EP4348792A1 - Système énergétique - Google Patents

Système énergétique

Info

Publication number
EP4348792A1
EP4348792A1 EP22734116.1A EP22734116A EP4348792A1 EP 4348792 A1 EP4348792 A1 EP 4348792A1 EP 22734116 A EP22734116 A EP 22734116A EP 4348792 A1 EP4348792 A1 EP 4348792A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy
energy system
converter
voltage
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22734116.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Kündiger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bos Balance Of Storage Systems Ag
Original Assignee
Bos Balance Of Storage Systems Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bos Balance Of Storage Systems Ag filed Critical Bos Balance Of Storage Systems Ag
Publication of EP4348792A1 publication Critical patent/EP4348792A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy system with at least one energy store for storing electrical energy and at least one inverter.
  • each storage device is assigned a circuit which has the task of converting the energy from the AC network or from the renewable energy into the DC voltage present on the storage side when charging the energy storage device Discharge to convert the storage-side DC voltage into an AC grid voltage, which is synchronized with this if an AC grid is present, or is designed to form a grid in the case of an island grid.
  • Such stand-alone grids are used as individual systems away from the public power grid, combined to form a mini-grid or increasingly in mobile applications such as mobile homes or portable devices, as well as in countries/regions with an unstable power grid as an emergency power supply.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create an energy system which has good efficiency over a wide range of applications. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the energy system has a modular structure with regard to energy storage and/or inverters.
  • the energy system can be adapted to the respective operating conditions.
  • the battery modules of a battery store are connected to one another in series and/or in parallel.
  • this ensures a higher output voltage of the battery storage due to the series connection, so that a smaller transmission ratio is required for the DC/AC conversion and, on the other hand, the necessary power is made available through the parallel connection.
  • This charge equalization ensures that the individual battery modules are each optimally charged and discharged, thus minimizing wear and tear on the battery modules. According to a development of the invention, it is also extremely advantageous if a DC/DC converter is provided for each battery store or each battery module, which can be galvanically decoupled.
  • the output voltage of the respective battery storage or battery module is adapted to the desired output voltage and input voltage of the DC/AC converter. Due to the galvanic decoupling via the DC/DC converter, a freely selectable voltage, usually a safety extra-low voltage, is provided potential-free. If the DC/DC converter is bidirectional, the battery modules can also be charged via it.
  • a very advantageous development of the invention is also provided when a DC/DC converter is provided which generates a first system voltage which can be higher, lower or the same as the voltage of one or more battery modules, with the DC/DC converter having a galvanic isolation have and can be bidirectional.
  • a system voltage is defined by this DC/DC converter, which enables optimal operation of the system and also the controlled charging and discharging of the other energy storage devices.
  • energy can be exchanged between the battery modules or the system can be charged by a DC generator or the like.
  • a defined and controlled charge equalization between the battery modules can take place.
  • a DC/AC converter which can be bidirectional.
  • the energy system can also be connected to an AC network.
  • Three-phase versions are conceivable.
  • the respective converter or the respective converter combination is selected depending on the operating state of the energy system, it being possible to select the converter or that converter combination which has the lowest losses.
  • the performance of the system can also be regulated briefly in such a way that the safety devices can be triggered, i.e. short-circuit currents are provided, which is necessary in isolated operation to trigger circuit breakers and fuses.
  • the power limitation is activated with a delay, which would otherwise immediately lead to the system being switched off.
  • a further very advantageous development of the invention is also present when efficient charging electronics are provided for charging the battery store, and these can also be designed as a simple rectifier circuit with appropriate adjustment of the voltage of the battery store.
  • the battery store for a voltage just below the mains voltage, that is to say for a 230V mains at 150 to 200V, so that charging can be implemented using a simple, clocked rectifier circuit.
  • the charging electronics can be integrated into the DC/AC converter. In the event of an unstable power grid, energy can still be drawn from the grid while the DC/AC converter is used to generate a stable AC output voltage to supply the loads.
  • the energy system has different energy sources on the AC and/or DC side and/or different energy stores, in particular battery stores with modules made of lithium batteries, preferably LiFeP04 batteries, lead-acid batteries, redox flow batteries or other types of storage combined.
  • batteries preferably LiFeP04 batteries, lead-acid batteries, redox flow batteries or other types of storage combined.
  • a first battery store with modules made of lithium accumulators, in particular LiFeP04 cells can be provided, while a second battery store is provided with a lead-acid battery, the on-board network of a vehicle or a store with good long-term properties, in particular a redox flow battery.
  • the energy flows in the DC/AC converter to the first storage are, according to the properties of the battery storage, significantly larger than the energy flows in the DC/DC converter or to the second battery storage, which has a particularly positive effect on the efficiency and the manufacturing costs of the components, but also the Extended lifetime of the individual memories.
  • the energy sources are galvanically decoupled via the DC/DC converter.
  • the DC/AC converter can be set up simply and inexpensively without galvanic isolation and with a higher voltage by connecting the battery modules in series.
  • the DC circuit is designed with regard to its voltage in such a way that the DC/AC converter only has one has a small transformation ratio in terms of voltage or does not have to transform the voltage, but only has to shape the AC voltage.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is also present when the DC converter has only a small transmission ratio with regard to the voltage.
  • circuits of the converters are constructed in such a way that the negative poles of the DC voltage systems correspond to the neutral conductor of the AC voltage systems and there is thus a common reference potential.
  • each of the two storage systems has an associated DC/AC converter that generates a half-wave of the AC voltage and if the neutral conductor of the AC voltage system has a common reference potential with the center of the storage modules.
  • DC/AC DC/AC
  • a half-wave can be formed directly from any battery storage device without having to implement the negative half-wave by changing the potential on the DC side or by using a more complex circuit. This is particularly useful if the maximum current of the battery is to be provided directly as a short-circuit current on the AC side in the negative half-wave without first being converted in a coil or electronic circuit.
  • the center tap between the memory modules is then the reference potential for the neutral conductor of the AC voltage system.
  • the storage systems can also be arranged spatially separately from one another.
  • the clamps of the memory modules are protected so that no unwanted effects or even personal injury or damage to the memory modules or the system can occur.
  • lithium accumulators are to be protected here.
  • An interaction with the vehicle electrical system is conceivable.
  • the components, in particular the DC/DC converter can be dimensioned significantly smaller and cheaper than the DC/AC converter.
  • a very advantageous development of the invention is also present when several self-sufficient energy systems are combined at least temporarily to form an overall system, with the energy systems also being able to be arranged spatially separately. Depending on requirements and energy availability, a flexible system can be created.
  • control unit is provided for each energy system or also superordinately for several energy systems.
  • control unit ensures the proper and efficient operation of the individual systems and also of several energy systems in the network.
  • the control unit can be provided as a separate unit or can also be integrated into the respective energy system, the converter unit or a battery store.
  • a very advantageous use is when the energy system has particularly low standby losses and high efficiency, especially in the lower partial load range, when forming an island network due to the non-galvanically isolated DC/AC converter.
  • Another very advantageous use of the energy system according to the invention is when the energy system enables the integration of energy sources such as PV modules within the safety extra-low voltage, as is often desired in caravans and mobile homes.
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an energy system according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the circuit of two inverters, which generate an AC voltage with a fixed central potential
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a generated sine curve, which has a clocked and an unclocked component
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the circuit of a simple, two-stage DC/AC converter.
  • the invention relates to an improved energy storage system for storing electrical energy and an improved circuit arrangement for integrating one or more energy storage devices and energy sources, such as photovoltaics, into an AC network.
  • each storage device When using one or more storage devices and an AC network or renewable energies, each storage device is assigned a circuit which has the task of converting the energy from the AC network or from the renewable energy into the DC voltage present on the storage side when charging the energy storage device Discharge to convert the storage-side DC voltage into an AC grid voltage, which is synchronized with this if an AC grid is present, or is designed to form a grid in the case of an island grid.
  • Such island grids are separate from the public power grid as individual systems, combined to form a mini-grid or increasingly in mobile applications such as RVs or portable devices, as well as in countries / areas with unstable power grid as an emergency power supply.
  • the inverter circuit is bidirectional.
  • the battery voltage of the first battery storage is selected to be similar to or slightly below the effective value of the mains voltage, so that the battery storage can also be charged by a simple rectifier from very unreliable mains with strongly fluctuating voltage and frequency or from motor-driven generators without AVR voltage regulation, while the more complex inverter circuit is only required for feeding into an AC grid. This minimizes losses.
  • the selection of the battery voltage of the first battery should on the one hand be so low that it can be easily formed from a variable number of battery modules in the safety extra-low voltage range, on the other hand it should be as high as possible so that the conversion losses to AC remain as small as possible and DC-side components are dimensioned for the lowest possible current be able.
  • all components can be designed for a current of 20A, which then allows an inverter power of 3...5kVA AC per inverter module.
  • an inverter power of 3...5kVA AC per inverter module 3...5kVA AC per inverter module.
  • the result is a three-phase power of 10kVA, with a maximum unbalanced load of 5kVA on one phase being possible.
  • circuits with a high clock frequency can be combined with power electronics based on silicon carbide (SiC) or gallium nitride (GaN) with circuits that enable larger short-circuit currents or lower standby energy requirements.
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • GaN gallium nitride
  • the optimal operating mode can be selected with regard to other parameters such as system efficiency or security of supply.
  • This higher-level controller can either be designed separately or integrated into one of the components, in particular into the inverter module or one of the inverter modules.
  • the energy storage system is designed in such a way that in the typical operating case, especially in the lower partial load range, the best efficiency is achieved and in standby for AC grid formation the energy is provided from one or more energy storage devices with the lowest possible losses. This application usually occurs in stand-alone grids. In addition, the energy storage system has good properties for operating an island grid. A simple installation and modularity with low manufacturing costs is also given.
  • the galvanically decoupled DC/DC converter is then primarily intended to operate a higher-level controller, the DC loads, additional batteries and a generator (alternator) and only has to transmit less power.
  • each battery module is assigned a galvanically isolated DC/DC converter, this creates an active charge equalization (balancing) between the individual modules Battery modules allowed.
  • the transmission ratio between, for example, a 12V vehicle electrical system and 48V battery modules is 1:4, which is significantly smaller than when the energy has to be converted from a series connection of the 48V modules with a larger transmission ratio.
  • the inverter is preferably housed in a standardized housing with control and connections and, if required, with up to three modular power units.
  • the power of a power unit is in the range of 3-5kW.
  • the total power can be scaled by using several power units in parallel.
  • it is also conceivable to limit the power for example depending on the number of battery modules. So it is conceivable that on the DC side everything is always designed for a maximum of 20 A, but the power is limited by the use of different system voltages.
  • a housing optimized for small volume in which only one power unit for single-phase application can be used, is used for smaller outputs, such as island networks for simple households, camping or mobile homes.
  • the performance can also be reduced via software.
  • a power reduction by changing the configuration of the printed circuit boards.
  • the AC side, load side is always part of the inverter.
  • An AC input or a bidirectional interface to the power grid can be designed as an optional module.
  • Mains monitoring and mains disconnection can also be provided as an optional module.
  • another DC/DC converter can also be integrated into the energy system as a step-down converter, which is preferably equipped with an MPPT tracker for PV modules. This creates the possibility of charging a first energy storage device with a high PV voltage with a low transmission ratio or additional energy storage devices with a larger transmission ratio.
  • connection point for an energy source in particular photovoltaic, can be selected.
  • the present invention provides at least one galvanically coupled converter which, with a low transformation ratio, makes an AC voltage available from a DC voltage, which is preferably 20 to 100% of the effective value of the AC voltage, from a battery store.
  • a galvanically isolated DC/DC converter of lower power is preferably provided for the integration of a further voltage level with an overall larger transformation ratio, to which, for example, starter batteries, redox flow batteries or fuel cells can be integrated.
  • FIG. 1 An energy system according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1, for example.
  • All battery packs 1 are each equipped with a galvanically isolated DC/DC converter 2 .
  • the outputs of the DC/DC converters are connected to one another in parallel, as a result of which an energy exchange (balancing) between the battery packs 1 can take place with a low transmission ratio in the DC/DC converters 2 .
  • a vehicle electrical system battery 3 with 12V or 24V is connected to the DC/DC converters 2 . With this, too, an energy exchange can take place with a low transmission ratio.
  • Balancing between the individual battery packs 1 can now take place via the DC/DC converter 2 .
  • the vehicle electrical system battery 3 can be charged. If the vehicle electrical system battery 3 is charged externally, for example by a generator/alternator (not shown), energy can be transferred from the vehicle electrical system to the battery pack 1 from the vehicle electrical system battery 3 .
  • the DC/DC converters 2 are galvanically isolated.
  • the series-connected battery packs 1 form a voltage that can be converted into an AC voltage with a low transformation ratio in an inverter or DC/AC converter 6 .
  • An AC voltage of 230V is generated here.
  • a plurality of switched AC connections 7 can be provided on the DC/AC converter 6, which enable both synchronization and separation of further AC networks or prioritized load switching.
  • the DC/AC converter 6 it is also conceivable for energy to be fed into the battery packs 1 in this way.
  • a further DC/DC converter 5 which can also be designed as a PV charge controller, it is possible to efficiently integrate further energy sources, such as PV modules 4 and energy converters such as fuel cells or energy storage devices at a higher voltage level.
  • the inverter 6 is designed for a power of 4 kW, so that a protection with 20 A, matching the usual protection, comes into consideration.
  • the DC-side components are also usually designed for 20A.
  • the MPPT charge controller 5 is designed for ten PV modules with 330 Wp and thus for an approximate maximum voltage of approx. 450V on the PV side at approx. 10A current. This is converted to the 200V battery voltage.
  • inverters can be interconnected.
  • the individual systems are self-contained, but still modular.
  • Fig. 2 is a circuit of a DC/AC converter 6 in which a sine wave can be formed from a DC source 1 with only a single coil, while the negative pole of the DC side has the same potential as the neutral conductor of the AC side.
  • switches are provided.
  • the switches can be designed as semiconductors, especially Mosfet, also with Mosfet arranged in pairs for bidirectional use.
  • the use of GaN or SiC Mosfet with high clock frequencies is also possible.
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit of a DC/AC converter 6 in which the common potential in the middle of the battery pack 1 is connected to the neutral conductor on the AC side.
  • One converter is used to generate a half-wave responsible.
  • a galvanically isolated DC/DC converter 2 can be arranged on each of the battery packs 1 and is connected to other battery systems 3 .
  • the combination with other DC/DC converters and a three-phase version is also possible.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a sine wave, which is composed of a clocked part and a non-clocked part, which corresponds to the battery voltage. This also shows how, in the case of a short circuit, in contrast to a sine wave generated from 400V, it is easier to provide a high short circuit current directly from the battery without having to expect an overvoltage when switching off on the load side.
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit of a DC/AC converter, which can be manufactured particularly easily and cheaply. However, there is no common potential between the DC connection and the AC connection. This converter is therefore particularly suitable as an additional converter, which can, for example, provide a sine signal with low power for standby operation via a DC connection that is already galvanically decoupled.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système énergétique qui comprend au moins un accumulateur d'énergie (1) pour accumuler de l'énergie électrique et au moins un onduleur (6), le système énergétique étant conçu de manière modulaire par rapport à l'accumulateur d'énergie (1) et/ou l'onduleur (6) ; l'utilisation du système énergétique lors de la formation d'un réseau indépendant ayant des pertes à vide particulièrement faibles dues à l'utilisation d'un convertisseur CC/CA non isolé galvaniquement, ainsi qu'une efficacité élevée en particulier dans la plage de charge partielle faible ; ainsi que l'utilisation dudit système énergétique dans lequel des sources d'énergie, par exemple des modules PV, peuvent être intégrées au système énergétique dans la tension de protection extrêmement basse, comme cela est souvent souhaité dans les camping-cars et caravanes.
EP22734116.1A 2021-05-29 2022-05-26 Système énergétique Pending EP4348792A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021113937.6A DE102021113937A1 (de) 2021-05-29 2021-05-29 Energiesystem
PCT/EP2022/064358 WO2022253695A1 (fr) 2021-05-29 2022-05-26 Système énergétique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4348792A1 true EP4348792A1 (fr) 2024-04-10

Family

ID=82258457

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22734116.1A Pending EP4348792A1 (fr) 2021-05-29 2022-05-26 Système énergétique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20240146071A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4348792A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2022285815A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021113937A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022253695A1 (fr)

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US7248490B2 (en) 2004-06-17 2007-07-24 Gaia Power Technologies, Inc. Battery and inverter configuration with increased efficiency
US8872379B2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2014-10-28 Johnson Controls Technology Company Efficient usage, storage, and sharing of energy in buildings, vehicles, and equipment
DE102009054485A1 (de) 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 SB LiMotive Company Ltd., Suwon System zur dezentralen Speicherung und Generierung elektrischer Energie
US9207735B2 (en) * 2011-08-02 2015-12-08 Gram Power, Inc. Power management device and system
DE102014002592A1 (de) 2014-02-24 2015-08-27 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Schaltungsanordnungen und Verfahren zum Abgreifen elektrischer Leistung von mehreren Modulsträngen
MX2018002967A (es) * 2015-09-13 2018-06-11 Alpha Tech Inc Sistemas y metodos de control de potencia.
EP3217465A1 (fr) 2016-03-08 2017-09-13 BOS Balance of Storage Systems AG Systeme de stockage d'energie electrique
US9627894B1 (en) 2016-04-06 2017-04-18 Solarcity Corporation Modular solar inverter
WO2018035236A1 (fr) * 2016-08-16 2018-02-22 Helion Concepts, Inc. Système de fourniture d'énergie électrique de matériel/logiciel reconfigurable, intelligent et polyvalent destiné à des applications en réseau et hors réseau
DE202019101228U1 (de) 2018-03-03 2019-06-24 RIVA GmbH Engineering Batteriespeichersystem
US11351886B2 (en) 2019-01-21 2022-06-07 Ruichen Zhao Systems and methods for electric vehicles with modular battery packs
WO2020204931A1 (fr) * 2019-04-04 2020-10-08 General Electric Company Systèmes et procédés destinés à des unités de conversion d'énergie modulaires dans des systèmes d'alimentation
US11081893B2 (en) 2019-06-03 2021-08-03 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Removable high voltage battery components
DE102019217277A1 (de) 2019-11-08 2021-05-12 Mabedra Holding GmbH Energiespeichereinheit, Energiespeichersystem, Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Energiespeichereinheit und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Energiespeichersystems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2022285815A1 (en) 2024-01-04
DE102021113937A1 (de) 2022-12-01
WO2022253695A1 (fr) 2022-12-08
US20240146071A1 (en) 2024-05-02

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