EP4348741A1 - Brennstoffzellensystem zum antrieb eines fahrzeugs - Google Patents
Brennstoffzellensystem zum antrieb eines fahrzeugsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4348741A1 EP4348741A1 EP22729459.2A EP22729459A EP4348741A1 EP 4348741 A1 EP4348741 A1 EP 4348741A1 EP 22729459 A EP22729459 A EP 22729459A EP 4348741 A1 EP4348741 A1 EP 4348741A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bearing
- electric motor
- fuel cell
- cell system
- rotor shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
- F16C32/0603—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a gas cushion, e.g. an air cushion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1005—Construction relative to lubrication with gas, e.g. air, as lubricant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system for driving a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, with a compressor, in particular a turbo compressor, for supplying air to a fuel cell on the cathode side, the compressor having an electric motor, a rotor shaft which is operatively connected to the electric motor in order to be driven in rotation by means of the electric motor and has a bearing arrangement which rotatably supports the rotor shaft in the compressor, the bearing arrangement having at least one air bearing with an air gap, which supports the rotor shaft in the compressor with a gap and is set up to do so when the rotor shaft reaches or exceeds a predetermined lift-off speed form a circumferential air gap.
- Fuel cell systems play a prominent role here.
- fuel cell systems In hydrogen-operated fuel cell systems, it is necessary to supply oxygen to the fuel cell on the cathode side, mostly in the form of pressurized air.
- Fuel cell systems are known in which the air supply on the cathode side is taken over by a compressor, in particular a turbo compressor.
- the compressors commonly used have a rotor shaft that is driven by an electric motor.
- the rotor shafts in the compressors of such systems reach very high speeds, so that the bearing of the rotor shafts is of central importance.
- Air bearings with aerodynamic air bearings have prevailed, which form a constant circumferential air gap when they reach their bearing-specific lift-off speed and thus put themselves in a state of levitation offset.
- the advantage of such air bearings is extremely low friction above the lift-off speed.
- the air bearings are also among the most sensitive parts of a compressor in fuel cell systems. If the rotating parts, preferably the rotor shaft or rotating parts connected to it, such as rotating bearing shells, touch parts that are in operation, such as stationary bearing shells, sliding friction occurs and thus wear, for example in the bearings. Since the optimum air supply to the fuel cell can no longer be guaranteed when the bearings are worn in extreme situations, the bearings must be replaced or serviced in good time, so that the life expectancy of a bearing is a determining factor for the length of the maintenance intervals for the compressor and thus for the fuel cell systems. Known fuel cell systems use bearings with a service life of approximately 8,000 to 9,000 operating hours.
- the invention was therefore based on the object of overcoming the challenges described above as far as possible.
- the invention was based on the object of specifying a fuel cell system of the type described initially, in which the maintenance intervals can be extended.
- the object of the invention was in particular to improve the longevity of the bearings in such systems.
- the invention solves the task on which it is based in a fuel cell system of the type described at the beginning, in that the compressor has an air bearing flow path, in particular for compressed air, which opens into the bearing gap and has an interface for fluid-conducting connection to a compressed air supply of the vehicle, and the fuel cell system further has a controllable shut-off element, which is arranged in the air bearing flow path between the compressed air supply and the bearing gap and is set up to selectively block and open the air bearing flow path, and in which the fuel cell system has a control unit which communicates signals with the Electric motor for controlling it and connected to the obturator and set up to open and lock the obturator depending on each other and to control the electric motor.
- control of the electric motor is to be understood according to the invention as meaning that the electric motor is to take place both directly and indirectly with the participation and/or interposition of other components such as power electronics in a generally known manner, with individual, several or all components of such power electronics being dedicated components or can be components integrated into the electric motor or compressor.
- This also includes the use of the necessary signal transmission means, by means of which the power electronics, the electric motor, and the control unit communicate.
- the invention follows the basic approach of switching the operating state of the electric motor depending on the presence of compressed air support in the bearing gap and, conversely, being able to switch the compressed air support on or off depending on the operating state of the electric motor.
- the rotational speed of the rotor shaft is a relevant control parameter that is representative of the operating condition of the electric motor.
- the invention proposes in this connection to support the bearing arrangement by additionally blowing pressurized air into the bearing gap by means of the air bearing flow path when the electric motor is to be activated. By additionally blowing compressed air into the bearing gap, the frictional force acting between the components is reduced, and thus also the wear.
- pressurized air can be blown into the bearing gap in a very targeted manner at those points in time when due to the speed, the otherwise expected wear on the bearings is greatest, namely when the compressor is starting up from standstill and when the compressor is stopping at standstill, when the speed of the rotor shaft falls or falls below the lift-off speed in particular. This measure can more than double the service life of air bearings.
- the bearing arrangement has two or more air bearings, each of which has a bearing gap with access to the air bearing flow path and shut-off element assigned to it.
- Dedicated valves can be used, or a common valve for all flow paths.
- the lift-off speed of the air bearing or bearings can be determined experimentally or with the aid of a computer for each bearing in connection with the respective rotating mass, i.e. the rotor shaft, and stored in the control unit.
- a multi-way valve is preferably provided as the shut-off element, for example a 2/2-way valve, which can be controlled by the control unit in a wired or wireless manner and for this purpose can be connected to the control unit in a signal-conducting manner.
- control unit can be a dedicated control unit or a module implemented in the control unit of the compressor in terms of software or hardware.
- the control unit can be designed as a module implemented in the fuel cell control system in terms of software or hardware.
- the control unit can be integrated into a brake control unit of the vehicle, in particular a trailer or brake control unit, in terms of hardware or software
- Towing vehicle brake control unit integrated or designed as such a device.
- control unit is set up to start the electric motor at a desired start of drive at the same time as a To control opening of the obturator for driving the rotor shaft.
- This type of control is very easy to implement in terms of circuitry or programming and, with each switch-on process that causes the electric motor to start, ensures additional support of the air bearings by means of compressed air blown into the bearing gap.
- control unit is set up to first open the shut-off element when the rotor shaft is to start driving in order to convey pressurized air into the bearing gap and only then to activate the electric motor to drive the rotor shaft.
- the weight acting on the contact point between the rotating parts, preferably the rotor shaft or shaft-side bearing shells or counterparts, and stationary parts such as housing-side bearing shells or counterparts, is already supported by blowing in the air before the electric motor starts rotating the Rotor shaft initiates. Air is particularly preferably blown into the bearing gap to a sufficient extent for the rotor shaft to be lifted off. To this end, it can be advantageous to blow pressurized air into the bearing gap from a plurality of circumferentially distributed inlet openings.
- control unit is set up to activate the electric motor only after a predetermined period of time has elapsed following the opening of the shut-off element, the period of time preferably being representative of a necessary time until an expected first lifting of the rotor shaft by the introduced or injected compressed air.
- the length of time that elapses before the rotor shaft lifts off for the first time simply by blowing in pressurized air can be determined empirically in preliminary tests and stored in the control unit as a control parameter.
- a mass flow sensor is assigned to the air bearing flow path, and the control unit is connected in a signal-conducting manner to the mass flow sensor and set up to activate the electric motor only after a predetermined amount of compressed air has been conveyed into the bearing gap, the predetermined amount of compressed air preferably being representative of a necessary amount of compressed air up to a first lifting of the rotor shaft.
- the quantity of air blown into the bearing gap can be empirically determined by means of a mass flow sensor, after which a first lifting is recorded.
- a pressure sensor is preferably assigned to the air bearing flow path, and the control unit is connected to the pressure sensor in a signal-conducting manner and is set up to activate the electric motor only after a predetermined pressure, so-called support pressure, has been reached, the predetermined pressure being representative for a necessary pressure in the bearing gap to lift the rotor shaft.
- the supporting pressure is preferably in a range of 4 bar or more, more preferably 6 bar or more, particularly preferably 8 bar or more.
- the mass flow and/or pressure sensor is preferably arranged either in the housing-internal part of the air bearing flow path or upstream of the compressor housing in the air bearing flow path, for example at the interface for connecting to the compressed air supply or in the compressed air supply.
- a rotating part preferably the rotor shaft or a shaft-side bearing shell of the air bearing, and a stationary part of the compressor, preferably a housing-side bearing shell of the air bearing, are operatively connected to a contact sensor which is designed to detect a lifting of the rotating part from the stationary part can be seen, and the control unit is connected to the contact sensor in a conducting manner and is set up to only control the electric motor to drive the rotor shaft after the contact sensor is on detected lifting of the rotating part.
- the contact sensor is accordingly preferably set up to detect a change in the respective electrical variable and can, for example, signal a lifting to the control device if the current flowing through the contact falls below a threshold value or the voltage or capacitance exceeds certain threshold values.
- the fuel cell system has a measuring device for detecting field strength changes in the field of the electric motor, the measuring device being connected to the control unit in a signal-conducting manner and the control unit being set up to detect a lifting of the rotor shaft based on the transmitted signals based on the field strength change.
- the rotor shaft acts like an electromagnetic core in the electric motor, and the change in its position causes a detectable change in field strength.
- control unit is set up to only block the shut-off device again after the start of activation of the electric motor for driving the rotor shaft when the rotor shaft has reached or exceeded the lift-off speed.
- the electric motor is preferably operatively connected to power electronics and is controlled by means of the power electronics.
- the power electronics preferably includes an inverter. The operating information of the power electronics can be read out and the rotational speed of the rotor shaft can be determined from them in a generally known manner.
- control unit is set up to open the shut-off element when the drive of the electric motor is to be stopped, ie during operation, before the speed drops below the lift-off speed, preferably precisely when the lift-off speed is reached.
- the same anti-wear effect that can be achieved at start-up of the electric motor is also achieved at the end of compressor operation by reactivating the additional air assist over the compressed air flow path into the bearing gap as the rotor shaft speed decreases and lift-off speed approaches, this time coming from above - i.e. a range of higher speeds - is approaching.
- the lift-off speed is reached, before the rotating parts on the rotor shaft can come into contact with the stationary parts of the compressor again, the air cushion formed in the bearing gap by the additional air blown in takes over the support task and enables further braking of the rotor shaft without wear.
- control unit is set up to block the shut-off element only when the rotational speed of the rotor shaft is in a range below 500 rpm , preferably below 200 rpm , more preferably below 100 rpm . particularly preferably below 50 min -1 and in particular at 0.
- the air bearing is an axial bearing or a radial bearing. More preferably, the bearing arrangement has both one or more axial air bearings and one or more radial air bearings, one, several or all of the air bearings preferably each having one or a common bearing gap fluidly connected to the air bearing flow path.
- the air bearing is preferably an aerostatic bearing, and the bearing arrangement also preferably has at least one aerodynamic bearing, which is preferably designed as a foil bearing, such as a leaf type or bump type, or as a spiral groove bearing, such as a radial or axial spiral groove bearing.
- the aerodynamic bearing, or preferably the plurality of aerodynamic bearings is/are preferably located adjacent to the aerostatic bearing. In preferred embodiments, the aerostatic bearing and the aerodynamic bearing share the bearing gap.
- the bearing arrangement has at least two aerostatic bearings and at least two aerodynamic bearings.
- a filter in particular an oil filter and/or a particle filter, is assigned to the air bearing flow path.
- the oil filter and/or the particle filter are preferably arranged in the flow path between the interface for the compressed air supply and the bearing gap or upstream of the interface between the interface and the compressed air supply, preferably upstream of the shut-off element.
- the compressed air supply for example, for a brake system of the vehicle—has one or more filters, so that the compressed air which is supplied to the air bearing flow path is already present in filtered form.
- the air bearing flow path is then preferably designed without a filter.
- the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle a fuel cell system for driving the vehicle, and a compressed air supply, which is set up to provide pressurized air for pneumatic consumers of the vehicle.
- the invention solves the problem on which it is based by proposing that the fuel cell system is designed according to one of the preferred embodiments described above, and the air bearing flow path is fluidly connected to the compressed air supply in such a way that when the shut-off element is open, pressurized air flows into the bearing gap.
- the invention makes use of the same advantages and preferred embodiments as the fuel cell system according to the first aspect, which is why reference is made to the above explanations to avoid repetition.
- the vehicle's compressed air supply is configured to supply compressed air to a plurality of vehicle compressed air circuits, and the air bearing flow path is fluidly connected to one of these compressed air circuits.
- the invention takes advantage of the fact that the vehicle already has a compressor and an air treatment device in its compressed air supply, for example to supply the vehicle brakes and possibly other systems such as air suspension, a gearbox, etc.
- the air bearing flow path uses synergy effects by one of the compressed air circuits draws the required compressed air.
- the various compressed air circuits of the vehicle are usually differentiated in terms of their safety relevance and the type of components to be controlled and supplied.
- Safety-relevant compressed air circuits regulate, for example, the brake functions or support the vehicle or the vehicle's gear shifting processes.
- Not Safety-relevant compressed air circuits are used to supply compressed air to so-called secondary consumers.
- compressed air circuits are used to supply compressed air to any vehicle trailers (trailer supply).
- the air bearing flow path is preferably connected in a fluid-conducting manner to a compressed air circuit for secondary consumers that are not safety-relevant.
- the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system of a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, the fuel cell system being designed in particular according to one of the preferred embodiments described above.
- the proposed procedure includes the steps:
- the method is advantageously further developed by comprising one, several or all of the following steps:
- the period of time is preferably representative of a time necessary to an expected first lift-off of the rotor shaft
- the predetermined pressure preferably being representative of a necessary pressure for the first lifting of the rotor shaft
- the invention relates to a control device for a fuel cell system of a vehicle, in particular a fuel cell system according to one of the embodiments described above.
- the controller can be a dedicated controller for a compressor, or a controller for the fuel cell, or a stand-alone controller.
- the control unit can be implemented as a module in hardware or software in other control units, for example in a brake control unit, in particular a trailer or Towing vehicle brake control unit, a compressor control unit, or the fuel cell control.
- the control device can also be in the form of such a device as previously described.
- the control unit is set up to execute the method according to one of the preferred embodiments described above, and for this purpose has, for example, a data memory in which instructions for executing the method of the preferred embodiments described above are stored, and a processor which is set up to use the commands stored in the data memory to execute the method according to one of the preferred embodiments described above.
- a data memory in which instructions for executing the method of the preferred embodiments described above are stored
- a processor which is set up to use the commands stored in the data memory to execute the method according to one of the preferred embodiments described above.
- the invention relates to a computer program product.
- the invention solves the problem described at the outset in that the computer program product contains instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to form a control device according to one of the preferred embodiments described above and/or the method according to one of the preferred embodiments described above perform preferred embodiments.
- the computer program product may be in computer-readable medium or in downloadable form.
- 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a preferred exemplary embodiment
- 2 shows a schematic representation of a method for operating a fuel cell system according to the preferred exemplary embodiment.
- a fuel cell system 100 is shown in FIG. 1 .
- the fuel cell system 100 shown here functions essentially like previously known fuel cell systems with the exception of the aspects of the invention described here.
- the fuel cell system 100 has a fuel cell 101 .
- the fuel cell 101 has an oxygen supply 102 on the cathode side and a hydrogen supply 104 on the anode side.
- the anode-side hydrogen supply 104 is fluidly connected to a hydrogen supply in a manner that is not shown.
- the cathode-side oxygen supply 102 is connected to a compressor 1 in a fluid-conducting manner.
- the compressor 1 shown in FIG. 1 has at least one compressor stage 2 .
- the compressor 1 can also be designed as a multi-stage compressor, but the explanation of just one compressor stage is sufficient for understanding the invention.
- the compressor stage 2 is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to an oxygen supply 4 and is set up to compress the gas or mixture of substances supplied to it, usually air, and to deliver it at increased pressure in the direction of the fuel cell 101 .
- the compressor 1 has an electric motor 3 with a stator 5 and a rotor 7 for operating the compressor stage 2 .
- the rotor 7 is coupled to a rotor shaft 9 which is driven in rotation by the electric motor 3 .
- the electric motor 3 can be controlled by means of power electronics 8, for example.
- the rotor shaft 9 is rotatably mounted in a compressor housing 10 by means of a bearing assembly 11, the bearing assembly 11 having at least one aerodynamic-aerostatic axial bearing 11a and two aerostatic radial air bearings 11b. Furthermore, the bearing arrangement 11 has two aerodynamic radial air bearings 11c.
- At least the radial air bearings 11b, 11c each have a bearing gap 13, which is not completely circumferential when the rotor shaft 9 is stationary, but at least at certain points due to the rotor shaft 9 or bearing shells arranged correspondingly on the rotor shaft resting against the corresponding parts of the air bearings 11a, b, c is interrupted.
- the aerostatic radial air bearings 11b and the aerodynamic radial air bearings 11c are each spaced apart from one another by a track disk 15 with ventilation openings.
- An air bearing flow path 17 opens into each of the bearing gaps 13 and can be fluidly connected to a compressed air supply 200 via an interface 19 arranged on the compressor housing 10 in order to make pressurized air L available to the air bearing flow path.
- the compressed air supply 200 can be a dedicated compressed air supply with an accumulator and/or a compressor (both not shown).
- the compressed air supply 200 is particularly preferably integrated into a compressed air supply system of the vehicle 300, for example with its own compressor (not shown) and its own air treatment device (not shown).
- the compressed air supply system is provided, for example, to supply the vehicle brakes and possibly other systems such as air suspension, a transmission, etc., and has one or more compressed air circuits 201 for this purpose.
- the fuel cell system can, for example, draw pressurized air L from a compressed air circuit 203 for non-safety-related secondary consumers.
- the air bearing flow path 17 has a filter 27 upstream of the interface 19, which can be, for example, an oil filter 27a or a particle filter 27b (hereinafter collectively 27).
- the filter 27 ensures that technically clean air, especially oil-free air, can get into the compressor 1 , but dirt and contaminants, especially oil, are prevented from entering the compressor 1 .
- a shut-off element 21 is preferably also arranged, in the exemplary embodiment between the interface 19 and the filter 27.
- the shut-off element 21 is set up to be switched back and forth selectively between an open position and a blocking position, in which Blocking slope a fluid flow through the air bearing flow path 17 is prevented in the bearing column 13 and released in the open position.
- a sensor 23 is preferably arranged in the air bearing flow path 17 .
- the sensor 23 can be designed, for example, as a mass flow sensor 23a for detecting a mass flow m, or as a pressure sensor 23b for detecting a pressure pi_.
- the fuel cell system 100 has a control unit 103 .
- the control unit 103 can be a dedicated control unit, a (part of) a brake control unit(s) 103a, compressor control unit(s) 103b or the fuel cell control unit 103c.
- a brake control unit(s) 103a a brake control unit
- compressor control unit(s) 103b a compressor control unit
- the fuel cell control unit 103c a dedicated control unit, a (part of) a brake control unit(s) 103a, compressor control unit(s) 103b or the fuel cell control unit 103c.
- the compressor 1 has a contact sensor 25, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is formed on a part 9a rotating with the rotor shaft 9, for example one of the aerodynamic radial air bearings 11c, in order to detect the lifting of the rotating part 9a moving with the rotor shaft 9, for example a Bearing inner shell, from a standing one on the housing side Part 10a, such as a bearing outer shell to monitor.
- the contact sensor 25 is preferably designed as described above in the general part.
- control unit 103 is connected to the fuel cell 101 in a signal-conducting manner in order to control the compressor 1 for supplying oxygen to the cathode side of the fuel cell 101 as required.
- the control unit 103 is connected to the electric motor 3 conducting signals, for example via the power electronics 8 , and is set up to control the electric motor 3 to drive the rotor shaft 9 for a compression output of the compressor stage 2 required by the fuel cell 101 .
- the power electronics 8 preferably includes an inverter.
- the control unit 103 is also connected to the shut-off element 21 in a signal-conducting manner and is set up to open and block the shut-off element 21 depending on the activation of the electric motor 3 .
- the control unit 103 is also connected to the sensor 23 in a signal-conducting manner and is set up to receive and process signals from the sensor 23 which are representative of the presence of a switch-on condition for the electric motor 3 .
- the switch-on condition is expediently the delivery of a predetermined quantity of air into the bearing gaps 13 .
- the switch-on condition is correspondingly when a predetermined pressure is reached.
- control unit 103 is connected to contact sensor 25 in a signal-conducting manner and is set up to receive and process representative signals from contact sensor 25 as to whether rotor shaft 9 is resting on the corresponding bearing shells or is lifted is what by the Contact sensor 25 is monitored. This signal is also representative of the presence of a switch-on condition for the electric motor 3.
- a start command is issued, which is representative of a start request for the delivery of oxygen to the cathode side of the fuel cell 101, ie is representative of a desired start of drive of the compressor 1.
- the control unit 103 controls the shut-off element 21 in order to trigger the conveying of compressed air into the bearing gaps 13 in step 303 .
- step 305 either at the same time as step 303 or following step 303, the control unit 103 controls the electric motor 3, preferably via the power electronics 8, to set the rotor shaft 9 in rotation in order to circulate the air entering via the supply 4 to compress in the compressor stage 2.
- the activation of the electric motor 3 depends on whether a switch-on condition S1 occurs or not.
- the switch-on condition S1 is, for example, a predetermined period of time t stored in control unit 103 after the shut-off element 21 has opened in step 303, or a representative mass flow signal detected in step 302a, and/or a pressure signal detected in step 302b, or a step 302c detected contact (interruption) signal and its message from one of the sensors 23, 25 to the control unit 103 to the effect that the rotor shaft 9 can now be started safely because it can be assumed that the rotor shaft 9 has reached a state of levitation, in Question.
- the rotor shaft 9 is driven by the electric motor 3 and rotates faster and faster until a speed no commanded by the control unit 103 is reached.
- control unit 103 then activates shut-off element 21 again and brings it into the blocking position.
- the initiation of the locking stage in step 307 depends on whether a locking criterion S2 occurs.
- blocking criterion S2 can be, for example, a signal about the speed no, in particular the lift-off speed n, which is detected by the electric motor 3 or the power electronics 8 coupled to the electric motor 3 in a step 306 and sent to the control unit 103.
- the compressed air supply in air bearing flow path 17 can be shut off safely in step 307 by locking shut-off element 21, because a circumferential air gap SL has formed in bearing gap 13 and aerodynamic air bearings 11 c can hold the rotor shaft 9 in suspension without additional air L having to be supplied.
- the compressor 1 can now be operated stably. There is no appreciable wear of the aerodynamic bearing 11c or the aerostatic bearing 11a, b.
- step 309 If the operation of the compressor 1 is to be switched off, a switch-off command is issued in step 309, whereupon the electric motor 3 is controlled in step 311 to reduce its speed no up to a standstill. While the rotational speed of the rotor shaft 9 of the compressor 1 decreases steadily starting from step 311, the control unit 103 controls the shut-off element 21 again in step 313 in order to bring it into the open position and again pump air into the bearing gaps 13. The opening of the obturator 21 depends on whether a release criterion S3 occurs.
- the release criterion S3 can be present, for example, if the electric motor 3 or the power electronics 8 detects and outputs a signal in a step 312 which is representative of the fact that the engine speed or the speed no of the rotor shaft 9 is approaching the lift-off speed n or achieve it.
- the re-enabling of the air bearing flow path 17 by opening the shut-off member 21 enables the rotor shaft 9 to be supported before it can settle down and cause wear if the speed at which the lift-off speed n is fallen below.
- the shut-off element 21 can also be controlled again by the control unit 103 and put into the blocking position.
- the re-blocking of the obturator 21 depends on whether a blocking criterion S4 occurs.
- the blocking criterion S4 is given, for example, if in a step 314 a representative signal from the electric motor 3 or from the power electronics 8 is detected and transmitted to the control unit 103 indicating that the speed no of the rotor shaft 9 has fallen below a critical speed, below the critical speed itself when the rotating and stationary parts 9a, 10a come into contact with one another, little or no wear occurs.
- control unit 103a compressor controller
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021113910.4A DE102021113910A1 (de) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Brennstoffzellensystem zum Antrieb eines Fahrzeugs |
| PCT/EP2022/062870 WO2022248234A1 (de) | 2021-05-28 | 2022-05-12 | Brennstoffzellensystem zum antrieb eines fahrzeugs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4348741A1 true EP4348741A1 (de) | 2024-04-10 |
Family
ID=82019230
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22729459.2A Withdrawn EP4348741A1 (de) | 2021-05-28 | 2022-05-12 | Brennstoffzellensystem zum antrieb eines fahrzeugs |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240083262A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4348741A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117355966A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021113910A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022248234A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023135347A1 (de) * | 2023-12-15 | 2025-06-18 | Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh | Elektrischer Antrieb für einen Kompressor für ein Brennstoffzellensystem eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeugs, Kompressor, Brennstoffzellensystem, Fahrzeug |
| DE102024126951A1 (de) | 2024-09-19 | 2026-04-09 | Zf Cv Systems Global Gmbh | Strömungsmaschine für ein Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem Brennstoffzellenstapel für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Nutzfahrzeug, Brennstoffzellensystem und Fahrzeug |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3031416A1 (de) * | 1980-08-20 | 1982-03-25 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Turbogengenerator, insbesondere fuer gasturbinen in solar-kleinstkraftwerken |
| JPS61189317A (ja) | 1985-02-18 | 1986-08-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 空気軸受装置 |
| JPS6217321A (ja) * | 1985-07-17 | 1987-01-26 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関のタ−ボチヤ−ジヤ装置 |
| JPH0350269Y2 (de) * | 1985-11-01 | 1991-10-28 | ||
| US5347723A (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1994-09-20 | Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co. | Air bearing control system |
| DE102010006843A1 (de) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-04 | Eble, Markus, 70199 | Turbolader |
| JP5303609B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-22 | 2013-10-02 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| DE102011087606A1 (de) | 2011-12-01 | 2013-06-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kraftfahrzeugsystemeinrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kraftfahrzeugsystemeinrichtung |
| DE102017211952A1 (de) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Strömungsmaschine eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
| DE102017211940A1 (de) | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Brennstoffzellensystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie Strömungsmaschine für ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
| DE102019216712A1 (de) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben und zum Auslegen eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
-
2021
- 2021-05-28 DE DE102021113910.4A patent/DE102021113910A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-05-12 CN CN202280036597.8A patent/CN117355966A/zh active Pending
- 2022-05-12 EP EP22729459.2A patent/EP4348741A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-05-12 WO PCT/EP2022/062870 patent/WO2022248234A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2023
- 2023-11-16 US US18/511,703 patent/US20240083262A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021113910A1 (de) | 2022-12-01 |
| CN117355966A (zh) | 2024-01-05 |
| WO2022248234A1 (de) | 2022-12-01 |
| US20240083262A1 (en) | 2024-03-14 |
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