EP3562701A1 - Découplage basse tension composé d'un système modulaire accumulateur d'énergie-onduleur - Google Patents

Découplage basse tension composé d'un système modulaire accumulateur d'énergie-onduleur

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Publication number
EP3562701A1
EP3562701A1 EP17825847.1A EP17825847A EP3562701A1 EP 3562701 A1 EP3562701 A1 EP 3562701A1 EP 17825847 A EP17825847 A EP 17825847A EP 3562701 A1 EP3562701 A1 EP 3562701A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
converter
energy
modules
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17825847.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Florian Helling
Thomas Weyh
Arthur Singer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universitaet der Bundeswehr Muenchen
Original Assignee
Universitaet der Bundeswehr Muenchen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universitaet der Bundeswehr Muenchen filed Critical Universitaet der Bundeswehr Muenchen
Publication of EP3562701A1 publication Critical patent/EP3562701A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of electrical engineering. More particularly, it relates to a modular energy storage inverter system including at least one inverter arm comprising a plurality of standard modules connected in series, and to a vehicle and method utilizing such a modular energy storage cycloconverter system.
  • Battery systems are becoming increasingly important in many areas of technology.
  • One particularly important application concerns electric vehicles, where battery systems are a key component for the mobility of the future.
  • BMS battery management systems
  • a power-electronic converter which serves to stabilize the output voltage or to generate a desired phase of an AC voltage.
  • a so-called. Load converter is required for charging the battery system usually another inverter.
  • the prior art of battery systems described has a number of disadvantages.
  • One drawback is that the operating points of the system are either not or only slightly adaptable to the current requirements and that the overall performance of the system is typically limited by the weakest subunit in the network.
  • BMS which uses passive balancing of energy storage cells, energy is deliberately wasted by converting electrical energy into thermal energy and dissipating it. Furthermore, it is especially in passive balancing that the weakest cell in the composite determines the total capacity, for example, by making it necessary to stop charging or discharging.
  • BMSs with more active balance are usually based on shifting energy between cells by reloading.
  • this reloading always involves a loss of energy and can also reduce the life of the cells.
  • all cells in the system are of the same type and have as few differences as possible in their electrical and physical properties.
  • current systems typically require a high level of engineering and filtering to increase energy consumption and costs.
  • Similar problems as in battery systems also occur in energy conversion systems, which include, for example, fuel cells or solar modules as energy conversion elements. Even in such power conversion systems, a plurality of cells are connected in parallel to increase the total voltage in series and to increase the charge or current flow.
  • This energy storage converter system comprises at least one converter arm, which contains a plurality of standard modules connected in series.
  • Each of the said standard modules comprises at least a first terminal and at least one second terminal, an electrical energy storage element, in particular a battery, or a power conversion element, and a plurality of switches.
  • the at least one first terminal of the one standard module is connected directly or via a component connected therebetween to the at least one second terminal of the other standard module.
  • the energy storage converter system further comprises a control device, which is adapted to obtain information regarding the current state of charge of the storage elements or voltage or power of the energy conversion elements, and which is suitable, at least part of said plurality of switches in dependence on the current state of charge to drive the memory elements or the current power or voltage of the energy conversion elements in a power delivery mode such that the converter arm as a whole provides a desired voltage or phase of a desired voltage.
  • the said standard modules are designed and controllable in such a way that the memory element or energy conversion element of a module can optionally be deactivated or decoupled.
  • deactivating a storage element / energy conversion element means that the element in question is not involved in the energy delivery process or charging process
  • One way to accomplish this is to disconnect at least one pole of the storage element / energy conversion element from the remainder of the module using a switch.
  • the energy storage converter system of DE 10 2014 110410 is distinguished from conventional battery storage systems with a rigid cell interconnection by a higher efficiency, flexible scalability, greater redundancy, a reduced number of system components, a nearly lossless compensation of the state of charge and an inherent reliability of the Overall system despite failure of individual memory elements off.
  • These advantages mean that the energy storage inverter system DE 10 2014 110410 is considered as a particularly promising solution for the electric drive of a vehicle.
  • vehicles also require a supply of additional consumers, such as brake boosters, lighting, power steering, antilock braking system, entertainment systems and air conditioning.
  • additional special consumers are added, such as battery cooling, insulation monitors and the battery management system.
  • a variety of such consumers must be supplied not only during operation of the vehicle, but also at rest and during the charging process, this is true for example for the pre-air conditioning before and the battery cooling after driving and during the charging process.
  • systems that are safety-relevant for the operation of storage systems such as an isolation monitor in high-voltage systems and the battery management system, continue to run even when the battery is "switched off", ie if the high-voltage battery is electrically isolated from the rest of the vehicle, for example in the case of Accidentally, which may be accomplished automatically or by, for example, assistants operating a corresponding switch, but such electrical disconnection may also be provided during maintenance or when the vehicle is parked without being charged.
  • a battery management system usually supplies itself directly from the cells, and can thus monitor the cells even when the high-voltage storage is switched off.
  • higher-level systems such as insulation monitoring, must be supplied independently of the high-voltage storage in order to remain functional even in the event of an error or emergency shutdown of the high-voltage storage.
  • a battery-buffered or capacitor-buffered low-voltage network is indispensable in electric vehicles with high-voltage storage.
  • the term "low voltage” refers to voltages in a range from about 12 to 48 V, which differs from the usual usage in electrical engineering.
  • the low-voltage network In current electric vehicles, the low-voltage network, often referred to as a “low-voltage DC bus” (LV DC bus) or “low-voltage DC bus” (NV DC bus), by means of a DC-DC converter supplied from the main battery storage.
  • LV DC bus low-voltage DC bus
  • NV DC bus low-voltage DC bus
  • HV-DC bus high-power consumers are usually operated directly with the voltage of the high-voltage on-board network, the so-called HV-DC bus, which, however, entails certain risks in view of the additionally required high-voltage cabling in the vehicle.
  • the invention has the object of providing a modular energy storage inverter system of the type mentioned in such a way that it allows an efficient supply of low voltages without limiting the desired functionality.
  • the modular energy storage inverter system of the aforementioned type comprises at least one low-voltage module (KS module), wherein
  • the KS module has as many first and second connections as a standard module, the at least one first connection of the KS module with the at least one second connection of an adjacent standard module and / or the at least one second connection of the KS module with the at least one first terminal of a neighboring standard module is connected directly or via an intermediate component, and the KS module comprises a converter with two inputs and two outputs, wherein the outputs of the converter are connected to associated low-voltage lines, in particular NS-DC buses.
  • the standard modules and the KS module are switchable so that the inputs of the converter optionally with the memory element / energy conversion element of a neighboring standard module
  • the converter can be decoupled from the storage element / energy conversion element.
  • the "decoupling" of the converter from the memory element / energy conversion element can mean that the converter is bypassed by a bypass switching state, so that the converter is not located in the active current path or is not involved in an energy release process or a charging process. It should be noted that in this variant it is not absolutely necessary that the inputs of the converter can be selectively connected to the storage element / energy conversion element of an adjacent standard module both serially and anti-serially, but this is the case in the preferred embodiments.
  • the standard modules and the KS module are switchable so that the inputs of the converter can optionally be connected in parallel with the storage element / energy conversion element of an adjacent standard module, or the converter can be decoupled from the storage element / energy conversion element.
  • the converter in which the converter is optionally (ie in a first switching state) connected in parallel is switched off or (in a second switching state) can be decoupled, it is not absolutely necessary that in addition the possibility of a serial and an antiserial circuit is provided, but this is the case in preferred embodiments.
  • modules of a new type are provided, which are referred to here as KS modules, and which are integrated into the converter arms in a similar manner, like the standard modules.
  • the KS modules may be connected between standard modules in a converter arm, or provided at one of the ends of the converter arm, but are always connected to a standard module directly or via an intermediate component.
  • the KS module includes a plurality of switches that allow the inputs of the converter to be selectively connected or disconnected serially or antiserially to the storage element / power conversion element of an adjacent standard module and / or the inputs of the converter selectively to parallel with the memory element of an adjacent control module or to decouple the transducer from the memory element.
  • the outputs of the converter are connected to associated low-voltage lines, in particular NS-DC buses, via which the low voltage can be effectively decoupled from the converter.
  • the KS module can be easily integrated into the converter both structurally and also in terms of control and control technology, the converter - much like a storage element of a standard module - being able to be treated as a common source or sink in multilevel converter mode.
  • all degrees of freedom of the system for interconnecting modules can be profitably exploited for decoupling in the low-voltage network, but also for a possible coupling of energy from the low-voltage network in the energy storage inverter system.
  • this makes it possible to simultaneously provide a low-voltage network and operate an electric motor with AC polyphase current.
  • the modular energy storage inverter system may also be HVDC systems that use a modular multi-level converter.
  • the high voltage may be several hundred kV
  • the voltage to be coupled out which then corresponds to the "low voltage” described herein, is, for example, an AC voltage of 23 ⁇ V.
  • the term "low voltage” is used in the most general application of the KS modules thus not on an absolute Value of the voltage at the outputs of the converter, but that this voltage is My compared to the voltage applied to the inverter as a whole.
  • the solution according to the invention has a plurality of significant advantages.
  • This includes an efficient transfer of energy between the energy storage inverter system and the low voltage grid.
  • the decoupling of energy into the low-voltage grid can be used with high efficiency in every working area of the energy storage inverter system.
  • the construction cost is relatively low, since only small voltage differences occur, a small number of components is needed, and no or at most a small amount of filter is needed.
  • the decoupling is independent of the maximum voltage of the system, and is ready for use in any operating condition of the system, without the high frequency must be switched, the inverter system.
  • the use of the KS modules according to the invention offers a high level of efficiency in the "idle state", due to the constant connection of the KS module with one or more standard modules of the system over an extended period of time
  • An example of such a “sleep state” is approximately the case that an electric vehicle is at a traffic light and thus currently no current flows through the engine.
  • the inputs of the converter can be switched for example in parallel to one or more memory elements in one or more standard modules of the converter system.
  • Another example of "hibernation” is the state in which the energy storage inverter system is charged to external terminals by DC power.
  • the KS modules are bidirectionally usable in preferred embodiments, so that they not only deduct energy from the inverter system, but also can supply this. If the energy storage inverter system is used for battery systems of electric vehicles, the KS module can be used, for example, for the so-called trickle charging, if the vehicle is not used for a long time to avoid self-discharge. For this purpose, a simple DC power supply can be used, which is connected to the outputs of the converter.
  • the "outputs of the transducer" represent the inputs with respect to the energy level, and this allows the battery to have a comparatively low voltage across the outputs of the converter of the KS
  • the battery system of an electronic vehicle which can provide a voltage of 800 V, for example, to charge via solar power with a DC voltage of, for example, only 48 V via the KS module.
  • the system of the invention is a "modular" system because it includes a plurality of standard modules connected in series, each of which is either an electrical energy storage element, such as a battery or capacitor, or a power conversion element, for example include a solar cell or a fuel cell that can convert chemical or light energy into electrical energy It is possible that the same system may include both electrical energy storage elements and energy conversion elements, in fact, even a single module may include both a storage element and an energy conversion element.
  • embodiments are primarily considered in which only memory elements, for example batteries or battery cells, are present, although it is also conceivable that the system contains exclusively energy conversion elements but the main applications of the system involve cases in which at least one electrical energy storage element is provided, the system is referred to as an "energy storage system", which in the language of the present disclosure should also include the special case that the system comprises only energy conversion elements.
  • energy storage system which in the language of the present disclosure should also include the special case that the system comprises only energy conversion elements.
  • the converter system may be implemented as a "direct converter system" which is designed to control at least a part of the plurality of switches in dependence on the current state of charge of the storage elements or the current power or voltage of the energy conversion elements in a power delivery mode such that the inverter arm as a whole already supplies a desired voltage or phase of a desired voltage, so that no further inverter is required, but as mentioned above the system can also be designed as HVDC converter or the like.
  • a voltage which is smaller than the voltage of the converter arm in particular a DC voltage of less than 120 V, preferably between 10 and 48 V, or a voltage, is present between the outputs of the converter of the KS module AC voltage less than 50 V.
  • the term "low voltage" in the present disclosure is not intended to denote absolute values of voltage, but to express that voltage less, for example by a factor of at least 5, preferably of at least 10 mm is the maximum voltage applied to the inverter arm as a whole.
  • each standard module and the KS module each have at least two first terminals and at least two second terminals, wherein in each case two adjacent modules, the first terminals of one module connected directly or via the said intermediate component with the second terminals of the other module are and the standard modules and the KS module are switchable so that two memory elements / energy conversion elements or a memory element / energy conversion element and the converter in adjacent modules can be selectively connected in series or in parallel.
  • the said standard modules are preferably designed and controllable in such a way that the memory elements or energy conversion elements of two standard modules, which are separated by at least one intermediate standard module with deactivated storage element / energy conversion element, can optionally be connected in parallel and in series.
  • the internal circuit of the KS module is constructed identically to that of a standard module, except that instead of the energy storage / energy conversion element of the converter is provided, wherein in the KS module, the inputs of the converter in place of the poles of the energy storage / Energy conversion element of the standard module occur. This facilitates the integration of the KS module in the converter system in terms of both structural, as well as in functional and control engineering terms.
  • the converter of the KS module comprises or is formed by a DC / DC converter, a DC / AC converter or a rectifier.
  • the inputs of the converter KS module are separated vanish from the outputs thereof.
  • the energy storage inverter system comprises a plurality of KS modules which are provided in different converter arms, wherein preferably at least one KS module is provided in each converter.
  • the low voltage can in principle also be coupled out with a single KS module, the use of several KS modules has proven to be advantageous for two reasons. One reason is an increased reliability of the low voltage supply. The other reason is that a charge balance between different converter arms via the low voltage line, so for example the DC bus is possible via the KS modules, regardless of the topology of the inverter. In fact, with certain topologies, it is costly, inefficient, or not at all possible to accomplish such charge equalization between the inverter arms.
  • KS module in each converter arm, which are connected by a low-voltage network in a simple and effective manner.
  • the KS modules according to the invention it is even possible to exchange charge between converter arms on separate converter systems, for example in an electric vehicle which comprises two motors and two separate converter systems (ie apart from a coupling via the low-voltage lines and the KS modules)
  • the KS modules which are provided in converter arms on separate converter systems, could be connected via the low-voltage lines, and thus allow a charge exchange between the converter systems.
  • the energy storage inverter system comprises a plurality of KS modules, wherein the outputs of the respective converter of the plurality of KS modules are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the outputs of the respective converter of the plurality of KS modules are connected in parallel with a battery.
  • This battery may be, for example, the "backup battery” of the low voltage network or "NS bus” mentioned at the outset.
  • the KS module comprises an energy store, in particular a battery or a capacitor, which is connected between the outputs of the converter of the KS module. This energy storage, for example, act as a buffer memory. This is particularly useful when no "backup battery" is provided in the low voltage network or LV bus to smooth voltage fluctuations of the converter and buffer fast load changes.
  • the KS module comprises an energy store, in particular a capacitor which is connected between the inputs of the converter of the KS module.
  • the KS module can also generate a PWM, if no power is to be delivered to the low voltage network.
  • the voltage on the input side of a DC / DC converter can be stabilized. If a battery is connected between the inputs of the converter, this can completely replace a "backup battery" in the extra-low voltage network.
  • the KS module In an advantageous development of the energy storage inverter system, energy can be transferred bidirectionally from and into the converter arm by the KS module.
  • the memory elements of the standard modules of the converter can be loaded from the outside via the KS module.
  • the KS module is thus not only used to decouple low voltages from the inverter system, but also for charging the system from the outside. This is of great practical importance, especially in applications in electromobility.
  • the control device is preferably set up to switch the inputs of the converter of the KS module antiserially to the energy-emitting storage elements in the standard modules of the converter arm in a state in which energy is output from a converter arm. As a result, the output voltage of the converter arm is reduced by the voltage at the inputs of the converter compared with the series connection of the energy stores of the standard modules of this converter arm.
  • the output voltage of the converter arm can be superimposed on a PWM, whereby the output voltage can be smoothed, as explained below with reference to an embodiment.
  • This offers the further advantage that the standard modules in turn do not need to be designed for a PWM, which considerably reduces the demands on the switching frequency and the control of the circuit of the standard modules.
  • the control device in a state in which energy is supplied to the converter arm, the control device is set up to switch the inputs of the converter of the KS module in series with the energy-receiving storage elements in the standard modules in the converter arm, and / or in a state in which in which neither energy is supplied to the converter arm nor energy is supplied from the converter arm, the inputs of the converter of the KS module are anti-serial to one or more storage elements in standard form. dardmodulen the Umrichtarms to switch, and / or in a state in which neither supplied energy to the Umrichtarm nor emit energy from the Umrichterarm to switch the inputs of the converter of the KS module in parallel with one or more memory elements in standard modules of the Umrichtarms.
  • control device is adapted to control at least a portion of said plurality of switches in response to the current state of charge of the memory elements or the current power or voltage of the power conversion elements in a charging mode to at least a portion of the memory elements by an external voltage applied to the converter AC - or to charge DC voltage.
  • no additional charging converter is used, such as is currently required in electric cars.
  • the system of the invention can be effectively charged by any external voltages. This has a great advantage, for example, when used in electric vehicles, because there is no need for an additional charging converter in the vehicle, or because charging stations with such a charging converter are not required, which enormously increases flexibility. Instead, the electric car z. B.
  • the memory element / energy conversion element of a standard module is preferably deactivatable by a position of its associated switches in which at least one of the poles of the memory element / energy conversion element is not connected to any of the first and second terminals.
  • deactivating a memory element / energy conversion element many possibilities are conceivable for deactivating a memory element / energy conversion element, and the invention is not limited to any specific circuit.
  • such systems have proven to be advantageous in which one of the poles of the memory element / energy conversion element can be decoupled by an associated switch from the rest of the standard module. This allows the desired functionality with a comparatively small number of switches.
  • one of the poles of the memory element / energy conversion element can be decoupled by an associated switch from the rest of the standard module.
  • the standard modules are operable in all four quadrants of the current-voltage level.
  • the standard modules are preferably designed and controllable such that the memory elements / energy conversion elements of two adjacent modules
  • the standard modules can only be operated in two quadrants of the current-voltage level. But an additional circuit is provided, by which a chain of series-connected two-quadrant modules can be reversed as a whole.
  • the said four-quadrant modules can be formed at least partially by a repolourable chain of at least two two-quadrant modules.
  • a KS module can then be inserted into the chain of 2-quadrant modules and be constructed similarly as a 2-quadrant module, or provided as a 4-quadrant module outside the chain. Concrete examples are disclosed in the aforementioned DE 10 2014 110 410 Al and described in detail, and are incorporated by reference into the present disclosure.
  • the at least two outer terminals in the first and / or last module of the converter are connected to each other.
  • the energy storage inverter system includes two, three, four, five or more inverter arms.
  • the at least two outer terminals in the first and / or last module of a converter arm are preferably connected separately to at least two outer terminals of a module of an adjacent converter arm.
  • the "module” may refer to both the standard module and the KS module.
  • said two, three, four, five or more inverter arms are interconnected in a star topology or in a ring topology.
  • the two, three, four, five or more converter arms are preferably connected in a ring topology such that the at least two outer terminals of each converter arm are separately connected to the at least two outer terminals of the adjacent converter arm.
  • the control device is adapted to control at least a part of the plurality of switches so that at least two mutually independent ring currents can flow through the ring of converter arms.
  • one ring current can be used to compensate for an asymmetry of a corresponding multi-phase network.
  • the three currents of a three-phase network are not the same in magnitude.
  • the ring current of the ring topology enables a power transfer of the phases with each other in such a way that the currents appear to be the same amount from the point of view of the source.
  • the second ring current can be used to compensate the charge states of individual storage / energy conversion elements - even across the phases of the inverter.
  • the switches are at least predominantly formed by semiconductor elements, in particular FETs, IGBTs, IGCTs or thyristors.
  • the storage elements are formed by one or more of the following elements:
  • the energy conversion elements are formed by solar cells, fuel cells or thermocouples.
  • control device is suitable for determining groups of standard modules whose memory elements are to be connected in parallel,
  • control device is set up to control at least a part of said plurality of switches in dependence on the current state of charge of the memory elements in such a way that the voltages or charge states of the memory modules are adjusted before the memory elements of the standard modules of the group are connected in parallel by:
  • standard modules or standard module subgroups which have a lower voltage or a lower charge state, are preferably charged, and / or
  • standard modules or standard module subgroups having a high voltage or a high state of charge are preferably discharged.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to an electric drive for a vehicle, comprising a modular energy storage converter system according to one of the embodiments described above, and
  • the low-voltage electrical system is powered by at least one KS module of the energy storage inverter system with energy.
  • the modular energy storage converter system comprises three converter arms, which in operation respectively provide a phase of the three-phase supply of an electric motor.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for decoupling a voltage from a modular energy storage inverter system according to one of the embodiments described above or for charging the memory elements of the standard modules of such a modular energy storage inverter system, wherein the standard modules and the KS module so to be switched, that at the outputs of the transducer is present a voltage to be coupled out, or that at least a part of the memory elements of the standard modules by a voltage applied to the outputs of the converter of the KS module, are loaded.
  • a voltage which is smaller than the voltage of Umrichtarms in particular a DC voltage of less than 120 V, preferably between 10 and 48 V, or an AC voltage of less than 50 V.
  • each standard module and the KS module each comprise at least two first connections and at least two second connections,
  • the said standard modules are preferably controlled in such a way that the storage elements or energy conversion elements of two standard modules, which are separated by at least one intermediate standard module with deactivated storage element / energy conversion element, are connected in parallel.
  • a plurality of KS modules are provided in different converter arms, the KS modules being switched such that charge equalization between the different converter arms is effected via the low-voltage lines, in particular between converter arms of separate converter systems.
  • energy is preferably discharged from the converter arm through the KS module, and in a second operating state energy is transferred by the KS module energy into the converter arm, in particular to the energy storage of the standard modules of the Umrichterarms from the outside via the KS module load,
  • the inputs of the converter of the KS module are switched anti-serially to the energy-emitting storage elements in the standard modules of the converter arm, and / or
  • the inputs of the converter of the KS module are connected in series with the energy-receiving storage elements in the standard modules in the converter arm, and / or
  • the inputs of the converter of the KS module are antiserially switched to one or more storage elements in standard modules of the converter arm, and / or
  • the switches of the KS module are preferably connected with a higher switching frequency , as the switches of the standard modules.
  • a charging mode at least part of the storage elements are charged by an external AC or DC voltage applied to the converter arm.
  • two, three, four, five or more converter arms are interconnected in a ring topology such that the at least two outer terminals of each converter arm are separately connected to the at least two outer terminals of the adjacent converter arm,
  • the modular energy storage inverter system is used in a drive for an electric vehicle, wherein a low-voltage electrical system is powered by at least one KS module of the energy storage inverter system with energy, the low-voltage electrical system is used to supply consumers of the vehicle.
  • the energy stores of the modular energy storage inverter system are charged via the vehicle electrical system and the at least one KS module.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an energy storage inverter system according to an embodiment of the invention with a single inverter arm. shows a specific embodiment of the standard modules and the KS module in a Umrichtarm an energy storage inverter system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2A shows a simplified KS module for coupling an AC voltage comprising two first and two second terminals.
  • Fig. 2B shows another simplified KS module for coupling an AC voltage, which comprises two first and two second terminals.
  • Fig. 2C shows yet another simplified KS module for coupling out an AC voltage, similar to that of Fig. 2A, but comprising only a first and a second terminal.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further concrete embodiment of the standard modules and the KS module in a converter arm of an energy storage converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further concrete embodiment of the standard modules and of the KS module in a converter arm of an energy storage converter system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • each module comprises only a first and a second connection.
  • Fig. 6 shows an electric drive for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows an electric drive for a vehicle according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows the structure of an energy storage inverter system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 9 shows an electric drive for a vehicle according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of an energy storage inverter system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. Ii shows the time course of an exemplary output voltage of a Umrichtarms, which is superimposed on the PWM by a KS module
  • Figures 12-16 show four quadrant modules with two first and two second terminals.
  • Figures 17-22 show four quadrant modules with three first and three second terminals.
  • Figures 23-24 show two quadrant modules with two first and two second terminals.
  • 25-26 show two-quadrant modules with three first and three second terminals and with an additional circuit for reversing a series connection of such modules.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a modular energy storage inverter system 10 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the system 10 includes a converter arm 12 that includes a plurality of standard modules (SM) 14 connected in series.
  • SM standard modules
  • Each of the SMs 14 has two first terminals 16 and two second terminals 18.
  • the first terminals 16 of one SM are directly connected to the second terminals 18 of the adjacent SM.
  • terminals of adjacent modules may also be connected indirectly via an intermediate component.
  • Each of the SMs 14 includes an electrical energy storage element, particularly a battery, or a power conversion element (not shown in FIG. 1) and a plurality of switches (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • Under battery can be understood in turn a single cell or a parallel and / or series connection of cells of a battery.
  • the system 10 of FIG. 1 includes a controller 20 configured to obtain information regarding the current state of charge of the storage elements (not shown) or the voltage or power of the energy conversion elements (not shown).
  • the control device 20 is adapted to control at least a portion of said plurality of switches in response to the current state of charge of the memory elements or current power or voltage of the power conversion elements in a power delivery mode such that the inverter arm 12 as a whole provides a desired voltage between its end terminals 22 supplies.
  • the first terminals 16 of the leftmost module 14 and the second terminals 18 of the rightmost module 14 are brought together and the applied voltage is tapped.
  • control device 20 can be understood symbolically. This may be in each case one or more lines to the modules 14 or a radio link; Furthermore, the control device 20 can also be connected via a data bus to one or more modules, so that control information can be passed on to other modules via the data bus.
  • the control device 20 can control the plurality of switches in a state of charge in such a way that an energy absorption at a given voltage level at the end connections 22 is possible.
  • the SMs 14 in the preferred embodiments are configured and controllable such that the memory element or energy conversion element of an SM 14 can be selectively deactivated, and
  • the memory elements or energy conversion elements of two SM 14, which are separated by at least one intermediate module 14 with deactivated storage element / energy conversion element, are optionally switchable in parallel and in series.
  • deactivating a memory element / energy conversion element means that the element in question is not involved in the energy delivery process or a charging process, by the ability to "skip" individual deactivated modules 14, and yet those modules 14 that are disabled by disabled modules - are disconnected, optionally parallel and in series, virtually any voltage waveforms can be generated as output to the terminals 22, and the system 10 can be charged by virtually any voltage applied to the external terminals 22 voltages, whether DC or AC in both cases so that a lossy transfer between the modules 14 can be avoided.
  • parallel and “series” of modules are intended to mean that the respective electrical energy storage elements or elements are connected in parallel or in series.
  • the Umrichterarm 12 includes a KS module 40.
  • the KS module 40 has, as a standard module (SM) 14, two first terminals 42 and two second terminals 44.
  • the KS module This means that the first terminals 42 of the KS module 40 are connected to the second terminals 18 of the one adjacent SM 14, and its second terminals 44 are connected to the first terminals 16 of the other adjacent SM 14 are connected.
  • the KS module 40 further comprises a converter 46 with two inputs 48 and two outputs 50.
  • the converter 46 is a DC-DC converter.
  • the standard modules 14 and the KS module 40 are switchable so that the inputs 48 of the converter 46 can optionally be connected in series with the memory element (not shown) of an adjacent SM 14 in an anti-series connection can be, or decoupled from the memory element, in particular can be electrically isolated.
  • the outputs of the converter 46 are connected to a DC bus 60, which represents an example of the low-voltage line mentioned above.
  • a low-voltage current source 62 in the exemplary embodiment shown, a battery 62 is supplied via the DC bus 60.
  • each SM 14 includes a storage element 26 for electrical energy, which may be, for example, a rechargeable battery or an ald umulator. It is understood that other memory elements are possible, for example a capacitor or a reddox flow cell. Furthermore, it is understood that instead of the memory elements 26 also energy conversion elements can be used, For example, solar cells, fuel cells or thermocouples, without being explicitly pointed out in the following description.
  • the SM 14 of FIG. 2 includes nine switches 28, which are here represented by a generic symbol for the sake of simplicity.
  • the switches 28 may be formed by a MOSFET 30 and a freewheeling diode 32, see FIG. Fig. 3. It is understood, however, that other switches can be used, in particular IG-BTs, IGCTs or thyristors. It should be understood that all of these capabilities can be used in any embodiment, as long as this is consistent with the circuit topology.
  • the SM 14 of FIG. 2 is operatively connected to a controller (not shown in FIG. 2) corresponding to the controller 20 of FIG.
  • This control device receives information regarding the current state of charge of the memory element 26 or the current power or voltage, if instead of the memory element 26, an energy conversion element is present. Furthermore, this control device 20 is suitable for driving the switches 28 of the module 14 and thereby actuating them.
  • the SM 14 of FIG. 2 is a four-quadrant module, that is, a module that can be operated in all four quadrants of the current-voltage plane.
  • the corresponding memory elements 26 of these adjacent modules can be connected in series with the same polarity.
  • the memory element 26 can be deactivated by opening the switch 28, which adjoins the lower pole of the memory element 26 in the illustration of FIG. 2.
  • the memory elements 26 of not only adjacent SMs 14 but also those modules 14 separated by one or more deactivated SMs 14 may be selectively connected in series and in parallel.
  • the KS module 40 has a very similar structure to the SM 14. The only difference is that, instead of the memory element 26 provided in an SM 14 and the illustration shown immediately below in FIG Memory element 26 adjacent switch 28 of the transducer 46 is provided, wherein the inputs 48 of the converter 46 take the place of the poles of the energy storage 26 of the SM 14.
  • one of the switches 28, which directly adjoins one of the inputs 48 of the wander 46 is shown by dashed lines, in order to indicate that this switch can optionally also be omitted.
  • the transducer 46 includes a transformer 56 and a rectifier 54.
  • the two ends of the primary coil of the transformer 56 thus correspond to the "inputs" 48 of the transducer 46, which in this variant is AC
  • the term "input” 48 of the converter 46 therefore primarily indicates that the associated poles or connections are provided "on the input side", and is not inconsistent with the fact that in this embodiment a Current flows into one input 48 and out of the other input 48.
  • the use of the transformer 56 causes the outputs 50 of the converter 46 to be galvanically isolated from its inputs 48. As will be further seen in Fig.
  • the KS comprises Module 40 an energy storage 52, in particular a battery or a capacitor, which is connected between the outputs 50 of the converter 46 of the KS module 40.
  • an energy storage 52 in particular a battery or a capacitor, which is connected between the outputs 50 of the converter 46 of the KS module 40.
  • the CS module 40 of FIG. 2 offers all the mentioned possibilities with regard to the parallel connection, series connection, anti-serial circuit and decoupling or deactivation.
  • simplified KS modules 40 come into question, as shown in Fig. 2A to 2C.
  • Fig. 2A shows a CS module 40 in which the transducer 46 is formed by a transformer arrangement in which the inputs 48 of the transducer 46 are connected to a primary coil and the outputs 50 of the transducer 46 to a secondary coil.
  • the inputs 48 of the converter 46 ie the ends of the primary coil, are serially connected to the energy stores of the adjacent standard modules 14 in a first switching state, so that a current flows through the primary coil, and is in a second Switching state, the primary coil of the energy storage of the left in Fig. 2A standard module 14 decoupled, so that no current through the primary coil le flows.
  • an alternating current is generated in the primary coil, which can be coupled via the secondary coil.
  • a switch 28 is shown in phantom to indicate that this switch may also be omitted in certain embodiments. Namely, if the primary coil is short-circuited by closing the other switch 28, virtually no current flows through the primary coil anyway, so that it can be effectively considered as “decoupled” or “deactivated” even without additional open switch.
  • Fig. 2B shows an even simpler embodiment with only one switch 28, by the actuation of which an alternating current in the primary coil can be generated. Notwithstanding the embodiment of Fig. 2A, the primary coil can not be short-circuited and not directly bridged. This may be acceptable depending on the design of the standard modules 14, because the KS module 40 has two first and two second terminals 42, 44, so that a current flow through the KS module 40 is also possible outside the primary coil, as shown in FIG. 2B can be seen.
  • FIG. 2C shows an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 2A, but relating to KS modules 40 having only first and second ports 42, 44.
  • Fig. 3 shows a modification of the structure of Fig. 2, in which the KS module 40 comprises the same "ninth" switch 28 as the SM 14, so that the KS-PWM module 40 is even more similar to the SM 14.
  • the only modification is that the energy storage 26 of the SM 14 is replaced by the primary winding of the transformer 56.
  • Fig. 4 shows still another modification of the structure of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3: in the illustration of Fig. 4, the transducer 46 is formed by a DC-DC converter.
  • KS module 40 comprises an energy store 58, in the exemplary embodiment shown a capacitor which is connected between the inputs 48 of the converter 46.
  • the input voltage of the DC-DC converter 46 corresponds to the voltage which is applied to the energy store 58 of the KS module 40.
  • the KS module 40 of FIG. 4 includes all components of the standard module 14 of FIG. 4, so that in this case the KS module 40 may be considered a special case of a standard module. This means that deviating from the representation of FIG. 4, the entire system 10 could also be built exclusively from such KS modules 40.
  • the present disclosure thus does not rule out that the said standard modules and KS modules are structurally identical, as long as they fulfill the conditions defined here.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a converter arm 12 with three SM 14 and a KS module 40.
  • the modules 14, 40 are of simpler construction and in particular each have only one first connection 16 or 42 and one second connection 18 or 44.
  • the KS module 40 is basically the same structure as the SM 14, with the only difference that instead of the energy storage 26, an energy storage device 58 is provided, to which a voltage is applied , which forms the input voltage of the DC-DC converter 46.
  • the SMs 14 are of the type described in patent DE 10103031 to R. Marquardt, "Distributed Energy Storage Power Converter Circuits". These SMs 14 do not allow the energy stores to be selectively connected in parallel, instead, only a desired number of SMs 14 can be connected in series and the remaining number of SMs 14 disabled, thus providing a desired voltage across the inverter arm 12 as a whole receive. Although these SMs 14 are limited in functionality over the SM 14 described above with two first and two second terminals 16, 18, they can be used in practical applications due to their simplicity and the fact that they can be realized with comparatively few switches 28 Meaning.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of an electric drive for a vehicle. This drive comprises a modular energy storage inverter system 10 with three converter arms 12.
  • Each inverter arm 12 includes a plurality of SM 14, and a KS module 40 with associated DC-DC converter 46.
  • the outputs 50 of all DC-DC converters are via a DC bus 60 connected in parallel with a battery 62, through which all consumers of the vehicle, which are not part of the drive, can be supplied with power.
  • the two outer terminals in the first and last modules 14, 40 of each converter arm 12 are connected together.
  • the three converter arms 12 form a triangular topology, wherein at the corners of the triangle thus formed, the three phases of a three-phase current are generated, with which a motor 70 can be driven.
  • a charging connection 72 is provided, via which the energy storage converter system 10 can be charged.
  • each converter arm 12 has its own KS module 40, although in principle a single such module 40 could be sufficient to supply the battery 62 with low voltage or low voltage, ie typically between 10 and 20 V. supply.
  • KS module 40 in this embodiment, the use of a separate KS module 40 in each converter arm 12 increases the reliability of the low-voltage supply.
  • a charge balance between different converter arms 12 via the DC bus 60 can be achieved via the KS modules 40.
  • Fig. 7 shows a very similar construction as Fig. 6. The only difference is that in the embodiment of Fig. 7, the outputs 50 of the transducers 46 of the KS modules 40 are not connected to a common DC bus, but with different systems are connected. These systems can be consumers, for example a motor 74, but they can also be solar cells 76, generators or fuel cells, via which energy is introduced into the energy storage converter system 10. This is readily possible because the KS modules shown permit bidirectional transfer of energy into and out of the energy storage converter system 10.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment, which likewise contains three converter arms 12, in each of which a KS module 40 is provided, which contains a DC-DC converter 46.
  • the outputs 50 of the transducers 46 are connected in parallel with a battery 62 via a DC bus 60.
  • the topology of the inverter arms 12 deviates from the triangular topology of FIG. 6: in FIG. 8, the one ends of each inverter arm 12 are connected together and are at ground potential. At the respective other ends of the inverter arms 12 are the three phases of a three-phase current.
  • the inverter arms 12 are shown in parallel in FIG. 8, this corresponds to a star topology.
  • FIG. 9 shows another embodiment similar to that of Fig. 6.
  • the terminals of the modules 14 and 40 which are located at the respective ends of the inverter arms 12, not merged.
  • the advantage of this topology is that two controlled and independent ring currents can be performed, one ring current can be used, for example, to compensate for asymmetry of the consumer, while the second ring current to compensate for the charge states of individual energy conversion or. Memory elements - even over the phases of the system 10 - can be used.
  • a charge or discharge via only two of the three taps 22 with alternating current or DC Ström can take place.
  • the topology can be extended to any number of phases.
  • step 8o the state of charge of the low-voltage battery 62 is checked.
  • step 82 it is checked if the low-voltage battery 62 needs to be charged. If this is not the case, it means that the KS modules 40 can enter a sleep state (step 84), and the process returns to the start.
  • step 82 If it is determined in step 82 that the LV battery 62 must be charged, it is checked in the subsequent step 84, if the HV system voltage is greater than the voltage of the KS module 40.
  • the HV system voltage is the voltage is applied to the end terminals 22 of a Umrichtarms 12. If this is not the case, the process proceeds to step 86 where the KS module 40 is switched in parallel to all available standard modules 14 of the system 10. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step 88 where it is checked whether the inverter arm 12 is emitting energy. If so, the KS module is anti-serially switched to adjacent SM 14 in step 90. Otherwise, the KS module is serially switched to adjacent SM 14 in step 92.
  • step 94 it is determined in step 94 whether a pulse width modulation is necessary. If so, the CS module 40 performs the PWM in step 96. Otherwise, the KS module 40 generates steps without PWM in step 98. The process returns to the start and starts again.
  • FIG. 11 shows the time profile of an exemplary output voltage of the converter arm 12, which is superimposed on the PW modulation by the KS module 40.
  • the output voltage shows the typical staircase shape that results when a discrete number of energy stores in the standard modules 14 are selectively connected in series. As shown in FIG. 11, these steps are overlaid with a PWM signal which is generated by the fact that the KS module 40 (more precisely the inputs 48 of the converter 46 thereof) is pulse-width modulated alternately serially (or anti-serially) and parallel to Energy storage 26 is connected in adjacent standard modules 14. This results overall in a smooth sinusoidal shape.
  • the standard modules 14 are themselves set up for the PWM, so that they can switch on and off in a clocked manner at a high frequency, thereby approximating the total voltage in the time average to an ideal sine.
  • this has the disadvantage that in this case all standard modules 14 would have to be responsive to the PWM frequency, which would typically be at least 20 kHz. This leads to a high load of the control system, especially in systems with a large number of modules. For battery-based systems, the resulting high-frequency charge-discharge current is detrimental to battery life.
  • the PWM is performed by the KS module 40 as shown in FIG.
  • FIGS. 12-16 show examples of four-quadrant modules each having two first and two second terminals 16, 18.
  • Fig. 12 shows the series connection of a plurality of standard modules 14, in which the combination of MOSFET 30 and freewheeling diode 32 has been replaced by a simple switch symbol. Furthermore, in the series connection, a single standard module 14 was identified by a dashed box.
  • Fig. 13 shows a series connection of standard modules 14 of another type with only six switches 28 per module 14, wherein a single SM 14 is again indicated by a dashed box.
  • the reference numerals for the switches 28 and the memory elements are omitted since they are not needed for the understanding.
  • module is to be broadly understood in the present disclosure with respect to both the standard module 14 and the CS module 40.
  • the modules 14, 40 will desirably be separate assemblies that are combined together however, in other embodiments, the modules 14, 40 are merely functional units within a circuit without the modules 14, 40 being structurally separate in any way.
  • the SM 14 of FIG. 13 also includes a switch through which a pole of the memory element can be disconnected from the rest of the module to disable the memory element.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 show two further four-quadrant modules 14 each having two first and two second terminals 16, 18 with seven or six switches per module 14.
  • the memory element can likewise be located Disable 26, however, no switch is provided for this purpose, which is directly adjacent to a pole of the memory element 26.
  • FIG. 16 shows an embodiment with only five switches per standard module 14.
  • the standard modules 14 do not permit the parallel connection of two standard modules 14 which are separated by one or more deactivated standard modules 14.
  • Fig. 16 indicates the possibility of deactivating the memory elements in some other way. For example, if the storage element is a redox flow cell, it can be disabled by shutting off the pump. In this way, therefore, the memory element could likewise be deactivated by activation by the control unit (not shown), but not by switching one of the switches explicitly shown here.
  • FIGS. 17-22 show embodiments of four-quadrant modules each having three first terminals 16 and three second terminals 18. A generalization to more than three first and second connections is possible for the expert in view of the principles presented here. Note that the SM 14 of FIG. 22, similar to that of FIG. 16 alone, is not yet able to switch SM 14, which are separated by one or more deactivated SMs 14, in parallel due to the switches 28 shown. The SMs 14 of Figs. 16 and 17 are identical per se, with the exception of the first or last module of the chain.
  • FIGS. 23 and 24 show exemplary embodiments of two-quadrant modules each having two first and two second terminals 16, 18.
  • FIGS. 25 and 26 show exemplary embodiments of two-quadrant modules each having three first and three second terminals 16, 18.
  • a chain of two quadrant modules may be reversed as a whole by an additional circuit 34 as shown in Figs. 25 and 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système modulaire accumulateur d'énergie-onduleur (10), comprenant au moins un bras d'onduleur (12) qui comprend une pluralité de modules standard (14) montés les uns derrière les autres, et au moins un module très basse tension (module KS) (40), les modules standard (14) et le module KS pouvant être commutés de telle manière que les entrées (48) d'un convertisseur (46) du module KS peuvent être sélectivement connectées en série et/ou en opposition à l'élément d'accumulation (26) d'un module standard (14) adjacent, ou que le convertisseur (46) peut être découplé de l'élément d'accumulation (26), et/ou que les entrées (48) du convertisseur (46) peuvent être sélectivement connectées en parallèle à l'élément d'accumulation d'un module standard adjacent (14), ou que le convertisseur (46) peut être découplé de l'élément d'accumulation (26).
EP17825847.1A 2016-12-27 2017-12-21 Découplage basse tension composé d'un système modulaire accumulateur d'énergie-onduleur Pending EP3562701A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016125720.6A DE102016125720A1 (de) 2016-12-27 2016-12-27 Niedervoltauskopplung aus einem modularen Energiespeicher-Umrichtersystem
PCT/EP2017/084086 WO2018122094A1 (fr) 2016-12-27 2017-12-21 Découplage basse tension composé d'un système modulaire accumulateur d'énergie-onduleur

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EP3562701A1 true EP3562701A1 (fr) 2019-11-06

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US (1) US11799392B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3562701A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016125720A1 (fr)
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DE102016125720A1 (de) 2018-06-28
WO2018122094A1 (fr) 2018-07-05
US11799392B2 (en) 2023-10-24

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