EP4367705A1 - Kontaktträger für vakuumschalter, vakuumschalter sowie herstellungsverfahren für einen kontaktträger - Google Patents
Kontaktträger für vakuumschalter, vakuumschalter sowie herstellungsverfahren für einen kontaktträgerInfo
- Publication number
- EP4367705A1 EP4367705A1 EP22773166.8A EP22773166A EP4367705A1 EP 4367705 A1 EP4367705 A1 EP 4367705A1 EP 22773166 A EP22773166 A EP 22773166A EP 4367705 A1 EP4367705 A1 EP 4367705A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact carrier
- contact
- powder
- vacuum switch
- conductive material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
- H01H33/6642—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having cup-shaped contacts, the cylindrical wall of which being provided with inclined slits to form a coil
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
- H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel contact carrier for vacuum switches, a vacuum switch with such a contact carrier and a manufacturing method for a contact carrier.
- Vacuum interrupters for the low, medium and high voltage range are used in particular to switch off currents greater than a few kiloamperes, so-called radial or axial magnetic field contacts (RMF or AMF contacts).
- RMF or AMF contacts radial or axial magnetic field contacts
- Structure, function and operating principles of such contact elements in conventional construction are, for example, in the dissertation published in 2003, "Modeling of the plasma in the vacuum circuit breaker taking into account axial magnetic fields" by K. Jenkes-Botterweck, available online at htt://publications. RWTH Aachen . de/ record/ 58842 , comprehensively described .
- Fig. 1 shows a conventional AMF contact 10 in a schematic representation.
- a contact carrier Coil body 11 carries a contact disc 12 .
- the contact carrier and contact disk have a plurality of oblique slots 13 distributed over the circumference, which are thus cut into the contact element. ment are introduced so that they (together with the geometry of the corresponding mating contact) cause the formation of an axial magnetic field and thus a large-area distribution of an emerging arc on the contact disk.
- FIG. 2 shows a conventional RMF contact 20 in a schematic representation.
- a contact carrier Bobbin 21 carries an annular contact disk 22 .
- the contact carrier 21 has a plurality of oblique slots 23 distributed over the circumference, which are introduced into the contact body in such a way that they (together with the geometry of the corresponding mating contact) reduce the thermal load on the contacts due to rotation of the arc occurring during switching operations distributed around the longitudinal axis of the arrangement on the contact discs.
- the bobbins are preferably made from copper bar stock or from preformed copper compacts.
- DE 33 02 595 A1 discloses a contact carrier in which a coiled or body provided with helical recesses is cast from a first material of lower electrical conductivity with a second material of higher conductivity and lower melting and casting temperature, in particular the spaces between the screw turns or the recesses are cast.
- the body made from the first material represents part of the casting mold for the second material.
- the disadvantage of this is that the melting point of the first material must be well above the melting point of the second material and that the production of such a contact carrier takes a lot of time due to several sequential work steps.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to specify a contact carrier for vacuum switches and a manufacturing method for such a contact carrier, whereby the disadvantages described are avoided.
- a contact carrier of a contact element for a vacuum switch which consists predominantly of a first conductive material or composite material and has a plurality of recesses distributed over the circumference of a second material with a lower conductivity than the first material or composite material, which during a switching operation of the vacuum switch, they cause the formation of a magnetic field and thus a movement of an arc that is produced on a predetermined path.
- a material is let into the slot-shaped openings known from the prior art that has a lower conductivity than the material of the contact carrier, the shape of the slots not being limited to slots, but a significantly larger one variety of shapes allowed, which in turn enables optimization of the magnetic field formation, which is not possible with the classic cutting or cutting processes are not feasible or only with great effort.
- “Introduction” means that the second material is already introduced into the first material during the formation of the contact carrier basic shape and not afterwards, for example not by making slots in a contact carrier, which then expire with the second material .
- the first conductive material ie the material of the contact carrier base body, is copper.
- Stainless steel or another metal with a significantly lower conductivity than copper is preferably used for the material let into the slots.
- ceramics or ceramic-metal composite materials are used as the second material.
- a contact carrier according to the invention can be produced, for example, by additive manufacturing methods (3D printing), in particular by a 2-component 3D printing method.
- 3D printing is that the contact carrier, including the recesses, can be manufactured in one operation and complex slot shapes can also be realized that cannot be realized with conventional machining processes or only with great effort.
- the present invention also relates to a vacuum switch with a vacuum chamber, within which two contact elements are arranged, with at least one of the contact elements having a contact carrier according to the invention.
- the present invention also relates to a method, alternative to 3D printing, for producing a contact carrier according to the invention, which consists predominantly of a first material or composite material.
- one or more molded parts made of a second material with a lower conductivity than the first material or composite material are introduced into a powder bed or a press die.
- the molded parts that mainly determine the shape of the contact carrier are introduced into the press die and a powder or also green parts of the first material pre-pressed from powder are introduced into the remaining free spaces. Then pressure is applied in such a way that the contact carrier with the embedded or embedded moldings arises.
- the powder can also be subjected to an electric current during the pressing process.
- the voltage feed points and the electrical power fed in are preferably selected in such a way that the currents flowing through the powder are approximately evenly distributed.
- a copper powder is preferably used as the powder.
- Stainless steel is preferably chosen as the second material.
- the molded part or parts are preferably designed in such a way that, after the powder has been pressed and sintered, they form indentations in the contact carrier distributed over the circumference, which cause a magnetic field to be formed during a switching operation of the vacuum switch and thus cause an arc to move on a predetermined path.
- FIG. 3 shows the contact carrier of an AMF contact according to an embodiment of the present invention schematically in a perspective view
- Fig. 4 shows the contact carrier of an RMF contact according to an embodiment of the present invention schematically in a perspective view
- Fig. 5 shows a vacuum switch according to an embodiment of the present invention schematically in a partial sectional view.
- Fig. 3 shows a bobbin or Contact carrier 31 of an AMF contact element for a vacuum switch 100 consisting of a first conductive material or composite material f.
- the first conductive material is preferably copper.
- the representation of the contact disk has been omitted for the purpose of a clearer representation of the present invention.
- the contact disk or a contact disk area can be attached to the surface of the contact carrier 31 or, in developments of the present invention, can be formed in one piece with the contact carrier, namely on the surface of the contact element, which is later to form the separable electrical connection of the vacuum switch.
- the coil body 31 has a plurality of obliquely distributed over the circumference, in the example of FIG. 3 essentially slit-shaped indentations 33, into which a second material with lower electrical conductivity compared to the first material is embedded, in such a way that the indentations (together with the geometry of the indentations or slits of the actual, not shown in Fig. 3 Contact disk and the corresponding mating contact) cause the formation of an axial magnetic field and thus a large-area distribution of an arc that occurs on the contact disk.
- Fig. 4 shows a bobbin or Contact carrier 41 of an RMF contact element for a vacuum switch 100 consisting of a first conductive material or composite material f.
- the first conductive material is in turn preferably copper.
- the representation of the contact disk was omitted for the purpose of a clearer representation of the present invention.
- annular contact disk or an annular contact disk area can be attached to the surface of the contact carrier 41 or, in developments of the present invention, can be formed in one piece with the contact carrier, namely on the surface of the contact element, which is later to form the separable electrical connection of the vacuum switch.
- the coil body 41 has a plurality of obliquely distributed over the circumference, in the example of FIG. 4 essentially slit-shaped indentations 43, in which a second material with lower electrical conductivity compared to the first material is embedded, in such a way that the indentations (together with the geometry of the indentations or slits of the corresponding mating contact) reduce the thermal load on the contacts distributed by rotating the arc around the longitudinal axis of the arrangement on the contact discs.
- Fig. 5 shows a two-contact vacuum interrupter 100 with contact carriers 31, 41 according to the present invention.
- An RMF contact system with bobbins according to FIG. 4 shown in detail.
- AMF contacts shown in FIG. 3 or other contact forms designed in accordance with the present invention are used.
- the vacuum switch 100 has a fixed connecting disk or a fixed connection bolt zen 110 made of conductive material, preferably made of copper. This is connected to the bobbin 31, 41 of a fixed contact. A moveable contact is coplanar with the fixed contact and is carried by a moveable terminal stud 170 .
- the vacuum switch is closed by an axial movement of the movable connection bolt 170 in the direction of the fixed connection bolt 110, and the vacuum switch is opened by a movement in the opposite direction.
- the movable connecting bolt is guided in a guide 160 .
- the two contacts are arranged in a vacuum chamber 130 which is lined with a screen 140 and consists of a body 120 made of insulating material.
- a metal bellows 150 together with the guide 160, serves to seal the vacuum chamber 130 from the environment in the area where the movable connecting bolt passes through into the vacuum chamber.
- One or more molded parts preferably made of stainless steel, which will later form the indentations in the copper coil body, are placed in a matrix.
- the position of the molded parts is determined by suitable means.
- a molding can be used in which the several, in the example of FIG. 3 and figs. 4 plate-shaped recesses are connected to each other by narrow webs that do not impair the subsequent function and thus form a ring-shaped molded part that retains its shape over the subsequent filling of powder.
- molded parts which largely correspond to their final shape, but protrude somewhat beyond the later circumference of the contact element, can be used in corresponding receptacles in the matrix.
- the projecting beyond the scope material of the moldings can then in the course of be removed with final surface treatment of the contact element.
- Copper powder is poured into the gaps in the die and surrounding the molded parts and pressurized with a uniaxial pressure. Electrical current preferably flows through the sample to be sintered in a type of series connection at the same time via the press ram and the die. The resulting Joule heating of the sample or of the die leads to a very rapid heating of the sample and thus enables the ef fi cient sintering of the material.
- the die can have an inner, cylindrical body around which the bobbin 31, 41 is at least partially formed.
- the complete contact element can be produced using the sintering process by using a first powdery mixture comprising particles of a first conductive material and particles of the second conductive material or a first pre-pressed, disk-shaped green body consisting of a composite of at least first and the second conductive material is introduced into a press die.
- An inner ram is introduced into the die and the molded parts (as already described) are placed in a space between the die and the inner ram and a second powder of the first conductive material or a second powder-like mixture containing particles of the first conductive material or a second pre-pressed green body comprising the first conductive material is introduced.
- An outer ram is placed in the space between the die and the inner ram.
- a contact carrier or a contact element is available whose surfaces still have to be processed depending on the quality to be achieved, for example by polishing, for example in order to achieve a contact surface that is as flat as possible and free of grooves.
- polishing for example in order to achieve a contact surface that is as flat as possible and free of grooves.
- the sintered coil body or the sintered contact element is very near net shape, d. H . there is very little waste material in the final processing.
- the coil former from a composite material by adding a suitable powder mixture of copper and another material that exceeds the strength of copper in the sintered state instead of pure copper powder. This can also be done locally, i . H . for example in areas of the coil former that are exposed to particular mechanical and/or electrical loads, such as the joints between the contact and the connection bolt.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021210646.3A DE102021210646A1 (de) | 2021-09-23 | 2021-09-23 | Kontaktträger für Vakuumschalter, Vakuumschalter sowie Herstellungsverfahren für einen Kontaktträger |
| PCT/EP2022/074414 WO2023046438A1 (de) | 2021-09-23 | 2022-09-02 | Kontaktträger für vakuumschalter, vakuumschalter sowie herstellungsverfahren für einen kontaktträger |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4367705A1 true EP4367705A1 (de) | 2024-05-15 |
| EP4367705B1 EP4367705B1 (de) | 2026-02-04 |
Family
ID=83362516
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22773166.8A Active EP4367705B1 (de) | 2021-09-23 | 2022-09-02 | Kontaktträger für vakuumschalter, vakuumschalter sowie herstellungsverfahren für einen kontaktträger |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240379309A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4367705B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117981031A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021210646A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023046438A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3150168C2 (de) * | 1981-12-18 | 1990-03-29 | Sachsenwerk, Licht- und Kraft-AG, 8000 München | Elektrischer Vakuum-Schalter |
| DE3302595A1 (de) | 1983-01-27 | 1984-08-02 | Calor-Emag Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen | Kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter |
| JPH01502546A (ja) * | 1986-03-26 | 1989-08-31 | シーメンス、アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 軸方向磁界を伴なう真空遮断器の接触子装置 |
| DE102017214805A1 (de) | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Strombegrenzung mit einem Vakuumschalter |
| DE102018201301A1 (de) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kontaktbauteils sowie Kontaktbauteil, Vakuumschaltröhre und Schaltanlage |
| DE102019216869B4 (de) | 2019-10-31 | 2023-02-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kontaktbolzen zum Abschirmen und Halten einer Kontaktscheibe, Vakuum-Schaltelement aufweisend eine Kontaktscheibe und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kontaktbolzens |
-
2021
- 2021-09-23 DE DE102021210646.3A patent/DE102021210646A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-09-02 WO PCT/EP2022/074414 patent/WO2023046438A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-09-02 CN CN202280064378.0A patent/CN117981031A/zh active Pending
- 2022-09-02 US US18/691,953 patent/US20240379309A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-02 EP EP22773166.8A patent/EP4367705B1/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021210646A1 (de) | 2023-03-23 |
| US20240379309A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
| EP4367705B1 (de) | 2026-02-04 |
| WO2023046438A1 (de) | 2023-03-30 |
| CN117981031A (zh) | 2024-05-03 |
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