WO2014154495A1 - Dispositif accumulateur d'énergie et système comprenant un dispositif accumulateur d'énergie - Google Patents

Dispositif accumulateur d'énergie et système comprenant un dispositif accumulateur d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014154495A1
WO2014154495A1 PCT/EP2014/054948 EP2014054948W WO2014154495A1 WO 2014154495 A1 WO2014154495 A1 WO 2014154495A1 EP 2014054948 W EP2014054948 W EP 2014054948W WO 2014154495 A1 WO2014154495 A1 WO 2014154495A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
coupling
storage device
storage cell
branch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/054948
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Waleed SAHHARY
Alexander Schmidt
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to CN201480018195.0A priority Critical patent/CN105052029B/zh
Publication of WO2014154495A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014154495A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy storage device, in particular one
  • Wind turbines or solar systems as well as in vehicles, such as hybrid or
  • Electric vehicles increasingly electronic systems are used that integrate elements of power electronics in the energy storage system.
  • the DC link is in this case of a string of serially interconnected battery modules or arbitrary
  • the rigid series connection of several battery modules involves the problem that the entire string fails if a single battery module fails. Such a failure of the power supply string can lead to a failure of the entire system. Furthermore, temporarily or permanently occurring power reductions of a single battery module can lead to power reductions in the entire power supply line.
  • the energy storage module strands in this case have a plurality of energy storage modules connected in series, each energy storage module having at least one energy storage cell and an associated controllable coupling unit, which makes it possible to interrupt the respective energy storage module strand depending on control signals or to bridge the respectively associated at least one energy storage cell or each associated with at least one energy storage cell to switch into the respective energy storage module string.
  • control of the coupling units for example by means of
  • Pulse width modulation also suitable phase signals for controlling the phase output voltage can be provided, so that a separate
  • Pulse inverter can be dispensed with. The to control the
  • Phase output required pulse inverters is thus integrated so to speak in the BDI.
  • BDIs usually have higher efficiency and higher
  • Coupling units can be switched out of the power supply lines.
  • the phase output voltage of an energy storage module string can be varied by appropriate activation of the coupling units and in particular be set in stages.
  • the gradation of the output voltage results from the voltage of a single energy storage module, the maximum possible
  • Energy storage modules of an energy storage module string is determined.
  • the publications DE 10 2010 027 857 A1 and DE 10 2010 027 861 A1 disclose battery direct inverters with a plurality of battery module strings, which can be connected directly to an electrical machine.
  • the energy storage module strands in this case have a plurality of energy storage modules connected in series, each energy storage module having at least one energy storage cell and an associated controllable coupling unit, which allows the respectively associated at least one in response to control signals Energy storage cell to bridge or switch the respectively associated at least one energy storage cell in the respective energy storage module string.
  • the coupling unit can be designed such that it additionally allows to switch the respective assigned at least one energy storage cell with inverse polarity in the respective energy storage module string or the respective
  • a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) control of the coupling units can take place. This makes it possible to output a desired mean value as energy storage module voltage by specific variation of the on or off times.
  • PWM pulse-width-modulated
  • the present invention in one aspect, provides an energy storage device configured to provide and / or receive electrical energy in the form of an n-phase current and an n-phase voltage, where n> 1.
  • Energy storage device comprises n phases, wherein the energy storage device may comprise, for example, three phases in star or delta connection.
  • Each of the phases includes a plurality of series connected energy storage modules.
  • the energy storage modules each comprise an energy storage cell coupling module with coupling module connections, and a coupling device with coupling elements which are designed to selectively switch the energy storage cell module via the coupling module connections into the respective energy supply branch or to bypass the respective energy supply branch.
  • Each of the energy storage cell coupling modules in turn has a coupling module string with a plurality of series-connected energy storage cell branch modules having an energy storage cell branch a series circuit of an energy storage cell branch coupling element and at least one energy storage cell and a parallel to the
  • the present invention provides a system having an n-phase electric machine, where n> 1, an energy storage device configured to provide and / or receive electrical energy in the form of an n-phase current and an n-phase voltage and having n power supply branches connected in parallel, each coupled between an output terminal and a reference potential rail, each of the
  • the energy storage modules each comprise an energy storage cell module, which has at least one energy storage cell, and a coupling device with coupling elements, which are designed to selectively switch or bypass the energy storage cell module in the respective energy supply branch.
  • the system further comprises n phase lines, each of which couples one of the output terminals of the energy storage device to each one of n phase terminals of the n-phase electric machine, and a control device configured to perform a method according to the invention.
  • Energy storage device to be constructed such that the number of coupling units can be minimized. This is achieved by constructing the energy storage cell modules of each energy storage module of an energy storage device in turn in a battery direct converter topology (BDC).
  • BDC battery direct converter topology
  • battery direct converter topology means that the
  • Energy storage cell modules of the individual energy storage modules have a series circuit of energy storage cells, which are assigned via memory module internal
  • the energy storage device has a hierarchical nesting structure in which a plurality of BDCs as
  • Energy storage cell modules are combined in a BDI.
  • Each of the energy storage modules can be variably modulated in its module output voltage, whereby the granularity of the total output voltage of a
  • Energy supply strand of the energy storage device set much finer can be used without having to resort to a PWM control of individual energy storage modules.
  • TDD Total Harmonic Distortion
  • Energy storage module itself is still in operation, i. others of the energy storage cells contribute to the output voltage of a power supply branch.
  • the availability of the entire system can be optimized.
  • this makes it possible to easily balance due to aging effects of the individual energy storage cells, what the overall supply capacity of
  • the coupling devices may comprise coupling elements in full-bridge connection.
  • the coupling devices may comprise coupling elements in a half-bridge circuit.
  • Energy storage device the energy storage cells lithium-ion Accumulators, double-layer capacitors, electrolytic capacitors or similar energy storage components include.
  • Bypass couplers include power semiconductor switches.
  • the power semiconductor switches insulated gate bipolar transistors, IGBT, junction field effect transistors, JFET, or metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, MOSFET include.
  • the n-phase electric machine may comprise a synchronous machine or a switched reluctance machine.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a system with a
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment variant for a
  • the system 100 shows a system 100 for voltage conversion of DC voltage provided by energy storage modules 3 into an n-phase AC voltage.
  • the system 100 comprises an energy storage device 1 with energy storage modules 3, which in
  • Power supply branches are connected in series, whereby electrical energy can be provided and / or absorbed by the energy storage device 1 in the form of an n-phase current and an n-phase voltage.
  • three energy supply branches Z1, Z2 and Z3 are shown in FIG. 1, which are suitable for generating a three-phase alternating voltage, for example for a three-phase machine.
  • the energy storage device 1 has at each
  • the system 100 in FIG. 1 serves to supply an electric machine 2.
  • the energy storage device 1 is used for buffering electric current for a
  • the system 100 may further include a controller 6 connected to the energy storage device 1 and by means of which the
  • Energy storage device 1 can be controlled to the desired
  • Output voltages to the respective output terminals 1 a, 1 b, 1 c provide.
  • the power supply branches Z1, Z2 and Z3 can at their end with a
  • Reference potential 4 (reference rail) are connected. This can lead to an average potential with respect to the phase lines 2a, 2b, 2c of the electric machine 2 and, for example, be connected to a ground potential. It can do that
  • Reference potential 4 for example, be coupled to the neutral point 4a of the electric machine 2.
  • Each of the power supply branches Z1, Z2 and Z3 has at least two energy storage modules 3 connected in series.
  • the number of energy storage modules 3 per power supply branch in FIG. 1 is three, but any other number of energy storage modules 3 is also possible.
  • each of the energy supply branches Z1, Z2 and Z3 comprises the same number of energy storage modules 3, but it is also possible for each
  • the energy storage modules 3 each have two output terminals 3a and 3b, via which an output voltage of the energy storage modules 3 can be provided. This aforementioned output voltage can be set independently of the voltage level of the DC voltage source in the energy storage module 3.
  • the energy storage modules 3 each comprise one
  • Coupling device 7 with a plurality of coupling elements 7a and 7c and optionally 7b and 7d.
  • the energy storage modules 3 further include one each
  • Energy storage cell coupling module 5 with one or more series-connected energy storage cell branch modules 15, as explained in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5 below.
  • the energy storage cell coupling modules 5 are connected via coupling module connections 5a, 5b to input terminals of the associated coupling device 7.
  • Coupling device 7 is exemplified in FIG. 2 as a full bridge circuit with two coupling elements 7a, 7c and two coupling elements 7b, 7d.
  • Coupling elements 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d can each have an active switching element, for example a power semiconductor switch, and a freewheeling diode connected in parallel with it.
  • the power semiconductor switches can, for example
  • FETs Field effect transistors
  • the freewheeling diodes can also be integrated in each case in the power semiconductor switch.
  • the coupling elements 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d in Fig. 2 can be controlled in such a way, for example by means of the control device 6 in Fig. 1, that the
  • Energy storage cell coupling module 5 is selectively connected between the output terminals 3a and 3b or that the energy storage cell coupling module 5 is bypassed in the respective power supply branch Z1, Z2, Z3 or bridged. For example, the energy storage cell coupling module 5 in the forward direction between the
  • Output terminals 3a and 3b are switched by the coupling element 7d bottom right and the coupling element 7a top left are placed in a closed state, while the other two coupling elements are placed in an open state.
  • a bypass state may be, for example be adjusted by the two coupling elements 7a and 7b are placed in the closed state, while the two coupling elements 7c and 7d are held in the open state.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an energy storage module 3.
  • the energy storage module 3 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the energy storage module 3 shown in FIG. 2 only in that the coupling device 7 has two instead of four coupling elements which are in half-bridge instead of full-bridge are interconnected.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • the energy storage cell coupling module 5 has a coupling module string Z with a plurality of series-connected energy storage cell branch modules 15.
  • the energy storage cell branch modules 15 each have branch module connections 15a, 15b, via which the energy storage cell branch modules 15 are connected in series. The number of energy storage cell branch modules 15 per
  • Energy storage cell coupling module 5 is shown in Fig. 4 by way of example with three, but each other number of energy storage cell branch modules 15 per
  • Energy storage cell coupling module 5 may also be possible.
  • each of the energy storage cell branch modules 15 includes a similar topology to the energy storage module 3 shown in FIG. the energy storage cell branch modules 15 each include one
  • the energy storage cell branch 16 in this case comprises a series circuit comprising an energy storage cell branch coupling element 17c and at least one energy storage cell 16a, 16k.
  • Energy storage cell branch coupling element 17c and the bypass branch coupling element 17a form a half-bridge circuit via which the energy storage cell branch 16 can be selectively connected to the energy storage cells 16a, 16k in the coupling module strand Z or bypassed or bypassed in that.
  • the energy storage cell branch module 15 can, for example, be connected in series with batteries 16a, 16k, for example lithium-ion batteries or accumulators,
  • Double layer capacitors or electrolytic capacitors have.
  • Energy storage cell branch module 15 exemplified two, but any other number of energy storage cells 16a, 16k is also possible.
  • the active switching elements as
  • Power semiconductor switches for example in the form of IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), JFETs (Junction Field Effect Transistors) or as MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors), be executed.
  • IGBTs Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
  • JFETs Joint Field Effect Transistors
  • MOSFETs Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors
  • each of the energy storage cell coupling modules 5 is in a sense constructed as a battery direct converter (BDC).
  • By-pass branch coupling elements 17a per energy storage cell branch module 15 different output voltages for each of the energy storage cell coupling modules 5 can be realized without relying on a pulse width modulation (PWM) method.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • Energy storage cell 16a, 16k in the coupling module string Z is separately on and coupled out.
  • a power supply branch Z1 to Z3 is thus a simultaneous charging and discharging of different energy storage cells 16a, 16k possible. This increases, for example, the range of a traction battery in which a
  • Energy storage device 1 is used, in particular at different aged internal resistances of the energy storage cells 16a, 16k. Can do this
  • phase lines 2a, 2b, 2c with respective of
  • Output terminals 1 a, 1 b, 1 c are connected, wherein the phase lines 2a, 2b, 2c are in turn connected to phase terminals of the electric machine 2 can.
  • the electric machine 2 may be a three-phase electric machine, for example a three-phase asynchronous machine
  • Synchronous machine or a switched reluctance machine which has 2d inductors 2d above the machine.
  • the energy storage device 1 can, for example, with a regenerative
  • Energy source e.g. a photovoltaic module
  • a local or central power grid e.g. House connection of the energy supplier
  • the energy storage device 1 may be connected to the electric generator of a coupled heat and power system and / or a local or central power grid, e.g.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
  • Energy storage device when connecting to a three-phase electrical machine.
  • the energy storage device in Fig. 6 according to the technical specifications with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 can be realized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif accumulateur d'énergie adapté pour fournir et/ou recevoir de l'énergie électrique sous la forme d'un courant n-phasé et d'une tension n-phasée, avec n ≥ 1. Le dispositif accumulateur d'énergie comprend n branches d'alimentation en énergie dont chacune comporte une pluralité de modules accumulateurs d'énergie câblés en série. Les modules accumulateurs d'énergie comprennent chacun un module de couplage d'éléments accumulateurs d'énergie possédant des bornes de module de couplage, et un dispositif de couplage équipé d'éléments de couplage adaptés pour relier sélectivement le module d'éléments accumulateurs d'énergie, par le biais des bornes du module de couplage, à la branche d'alimentation en énergie concernée ou pour contourner cette dernière. Chacun des modules de couplage d'éléments accumulateurs d'énergie comporte quant à lui une chaîne de modules de couplage comprenant une pluralité de modules de branches d'éléments accumulateurs d'énergie câblés en série qui comportent une branche d'éléments accumulateurs d'énergie, avec une connexion en série constituée d'un élément de couplage de branche d'éléments accumulateurs d'énergie et d'au moins un élément accumulateur d'énergie, et un élément de couplage de branche de contournement câblé en parallèle sur la branche d'éléments accumulateurs d'énergie.
PCT/EP2014/054948 2013-03-28 2014-03-13 Dispositif accumulateur d'énergie et système comprenant un dispositif accumulateur d'énergie WO2014154495A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201480018195.0A CN105052029B (zh) 2013-03-28 2014-03-13 能量存储设备和具有能量存储设备的系统

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013205562.5A DE102013205562A1 (de) 2013-03-28 2013-03-28 Energiespeichereinrichtung und System mit einer Energiespeichereinrichtung
DE102013205562.5 2013-03-28

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WO2014154495A1 true WO2014154495A1 (fr) 2014-10-02

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DE (1) DE102013205562A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014154495A1 (fr)

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US11152796B2 (en) 2016-06-24 2021-10-19 National Science Foundation Method and apparatus for uniform battery system state of charge management

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DE102015106196B3 (de) * 2015-04-02 2016-06-23 Rainer Marquardt Verlustarmer modularer Multilevelkonverter
GB2541352B (en) * 2015-04-30 2022-02-16 Porsche Ag Apparatus and method for an electric power supply
DE102015112513A1 (de) 2015-07-30 2017-02-02 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Matroschka-Umrichter
CN107482754A (zh) * 2017-10-13 2017-12-15 安徽全柴集团有限公司 基于开关磁阻电机应用的储能式供电站
CN107696873B (zh) * 2017-10-23 2023-12-22 西南交通大学 一种动车组牵引传动供电系统

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WO2012107150A2 (fr) * 2011-02-10 2012-08-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système comportant une machine électrique à excitation

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CN100521506C (zh) * 2007-02-02 2009-07-29 清华大学 带储能单元的多电平变频驱动装置
EP2363935B1 (fr) * 2010-03-04 2013-05-15 Nxp B.V. Circuit d'équilibrage pour éléments de stockage de charge
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US20050127853A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-16 Gui-Jia Su Multi-level dc bus inverter for providing sinusoidal and pwm electrical machine voltages
WO2012107150A2 (fr) * 2011-02-10 2012-08-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système comportant une machine électrique à excitation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11152796B2 (en) 2016-06-24 2021-10-19 National Science Foundation Method and apparatus for uniform battery system state of charge management

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Publication number Publication date
CN105052029B (zh) 2018-02-23
DE102013205562A1 (de) 2014-10-02
CN105052029A (zh) 2015-11-11

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