Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
  • A01G13/06—Devices for generating heat, smoke or fog in gardens, orchards or forests, e.g. to prevent damage by frost
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/38—Multi-hearth arrangements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
  • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
  • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
  • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
  • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
  • F24B1/16—Closed stoves with fuel storage in multiple or divided hoppers within the stove or range
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
  • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
  • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
  • F24B5/028—Arrangements combining combustion-air and flue-gas circulation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
  • F24B7/00—Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating 
  • F24B7/005—Flue-gas ducts

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a combustion heater.
• the invention relates more particularly to a heating device intended to generate heat from a fuel, in particular a biomass-based fuel, the heat produced being intended to fight against late frost or any other threats linked to a drop in temperature in vineyards, orchards and other crops.
• An object of the present invention is to provide an improvement to this combustion heater.
• the invention proposes a combustion heating device designed to supply heat near crops with a view to combating seasonal frost, the heating device 0 comprising:
• each combustion chamber comprises: 0 - an orifice of power supply for its fuel supply,
• the peripheral duct comprises: 5 - at least one lower opening forming an air inlet which is located at a height lower than the central hearth area,
• the heating device thus making it possible to produce a flow of hot air which is propelled at the outlet from the main exhaust pipe.
• the heating device according to the invention makes it possible to obtain good combustion so as to produce a flow of very hot air.
• This heating device produces a column of hot air which is propelled thanks to the particular structure of the enclosure where the combustion takes place and thanks to the arrangement of judiciously placed air inlets. There is an acceleration effect of the hot air at the exit of the main exhaust duct.
• the heating device according to the invention also makes it possible to dry the air around the enclosure and under the enclosure, which contributes to the fight against seasonal frost. 0
• the efficiency of this heating device is high and this with different types of fuel, which ensures good recycling of vegetable matter when the fuel used is of the biomass type.
• the main exhaust duct comprises an internal duct coaxial with the main exhaust duct and which extends from the central hearth zone, up to an intermediate height located between the central hearth zone and the upper light, the internal duct comprising an internal inlet orifice which opens under the central hearth zone and an internal outlet orifice at its upper axial end;
• the internal duct has a solid section surmounted by a perforated section;
• the heating device comprises several combustion chambers and the axial wall of the internal duct is provided with radial fins which delimit several combustion sectors, each combustion sector being5 arranged opposite a combustion chamber;
• each radial fin comprises a lower solid partition which extends from the axial wall of the internal duct as far as the axial wall of the main exhaust duct, and an upper perforated partition whose radial dimension is less than the radial distance between the axial wall of the internal duct and the axial wall of the main exhaust duct so as to communicate the combustion sectors with each other;
• the axial wall of the internal duct is provided with guide walls, at least one of which is inclined so as to redirect the flow of hot air entering through the outlet orifice upwards along the internal duct;
• the main exhaust duct comprises an internal deflector which is arranged close to the upper axial end of the internal duct so as to reduce the passage section of the hot air flow;
• the axial wall of the main exhaust duct comprises at least one first intermediate port located just above the internal deflector
• the peripheral duct comprises a peripheral deflector which is provided 0 to channel part of the flow of air rising in the peripheral duct towards the first intermediate lumen;
• the axial wall of the main exhaust duct comprises at least one second intermediate port arranged under the internal deflector
• the main exhaust duct is extended under the central hearth zone5 by a support section which is closed, at its upper axial end, by a bottom wall and which is open, at its lower axial end, the support section comprising at least one lower opening for supplying the peripheral duct with fresh air;
• the heating device comprises at least three combustion chambers0 which are angularly distributed around the axis of the main exhaust duct and which are arranged in the same transverse plane;
• the heating device comprises several combustion chambers which are arranged on several superimposed stages along the main exhaust duct; 5 - each combustion chamber is connected, via its supply orifice, to a hopper designed to contain a reserve of fuel, and the hopper is fixed to the outer axial wall of the enclosure.
• FIG.1 is a side view which schematically shows a combustion heater according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG.2 is a perspective view showing the heating device of Figure 1;
• FIG.3 is an axial sectional view along the plane 3-3 which illustrates the interior of the heating device of Figure 1;
• FIG.4 is a perspective view showing the central hearth zone of the heating device of FIG. 1, the central hearth zone comprising a bottom wall and an internal duct provided with radial fins;
• FIG.5 is a perspective view which partially represents the heating device of FIG. 1 and which illustrates the configuration of the deflectors positioned on the internal axial wall of the main exhaust duct;
• FIG.6 is a perspective view which partially shows a heating device according to a second embodiment of the invention 5 comprising two stages of three combustion chambers;
• FIG.7 is a perspective view which represents the heating device of the second embodiment and which shows the arrangement of the various combustion chambers on the two floors;
• FIG.8 is a top view which represents the heating device of the second embodiment and which shows the circumferential distribution of the combustion chambers;
• FIG.9 is a partial perspective view showing a detail of the connection of a first stage combustion chamber to the main exhaust duct. 5
• the longitudinal axis L is parallel to the horizontal
• the transverse axis is parallel to the horizontal and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L.
• the vertical axis V is perpendicular to the other two axes.
• the terms “top” and “bottom” are defined with respect to the vertical axis V and correspond respectively to the top and bottom of Figures 1 and 3.
• FIGs 1 to 5 there is shown a heating device 10 to 5 combustion according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• This heating device 10 is provided to supply heat close to crops with a view to combating the freezing of crops. It can be placed, for example, near the rows of vines or near an orchard.
• the heating device 10 is provided here to produce a main hot air flow F1 in the form of a column of hot air which rises above the heating device 10.
• This heating device 10 can in particular be arranged close to a wind turbine (not shown) which is provided to lower the main hot air flow F1 towards the crops.
• the heating device 10 comprises an enclosure 12, for example made of sheet steel, inside which extends a main exhaust duct 14 along a main vertical axis A1 and a peripheral duct 16 which is annular.
• the main exhaust duct 14 is delimited by an internal axial wall 18 which opens at its upper axial end by an outlet mouth 20 through which rises the main hot air flow F1.
• the peripheral conduit 16 is delimited by an outer axial wall 22 which surrounds the main exhaust conduit 14, preferably over its entire height.
• the heater 10 has several combustion chambers 24, 26, 28 which are each connected to the main exhaust conduit 14 through the peripheral conduit 16.
• Each combustion chamber 24, 26, 28 is intended to produce heat from a fuel 30.
• each combustion chamber 24, 26, 28 here comprises a radial duct 32, here of square or rectangular section, which extends radially from a closed outer radial end 34, at the outside the enclosure 12, as far as an open internal radial end 36, opening inside the main exhaust duct 14.
• the radial duct 32 has a supply orifice 38, here in its upper face close to the outer radial end 34, intended to be connected to a fuel supply hopper 40 30.
• a fuel supply hopper 40 30 Each hopper
• the hopper 40 here has the shape of a funnel which makes it possible to guide the flow of
• the hopper 40 can serve as fuel storage space 30 when the combustion chamber 24, 26, 28 is full. In this case, the hopper 40 has permanent access to the combustion chamber 24, 26, 28 so that the weight of the column of fuel 30 stored in the hopper 40 exerts a force on the fuel 30 in the combustion chamber 24 , 26, 28 in order to make the fuel 30 in the combustion chamber 24, 26, 28 sufficiently compact. Furthermore, the hopper 40 continuously feeds the combustion chamber 24, 26, 28, which allows a long heating time for maximum efficiency. 5 An air intake 42 is here arranged in the outer radial end 34 and fitted with an adjustment device 44 allowing the supply of fresh air to the combustion chamber 24, 26, 28 to be adjusted.
• the internal radial end 36 of the radial duct 32 opens via an outlet orifice 46 into the main exhaust duct 14 and, more precisely, into a central focus zone 48.
• the three combustion chambers 24, 26, 28 are advantageously distributed angularly in a regular manner, here every 180 degrees, around the main axis A1.
• the enclosure 12 here has a cross-section of hexagonal form5 which thus defines six substantially planar faces forming the outer axial wall 22, each combustion chamber 24, 26, 28 thus extending perpendicular to one face.
• each combustion chamber 24, 26, 28 opens into the main exhaust duct 14 at the level of the internal axiale0 wall 18.
• the central hearth zone 48 is therefore formed by a section of the main duct d exhaust 14, and it is delimited on the sides by the internal axial wall 18 and downwards by a bottom wall 50.
• the main exhaust duct 14 comprises an internal duct 52 which is coaxial with the main exhaust duct 14 and which extends from the bottom wall 50 to an intermediate height located between the combustion chambers 24, 26, 28 and the outlet mouth 20.
• the height of the internal duct 52 is for example equal to approximately three times the height of a radial duct 32, or equal to a quarter of the total height of the main exhaust duct 14.
• the internal duct 52 has an internal inlet orifice 54, at its lower axial end, which opens under the bottom wall 50 to allow the internal duct 52 to be supplied with fresh air.
• the internal conduit 52 has an internal outlet orifice 56 at its upper axial end.
• the internal duct 52 comprises a solid section 58, facing the outlet orifices 46 of the combustion chambers 24, 26, 28, and a perforated section 60 above. combustion chambers 24, 26, 28.
• the perforated section 60 here comprises a multitude of perforations 62 which allow part of the fresh air to enter the main exhaust duct 14, just above the zone of central hearth 48.
• the axial wall of the internal duct 52 is here provided with radial fins 64 which delimit as many combustion sectors 66 as there are combustion chambers 24, 26, 28.
• the internal duct 52 comprises therefore here three radial fins 64 which extend axially along the internal duct 52, here over its entire height. Each radial fin 64 is located between two outlet orifices 46 of two combustion chambers 24, 26, 28.
• Each radial fin 64 here comprises a lower solid partition 68 which extends from the axial wall of the internal duct 52 to the internal axial wall 18 of the main exhaust duct 14, and an upper perforated partition 70 whose radial dimension is less than the radial distance0 between the axial wall of the internal duct 52 and the internal axial wall 18 of the main exhaust duct so as to to make the combustion sectors 66 communicate with each other.
• the partition upper aperture 70 has an inwardly curved edge 72 from its lower end to its upper end.
• the internal duct 52 has a triangular section and the radial fins 64 are arranged at the vertices of the triangle.
• the main exhaust duct 14 extends under the bottom wall 50, therefore under the central hearth zone 48, by a support section 74 which is closed, at its upper axial end, by the bottom wall and which is open at its lower end axiale0.
• the peripheral duct 16 extends here from the base of the enclosure 12 to the upper axial end of the main exhaust duct 14.
• the peripheral duct 16 comprises lower slots 76 forming air inlets which are located under the radial ducts 32. More particularly, according to the example shown, the lower slots 76 are distributed around the periphery of the external axial wall 22, at the base of the enclosure 12, and also around the periphery of the internal axial wall 18, at the base of the enclosure 12, in the support section 74. Each slot consists for example of an oblong cutout parallel to the main axis A1. 0
• the peripheral duct 16 is here closed by an annular support plate 78 provided with a central opening 80 giving access to the support section 74.
• support elements 82 are provided to support the heating device 10 and allow it to be positioned on the ground, close to the crops, while allowing the heating device 10 to be supplied with fresh air, particularly by allowing air to enter the enclosure 12 through the central opening 80 and through the lower lumens 76.
• the peripheral duct 16 comprises upper orifices 84 which are arranged in the internal axial wall 18 in the vicinity of the outlet mouth 20.
• the peripheral duct 16 comprises an upper end section 86 whose passage section is gradually shrinks to a height just above the top lights 84.
• the peripheral duct 16 therefore comprises a main rectilinear section 88 which extends parallel to the main exhaust duct 14 over the major part of its height, from the support plate 78 to the section upper end 86.
• the upper end section 86 is here formed of several inclined walls 90, arranged in the extension of the main section 88, and joining the upper axial end of the main exhaust duct 14, generally forming a tapered section.
• the main exhaust duct 14 comprises an internal deflector 92 which is arranged close to the upper axial end of the internal duct 52 so as to reduce the passage section of the flow of hot air coming from the central hearth zone. 48.
• the internal deflector 92 here comprises a lower section forming an internal peripheral skirt 94 of passage section decreasing upwards along the main axis A1.
• This internal peripheral skirt 94 at its outer edge 95 in contact and fixed against the internal axial wall 18.
• the internal peripheral skirt 94 is extended upwards by a tubular portion 96 whose passage section is less than the passage section of the conduit main exhaust 14.
• the internal deflector 92 here consists of an assembly of flat sheets which follows the hexagonal shape of the main exhaust duct 14.
• the internal axial wall 18 comprises several first intermediate slots 98 which are here aligned along a transverse plane and which are located just above the internal deflector 92, more particularly just above the edge of the internal peripheral skirt 94.
• the first intermediate lights 98 are therefore here facing the internal peripheral skirt 94, so as to communicate the peripheral duct 16 with the upper part of the main exhaust duct 14.
• the peripheral duct 16 includes a peripheral deflector 100 which is provided to channel part of the rising air flow in the peripheral duct 16 towards the first intermediate openings 98 and therefore towards the main exhaust duct 14.
• the peripheral deflector 100 is here in the form of a flared flange downwards.
• the peripheral deflector 100 here extends radially over a distance less than the radial distance between the internal axial wall 18 and the external axial wall 22, so as to allow a substantial part of the flow of air rising towards the upper slots 84 to pass. .
• second intermediate slots 102 are arranged opposite the perforated section 60 of the internal duct 52.
• An additional peripheral deflector 0 104 here constituted by a skirt element flared downwards, is arranged on the axial wall internal 18 so as to channel part of the flow of air rising in the peripheral duct 16 towards the second intermediate slots 102.
• the heating device 30 is first brought to the place which requires the supply of heat, for example near rows of vines.
• the hoppers 40 are loaded with fuel 30 and the fuel 30 is ignited in each combustion chamber 24, 26, 28 by an appropriate firing device.
• the heat produced by this ignition spreads as far as the central hearth zone 48 via the radial ducts 32.
• the air intake 42 and its adjustment device 44 make it possible to regulate the combustion by controlling the supply of fresh air in each combustion chamber 24, 26, 28.
• the numerous air intakes formed by the openings and other perforations in the enclosure 12 contribute to favoring the combustion and the propulsion of the main hot air flow F1 at the main exhaust duct 14.
• This first flow of hot air fO receives cool air through the perforated section 60 and through the second intermediate lights 102 which accelerates the circulation of hot air upwards.
• the air present in the peripheral duct 16 heats up in contact with the internal axial wall 18, and in contact with the radial ducts 32 which cross the peripheral duct 16, which creates a second flow of hot air f2 rising the along the internal axial wall 18, inside the peripheral duct 16.
• a first part of this second flow of hot air f2 is sucked into the main exhaust duct 14 by the first and second intermediate ports 98, 102 where the air is hotter and circulates more quickly.
• a second part of the second flow of hot air f2 continues its course to the top of the peripheral duct 16 where the narrowing of the passage section in the upper end section 86 and the circulation of the flow of hot air in the part top of the main exhaust duct 145 sucks in the hot air through the upper slots 84 which further contributes to accelerating the flow of hot air F1 at the outlet of the heating device 10.
• certain lights or other cut-outs arranged for the entry of fresh air could be modified or removed.
• the lower slots 760 could only be arranged on the inner axial wall 18, or only on the outer axial wall 22.
• some of the intermediate slots 98, 102 could be eliminated.
• the invention has been described with three combustion chambers 24, 26, 28.
• the heating device 10 there could be a different number of combustion chambers 24, 26, 28, for example two diametrically opposed combustion chambers, or even six combustion chambers arranged in each of the hexagonal faces of the enclosure 12.
• the enclosure 12 could also have a cross section of a different shape, for example square or circular.
• the hexagonal shape is here a good compromise to allow ease of manufacture, with flat sheets, and for ease of assembly.
• FIGS. 6 to 9 there is shown a second embodiment of the invention in which the heating device 10 comprises chambers combustion 24, 26, 28 arranged on two floors 106, 108.
• the heating device 10 comprises chambers combustion 24, 26, 28 arranged on two floors 106, 108.
• emphasis will be placed on the differences with respect to the first embodiment.
• the first stage 106 is produced substantially in the same way as in the first embodiment, with three combustion chambers 24, 26, 28 distributed around the main combustion duct. exhaust 14 and which are connected to the central hearth zone 48 by the radial ducts 32.
• the central hearth zone 48 is here provided with guide walls 110, 112 which are arranged globally opposite the outlet orifice 46 of each radial duct 32 , so as to redirect the flames, the flow of hot air, coming from said radial ducts 32 upwards according to a swirling movement.
• each radial duct 325 emerges facing the internal duct 52 and the space between the internal axial wall 18 and the internal duct 52 is closed by a straight guide wall 110 on the left, which extends radially and axially, and by an inclined guide wall 112 to the right which redirects the flow of hot air, or the flames, produced by the associated combustion chamber, upwards.
• the three inclined guide walls 112 are here all three oriented in the same direction to form the hot air vortex.
• a second stage 108 preferably comprising the same number of combustion chambers 24, 26, 28 as for the first stage.
• the combustion chambers 24, 26, 28 of the second stage 108 are here offset angularly with respect to the combustion chambers 24, 26, 28 of the first stage 106, here by 60 degrees, so that, in top view in FIG. , the combustion chambers 24, 26, 28 are also distributed over the entire circumference of the enclosure 12.
• the combustion chambers 24, 26, 28 of the second stage 108 are made generally in the same way as that of the first stage 106, with radial ducts 32 which connect them to the main exhaust duct 14, facing an upper part of the perforated section 60 of the internal duct 52.
• the internal duct 52 is here perforated over its entire height and that it extends from the bottom wall 50 to the upper part of the radial ducts 32 of the second stage 108.
• the internal duct 52 here has a circular section.
• the internal deflector 92 is arranged at a certain distance above the second stage 108, in the main exhaust duct 14.
• the main exhaust duct 14 is here devoid of peripheral deflectors 100, 104 provided in the first embodiment.
• ports are arranged at different levels in the inner axial wall 18 and in the outer axial wall 22 to allow an adequate supply of fresh air into the main exhaust duct 14 and into the peripheral duct. 16.
• Lower lights 76 are here arranged at the bottom of each floor 106, 108.
• A1 main axis
• F1 main hot air flow
• f1 first hot air flow
• f2 second hot air flow.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Toxicology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2021
  • 2021-06-25 FR FR2106850A patent/FR3124580B1/fr active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-06-15 WO PCT/FR2022/051162 patent/WO2022269169A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2022-06-15 EP EP22744793.5A patent/EP4359698A1/de active Pending

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