaped framing member.
• An elongated sheet e.g. a flat elongate sheet, is easier and less costly to store and/or transport as it requires less volume compared to a finished framing member.
• the length of the flat sheet can be rolled for more versatile storage and/or transport.
• a rolled elongate sheet can have a length of several metres and can still easily be transported in a regular car.
• elongate sheets for shaping dry construction framing members that are configured as rolled goods are not limited in their length.
• Traditional framing members typically have a length of 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m or 4 m. If a wall is higher or a ceiling is wider than the length of the framing member, traditional framing members need to be coupled. Coupling two framing members involves an extra work step, whereby the coupling can be a weak point in the construction.
• Semifinished framing members i.e.
• elongate sheets configured as rolled goods can achieve greater lengths or heights compared to traditional framing members without being coupled.
• the elongate sheet can be shaped into a finished framing member, such as hollow prism-shaped framing member, manually or with simple tools.
• the elongate sheet comprises exactly three (parallel) longitudinal sections. More preferably, the elongate sheet can be shaped into a dry construction framing member with a triangular cross-section, most preferably an equilateral, isosceles or right angle cross-section. It is therefore preferable, that the first and second outer section have a width, which is more than half of the width of the middle or inner section, as otherwise the edges of the two outer sections cannot be brought into a position, where they meet to form a triangular cross-section.
• the elongate sheet can be shaped into an open shaped framing member, such as a U-, C- or W-shape.
• these framing members have less stability, they are particularly useful as horizontal framing members, e.g. guiding tracks.
• Guiding tracks are fastened to the underlying masonry or concrete and serve as basis for the placement and/or fastening of studs, tracks or beams. Studs, tracks or beams are typically inserted into the guiding tracks with a twisting motion. Once the studs, tracks or beams are positioned in the guiding track, they can be fastened to the guiding track with e.g. screws.
• an open-shaped framing members is also provided as a bendable interstage product, particularly as rolled goods.
• the bend lines are meant to facilitate on-site shaping.
• a “line” extends in a main direction, whereby its extension perpendicular to the main extension is smaller by an order of magnitude.
• the width of a longitudinal section exceeds half the width of a bend line by at least a factor of 10.
• recesses e.g.
• perforations or slots extend in the main direction and in the direction perpendicular to the main direction, but a plurality of recesses are regarded as a bend line, if the plurality of recesses are aligned and the direction of the plurality of recesses extend in and define a main direction.
• the bend lines can comprise recesses, thinned material or hinges, for example.
• the recesses can be configured as perforations, bores or slots.
• the thinned or otherwise weakened material can comprise grooving (e.g. v-grooving), indentations or embossments, which can be discontinuous or continuous. In embossing the surface of a material is typically raised, whereas the surface of a material is typically depressed (or impressed) by indenting. If the bend lines comprise recesses, these can be spaced apart at regular or irregular intervals, preferably they are spaced at regular intervals.
• the recesses have a length of 1 mm to 50 mm and/or a width of 1 mm to 5 mm; they can be round, oval-shaped, rectangular or rectangular with rounded corners. Most preferably, the recesses have a length of 15 mm to 35 mm and/or a width of 2 mm to 3 mm. For example, the recesses can have a length of 28 mm or 22 mm and/or a width of 2.5 mm. Recesses with a length of e.g. 40 mm with a width of 2 mm to 3 mm are also possible.
• the bend lines create a directional bias, such that there is a preferential bending direction.
• the elongate sheet comprises at least three (parallel) longitudinal, i.e. elongate, sections.
• these at least three sections comprise one first outer section and one second outer section and at least one inner section.
• the inner section/s are bordered by other sections on both longitudinal borders. They are bordered by two inner sections or an inner section and a first or second outer section.
• the outer section/s are bordered on only one longitudinal border. They are bordered by only one inner section. If considering the semifinished framing member as an elongate sheet comprising at least three longitudinal sections, the other two opposing transverse sides (transverse edges) of the elongate sheet form the distal ends of the framing member that are positionable in the guiding tracks.
• the first and second outer sections of the elongate sheet each have a longitudinal edge, whereby the first outer section has a first (longitudinal) edge and the second outer section has a second (longitudinal) edge, preferably each with an attachment means to connect to one another.
• the attachment means can aid in increasing the stability of the finished framing member and can also prevent lateral shifting of the edges in the finished framing member. While it is possible to attach the edges permanently with methods such as welding or spot welding, other attachment means exist.
• the attachment means comprise an extension or a plurality of extensions on at least one longitudinal edge, more preferably on both longitudinal edges.
• extensions on both (longitudinal) edges can comprise a plurality of holes.
• Longitudinal extensions on one or both (longitudinal) edges extending at least 90 % of the length of the framing member are particularly suitable for crimping, clinching or for bolts, screws, rivets or clamps.
• the extension/s on one or both (longitudinal) edges are configured as a plurality of tabs, most preferably the plurality tabs of one edge interlock with the plurality of tabs of the other edge.
• the tabs have a length of 10 mm to 500 mm, more preferably the tabs have a length of 10 mm to 300 mm, most preferably they have a length of 50 mm to 150 mm and/or a width of 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably, they have a width of 3 mm to 6 mm, which can be exemplified by a length of 100 mm and a width of 4.5 mm. More preferably, the spaces between tabs correspond in size to the tabs of the tabs of the other edge, meaning that the spaces between the tabs have the same length as the tabs of the opposing edge.
• tabs of either edge are positioned such that the tabs of one edge fill the (empty) space in between tabs of the other edge.
• Tabs have the advantage that no additional parts are necessary to attach opposing edges to one another, e.g. to form a triangular framing member, and that the framing member can easily be shaped on a construction site.
• the semi-finished framing member further comprises a fixation strap, which can secure the attachment means, particularly the interlocking tabs, in position.
• the fixation strap can be a partially detached segment of the tab, preferably a partially detached segment of 5 mm to 20 mm at the beginning and/or the end of a tab, more preferably a partially detached segment of 8 mm to 12 mm at the beginning and/or the end of a tab.
• the terms “partially detached” imply that the segment of the tab remains connected to longitudinal section, i.e. the outer longitudinal section, but is detached from the remainder of the tab.
• the fixation strap can be pre-fabricated or can be formed by cutting a section from the tab with e.g.
• a pre-fabricated fixation strap can be formed by laser-cutting or blanking (with e.g. a punch press). After bending the elongated sheet into a prism-shape, the fixation strap is bent over the other outer section such that it is at least partially in contact with the other outer section.
• the “other” outer section refers to the outer section that the fixation strip is not connected to.
• a fixation strip connected to the first outer section is bent over the second outer section such that it is at least partially in contact with the second outer section.
• a fixation strip connected to the second outer section is bent over the first outer section such that is at least partially in contact with the first outer section.
• fixation strips can be effective to pair the fixation strips, such that a fixations strip connected to the first outer section and a directly adjacent fixation strip connected to the second outer section comprise a pair of fixations strips.
• fixations strips or pairs of fixation strips are distanced 100 mm to 600 mm, preferably 300 mm to 600 mm, more preferably 400 mm to 550 mm. Since tabs can have a length of 10 mm to 300 mm, preferably 50 mm to 150 mm, this also implies that not every tab requires a fixation strip or a pair of fixation strips. It is not excluded, that the fixation strap can be positioned within a tab.
• the fixation strip can comprise a tongue formed from and connected to either the first outer section or the second outer section, wherein the tongue of either section can thread into an appropriate fixation perforation in the respective other outer section.
• a tongue formed from and connected to the first outer section can thread into an appropriately sized fixation perforation in the second outer section.
• a tongue formed from connected to the second outer section can thread into an appropriately sized fixation perforation of the first outer section.
• the tongue can be formed by laser-cutting or blanking (with e.g. a punch press).
• the tongue has an elongate shape, e.g. rectangular or essentially rectangular with rounded corners at a non-connected end.
• a semifinished framing member can comprise a plurality of tongues, preferably the plurality of tongues are distanced 100 mm to 600 mm, preferably 300 mm to 600 mm, more preferably 400 mm to 550 mm from one another.
• the length of the longitudinal sections or the elongate sheet is not subject to relevant restrictions, but preferably the sections or the sheet have a length of at least about 1 .5 m and more preferably at least about 2 m.
• the longitudinal sections or the elongate sheet have a length of at most 6 m, more preferably of at most 4 m.
• the length of the longitudinal sections of or the elongate sheet can be 1 .5 m to 6 m, preferably it is in the range of 2 m to 4 m. Long sheets can be rolled for storage and/or transport.
• the thickness of the longitudinal sections or of the elongate sheet is also not subject to relevant restrictions, as long as a good compromise of the required stability and the weight of the constructions is achieved.
• a suitable gauge is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, preferably between 0.35 to and 1.0 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, such as for example 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm 0.6 mm or 0.65 mm.
• a gauge of about 0.6 mm provides a comparatively good compromise between stability and weight for metal sheets.
• a suitable gauge/thickness is in the range of 2 to 15 mm, preferably 3 to 10 mm.
• the longitudinal sections are dimensioned such that opposing building boards attached to the substructure of framing members are distanced e.g. 50 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm or 125 mm.
• the height of the triangle i.e. the distance from the vertex bisecting the opposite side of the triangle at a right angle
• the term essentially encompasses a triangle height that is reduced by at most 8 mm compared to the width of a guiding track, such that the outermost part of the prism-shaped framing member is not in contact with the opposing wall boards.
• there is a gap of 3 mm to 5 mm between the outermost part which can be either an extension or the vertex of a framing member without an extension, and the opposing wall board, if reduced sound transmission is an issue.
• the framing member has a triangular prism-shape, wherein the inner section, which corresponds to the base of the triangle, has a width of 35 mm to 65 mm, preferably 40 mm to 60 mm, most preferably 45 mm to 55 mm.
• a width of 45 mm to 55 mm, preferably 50 mm, is advantageous because screws that are used for attaching building boards will not contact the outer sections of the prism-shaped framing member. If e.g. 25 mm screws are used, they will typically penetrate the vertical faming member by 10 to 12.5 mm at approximately 10 mm from the edge of a building board/wall board.
• both outer sections have the same width, which can be different to the width of the inner section, making the crosssection an isosceles triangle.
• the width of the outer sections, and thus also the height of the triangle can vary according to the thickness of the wall. As stated previously, the height of the triangle can be adjusted such that contact to the opposing building board is avoided, if sound transmission is an issue.
• the height of the triangle can be 45 mm to 110 mm, such as for example 50 mm, 75 mm or 100 mm, also including the same examples reduced by at most 8 mm.
• a further aspect of the invention concerns the method to finish a dry construction framing member by bending an elongate sheet according to the invention along at least two bend lines, wherein elongate sheet is separated into at least three (parallel) longitudinal sections by at least two (parallel) longitudinal bend lines.
• the method further involves the step of connecting a first longitudinal edge of a first outer section and a second longitudinal edge of a second outer section of the elongate sheet by attachment means, wherein the attachment means can comprise one or more extensions, welding, spot welding, crimping, clinch connections, bolts, rivets, screws or interlocking tabs.
• the framing member can have prefabricated attachment means, such as an extension on at least one longitudinal edge, to facilitate fastening the flanks or longitudinal edges of the elongate sheet to one another.
• the extension/s can be connected by welding, spot welding, crimping, clinching, screwing, bolting, clamping or interlocking. It is noted that welding does not necessarily require any extensions on the longitudinal edges.
• each longitudinal section constitutes a different plane and each longitudinal section is bordered by two adjacent longitudinal sections, such that a cross-section of the obtained framing member has a hollow, polygonal shape.
• a further aspect of the invention concerns a wall framing or ceiling framing comprising at least a first and at least a second guiding track and a plurality of framing members according to the invention or made from an elongated sheet according to the invention, preferably with a method according to the invention.
• These framing members are positioned in the guiding tracks, preferably they are positioned in the guiding tracks with placement means.
• the framing members according to the invention will be vertical framing members.
• the framing members according to the invention will be horizontal framing members.
• the guiding tracks are typically horizontal guiding tracks.
• the guiding tracks, preferably horizontal guiding tracks, are open shaped framing members (e.g.
• a guiding track comprises a web with a flange on either side of the web, such that there is an angle of approximately 90° between the web and a flange.
• the two flanges are approximately parallel to one another.
• Building boards are typically attached to the flanges of open-shaped framing members.
• the placement means can ensure that the framing member is secured in a desired position in the guiding track.
• the placement means can comprise placement angles.
• the placement means can comprise protrusions and/or cut-outs on the ends of the framing member or along the length of the guiding track.
• the placement means comprise placement angles (i.e.
• the (vertical) framing member is placed between the first and the second guiding track.
• the (vertical) framing member is rotated (i.e. swivelled) approximately 90° along with its placement angle/s to secure it within the guiding track with the desired distance to the flanges of the guiding track.
• the placement means can be secured by a tight fit between the flanges of the guiding track.
• the placement means could be attached or bonded to the guiding track by e.g. screws, adhesive, welding, or clamping. A tight fit is advantageous for an exact positioning.
• the placement means ensure a proper positioning of the framing members, preferably vertical framing members, for reduced sound transmission.
• the framing member can also be positioned without placement angle/s, in which case an inner section of the framing member can be attached to one flange of the first guiding track and/or one flange of the second guiding track via e.g. a screw.
• the first guiding track refers to the upper guiding track and the second guiding track refers to the lower guiding track.
• Placement means preferably placement angles, are particularly useful for vertical framing members according to the invention.
• the placement angle is a metal placement angle made of steel, a steel alloy, aluminium or aluminium alloy, preferably the metal has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 1 .2 mm.
• the placement angle can be made of a cellulose derivate as described for the inventive framing members.
• the placement angle comprises two legs at an angle of 90° ⁇ 5°.
• the horizontal leg is in (full) contact with the horizontal guiding track and the vertical leg can be inserted into the open end of the (vertical) framing member. It is particularly preferably that the horizontal leg has a rounded shape.
• the rounded shape is a semi-circle. A rounded shape unsures that the framing member, particularly the vertical framing member, can be mouted with the by e.g. a swivelling motion.
• the placement angle comprises a padding, preferably on the horizontal leg, to compensate for the rigidity of the framing member and/or for deflection.
• the padding is located on the side of the horizontal leg that faces an open end of the framing member, preferably the vertical framing member.
• the inventive framing members have a greater intrinsic stability and are less likely to buckle under load, they are less flexible and less capable to compensate for slight vertical movements compared to their traditional open shaped counterparts like C- or U-shaped framing members.
• the padding can compensate at least a 5 mm deflection.
• the padding can comprise e.g. an elastomer or rubber material, preferably in a thickness of 0.1 cm to 1.5 cm and more preferably 0.3 cm to 0.8 cm.
• An example of a placement angle 9 comprising a padding 10 is provided in Figure 5.
• the wall framing further comprises a first guiding track and/or a second guiding track shaped from an elongate sheet analogous to shaping the framing member from an elongate sheet.
• a guiding track does not require the stability of a framing member, it is a typical element in the dry construction.
• the elongate sheet is bent to form a C-shaped guiding track.
• both the first and second guiding track as well as all framing members are shaped from an elongate sheet according to the invention, preferably with a method according to the invention.
• the advantages include, but are not limited to, reduced storage and/or transport volume, more versatility in transport and handling, as well as the possibility to provide framing members with greater lengths than traditional framing members, if the material can be rolled.
• the framing members of the wall framing are vertical framing members.
• the first guiding track and the second guiding track each have a first flange and a second flange and the vertical framing members are in contact with only a first flange of a guiding track, preferably there is a gap of 3 to 8 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 5 mm, from each vertical framing member to the second flange of the guiding track, preferably the vertical framing members have a triangular cross-section.
• Open shaped guiding tracks such as the first (upper) guiding track and the second (lower) guiding track of the wall framing, each have a web and two flanges, a first flange and a second flange.
• the vertical framing members according to the invention are in contact with only one flange of a guiding track, preferably there is a gap of 3 mm to 8 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 5 mm, between each vertical framing member and the other flange of the guiding track, such that if a vertical framing member is in contact with a first flange, it will not be in contact with a second flange and vice versa.
• the vertical framing members have a triangular cross-section, giving the vertical framing members a triangular prismshape.
• a vertex edge would point towards the first flange without touching the flange, while the other two vertex edges would border on the other flange, such that one lateral surface, i.e. sidewall, of the prism is in contact with the second flange. Sound transmission from one side of the wall or partition to the other side is reduced, if the vertical framing member is in contact with only one flange.
• a gap of 3 mm to 8 mm between the vertex edge and the flange ensures that the vertex edge can still support the building board closest to the vertex edge to some extent, in the case of an impact or applied strain. Depending on its elasticity, the building board will bend until it touches the vertex edge.
• vertical framing members i.e. studs
• vertical framing members are spaced 625 mm apart for building boards/panels sized 1250 mm x 2000 - 3000 mm (boards sized e.g. 1250 mm x 2600 mm or 2750 mm are typical in domestic/residential construction), although it should be stressed that that the application is not limited thereto and the practitioner may adjust this distance to his respective dimensions and needs.
• 600 mm can also be a typical distance between vertical framing members.
• the term building board according to this invention refers to flat sheets used in the construction and assembly of walls, floors or ceilings. Examples of these building boards or panels include, but are not limited to, wallboard, drywall, plasterboard, cement board, mineral binder-based fiberboard (e.g. gypsum fiberboard or cement fiberboard), wood-based fiberboard and engineered wood.
• the building board comprises > 90 wt.-% gypsum, based on the total weight of the building board. More preferably, the building board is a plasterboard.
• a wall framing can serve as a sub-structure for single-sided walls (in which building boards are only fixed to one side of the wall framing) or for double-sided walls (in which building boards are fixed to both sides of the wall framing).
• Single-sided walls can also be referred to as furring and they can function as cladding or lining.
• Double-sided walls can also be referred to as partition walls, particularly if they are located in the interior of a building.
• they can be load-bearing walls or nonload bearing walls. Most frequently, dry construction services non-load bearing partition walls.
• the building boards can be attached as a single layer or as a double layer. If they are attached as a double layer, they are usually mounted such that the edges of the two layers are staggered. Building board thicknesses range from 10 to 20 mm. Particularly for single layer walls, a thickness of 15 to 19 mm is preferred.
• Two arrangements focus on triangular prism-shaped vertical framing members, the first of which comprises vertical framing members arranged in the same orientation.
• the orientation is defined with regard to the vertices of a triangular cross-section.
• the triangular cross-section has three vertices: a first vertex that points towards the first flange of the horizontal framing member, without touching it and a second and a third vertex border the second flange of the guiding track. Building boards can only be attached to the longitudinal section between the second and third vertex which correspond to the second and third vertex edge. If the triangular prism-shaped vertical framing members all have the same orientation, the first vertices in a cross-section all point to the first flange.
• the vertical framing members are arranged in an alternating orientation. In this alternating orientation, the first vertex, i.e. vertex edge, of a framing member points towards the first flange, while the first vertex, i.e. vertex edge, of the neighboring framing member points to the second flange of the guiding track. This arrangement is repeated with all subsequent framing members, such that (only) every other first vertex edge points to the first flange of a guiding track.
• This arrangement has the benefit that building boards can be attached on both sides of the wall framing, resulting in a double-sided wall, as can be seen in Fig. 8.
• a further aspect of the invention concerns a partition wall comprising a plurality of building boards attached to both sides of the previously described wall framing comprising vertical framing members.
• These vertical framing members are arranged in an alternating orientation, which means that each vertical framing member are in direct contact, i.e. are attached, to only one side of the partition wall.
• the building boards are attached as a single layer.
• a spacing interval of 600 mm to 625 mm is preferable. If prism-shaped vertical framing members, preferably triangular prism-shaped framing members, are used for two-sided walls with a double layer of building boards, the distance between the framing members must be reduced to approximately half the distance e.g.
• a suspended ceiling comprising the described ceiling framing and a plurality of building boards, wherein the framing members are horizontal framing members.
• a suspended ceiling offers many advantages, such as an interstitial space that can serve as an air plenum for ventilation or a space to hide pipes, ducts and electrical wiring.
• a suspended ceiling is a type of finish that is hung from the main, i.e.
• a suspended ceiling does not make up a permanent structural foundation, but rather serves as a covering for the more solid framework above.
• Suspended ceilings typically consist of a framework of metal tracks suspended from the main ceiling. Tiles, panels or building boards are attached to the tracks, which form the suspended ceiling.
• widespan beams offer an alternative. Wide span beams are also used if the interstitial space is overcrowded with piping etc., not leaving enough room for hanging structures.
• two C-shaped tracks attached back-to-back i.e.
• web-to-web are used as widespan beams. These back-to-back C-shaped tracks are typically positioned in opposing horizontal U-shaped guide tracks.
• One inventive framing member can replace two back-to-back C-shaped tracks as a widespan beam, thereby reducing the amount of construction material.
• the elongate sheet according to the invention (especially if it is rolled) offer more versatility in the span that can be covered, because their length is not limited by the size of a transportation vehicle.
• the horizontal framing members according to the invention are positioned in (horizontal) guiding tracks, typically horizontal U-shaped tracks, that are attached to either a partition wall (also encompassing the vertical framing members of the partition wall) or a main wall.
• the web of the tracks will be attached to the wall or wall framing, e.g. by screws.
• the lower flange of a U-shaped track will support the inventive framing member.
• Building boards can be attached to the framing member/s according to the invention, e.g. by screws.
• a final aspect of the invention concerns the use of a wall framing as described for reducing sound transmission between opposite sides of a partition wall. This is achieved by placing the vertical framing members such that each framing member is attached to only one side of a partition wall, wherein each side of the partition wall comprises at least one building board.
• the vertical framing member is in contact with only one flange of the at least one guiding track, preferably there is a gap of 3 mm to 8 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 5 mm, from the vertical framing member to the second flange of the at least one guiding track.
• the vertical framing member is in contact with only the first flange of the first and the second guiding track, wherein both first flanges are on the same side of the partition wall.
• the vertical framing member has a triangular cross-section.
• Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an elongate sheet 1A according to the invention with bend lines 5, e.g. a plurality of aligned perforations.
• Figures 2 a - e show embodiments of hollow prism-shaped framing members prepared by bending the elongate sheet 1A into three dimensional forms via the longest sides thereof. In these examples, both longitudinal edges have extensions that are configured as tabs.
• Figure 3 shows fixation straps 7A.
• Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a semi-finished framing member 1A comprising three longitudinal sections and uninterrupted, continuous extensions on both longitudinal edges 6. It also shows the finished framing member after bending the elongate sheet into a triangular prism shape.
• Figures 5 a - d show various embodiments for cut-outs of the framing members. Depending on the stability, wiring and other requirements, these cut-outs can be positioned on one, two, three, or all sections.
• Figure 6 shows a placement angle with a padding.
• Figure 7 shows an assembly of a vertical triangular prism-shaped framing member positioned in a guiding track via a placement angle.
• horizontal prism-shaped framing members are positioned in a guiding track via a placement angle.
• Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a single layer furring or sheathing (i.e. building boards are attached to only one side of the vertical framing member), wherein all triangular prismshaped framing members are arranged in the same direction.
• Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a single layer partition wall with building boards on both sides of the vertical framing members, wherein the triangular prism-shaped framing members are not arranged in the same direction.
• Figure 10 shows an embodiment of a single layer partition wall with building boards on both sides of the vertical framing members.
• the space in between is (partially) filled with insulation material, such as mineral wool.
• Figure 11 shows a suspended ceiling with triangular prism-shaped framing members as horizontal widespan beams.
• Figure 12 shows an alternative configuration of a suspended ceiling with triangular prismshaped framing members as horizontal widespan beams.
• Figure 1 depicts an elongate sheet 1 A which is subdivided along its longer dimension into three parallel longitudinal sections, namely two outer sections 2a and 2b and one inner section 3, that are respectively joined by parallel bend lines 5 such as perforations.
• the perforations are elongate slots.
• the elongate sheet has extensions configured as protruding tabs 7 on the edges of the outer sections 2a and 2b, which interlock when the outer sections are bent towards one another.
• the elongate sheet according to the invention can be made of metal or a cellulose derivate.
• the elongate sheet is a metal sheet.
• Figure 2 a shows an elongate sheet 1A folded into a triangular prism-shaped framing member.
• the outer edges of both outer sections 2a and 2b have extensions configured as tabs.
• the tabs are dimensioned approx. 100 mm x 5 mm.
• On one edge, a tab of approx. 100 mm x 5 mm is followed by an empty space of the same size. This is repeated along the length of the outer section.
• the tabs and empty spaces on the other edge have the same size. They are configured such that the tabs of one edge fit into the empty space of the other edge, thereby interlocking and forming a hollow prism-shaped framing member.
• the elongate sheet is a metal sheet, more preferably a 0.4 to 0.7 mm gauge metal sheet.
• the bend lines comprise perforations, more preferably the bend lines comprise perforations with a length of 15 mm to 35 mm and a width of 2 mm to 3 mm.
• Fig. 2 b shows semi-finished framing member, i.e. an elongate sheet, folded into a prism with a right triangle cross-section.
• Fig. 2 c shows a semi-finished framing member folded into a framing member with a rectangular or square cross-section.
• Fig. 2 d shows a semi-finished framing member folded into a framing member with a pentagonal crosssection.
• Fig. 1 b shows semi-finished framing member, i.e. an elongate sheet, folded into a prism with a right triangle cross-section.
• Fig. 2 c shows a semi-finished framing member folded into a
• FIG. 2 e shows a semi-finished framing member folded into a framing member with a hexagonal cross-section.
• the tabs of Fig. 2 b to Fig. 2 e are configured analogous to Fig. 2 a.
• the bend lines are also configured as described for Fig. 2 a. Cutouts (not shown) can be positioned along the entire length of a section, preferably they can be positioned along the entire length of two sections.
• Figure 3 shows a cross-section and an exploded perspective view of fixation straps 7A as segments of the tabs 7.
• the fixation straps 7 A are relatively short compared to the tabs 7 and can be bent manually such that a fixation strap of one outer section 2a, 2b folds over and is in contact with the other outer section 2b, 2a.
• the fixation straps are arranged in pairs, where each pair comprises one fixation strap of the first outer section 2a and one fastening strap of the second outer section 2b.
• the fixation straps are typically located at the end of a tab 7. Pairs of fixation straps are typically distanced 100 mm to 600 mm, preferably 300 mm to 600 mm, more preferably 400 mm to 550 mm.
• Fixation straps 7 A can be used for any prism-shape.
• Figure 4 shows a semi-finished framing member with three longitudinal sections 2a, 2b, and 3 and uninterrupted, continuous extensions on both longitudinal edges of sections 2a and 2b. After folding essentially a triangular prism, the extensions protrude from the triangle like a neck and can be used to attach the outer sections to one another. This attachment can be stabilised further by e.g. screws, clamps, rivets or clinch connection.
• Fig. 5 a - Fig. 5 d show various embodiments for cut-outs 8.
• the triangular cut-outs in Fig. 5 a alternate in orientation to maximize material reduction, while maintaining sufficient stability.
• the square cut-outs of Fig. 5 b are only representative of a differently shaped cut-out. They could also be spaced further to increase stability.
• Fig. 5 c and 5 d depict circular cut-outs, preferred embodiments, with Fig. 5 d showing an example of varying the size of the cut-out within one section. All cut-outs can be spaced farther apart than depicted.
• Figure 6 shows a placement angle 9 with a padding made of a flexible material 10 and a rounded horizontal leg.
• the rounded horizontal leg can range from rounded corners to being configured as a half-circle (not shown).
• the placement angle is shown as a front view, a side view, a perspective view and a top view. In addition to the padding, both the horizontal leg 19 and the vertical leg 20 are shown.
• Figure 7 shows the placement angle 9 in relation to an inventive framing member 1 , particularly a triangular prism-shaped framing member.
• the vertical leg 20 of the placement angle is slid into the vertical framing member and runs parallel to the inner section.
• the length of the horizontal leg 19 of the placement angle is such that it creates a snug or tight fit with the guiding track 11 .
• Figure 8 shows a wall framing serving as a sub-structure for single-sided walls (in which building boards are only fixed to one side of the wall framing).
• Single-sided walls are also referred to as furring and can function as cladding or lining.
• the prismshaped stud is positioned in an upper and lower U-shaped guiding track (not shown), preferably by means or a placement angle 9 comprising a padding 10.
• One surface of the prism-shaped stud borders a first flange of the guiding track 11. All prism-shaped studs are oriented in the same direction.
• Building boards 12 are attached to one side (i.e. section, preferably inner section 3) of the studs 1 via nails or screws 14, which penetrate the boards and the stud.
• the joint between two boards is typically filled with a joint filler 21 , particularly if the boards comprise a tapered, rounded or beveled edge.
• Figure 9 shows a wall framing serving as a sub-structure for a partition wall (in which a single layer of building boards is fixed to both sides of the wall framing).
• the prism-shaped studs are positioned in upper and lower U-shaped guiding tracks (not shown). Since building boards can only be attached to one surface of the prism-shaped studs, the studs are not all oriented in the same direction. Ideally, every other stud is oriented in the same direction.
• the building boards are preferably attached to the inner section of the prism-shaped stud. Particularly for studs shaped from semifinished framing members, the inner section has the highest stability. Building boards 12 are attached to one side (i.e.
• the joint between two boards is typically filled with a joint filler 21 , particularly if the boards comprise a tapered, rounded or beveled edge. If a double layer of building boards is attached to one or both sides of the wall framing, then the outer layer of building boards can be attached with e.g. plasterboard-to-plasterboard screws or twice the number of studs are required.
• Figure 10 shows essentially the same wall framing for a partition wall as described in Figure 9 with an additional insulation material.
• Figure 11 shows prism-shaped framing members serving as widespan beams.
• These prism-shaped framing members can be formed from elongated sheets according to the invention. If formed from elongate sheets, the building boards 12 (e.g. ceiling panels) are attached to the inner section. The open ends 18 of the framing member are positioned in (first and second) horizontal guiding tracks. Placement angles 9 can be used as an aid for positioning the prism-shaped framing members in the guiding tracks 11.
• the U-shaped guiding tracks can be attached to a non-loadbearing wall, e.g. partition wall or to a loadbearing wall, e.g. a concrete or brick wall 22.
• the C-shaped studs 23 shown in this figure can also be replaced with the inventive framing member, e.g. prism-shaped studs.
• Figure 12 shows triangular prism shaped framing members serving as widespan beams. These prism-shaped framing members can be formed from elongate sheets according to the invention.
• the triangular prism-shaped framing member is positioned such that a longitudinal section faces, i.e. it is essentially parallel to, the slab above and a vertex line faces downwards towards a floor. If formed from an elongate sheet, the inner section faces, i.e. it is essentially parallel to, the slab above.
• the connection between the first outer section and the second outer section points downwards towards the floor.
• the open ends 18 of the framing member are positioned in (first and second) horizontal guiding tracks. Placement angles 9 can be used as an aid for positioning the prism-shaped framing members in the guiding tracks 11 .
• the U-shaped guiding tracks can be attached to a non-loadbearing wall, e.g. partition wall or to a loadbearing wall, e.g. a concrete or brick wall 22.
• Connecting brackets 24 connect the ceiling tracks, e.g. C-shaped tracks, to the prism-shaped framing member.
• the building boards 12 e.g. ceiling panels
• the C-shaped studs 23 shown in this figure can also be replaced with the inventive framing member, e.g. prism-shaped studs.
• I framing member according to the invention comprising at least three longitudinal sections
• attachment means nail, screw

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• 2022
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