EP4353329A1 - Motorfeuerlöscher - Google Patents

Motorfeuerlöscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4353329A1
EP4353329A1 EP23202367.1A EP23202367A EP4353329A1 EP 4353329 A1 EP4353329 A1 EP 4353329A1 EP 23202367 A EP23202367 A EP 23202367A EP 4353329 A1 EP4353329 A1 EP 4353329A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
gas generator
fire extinguisher
chamber
storage chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23202367.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Raphaël TEOLDI
Philippe Lopez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArianeGroup SAS
Original Assignee
ArianeGroup SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ArianeGroup SAS filed Critical ArianeGroup SAS
Publication of EP4353329A1 publication Critical patent/EP4353329A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A62C3/08—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
    • A62C13/02—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with pressure gas produced by chemicals
    • A62C13/22—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use with pressure gas produced by chemicals with incendiary substances producing pressure gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire extinguisher comprising an extinguishing agent.
  • Extinguishing engine fires is a problem encountered in particular in the aeronautical field, for example when trying to extinguish the fire of an aircraft engine.
  • Aircraft engine fire extinguishers are generally equipped with systems such as extinguishing agent bottles pressurized to around 200 bars. Such systems are maintained at a distance from the engine, outside the nacelle. Fire extinguishers are generally held in position by fixing elements and connected to the engine by pipes, in order to limit the direct exposure of the extinguishers to the strong thermal stresses of the engine environment.
  • Halons typically use Halon gas as an extinguishing agent to suppress the oxygen to contain the fire.
  • Halons have the advantage of ensuring satisfactory extinguishing while maintaining a reduced mass.
  • Halons are polluting products, which have a high ozone depletion potential (“ODP” in English for “Ozone Depletion Potential”) and whose use is subject to increasingly strict regulatory bans.
  • ODP ozone depletion potential
  • the use of Halons as an extinguishing agent therefore constitutes an environmentally unsatisfactory provisional solution which should be replaced.
  • the fire extinguisher being characterized in that the piston comprises a thermal insulation housing in which the gas generator is present, the housing being interposed between the pressurization chamber and the storage chamber, the housing opening into the pressure chamber pressurization.
  • the gas generator By placing the gas generator in the piston, it is protected by the air or gas present in the pressurization chamber, which acts as a thermal insulator.
  • the gas generator is therefore protected from thermal constraints external to the fire extinguisher by being interposed between a gaseous sky of the pressurizing chamber and the extinguishing agent of the storage chamber.
  • the extinguishing agent has a strong endothermic power, which makes it an excellent thermal insulator.
  • the fire extinguisher is very compact, and can be integrated as close as possible to the engine, which makes it possible to limit the number of fixings and pipes necessary, and thus lighten the entire device. In particular, such a fire extinguisher placed near the engine is still operational after 15 minutes of fire in the engine.
  • the thermal insulation housing defines a projecting portion in the storage chamber and the gas generator is surrounded by the extinguishing agent.
  • the housing in which the gas generator is present is in this case insulated on all its sides, thus further improving the resistance of the gas generator in a fire environment.
  • the distance between the gas generator and a bottom of the pressurization chamber is greater or equal to 0.1 mm. Indeed, preferably, the gas generator must be at a non-zero distance from the bottom(s) of the pressurizing chamber.
  • the gas generator is a pyrotechnic gas generator.
  • a pyrotechnic gas generator is advantageous compared to the use of a pressurized gas cylinder in order, on the one hand, to limit the sensitivity to the temperature of the pressure generated and, on the other hand, , to obtain an extinguishing agent pressure profile as a function of time making it possible to obtain extinguishing agent concentration values as a function of time as close as possible to the minimum necessary extinguishing agent concentration values, thus further improving the extinguishing efficiency in an engine environment.
  • the invention further relates to an aircraft engine equipped with at least one fire extinguisher as described above.
  • the engine is an aircraft engine comprising a nacelle, the fire extinguisher being integrated into the nacelle.
  • the invention also relates to a method of extinguishing a fire in an aircraft engine using at least one fire extinguisher as described above.
  • THE figures 1 And 2 illustrate an example of a fire extinguisher 1 according to the invention.
  • the fire extinguisher 1 comprises a body 2 extending along a longitudinal axis which separates the pressurization chamber 3 and the storage chamber 4.
  • the piston 5 is able to slide in the body 2.
  • the sliding of the piston 5 in the body 2 makes it possible to vary the volume of the pressurization chamber 3 and the storage chamber 4.
  • the piston 5 can slide along an axis of movement which is here collinear with the axis X.
  • the body 2 has an internal shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis X, here cylindrical.
  • the body has another geometry of internal shape, provided that the piston has a geometry adapted to that of the body.
  • the body 2 comprises a side wall 2a extending along the longitudinal axis slides in the body 2 in contact with the side wall 2a of said body 2.
  • the body 2 further comprises a first bottom wall 2b as well as a second bottom wall 2c.
  • the first and second bottom walls 2b and 2c define the body 2 longitudinally.
  • the first bottom wall 2b delimits the pressurization chamber 3.
  • the second bottom wall 2c delimits the storage chamber 4.
  • the second bottom wall 2c has at least one outlet orifice 10 configured to allow the ejection of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2.
  • the ignition chamber pressure 3 is therefore located between the piston 5 and the first bottom wall 2b.
  • the storage chamber 4 is located between the second bottom wall 2c and the piston 5. Consequently, the pressurization chamber 3 is delimited by the side wall 2a of the body, by the first bottom wall 2b and by the piston 5.
  • the storage chamber 4 is delimited by the side wall 2a of the body, by the second bottom wall 2c and by the piston 5.
  • the piston 5 comprises a first face 51 facing the pressurizing chamber 3.
  • the first face 51 of the piston 5 faces the first bottom wall 2b of the body 2.
  • the first face 51 of the piston 5 delimits the chamber pressurization 3.
  • the piston 5 further comprises a second face 52 facing the storage chamber 4.
  • the second face 52 of the piston 5 faces the second bottom wall 2c of the body 2.
  • the second face 52 of the piston 5 delimits the storage chamber 4.
  • the piston 5 is configured to sealingly separate the pressurization chamber 3 from the storage chamber 4.
  • the piston 5 extends over the entire internal diameter D 4 of the storage chamber 4.
  • the piston 5 comprises preferably a sealing system 55 making it possible to create a seal between the pressurization chamber 3 and the storage chamber 4.
  • the sealing system 55 prevents the extinguishing agent from entering the pressurization chamber 3, and prevents air or gases present in the pressurization chamber 3 from penetrating inside the storage chamber 4.
  • the sealing system 55 may be a seal disposed continuously between the piston 5 and body 2, as in the example illustrated on the figures 1 And 2 .
  • the piston 5 can be made of metallic material, for example aluminum.
  • the piston 5 can be made of a single material in order to simplify the manufacturing process of the fire extinguisher 1.
  • a thermal insulation housing 50 is defined in the piston 5.
  • the thermal insulation housing 50 opens into the pressurizing chamber 3.
  • the housing 50 opens onto the first face 51 of the piston 5.
  • the housing 50 d The thermal insulation is separated from the storage chamber 4 by the second face 52 of the piston 5.
  • the housing 50 does not open into the storage chamber 4.
  • the thermal insulation housing 50 does not open onto the second face 52 of the piston 5.
  • a gas generator 6 is present in the thermal insulation housing 50.
  • the gas generator 6 is surrounded by the piston 5, being surrounded laterally by the latter and having a face located opposite the second face 52 of the piston 5.
  • the gas generator 6 is a pyrotechnic gas generator.
  • the gas generator can be a pressurized gas cartridge.
  • the example of gas generator 6 illustrated on the figures 1 And 2 comprises a pyrotechnic charge 61 known per se. The combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 61 makes it possible to generate a pressurizing gas in the pressurizing chamber 3.
  • the gas generator 6 can be fixed in the piston 5 by force fitting.
  • the gas generator 6 can be fixed in the piston 5 by means of third-party elements, for example by means of one or more elastic pins.
  • the gas generator 6 may include an initiator 62 making it possible to initiate the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 61.
  • the initiation of the ignition device leads to the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge and the release of the gases resulting from the combustion.
  • the bottom of the pressurization chamber may comprise one or more connectors.
  • the initiator When the fire extinguisher is inactivated, the initiator is connected to said connector by flexible wires capable of transmitting an engagement signal sent by the connector(s) to the initiator, said flexible wires being configured to break upon activation. movement of the piston.
  • the fire extinguisher when activated by sending an on signal to the initiator through the flexible wires, moving the piston away from the bottom of the chamber pressurization causes the flexible wires which connected the initiator to the bottom of the pressurization chamber to break.
  • the initiator 62 comprises one or more tabs 63, called “pinoches", extending towards the bottom 2b of the pressurization chamber 3.
  • the bottom 2b of the pressurization chamber 3 comprises an interface, the tabs 63 of the initiator 62 being configured to be able to be connected to said interface when the fire extinguisher 1 is inactivated.
  • the fire extinguisher 1 is activated by sending an on signal to the initiator 62 via the tabs 63 of the initiator 62, and the piston 5 is moves opposite the bottom 2b of the pressurizing chamber 3, the legs 63 of the initiator 62 are released from the interface by simple translation.
  • the gas generator 6, or more precisely the initiator 62, can be activated by an electric current.
  • the activation of the gas generator 6 can be controlled automatically by the aircraft's on-board computer.
  • the activation of the gas generator 6 can be activated manually by the pilot from the cockpit of the aircraft.
  • the pressurization chamber 3 When the fire extinguisher 1 is inactivated, the pressurization chamber 3 has a non-zero volume containing a volume of gas thermally insulating the gas generator 6. Air is preferably present in the pressurization chamber pressure 3. Indeed, the presence of air in the pressurization chamber 3 allows good thermal insulation of the gas generator 6 present in the piston 5. We do of course not depart from the scope of the invention if the chamber pressurization 3 was filled with a gas other than air having a lower thermal conductivity.
  • the volume of the pressurization chamber 3 when the extinguisher 1 is inactivated is determined so as to obtain a controlled pressure when triggering the gas generator 6, in order to ensure satisfactory triggering of said gas generator 6.
  • the distance d 3 between the first bottom wall 2b of the body 2 and the gas generator 6, that is to say the distance between the gas generator and the wall of the pressurization chamber 3 opposite the gas generator gas, may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm even when the fire extinguisher 1 is inactivated.
  • This distance d 3 is measured along the axis of movement of the piston or the longitudinal axis X.
  • the minimum dimension of the pressurizing chamber 3 along the longitudinal direction 1 mm even when fire extinguisher 1 is inactivated. This ensures that there is a sufficiently large thickness of air or insulating gas on the side of the gas generator 6 to improve the insulation of said gas generator 6.
  • the distance between the gas generator and a wall of the pressurizing chamber is measured ignoring the presence of flexible wires or tabs ensuring the connection between the gas generator and the wall(s) of the pressurizing chamber.
  • a extinguishing agent is present in the storage chamber 4.
  • the extinguishing agent may be present in the liquid state.
  • the extinguishing agent may be present in the gaseous state.
  • the extinguishing agent can be FK-5-1-12 or Novec TM 1230.
  • Novec TM 1230 makes it possible to lower the temperature of the fire in the engine environment by vaporizing at the exit of the extinguisher and helps lower the oxygen level.
  • Novec TM 1230 also has the advantage of being dielectric and leaving no residue.
  • the piston 5 comprises a projecting portion 52a.
  • the projecting portion 52a is present on the second face 52 of the piston.
  • the projecting portion 52a extends into the storage chamber 4.
  • the projecting portion 52a of the piston 5 is surrounded by the extinguishing agent present in the storage chamber 4.
  • the thermal insulation housing 50 is present at less partly in the projecting portion 52a.
  • the gas generator 6 is surrounded by the extinguishing agent present in the storage chamber 4.
  • the gas generator 6 is present at least partly in the projecting portion 52a.
  • the gas generator 6 can be mainly, or even entirely, present in the projecting portion 52a of the piston 5.
  • the gas generator 6 can be housed in the thickness of the piston 5, for example without creating extra thickness, as illustrated in the figures 1 And 2 .
  • the gas generator 6 is thus isolated on one side by the air or gases present in the pressurizing chamber 3, and isolated on the other sides by the extinguishing agent present in the storage chamber 4.
  • the projecting portion 52a may have a circular section, a oblong or revolution section.
  • the shape of the projecting portion 52a is adapted to the dimensions of the thermal insulation housing 50.
  • the dimensions of the thermal insulation housing 50 are preferably adapted so as to remove as much material as possible in the piston 5, in order to obtain a fire extinguisher of reduced mass.
  • the projecting portion 52a of the piston 5 is formed by making a groove 52b on the second face 52 of the piston 5, said groove 52b surrounding the gas generator 6.
  • This hollowed-out shape of the piston 5 advantageously makes it possible to lighten it.
  • the groove 52b opens into the storage chamber 4. Extinguishing agent is present in the groove 52b when the extinguisher 1 is inactive.
  • the groove 52b does not open into the pressurization chamber 3.
  • the groove 52b is formed so as to produce a secondary projecting portion 52c of the piston 5 around said groove 52b, the secondary projecting portion 52c of the piston 5 being in contact with the side wall 2a of the body 2.
  • the sealing device 55 is therefore preferably disposed between the secondary projecting portion 52c of the piston 5 and the side wall 2a of the body 2.
  • the piston 5 is configured to communicate to the extinguishing agent present in the storage chamber 4 the pressure imposed by the gas generated by the gas generator 6 in the pressurization chamber 3.
  • the direction of application of the pressure by the piston 5 on the extinguishing agent to be ejected is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis the gas generator 6 in the pressurization chamber 3.
  • the gas generator 6 can be configured so as to impose on the extinguishing agent a minimum pressure greater than or equal to 15 bar when cold, that is to say i.e. when activating the extinguisher 1.
  • the gas generator 6 can be configured so as to impose on the extinguishing agent a maximum pressure less than or equal to 100 bar when hot, i.e. say after activation of the extinguisher 1. It is the general knowledge of those skilled in the art to design a gas generator allowing the application of the desired maximum and minimum pressure values.
  • the fire extinguisher 1 may further comprise a shutter 11 sealingly sealing the outlet orifice 10 and configured to allow the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value.
  • the shutter 11 is configured to prevent, when it is in a first configuration, the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2.
  • the shutter 11 is further configured to pass into a second configuration when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value, this second configuration of the shutter 11 authorizing the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2.
  • the shutter 11 can , for example, be in the form of a membrane configured to give way when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value.
  • the shutter 11 can, for example, be a membrane made of aluminum or an Inconel ® type alloy.
  • the gas generator 6 is first actuated in order to pressurize the pressurizing chamber 3. This overpressure created in the pressurizing chamber 3 is transmitted by the piston 5 to the extinguishing agent present in the storage chamber 4. Once a predefined value has been reached for the pressure in the storage chamber 4, the shutter 11 passes into a second configuration allowing the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 through from the outlet port 10. As shown in the figure 2 , the piston 5 is moved towards the second bottom wall 2c in order to cause the distribution of the extinguishing agent. The piston 5 is then set in motion along the longitudinal axis X. The extinguishing agent can be distributed outside the extinguisher 1.
  • the volume of the pressurization chamber 3 increases and the volume of the storage chamber 4 decreases.
  • the sum of the volume of the pressurization chamber 3 and the volume of the storage chamber 4 is constant during the distribution of the extinguishing agent.
  • the piston 5 is configured to move without deforming during the distribution of the extinguishing agent.
  • the first face 51 of the piston 5 undergoes the pressure of the gas generated, this pressure is communicated to the second face 52 of the piston 5 in order to allow the distribution of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2.
  • the piston 5 causes, during its movement, the distribution of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 in the manner of a syringe.
  • the fire extinguisher 1 is particularly interesting for extinguishing fires in an aircraft engine.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an aircraft engine 100 comprising fire extinguishers 1 according to the invention.
  • the example of an aircraft engine 100 is a dual-body, dual-flow aircraft turbomachine comprising, from upstream to downstream, in the direction of flow of the air flow, a fan 200, a compressor low pressure 300, a high pressure compressor 400, a combustion chamber 500, a high pressure turbine 600, and a low pressure turbine 700.
  • the invention can be applied to a turbomachine having a different structure.
  • the primary flow is delimited by an internal casing 800
  • the secondary flow is delimited by the internal casing 800 and by an external casing 900.
  • the external casing 900 includes the fan casing.
  • the fire extinguisher(s) 1 can be placed on the internal face of the external casing 900, or on the external face of the casing 800, near the combustion chamber 500 or the compressors 300, 400.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
EP23202367.1A 2022-10-13 2023-10-09 Motorfeuerlöscher Pending EP4353329A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2210554A FR3140768A1 (fr) 2022-10-13 2022-10-13 Extincteur d’incendie de moteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4353329A1 true EP4353329A1 (de) 2024-04-17

Family

ID=85036999

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23202367.1A Pending EP4353329A1 (de) 2022-10-13 2023-10-09 Motorfeuerlöscher

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4353329A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3140768A1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3630412A (en) * 1970-04-08 1971-12-28 Stanford Research Inst Method and apparatus for generating aerosols
SU588987A1 (ru) * 1976-06-15 1978-01-25 Предприятие П/Я А-1928 Устройство пожаротушени
WO2022153011A1 (fr) * 2021-01-15 2022-07-21 Arianegroup Sas Dispositif d'extinction d'un feu

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3630412A (en) * 1970-04-08 1971-12-28 Stanford Research Inst Method and apparatus for generating aerosols
SU588987A1 (ru) * 1976-06-15 1978-01-25 Предприятие П/Я А-1928 Устройство пожаротушени
WO2022153011A1 (fr) * 2021-01-15 2022-07-21 Arianegroup Sas Dispositif d'extinction d'un feu

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3140768A1 (fr) 2024-04-19

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