EP4366541A2 - Feed pellet for animals, more particularly livestock, use, and method for producing a feed pellet - Google Patents

Feed pellet for animals, more particularly livestock, use, and method for producing a feed pellet

Info

Publication number
EP4366541A2
EP4366541A2 EP22754290.9A EP22754290A EP4366541A2 EP 4366541 A2 EP4366541 A2 EP 4366541A2 EP 22754290 A EP22754290 A EP 22754290A EP 4366541 A2 EP4366541 A2 EP 4366541A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
fat
microorganisms
triglyceride
feed pellet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22754290.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Markus Lepper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Josera & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Josera & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Josera & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Josera & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP4366541A2 publication Critical patent/EP4366541A2/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/20—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for horses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs

Definitions

  • Feed pellets for animals, in particular farm animals, a use and a method for producing a feed ter mitte I pe I lets
  • the invention relates to a feed pellet for animals, in particular farm animals, in particular ruminants, according to the preamble of claim 1, a use according to the preamble of claim 9 and a manufacturing method for a feed pellet according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • probiotics in monogastric animals and live yeast in particular to maintain health in ruminants.
  • live yeast is dried yeast in which life is put into a kind of stasis. By adding water, the metabolism of the cell starts working again.
  • live yeast is sensitive and can be affected by even simple processing methods. Mechanical processes, thermal processes and moisture can kill the dormant yeast. Therefore, such yeast is traditionally used in powder mixtures.
  • Various attempts to incorporate yeast into pellets as a dosage form in feed systems have failed, especially since high losses of live yeast organisms had to be expected, even if special, particularly resistant yeast formulations were developed for this purpose.
  • the object is achieved by a feed pellet for animals, in particular farm animals, in particular ruminants, in which microorganisms, in particular dried and/or dry-stabilised ones, are included, in particular live yeasts which are introduced into a fat base, the fat base being in the form of solid fat and/or Fat powder premixed with the microorganisms and to be formed into pellets below the melting point of the fat base, the fat base comprising: individually or as mixtures: mono- and/or diglycerides and/or triglyceride, in particular triglyceride-decomposition agent mixture, fat-emulsifier mixtures and/or or fatty acids which have an at least partially soluble, in particular polar structure, which are formed in liquid polar solvents, in particular water and/or water mixtures, at least partially decomposing into smaller units comprising fat, in particular fatty acids, and/or processing-sensitive microorganisms, in particularly dissolving in the polar solvent, particularly water, and releasing viable microorganisms.
  • Microorganisms which are sensitive to processing are provided by the feed pellet according to the invention for dissolution in the rumen.
  • the proposal according to the invention allows release via a decomposition process, special fats with a polar structure, in particular in a minute process.
  • the shelf life in particular 6 months, since the fat base used also acts against moisture attack.
  • the processing operation can nevertheless greatly reduce the volume of the premix, especially in powder or solid form, and the same amount of feed requires less storage and transport volume.
  • the rumen is supplied with valuable microorganisms, especially living yeast.
  • the loss of microorganisms in particular loss of living yeast, could only be reduced to 0 by the implementation according to the invention with the addition of the illustrated fat base in the recipe, with a fat and pellet formulation which decomposes in water. As the fat percentage increases, so does the survival rate. At around 57% fat basis, there were almost no losses of live yeast, reproduced and also after storage. When trying to find about 20-57% fat in the pellet, the losses were reduced from 50% to 0%. This led to the invention of the following process, in which microorganisms and here specifically the live yeast survive the pelleting process 100%.
  • the addition of fat components in particular monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, fatty acids etc.
  • the pellet base is composed according to the invention in such a way that it disintegrates in the rumen after a short time and the microorganisms are released. It is therefore advantageously possible to pellet living microorganisms with a high/full survival rate in a simple manner.
  • Fatty acids can advantageously be used, in particular aliphatic carbon chains, in particular with a carbon chain length of C14-C22, with a terminal carboxylic acid group as a polar head, which break down into micelle units.
  • microorganisms that are sensitive to processing are: dried and/or dry, stabilized microorganisms, including in particular live yeasts and/or bacteria and/or phages and/or viruses, which in particular can be prevented from entering the stomach, in particular from the rumen, from decomposition and/or or degradation are to be protected, in particular processing-sensitive microorganisms about 1 - 60% by weight, in particular about 1 - 50% by weight, in particular about 1-47% by weight, in particular about 1-10% by weight, in particular yeasts with about 1-80%, in particular 10-70%, in particular 5-45%, in particular 32%-43% and/or phages/viruses with about 0.001% - 10%.
  • processing-sensitive microorganisms about 1 - 60% by weight, in particular about 1 - 50% by weight, in particular about 1-47% by weight, in particular about 1-10% by weight, in particular yeasts with about 1-80%, in particular 10-70%, in particular 5-45%, in particular 32%-43% and/or phages/virus
  • the fat-emulsifier mixture comprises polyoxyethylene fatty glycerides, in particular glycerol-polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, and/or sorbitan fatty acid esters and/or polysorbate and/or polyglycerol esters of edible acids and/or triglycerides, in particular triglyceride-protein mixture, in particular whey concentrate.
  • Triglyceride mixture in particular comprising rapeseed fat, in particular by spray production, comprising drying and cooling.
  • the fat base has: fatty acids from the range of carbon chains from C12 to C22 and/or waxes to control decomposition and/or lecithins to increase decomposition, in particular having a fatty acid content of about 5-99%, 5 -90%, 10-80%, 20-60%, 30-50%, 30% to 40%, especially more than about 15%, especially more than about 20%, especially more than about 40%, especially about 50-70% of the total weight, in particular the fat base at about 30-60%, in particular 40-60% of the total weight and live yeast, in particular 5- 40% of the total weight, and/or disintegration accelerators 4-20% of the total weight and/or Active ingredients or in particular the fat base at around 40-70% and/or the saccharose decay accelerator at around 5-20% and/or live yeast at around 10-40% of the total weight or in particular the fat base at around 57% and/or live yeast at around 5 -32% of the total weight and 11% residues of the total weight.
  • the melting point of the fatty acids and/or fat mixture is from about 38°C to about 80°C, in particular greater than 40°C, in particular about 50-75°C, with use below the melting point, in particular below 57°C, especially below 50°C.
  • disintegration accelerators which promote the disintegration of the shaped particles, in particular bulking agents, in particular sugar and/or sugar beet pulp and/or bran and/or starches and/or mono- and/or disaccharides and/or polysaccharides and/or or acids and/or bicarbonate and/or proteins, in particular whey concentrate triglyceride mixture.
  • a mixture comprising triglyceride and decomposition accelerators, in particular sugar and/or comminuted sugar beet pulp, is used as a swelling agent, which swells on contact with water, produces microcracks in the pellet and thus accelerates the penetration of water and thus initiates the decomposition process.
  • the proportion of comminuted sugar beet pulp is about 5% to about 30% with about 40% live yeast and/or sugar.
  • the fat content of triglycerides is around 20% - more than 90%, with various application targets and probiotics, together with around 5 to around 70% decomposition accelerators/swelling agents, the higher the higher the fat content. Palm oil can therefore advantageously be dispensed with.
  • the proportion of live yeast is about 40% and the proportion of triglycerides is about 40% with about 15% crushed sugar beet pulp, in particular ground, and about 5% sugar.
  • Rapeseed fat with a melting point of about 70°C in particular fully hardened, and/or other partially hardened, hardened or fractionated triglycerides, in particular soybean fat and/or sunflower fat with a melting point of about 50-75°C, is used as the triglyceride.
  • a whey concentrate-fat mixture can advantageously be used as a triglyceride mixture with a melting point above about 38° C., in particular with about 30% to about 70% whey concentrate-fat mixture, in particular about 50% triglyceride fat mixture, 35% whey sugar, about 5.5% whey protein and optionally some emulsifier.
  • aqueous whey, fat and emulsifier can be emulsified, dried in a spray tower, cooled and then solidified into powder.
  • Active ingredients including vitamins and/or trace elements and/or amino acids and/or vital substances and/or active ingredients with an unpleasant taste are provided, in particular 1-50%, in particular 5-40% %, in particular 10-30%, in particular 10-20% of the total weight.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for producing a feed pellet comprising microorganisms, in particular dried and/or dry-stabilized ones, according to one of claims 1 to 8, by mechanical kneading and compacting of solid fat and/or fat powder with incorporation of the microorganisms, in particular Pressing and/or compacting, into pellet shapes, in particular rods, in particular with a diameter of about 0.5-10 mm, in particular 0.5-2 mm, in particular 1-2 mm, and/or a length of about 0.5-30 mm, in particular with a round and/or square and/or oval and/or polygonal cross-section, the fat component being designed to decompose in polar solvents, in particular water, and releasing viable microorganisms.
  • the object is also achieved by using solid fat and/or fat base powder, namely mono- and/or diglycerides and/or triglyceride, in particular triglyceride/decomposition accelerator mixture, and/or fatty acids, which at least partially have a polar structure, which is dissolved in water and/or or water mixtures break down at least partially into smaller units comprising fat, in particular fatty acids, and/or active substance, in particular dissolving in water and releasing active substances, in particular viable microorganisms, for mechanical compacting into pellets with processing-sensitive microorganisms for animals, in particular farm animals, in particular horses, Poultry, fish and/or ruminant feed for dissolving in the rumen, in particular using a mechanical method according to claims 9 to 10, as a feed pellet, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising at least processing-sensitive microorganisms organisms, in particular dried and/or dry, stabilized microorganisms, which are to be released in the rumen, including in particular

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed pellet for animals, more particularly livestock, more particularly ruminants, wherein microorganisms, more particularly dried and/or dry-stabilized microorganisms, are comprised, more particularly active yeasts which are introduced into a fat base. The fat base, in the form of solid fat and/or fat powder, is premixed with the microorganisms and is to be formed into pellets below the melting point of the fat base. The fat base comprises, individually or as mixtures: mono- and/or diglycerides and/or triglyceride, more particularly triglyceride-disintegration accelerator mixture, and/or fat-emulsifier mixtures and/or fatty acids which have an at least partially dissolvable, more particularly polar, structure and which are designed to disintegrate in liquid polar solvents, more particularly water and/or water mixtures, at least partially into smaller units comprising fat, more particularly fatty acids, and/or processing-sensitive microorganisms, more particularly dissolving in the polar solvent, more particularly water, and releasing microorganisms such that the microorganisms are viable.

Description

Futtermittelpellet für Tiere, insbesondere Nutztiere, eine Verwendung und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Fut- te rm itte I pe I lets Feed pellets for animals, in particular farm animals, a use and a method for producing a feed ter mitte I pe I lets
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Futtermittelpellet für Tiere, insbesondere Nutztiere, insbe sondere Wiederkäuer nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1, eine Verwendung nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 9 und ein Herstellungsverfahren für ein Futtermittel pellet nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 11. The invention relates to a feed pellet for animals, in particular farm animals, in particular ruminants, according to the preamble of claim 1, a use according to the preamble of claim 9 and a manufacturing method for a feed pellet according to the preamble of claim 11.
Bekannt ist es, beim Monogaster Probiotika und beim Wiederkäuer insbesondere Lebendhefe zur Gesunderhaltung einzusetzen. Die sind speziell getrocknete Mikroorganismen, welche mit Feuchtigkeit rehydrieren und deren Stoffwechsel wieder an läuft. Lebendhefe ist getrocknete Hefe, bei der das Leben in eine Art Stase versetzt wird. Durch Zusatz von Wasser beginnt der Stoffwechsel der Zelle wieder zu arbei ten. In dem getrockneten Stase-Zustand ist Lebendhefe empfindlich und kann bereits durch einfache Verarbeitungsverfahren beeinträchtigt werden. Mechanische Prozes se, thermische Prozesse und Feuchtigkeit können die ruhende Hefe abtöten. Daher wird eine solche Hefe traditionell in Pulvermischungen eingesetzt. Diverse Versuche, bei Futtersystemen Hefe in Pellets als Darreichungsform mit einzuarbeiten, sind fehl geschlagen, insbesondere da man mit hohen Verlusten an Lebendhefeorganismen rechnen musste, selbst wenn dazu spezielle, besonders widerstandsfähige Hefefor mulierungen entwickelt wurden. It is known to use probiotics in monogastric animals and live yeast in particular to maintain health in ruminants. These are specially dried microorganisms that rehydrate with moisture and their metabolism starts up again. Live yeast is dried yeast in which life is put into a kind of stasis. By adding water, the metabolism of the cell starts working again. In the dried stasis state, live yeast is sensitive and can be affected by even simple processing methods. Mechanical processes, thermal processes and moisture can kill the dormant yeast. Therefore, such yeast is traditionally used in powder mixtures. Various attempts to incorporate yeast into pellets as a dosage form in feed systems have failed, especially since high losses of live yeast organisms had to be expected, even if special, particularly resistant yeast formulations were developed for this purpose.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein einfaches und sicheres Futtermittelpellets für Tiere, insbesondere Nutztiere, insbesondere Wiederkäuer bereitzu stellen, bei dem Mikroorganismen, speziell Lebendhefe, geschützt ist. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a simple and safe feedstuff pellet for animals, in particular livestock, in particular ruminants, in which microorganisms, specifically live yeast, are protected.
Bestätigungskopie Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Futtermittelpellet für Tiere, insbesondere Nutztiere, insbesondere Wiederkäuer, wobei Mikroorganismen, insbesondere getrocknete und/oder trocken stabilisierte, umfasst sind, insbesondere Lebendhefen, die in eine Fettbasis eingebracht sind, wobei die Fettbasis in Form von Festfett und/oder Fettpulver mit den Mikroorganismen vorgemischt und unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Fettbasis zu Pellets zu formen ist, wobei die Fettbasis umfasst: einzeln oder als Mi schungen: Mono- und/oder Diglyceride und/oder Triglycerid, insbesondere Triglyce rid-Zerfallsbeschleunigermittelmischung, Fett-Emulgatormischungen und/oder Fettsäuren, welche eine zumindest teilweise auflösbare, insbesondere polare Struktur, aufweisen, die in flüssigen polaren Lösungsmitteln, insbesondere Wasser und/oder Wassermischungen, zumindest teilweise in kleinere Einheiten umfassend Fett, insbesondere Fettsäuren, und/oder verarbeitungsempfindliche Mikroorganismen zerfal lend ausgebildet sind, insbesondere sich in dem polaren Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Wasser, auflösend und Mikroorganismen lebensfähig freisetzend. confirmation copy The object is achieved by a feed pellet for animals, in particular farm animals, in particular ruminants, in which microorganisms, in particular dried and/or dry-stabilised ones, are included, in particular live yeasts which are introduced into a fat base, the fat base being in the form of solid fat and/or Fat powder premixed with the microorganisms and to be formed into pellets below the melting point of the fat base, the fat base comprising: individually or as mixtures: mono- and/or diglycerides and/or triglyceride, in particular triglyceride-decomposition agent mixture, fat-emulsifier mixtures and/or or fatty acids which have an at least partially soluble, in particular polar structure, which are formed in liquid polar solvents, in particular water and/or water mixtures, at least partially decomposing into smaller units comprising fat, in particular fatty acids, and/or processing-sensitive microorganisms, in particularly dissolving in the polar solvent, particularly water, and releasing viable microorganisms.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Futtermittelpellet werden verarbeitungsempfindliche Mikroorganismen für die Auflösung im Pansen bereitgestellt. Beim Wiederkäuer erfolgt normalerweise keine Fettverdauung im Pansen, über den erfindungsgemäßen Vorschlag kann eine Freisetzung über einen Zerfallsvorgang, spezielle Fette mit polarer Struktur erfolgen, insbesondere in einem Minutenvorgang. Weiterhin erfolgt eine Verbesserung der Lagerfähigkeit, insbesondere 6 Monate, da die eingesetzte Fett basis zugleich gegen Feuchtigkeitsangriff wirkt. Durch den Verarbeitungsvorgang kann trotzdem das Volumen der Vormischung, insbesondere pulvrig oder fest, stark reduziert werden und die gleiche Futtermenge benötigt weniger Lager- und Trans portvolumen benötigt. Zugleich wird der Pansen mit wertvollen Mikroorganismen, insbesondere Lebenshefe, versorgt. Viele landwirtschaftliche Betriebe sind speziell auf die Verfütterung von Futter in Pelletform eingerichtet, insbesondere in der leistungsorientierten Landwirtschaft, die primär technisch auf Pellets ausgelegt sind. Weiterhin wird durch den Pelletierprozess Futter im Stand der Technik mehr oder weniger stark hygienisiert, was durch die vorgeschlagene Erfindung zumindest in Bezug auf die eingesetzten Mikroorganismen in einfacher und gut zu steuernder Weise verhindert wird. Durch den Kontakt mit Wasser zerfällt die Fettstruktur und die Hefe, aber auch andere Wirkstoffe, werden frei gesetzt. In der getesteten Rezeptur hatten wir auch Zucker um den Zerfallsprozess zu beschleunigen. Unter normalen Umgebungsbedingungen nach dem Stand der Technik ergaben sich Verluste von 90-99,9% bei überlebender Hefe. Erst durch die erfindungsgemäße Umsetzung mit dem Zusatz der dargestellten Fettbasis in der Rezeptur, mit einer Fett- und Pellet formulierung, welche in Wasser zerfällt, konnte der Verlust von Mikroorganismen, insbesondere Lebendhefeverlust, bis auf 0 heruntergefahren werden. Mit steigendem Fettanteil steigt auch die Überlebensrate. Bei etwa 57% Fettbasis ergaben sich nahezu keine Verluste an Lebendhefe, reproduziert und auch nach Lagerung. Bei Ver suchen von etwa 20-57% Fett im Pellet reduzierten sich die Verluste von 50% bis auf 0%. Dies führte zur Erfindung des folgenden Verfahrens, bei dem Mikroorganismen und hier speziell die Lebendhefe zu 100% den Pelletierprozess überleben. Der Zu satz von Fettkomponenten, insbesondere Mono-, Diglyceride, Triglycerid, Fettsäuren etc. ermöglicht das vollständige Überleben der Mikroorganismen im Pelletierprozess. Es sind unterschiedliche Mikroorganismenkonzentration möglich, insbesondere sehr hoch dosiert, so dass das resultierende Futtermittelpellet nur zu einem bestimmten Prozentsatz in der Futtermischung zugesetzt werden muss. Vorteilhaft können somit konzentriert größere Mengen lebender Mikroorganismen intakt im Pansen freigesetzt werden, um dort positiv zu wirken. Dazu wird die Pelletbasis erfindungsgemäß so zusammengesetzt, das diese nach kurzer Zeit im Pansen zerfällt und die Mikroorganismen freisetzt. Vorteilhaft ist es somit möglich, auf einfache Weise lebende Mikro organismen mit hoher / voller Überlebensrate zu pelletieren. Verwendet werden kön nen vorteilhaft Fettsäuren, insbesondere aliphatische Kohlenstoffketten, insbesondere mit einer Kohlenstoffkettenlänge C14-C22, mit einer endständigen Carbonsäuregruppe als polarem Kopf, die zu Mizelleneinheiten zerfallen. Microorganisms which are sensitive to processing are provided by the feed pellet according to the invention for dissolution in the rumen. In ruminants, there is normally no fat digestion in the rumen; the proposal according to the invention allows release via a decomposition process, special fats with a polar structure, in particular in a minute process. Furthermore, there is an improvement in the shelf life, in particular 6 months, since the fat base used also acts against moisture attack. The processing operation can nevertheless greatly reduce the volume of the premix, especially in powder or solid form, and the same amount of feed requires less storage and transport volume. At the same time, the rumen is supplied with valuable microorganisms, especially living yeast. Many farms are specially equipped to feed feed in pellet form, especially in performance-oriented agriculture, which is primarily technically designed for pellets. Furthermore, the pelleting process in the prior art sanitizes feed to a greater or lesser extent, which is prevented by the proposed invention in a simple and easily controllable manner, at least in relation to the microorganisms used. Through contact with water, the fat structure breaks down and the Yeast, but also other active ingredients, are released. In the tested recipe we also had sugar to speed up the decomposition process. Under normal prior art environmental conditions, losses of 90-99.9% of surviving yeast resulted. The loss of microorganisms, in particular loss of living yeast, could only be reduced to 0 by the implementation according to the invention with the addition of the illustrated fat base in the recipe, with a fat and pellet formulation which decomposes in water. As the fat percentage increases, so does the survival rate. At around 57% fat basis, there were almost no losses of live yeast, reproduced and also after storage. When trying to find about 20-57% fat in the pellet, the losses were reduced from 50% to 0%. This led to the invention of the following process, in which microorganisms and here specifically the live yeast survive the pelleting process 100%. The addition of fat components, in particular monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, fatty acids etc. enables the microorganisms to survive completely in the pelleting process. Different concentrations of microorganisms are possible, in particular very high doses, so that the resulting feed pellet only has to be added to the feed mixture at a certain percentage. Advantageously, larger amounts of living microorganisms can be released intact in the rumen in order to have a positive effect there. For this purpose, the pellet base is composed according to the invention in such a way that it disintegrates in the rumen after a short time and the microorganisms are released. It is therefore advantageously possible to pellet living microorganisms with a high/full survival rate in a simple manner. Fatty acids can advantageously be used, in particular aliphatic carbon chains, in particular with a carbon chain length of C14-C22, with a terminal carboxylic acid group as a polar head, which break down into micelle units.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn als verarbeitungsempfindliche Mikroorganismen vorgesehen sind: getrocknete und/oder trockene, stabilisierte Mikroorganismen, umfassend ins besondere Lebendhefen und/oder Bakterien und/oder Phagen und/oder Viren, die insbesondere vor dem Mageneintritt, insbesondere Panseneintritt, vor Zersetzung und/oder Abbau zu schützen sind, insbesondere verarbeitungsempfindliche Mikroorganismen etwa 1 - 60 Gewichts%, insbesondere etwa 1 - 50 Gewichts%, insbeson- dere etwa 1-47 Gewichts%, insbesondere etwa 1 - 10 Gewichts% beträgt, insbesondere Hefen mit etwa 1-80%, insbesondere 10-70%, insbesondere 5-45%, insbesondere 32%-43% und/oder Phagen/Viren mit etwa 0,001% - 10%. It is advantageous if the microorganisms that are sensitive to processing are: dried and/or dry, stabilized microorganisms, including in particular live yeasts and/or bacteria and/or phages and/or viruses, which in particular can be prevented from entering the stomach, in particular from the rumen, from decomposition and/or or degradation are to be protected, in particular processing-sensitive microorganisms about 1 - 60% by weight, in particular about 1 - 50% by weight, in particular about 1-47% by weight, in particular about 1-10% by weight, in particular yeasts with about 1-80%, in particular 10-70%, in particular 5-45%, in particular 32%-43% and/or phages/viruses with about 0.001% - 10%.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Fett-Emulgatormischung umfasst Polyoxyethylen- Fettglyceride, insbesondere Glycerin-Polyethylenglykolricinoleat, und/oder Sorbitan- fettsäureester und/oder Polysorbat und/oder Polyglycerinester von Speisesäuren und/oder Triglyceride, insbesondere Triglycerid-Proteinmischung, insbesondere Mol- kekonzentrat-Triglyceridmischung, insbesondere umfassend Rapsfett, insbesondere durch Sprühherstellung umfassend Trocknung und Kühlung. It is advantageous if the fat-emulsifier mixture comprises polyoxyethylene fatty glycerides, in particular glycerol-polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, and/or sorbitan fatty acid esters and/or polysorbate and/or polyglycerol esters of edible acids and/or triglycerides, in particular triglyceride-protein mixture, in particular whey concentrate. Triglyceride mixture, in particular comprising rapeseed fat, in particular by spray production, comprising drying and cooling.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Fettbasis aufweist: Fettsäuren aus dem Bereich der Koh lenstoffketten von C12 bis C22 aufweisen und/oder Wachse zur Steuerung des Zerfalls und/oder Lecithine zur Verstärkung des Zerfalls, insbesondere aufweisend einen Fettsäureanteil von etwa 5-99%, 5-90%, 10-80%, 20-60%, 30-50%, 30% bis 40%, insbesondere von mehr als etwa 15%, insbesondere mehr als etwa 20%, insbeson dere mehr als etwa 40 %, insbesondere etwa 50 - 70% am Gesamtgewicht, insbesondere die Fettbasis zu etwa 30-60%, insbesondere 40-60%, am Gesamtgewicht und Lebendhefe, insbesondere 5- 40% am Gesamtgewicht, und/oder Zerfalls beschleuniger 4-20% am Gesamtgewicht und/oder Wirkstoffe oder insbesondere die Fettbasis zu etwa 40-70% und/oder Zerfallsbeschleuniger Saccha rose zu etwa 5-20% und/oder Lebendhefe zu etwa 10-40% am Gesamtgewicht oder insbesondere die Fettbasis zu etwa 57% und/oder Lebendhefe zu etwa 5-32% am Gesamtgewicht und 11 % Reststoffe am Gesamtgewicht. It is advantageous if the fat base has: fatty acids from the range of carbon chains from C12 to C22 and/or waxes to control decomposition and/or lecithins to increase decomposition, in particular having a fatty acid content of about 5-99%, 5 -90%, 10-80%, 20-60%, 30-50%, 30% to 40%, especially more than about 15%, especially more than about 20%, especially more than about 40%, especially about 50-70% of the total weight, in particular the fat base at about 30-60%, in particular 40-60% of the total weight and live yeast, in particular 5- 40% of the total weight, and/or disintegration accelerators 4-20% of the total weight and/or Active ingredients or in particular the fat base at around 40-70% and/or the saccharose decay accelerator at around 5-20% and/or live yeast at around 10-40% of the total weight or in particular the fat base at around 57% and/or live yeast at around 5 -32% of the total weight and 11% residues of the total weight.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn ein Schmelzpunkt der Fettsäuren und/oder Fettmischung von etwa 38°C bis etwa 80°C beträgt, insbesondere größer als 40°C, insbesondere etwa 50 - 75°C, wobei der Einsatz unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes vorzunehmen ist, insbesondere unter 57°C, insbesondere unter 50°C. It is advantageous if the melting point of the fatty acids and/or fat mixture is from about 38°C to about 80°C, in particular greater than 40°C, in particular about 50-75°C, with use below the melting point, in particular below 57°C, especially below 50°C.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn für die Fettbasis eine Auswahl aus folgenden Fettsäuren, insbesondere als Fettsäurenkombination, vorgesehen ist: Linolsäure und/oder Alpha- Linolensäure und/oder Gamma-Linolensäure und/oder Calendulasäure und/oder A- rachidonsäure und/oder Docosadiensäure und/oder Docosapentaensäure und/oder Docosahexansäure und/oder Dodecansäure, insbesondere Laurinsäure, und/oder Tridecansäure und/oder Tetradecansäure, insbesondere Myristinsäure, und/oder Pentadecansäure und/oder Hexadecansäure, insbesondere Palmitinsäure, und/oder Heptadecansäure, insbesondere Margarinsäure, und/oder Octadecansäure, insbesondere Stearinsäure, und/oder Nonadecansäure und/oder Eicosan-/lcosansäure, insbesondere Arachinsäure, und/oder Heneiconsäure und/oder Docosansäure, ins besondere Behensäure, und/oder Heracosansäure, insbesondere Cerotinsäure, Tri- acontansäure, insbesondere Melissinsäure, Undecylensäure, Palmitileinsäure, Mar- garoleinsäure und/oder Petroselinsäure und/oder Ölsäure und/oder Elaidinsäure und/oder Vaccensäure und/oder Gondosäure und/oder Erucasäure, insbesondere in Kombination Palmitinsäure 45% und Stearinsäure 45% und Ölsäure 5% mit Restfet ten. It is advantageous if a selection from the following fatty acids, in particular as a fatty acid combination, is provided for the fat base: linoleic acid and/or alpha-linolenic acid and/or gamma-linolenic acid and/or calendula acid and/or A- rachidonic acid and/or docosadienoic acid and/or docosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexanoic acid and/or dodecanoic acid, especially lauric acid, and/or tridecanoic acid and/or tetradecanoic acid, especially myristic acid, and/or pentadecanoic acid and/or hexadecanoic acid, especially palmitic acid, and/or heptadecanoic acid, especially margaric acid and/or octadecanoic acid, especially stearic acid, and/or nonadecanoic acid and/or eicosanoic/lcosanoic acid, especially arachidic acid, and/or heneiconic acid and/or docosanoic acid, especially behenic acid, and/or heracosanoic acid, especially cerotic acid, triacontanoic acid , in particular melissic acid, undecylenic acid, palmitic acid, margaroleic acid and/or petroselinic acid and/or oleic acid and/or elaidic acid and/or vaccenic acid and/or gondoic acid and/or erucic acid, in particular in combination with 45% palmitic acid and 45% stearic acid and 5% oleic acid with residual fats.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn weiterhin Zerfallsbeschleuniger vorgesehen sind, die den Zer fall der Formpartikel fördern, insbesondere Quellstoffe, insbesondere Zucker und/oder Zuckerrübenschnitzel und/oder Kleien und/oder Stärken und/oder Mono- und/oder Disaccharide und/oder Polysaccharide und/oder Säuren und/oder Bicarbo- nat und/oder Proteine, insbesondere Molkenkonzentrat-Triglyceridmischung. It is advantageous if disintegration accelerators are also provided, which promote the disintegration of the shaped particles, in particular bulking agents, in particular sugar and/or sugar beet pulp and/or bran and/or starches and/or mono- and/or disaccharides and/or polysaccharides and/or or acids and/or bicarbonate and/or proteins, in particular whey concentrate triglyceride mixture.
Beispielhaft vorteilhaft wird verwendet eine Mischung umfassend Triglycerid und Zer fallsbeschleunigermittel, insbesondere Zucker und/oder zerkleinerte Zuckerrübenschnitzel als Quellstoff, der bei Wasserkontakt aufquillt, Mikrorisse im Pellet erzeugt und somit das Vordringen von Wasser beschleunigt und damit den Zerfallsprozeß einleitet. A mixture comprising triglyceride and decomposition accelerators, in particular sugar and/or comminuted sugar beet pulp, is used as a swelling agent, which swells on contact with water, produces microcracks in the pellet and thus accelerates the penetration of water and thus initiates the decomposition process.
Beispielhaft liegt der Anteil zerkleinerte Zuckerrübenschnitzel bei etwa 5% bis etwa 30% bei etwa 40% Lebendhefe und/oder Zucker. Beispielhaft liegt der Fettgehalt an Triglycerid bei etwa 20% - mehr als 90%, bei verschiedenen Einsatzzielen und Pro- biotika, zusammen mit etwa 5 bis etwa 70% Zerfallsbescheuniger / Quellmittel, umso mehr, je höher der Fettgehalt. Vorteilhaft kann somit auf Palmöl verzichtet werden. Beispielhaft liegt der Anteil Lebendhefe bei etwa 40% und der Anteil Triglyceride bei etwa 40% mit etwa 15% Zuckerrübenschnitzel zerkleinert, insbesondere gemahlen, und etwa 5% Zucker. For example, the proportion of comminuted sugar beet pulp is about 5% to about 30% with about 40% live yeast and/or sugar. For example, the fat content of triglycerides is around 20% - more than 90%, with various application targets and probiotics, together with around 5 to around 70% decomposition accelerators/swelling agents, the higher the higher the fat content. Palm oil can therefore advantageously be dispensed with. For example, the proportion of live yeast is about 40% and the proportion of triglycerides is about 40% with about 15% crushed sugar beet pulp, in particular ground, and about 5% sugar.
Als Triglycerid wird beispielshaft Rapsfett verwendet mit einem Schmelzpunkt von etwa 70°C, insbesondere voll durchgehärtet, und/oder weitere teilgehärtete, durch gehärtete oder fraktionierte Triglyceride insbesondere Sojafett und/oder Sonnenblumenfett mit einem Schmelzpunkt von etwa 50-75°C. Rapeseed fat with a melting point of about 70°C, in particular fully hardened, and/or other partially hardened, hardened or fractionated triglycerides, in particular soybean fat and/or sunflower fat with a melting point of about 50-75°C, is used as the triglyceride.
Beispielhaft kann vorteilhaft als Triglyceridmischung mit einem Schmelzpunkt ober halb etwa 38 °C ein Molkekonzentrat-Fettmischung eingesetzt werden, insbesondere mit etwa 30% bis etwa 70 % Molkekonzentrat-Fettmischung, insbesondere etwa 50% Triglceridfettmischung, 35% Molkezucker, etwa 5,5 % Molkeeiweiß und optional et was Emulgator. Zur Herstellung kann wässrige Molke, Fett und Emulgator emulgiert werden, in einem Sprühturm getrocknet, gekühlt und dann zu Pulver erstarrt werden. For example, a whey concentrate-fat mixture can advantageously be used as a triglyceride mixture with a melting point above about 38° C., in particular with about 30% to about 70% whey concentrate-fat mixture, in particular about 50% triglyceride fat mixture, 35% whey sugar, about 5.5% whey protein and optionally some emulsifier. For production, aqueous whey, fat and emulsifier can be emulsified, dried in a spray tower, cooled and then solidified into powder.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn in einem Pellet weiterhin vorgesehen sind: Wirkstoffe, umfassend Vitamine und/oder Spurenelemente und/oder Aminosäuren und/oder Vital stoffe und/oder Wirkstoffe mit einem unangenehmen Geschmack vorgesehen sind, insbesondere 1-50%, insbesondere 5-40%, insbesondere 10-30%, insbesondere 10- 20% Anteil am Gesamtgewicht. It is advantageous if the following are also provided in a pellet: Active ingredients, including vitamins and/or trace elements and/or amino acids and/or vital substances and/or active ingredients with an unpleasant taste are provided, in particular 1-50%, in particular 5-40% %, in particular 10-30%, in particular 10-20% of the total weight.
Die Aufgabe wird ebenfalls gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Futtermittelpellets umfassend Mikroorganismen, insbesondere getrocknete und/oder tro cken stabilisierte, nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, durch mechanisches Kneten und Verdichten von Festfett und/oder Fettpulver unter Einarbeitung der Mikroorganis men, insbesondere Pressen und/oder Kompaktieren, zu Pelletformen, insbesondere Stäbchen, insbesondere mit etwa 0,5-10 mm, insbesondere 0,5 - 2 mm, insbesondere 1 - 2 mm, Durchmesser und/oder einer Länge von etwa 0,5 - 30mm, insbesondere mit rundem und/oder viereckigem und/oder ovalem und/oder vieleckigem Querschnitt, wobei die Fettkomponente in polaren Lösungsmitteln, insbesondere Wasser, zerfallend ausgebildet ist und Mikroorganismen lebensfähig freisetzend. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn als Parameter beim Pressen eines Pellets insbesondere eingestellt werden: eine Ausgangstemperatur der Fettbasis unterhalb eines Schmelz punktes des Fettes, insbesondere Festfett und/oder Fettpulver und/oder von Zusatzstoffen und/oder Verweilzeit in der Verarbeitung, insbesondere Presse und/oder Kompaktifizierer und/oder Matrize, und/oder Zuschläge für eine Strukturbildung und/oder Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Fettes und der Wirkstoffe, und/oder Geometrie von gepressten Teilchen, wobei insbesondere eine Verarbeitungstemperatur während und/oder nach dem Pressen unterhalb des Schmelzpunkts liegt, insbesondere von etwa 30 °C bis etwa 48°C, insbesondere von etwa 38 ° C bis etwa 45 ° C, insbeson dere niedriger als etwa 38°C, oder Triglyceridfett, insbesondere pflanzlichen und/oder tierischen Ursprungs, bei einer Verarbeitungstemperatur von etwa 40° bis etwa 45° C, insbesondere bei Raumtemperatur, wobei insbesondere mehrmals nacheinander gepresst wird, insbesondere zweimal. The object is also achieved by a method for producing a feed pellet comprising microorganisms, in particular dried and/or dry-stabilized ones, according to one of claims 1 to 8, by mechanical kneading and compacting of solid fat and/or fat powder with incorporation of the microorganisms, in particular Pressing and/or compacting, into pellet shapes, in particular rods, in particular with a diameter of about 0.5-10 mm, in particular 0.5-2 mm, in particular 1-2 mm, and/or a length of about 0.5-30 mm, in particular with a round and/or square and/or oval and/or polygonal cross-section, the fat component being designed to decompose in polar solvents, in particular water, and releasing viable microorganisms. It is advantageous if the following parameters are set when pressing a pellet: an initial temperature of the fat base below a melting point of the fat, in particular solid fat and/or fat powder and/or additives and/or residence time in processing, in particular press and/or Compactifier and / or matrix, and / or additives for structure formation and / or thermal conductivity of the fat and the active ingredients, and / or geometry of pressed particles, in particular a processing temperature during and / or after pressing below the melting point, in particular of about 30°C to about 48°C, in particular from about 38°C to about 45°C, in particular lower than about 38°C, or triglyceride fat, in particular of vegetable and/or animal origin, at a processing temperature of about 40° to about 45° C., in particular at room temperature, in particular pressing several times in succession, in particular twice.
Die Aufgabe wird ebenfalls gelöst durch eine Verwendung von Festfett und/oder Fettbasispulver, nämlich Mono- und/oder Diglyceride und/oder Triglycerid, insbesondere Triglycerid-Zerfallsbeschleunigermittelmischung, und/oder Fettsäuren, welche zumindest teilweise eine polare Struktur aufweisen, die in Wasser und/oder Wassermischungen zumindest teilweise in kleinere Einheiten umfassend Fett, insbesondere Fettsäuren, und/oder Wirkstoff zerfallen, insbesondere sich in Wasser auflösend und Wirkstoffe, insbesondere Mikroorganismen lebensfähig freisetzend, zum mechani schen Kompaktifizieren zu Pellets mit verarbeitungsempfindlichen Mikroorganismen für Tiere, insbesondere Nutztiere, insbesondere Pferde, Geflügel, Fische, und/oder die Wiederkäuernahrung zur Auflösung im Pansen, wobei es insbesondere nach einem mechanischen Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 bis 10 vorgenommen wird, als Futtermittelpellet, insbesondere nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, umfassend zumin dest verarbeitungsempfindliche Mikroorganismen, insbesondere getrocknete und/oder trockene, stabilisierte Mikroorganismen, die im Pansen freizusetzen sind, umfassend insbesondere Lebendhefe, und/oder Bakterien und/oder Phagen und/oder Viren, sowie insbesondere weitere Wirkstoffe, insbesondere Vitamine und/oder Spurenelemente und/oder Aminosäuren und/oder Vitalstoffe. The object is also achieved by using solid fat and/or fat base powder, namely mono- and/or diglycerides and/or triglyceride, in particular triglyceride/decomposition accelerator mixture, and/or fatty acids, which at least partially have a polar structure, which is dissolved in water and/or or water mixtures break down at least partially into smaller units comprising fat, in particular fatty acids, and/or active substance, in particular dissolving in water and releasing active substances, in particular viable microorganisms, for mechanical compacting into pellets with processing-sensitive microorganisms for animals, in particular farm animals, in particular horses, Poultry, fish and/or ruminant feed for dissolving in the rumen, in particular using a mechanical method according to claims 9 to 10, as a feed pellet, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising at least processing-sensitive microorganisms organisms, in particular dried and/or dry, stabilized microorganisms, which are to be released in the rumen, including in particular live yeast and/or bacteria and/or phages and/or viruses, and in particular other active substances, in particular vitamins and/or trace elements and/or amino acids and/or vital substances.

Claims

ANSPRÜCHE EXPECTATIONS
1. Futtermittelpellet für Tiere, insbesondere Nutztiere, insbesondere Wiederkäu er, wobei Mikroorganismen, insbesondere getrocknete und/oder trocken stabilisierte, umfasst sind, insbesondere Lebendhefen, die in eine Fettbasis eingebracht sind, wobei die Fettbasis in Form von Festfett und/oder Fettpulver mit den Mikroorganismen vorgemischt und unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Fettbasis zu Pellets zu formen ist, wobei die Fettbasis umfasst: einzeln oder als Mischungen: Mono- und/oder Digly- ceride und/oder Triglycerid, insbesondere Triglycerid-Zerfallsbeschleunigermittelmischung, und/oder Fett-Emulgatormischungen und/oder Fettsäuren, welche eine zu mindest teilweise auflösbare, insbesondere polare Struktur, aufweisen, die in flüssi gen polaren Lösungsmitteln, insbesondere Wasser und/oder Wassermischungen, zumindest teilweise in kleinere Einheiten umfassend Fett, insbesondere Fettsäuren, und/oder verarbeitungsempfindliche Mikroorganismen zerfallend ausgebildet sind, insbesondere sich in dem polaren Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Wasser, auflösend und Mikroorganismen lebensfähig freisetzend. 1. Feed pellets for animals, in particular farm animals, in particular ruminants, with microorganisms, in particular dried and/or dry-stabilized ones, being included, in particular live yeasts, which are introduced into a fat base, the fat base in the form of solid fat and/or fat powder with the Microorganisms are premixed and are to be formed into pellets below the melting point of the fat base, the fat base comprising: individually or as mixtures: mono- and/or diglycerides and/or triglyceride, in particular triglyceride-decomposition accelerator mixture, and/or fat-emulsifier mixtures and/or or fatty acids which have an at least partially soluble, in particular polar structure, which are formed in liquid polar solvents, in particular water and/or water mixtures, at least partially decomposing into smaller units comprising fat, in particular fatty acids, and/or processing-sensitive microorganisms, especially himself in d em polar solvent, especially water, dissolving and releasing viable microorganisms.
2. Futtermittelpellet nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als verarbeitungsempfindliche Mikroorganismen vorgesehen sind: getrocknete und/oder tro ckene, stabilisierte Mikroorganismen, umfassend insbesondere Lebendhefen und/oder Bakterien und/oder Phagen und/oder Viren, die insbesondere vor dem Mageneintritt, insbesondere Panseneintritt, vor Zersetzung und/oder Abbau zu schützen sind, insbesondere verarbeitungsempfindliche Mikroorganismen etwa 1 - 60 Ge wichts0/, insbesondere etwa 1 - 50 Gewichts%, insbesondere etwa 1-47 Gewichts%, insbesondere etwa 1 - 10 Gewichts% beträgt, insbesondere Hefen mit etwa 1-80%, insbesondere 10-70%, insbesondere 5-45%, insbesondere 32%-43% und/oder Pha gen/Viren mit etwa 0,001% - 10%. 2. Feed pellet according to claim 1, characterized in that microorganisms sensitive to processing are provided: dried and/or dry, stabilized microorganisms, including in particular live yeasts and/or bacteria and/or phages and/or viruses, which in particular are present before entering the stomach, in particular Rumen entry, are to be protected from decomposition and / or degradation, in particular processing-sensitive microorganisms about 1 - 60 weight 0 /, in particular about 1 - 50% by weight, in particular about 1-47% by weight, in particular about 1 - 10% by weight, in particular Yeasts with about 1-80%, especially 10-70%, especially 5-45%, especially 32%-43% and/or phages/viruses with about 0.001%-10%.
3. Futtermittelpellet nach Anspruch 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fett-Emulgatormischung umfasst Polyoxyethylen-Fettglyceride, insbesondere Glyce- rin-Polyethylenglykolricinoleat, und/oder Sorbitanfettsäureester und/oder Polysorbat und/oder Polyglycerinester von Speisesäuren und/oder Triglyceride, insbesondere Triglycerid-Proteinmischung, insbesondere Molkekonzentrat-Triglyceridmischung, insbesondere umfassend Rapsfett, insbesondere durch Sprühherstellung umfassend Trocknung und Kühlung. 3. Feed pellet according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the fat-emulsifier mixture comprises polyoxyethylene fatty glycerides, in particular glycerol-polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, and/or sorbitan fatty acid esters and/or polysorbate and/or polyglycerol esters of edible acids and/or triglycerides, in particular triglyceride - Protein mixture, in particular whey concentrate triglyceride mixture, in particular comprising rapeseed fat, in particular by spray production comprising drying and cooling.
4. Futtermittelpellet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fettbasis aufweist: Fettsäuren aus dem Bereich der Kohlenstoffketten von C12 bis C22 aufweisen und/oder Wachse zur Steuerung des Zerfalls und/oder Lecit hine zur Verstärkung des Zerfalls, insbesondere aufweisend einen Fettsäureanteil 5- 99%, 5-90%, 10-80%, 20-60%, 30-50%, 30% bis 40%, insbesondere von mehr als etwa 15%, insbesondere mehr als etwa 20%, insbesondere mehr als etwa 40 %, insbesondere etwa 50 - 70% am Gesamtgewicht, 4. Feed pellet according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fat base comprises: fatty acids from the range of carbon chains from C12 to C22 and/or waxes to control decomposition and/or lecithine to enhance decomposition, in particular comprising a fatty acid content of 5-99%, 5-90%, 10-80%, 20-60%, 30-50%, 30% to 40%, particularly greater than about 15%, particularly greater than about 20%, particularly greater than about 40%, in particular about 50 - 70% of the total weight,
• insbesondere die Fettbasis zu etwa 30-60%, insbesondere 40-60%, am Ge samtgewicht und Lebendhefe, insbesondere 5 - 40% am Gesamtgewicht, und/oder Zerfallsbeschleuniger 4-20% am Gesamtgewicht und/oder Wirkstoffe oder • in particular the fat base for about 30-60%, in particular 40-60% of the total weight and live yeast, in particular 5-40% of the total weight, and/or disintegrants 4-20% of the total weight and/or active ingredients or
• insbesondere die Fettbasis zu etwa 40-70% und/oder Zerfallsbeschleuniger Saccharose zu etwa 5-20% und/oder Lebendhefe zu etwa 10-40% am Gesamtgewicht oder • in particular the fat base for about 40-70% and/or sucrose disintegrant for about 5-20% and/or live yeast for about 10-40% of the total weight or
• insbesondere die Fettbasis zu etwa 57% und/oder Lebendhefe zu etwa 5-32% am Gesamtgewicht und 11 % Reststoffe am Gesamtgewicht. • in particular the fat base for about 57% and/or live yeast for about 5-32% of the total weight and 11% residues of the total weight.
5. Futtermittelpellet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Schmelzpunkt der Fettsäuren und/oder Fettmischung von etwa 38°C bis etwa 80°C, insbesondere größer als 40°C, insbesondere etwa 50 - 75°C, beträgt, wobei der Einsatz unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes vorzunehmen ist, insbesondere unter 57°C, insbesondere unter 50°C. 5. Feed pellet according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a melting point of the fatty acids and/or fat mixture is from about 38°C to about 80°C, in particular greater than 40°C, in particular about 50-75°C , where the use is to be made below the melting point, in particular below 57°C, in particular below 50°C.
6. Futtermittelpellet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Fettbasis eine Auswahl aus folgenden Fettsäuren, insbesondere als Fettsäurenkombination, vorgesehen ist: Linolsäure und/oder Alpha-Linolensäure und/oder Gamma-Linolensäure und/oder Calendulasäure und/oder Arachidonsäure und/oder Docosadiensäure und/oder Docosapentaensäure und/oder Docosahexan- säure und/oder Dodecansäure, insbesondere Laurinsäure, und/oder Tridecansäure und/oder Tetradecansäure, insbesondere Myristinsäure, und/oder Pentadecansäure und/oder Hexadecansäure, insbesondere Palmitinsäure, und/oder Heptadecansäure, insbesondere Margarinsäure, und/oder Octadecansäure, insbesondere Stearinsäure, und/oder Nonadecansäure und/oder Eicosan-/lcosansäure, insbesondere Arachin- säure, und/oder Heneiconsäure und/oder Docosansäure, insbesondere Behensäure, und/oder Heracosansäure, insbesondere Cerotinsäure, Triacontansäure, insbeson dere Melissinsäure, Undecylensäure, Palmitileinsäure, Margaroleinsäure und/oder Petroselinsäure und/oder Ölsäure und/oder Elaidinsäure und/oder Vaccensäure und/oder Gondosäure und/oder Erucasäure, insbesondere in Kombination Palmitin säure 45% und Stearinsäure 45% und Ölsäure 5% mit Restfetten. 6. Feed pellet according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a selection from the following fatty acids, in particular as a fatty acid combination, is provided for the fat base: linoleic acid and/or alpha-linolenic acid and/or gamma-linolenic acid and/or calendula acid and/or or arachidonic acid and/or docosadienoic acid and/or docosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexanoic acid and/or dodecanoic acid, especially lauric acid, and/or tridecanoic acid and/or tetradecanoic acid, especially myristic acid, and/or pentadecanoic acid and/or hexadecanoic acid, especially palmitic acid, and/or or heptadecanoic acid, especially margaric acid, and/or octadecanoic acid, especially stearic acid, and/or nonadecanoic acid and/or eicosanoic/lcosanoic acid, especially arachidic acid, and/or heneiconic acid and/or docosanoic acid, especially behenic acid, and/or heracosanic acid, especially cerotic acid , triacontanoic acid, in particular melissic acid, undecylenic acid, palmitic acid, margarole ic acid and/or petroselinic acid and/or oleic acid and/or elaidic acid and/or vaccenic acid and/or gondocic acid and/or erucic acid, in particular in combination with palmitic acid 45% and stearic acid 45% and oleic acid 5% with residual fats.
7. Futtermittelpellet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass weiterhin Zerfallsbeschleuniger vorgesehen sind, die den Zerfall der Formparti kel fördern, insbesondere Quellstoffe, insbesondere Zucker und/oder Zuckerrüben schnitzel und/oder Kleien und/oder Stärken und/oder Mono- und/oder Disaccharide und/oder Polysaccharide und/oder Säuren und/oder Bicarbonat und/oder Proteine, insbesondere Molkekonzentrat-Triglyceridmischung. 7. Feed pellet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that disintegration accelerators are also provided which promote the disintegration of the molded particles, in particular bulking agents, in particular sugar and/or sugar beet pulp and/or bran and/or starches and/or mono - and/or disaccharides and/or polysaccharides and/or acids and/or bicarbonate and/or proteins, in particular whey concentrate triglyceride mixture.
8. Futtermittelpellet nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem Pellet vorgesehen sind: Wirkstoffe, umfassend Vitamine und/oder Spurenelemente und/oder Aminosäuren und/oder Vitalstoffe und/oder Wirkstoffe mit einem unangenehmen Geschmack vorgesehen sind, insbesondere 1-50%, insbesondere 5-40%, insbesondere 10-30%, insbesondere 10-20% Anteil am Gesamtgewicht. 8. Feed pellet according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pellet contains: active substances, comprising vitamins and/or trace elements and/or amino acids and/or vital substances and/or active substances with an unpleasant taste, in particular 1 -50%, in particular 5-40%, in particular 10-30%, in particular 10-20% of the total weight.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Futtermittelpellets umfassend Mikroorganis men, insbesondere getrocknete und/oder trocken stabilisierte, nach einem der An- Sprüche 1 bis 8, durch mechanisches Kneten und Verdichten von Festfett und/oder Fettpulver unter Einarbeitung der Mikroorganismen, insbesondere Pressen und/oder Kompaktieren, zu Pelletformen, insbesondere Stäbchen, insbesondere mit etwa 0,5- 10 mm, insbesondere 0,5 - 2 mm, insbesondere 1 - 2 mm, Durchmesser und/oder einer Länge von etwa 0,5 - 30 mm, insbesondere mit rundem und/oder viereckigem und/oder ovalem und/oder vieleckigem Querschnitt, wobei die Fettkomponente in polaren Lösungsmitteln, insbesondere Wasser, zerfallend ausgebildet ist und Mikro organismen lebensfähig freisetzend. 9. A method for producing a feed pellet comprising microorganisms, in particular dried and/or dry-stabilized ones, according to one of Sayings 1 to 8, by mechanical kneading and compacting of solid fat and/or fat powder with incorporation of the microorganisms, in particular pressing and/or compacting, into pellet shapes, in particular small sticks, in particular with about 0.5-10 mm, in particular 0.5-2 mm, in particular 1 - 2 mm, diameter and/or a length of about 0.5 - 30 mm, in particular with a round and/or square and/or oval and/or polygonal cross-section, the fat component being dissolved in polar solvents, in particular water decaying and releasing viable micro-organisms.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Parameter beim Pressen eines Pellets insbesondere eingestellt werden: eine Ausgangstempe ratur der Fettbasis unterhalb eines Schmelzpunktes des Fettes, insbesondere Festfett und/oder Fettpulver und/oder von Zusatzstoffen und/oder Verweilzeit in der Verarbeitung, insbesondere Presse und/oder Kompaktifizierer und/oder Matrize, und/oder Zuschläge für eine Strukturbildung und/oder Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Fettes und der Wirkstoffe, und/oder Geometrie von gepressten Teilchen, wobei insbesonde re eine Verarbeitungstemperatur während und/oder nach dem Pressen unterhalb des Schmelzpunkts liegt, insbesondere von etwa 30 °C bis etwa 48°C, insbesondere von etwa 38 0 C bis etwa 45 ° C, insbesondere niedriger als etwa 38°C, oder Triglycerid fett, insbesondere pflanzlichen und/oder tierischen Ursprungs, bei einer Verarbeitungstemperatur von etwa 40° bis etwa 45° C, insbesondere bei Raumtemperatur, wobei insbesondere mehrmals nacheinander gepresst wird, insbesondere zweimal. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the following parameters are set when pressing a pellet: an initial temperature of the fat base below a melting point of the fat, in particular solid fat and/or fat powder and/or additives and/or residence time in processing , in particular press and/or compactifier and/or die, and/or additives for structure formation and/or thermal conductivity of the fat and the active ingredients, and/or geometry of pressed particles, with in particular a processing temperature during and/or after pressing below of the melting point is, in particular from about 30 ° C to about 48 ° C, in particular from about 38 0 C to about 45 ° C, in particular lower than about 38 ° C, or triglyceride fat, in particular of vegetable and / or animal origin, at a Processing temperature of about 40° to about 45° C., in particular at room temperature, in particular several times in succession is pressed, in particular twice.
11. Verwendung von Festfett und/oder Fettbasispulver, nämlich Mono- und/oder Diglyceride und/oder Triglycerid, insbesondere Triglycerid-Zerfallsbeschleunigermit telmischung, und/oder Fettsäuren, welche zumindest teilweise eine polare Struktur aufweisen, die in Wasser und/oder Wassermischungen zumindest teilweise in kleine re Einheiten umfassend Fett, insbesondere Fettsäuren, und/oder Wirkstoff zerfallen, insbesondere sich in Wasser auflösend und Wirkstoffe, insbesondere Mikroorganis men lebensfähig freisetzend, zum mechanischen Kompaktifizieren zu Pellets mit ver arbeitungsempfindlichen Mikroorganismen für Tiere, insbesondere Nutztiere, insbe sondere Pferde, Geflügel, Fische, und/oder die Wiederkäuernahrung zur Auflösung im Pansen, wobei es insbesondere nach einem mechanischen Verfahren nach An- spruch 9 bis 10 vorgenommen wird, als Futtermittelpellet, insbesondere nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, umfassend zumindest verarbeitungsempfindliche Mikroorganismen, insbesondere getrocknete und/oder trockene, stabilisierte Mikroorganismen, die im Pansen freizusetzen sind, umfassend insbesondere Lebendhefe, und/oder Bakterien und/oder Phagen und/oder Viren, sowie insbesondere weitere Wirkstoffe, insbesondere Vitamine und/oder Spurenelemente und/oder Aminosäuren und/oder Vitalstoffe. 11. Use of solid fat and/or fat base powder, namely mono- and/or diglycerides and/or triglyceride, in particular triglyceride decomposition accelerator mixture, and/or fatty acids, which at least partially have a polar structure, which in water and/or water mixtures at least partially break down into smaller units comprising fat, in particular fatty acids, and/or active ingredient, in particular dissolving in water and releasing active ingredients, in particular viable microorganisms, for mechanical compaction into pellets with processing-sensitive microorganisms for animals, in particular farm animals, in particular horses, poultry , fish, and/or the ruminant food for dissolving in the rumen, in particular by a mechanical method according to An- is made according to claim 9 to 10, as a feed pellet, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising at least processing-sensitive microorganisms, in particular dried and/or dry, stabilized microorganisms, which are to be released in the rumen, comprising in particular live yeast and/or bacteria and/or or phages and/or viruses, and in particular other active substances, in particular vitamins and/or trace elements and/or amino acids and/or vital substances.
EP22754290.9A 2021-07-08 2022-07-07 Feed pellet for animals, more particularly livestock, use, and method for producing a feed pellet Pending EP4366541A2 (en)

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DE102021003522.4A DE102021003522A1 (en) 2021-07-08 2021-07-08 Feed pellets for animals, in particular livestock, a use and a method for producing a feed pellet
PCT/DE2022/000078 WO2023280335A2 (en) 2021-07-08 2022-07-07 Feed pellet for animals, more particularly livestock, use, and method for producing a feed pellet

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JPS60221078A (en) * 1984-04-18 1985-11-05 Morinaga Milk Ind Co Ltd Granular product of useful microorganism powder and its preparation
US9232813B2 (en) * 2008-07-07 2016-01-12 The Iams Company Probiotic supplement, process for making, and packaging

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