Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
  • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
  • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
  • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
  • B60K2016/003—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind solar power driven
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the invention relates to a solar cell module according to the preamble of claim 1.
• Solar cells are sensitive semiconductor components. In order to protect them against environmental influences over the long term and to achieve manageable electrical output parameters, solar cells are typically electrically connected and encapsulated in a module structure.
• the solar cells are arranged on a flat, flat carrier element and divided into several module segments.
• Each module segment typically has a number of solar cell strands (strings) connected in parallel.
• Each solar cell string has a plurality of photovoltaic solar cells connected in series.
• Such surfaces are, for example, hoods and roofs of vehicles, in particular of passenger cars, as well as building facades and building shells.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a solar cell module which is suitable for arranging the solar cells on or in curved carrier elements.
• the basic goal in the production of solar cell modules is to connect the solar cells and the solar cell strings in a way that makes production simple and is electrically safe and efficient.
• the occurrence of so-called hotspots in the case of partial shading should be avoided: It is known that if a solar cell module is partially shaded, there is a risk that a large amount of heat will develop in the case of shaded solar cells due to the operation of the (partially) shaded solar cell in the rear area, which can impair the integrity of the module, up to and including destruction of the module. Furthermore, low ohmic losses should occur when the modules are connected, and a low cost of materials is also advantageous.
• the solar cell module When using the solar cells in curved surface applications, the solar cell module is required to have a two-dimensional or three-dimensional curvature. This makes the module design even more complex. Due to a curvature, different solar cells of the module have different orientations to the incident sunlight. Since the generation of charge carriers within the solar cells and thus the conversion of incident electromagnetic radiation into electrical energy is directly proportional to the irradiation intensity, when solar cells are connected in series and oriented differently to the incident sunlight, there is a difference in the magnitude of the current generated, a so-called current mismatch . The solar cell with the lowest electricity production limits the performance of the entire string. The same effect occurs when strings are connected in series at different bending positions in the solar cell module.
• the voltage generated by a solar cell is significantly less dependent on the intensity of the radiation and, in particular, on the orientation to the incident sunlight. For this reason, inhomogeneous irradiation on the solar cell caused by a curvature of the solar cell module has a significantly less adverse effect on the voltage of a strand.
• the invention is based in particular on the knowledge that, for the formation of a solar cell module with a curved surface, it is advantageous to connect solar cells in series with similar angles of inclination to the incident sunlight and to connect solar cells in parallel with different angles of inclination to the incident sunlight.
• the solar cell module according to the invention has at least a first, a second and a third module segment.
• Each of the module segments has a plurality of photovoltaic solar cells connected in series.
• a solar cell normal vector is assigned to each solar cell.
• the solar cell normal vector is thus a vector that is orthogonal to the plane formed by the surface of the solar cell.
• the solar cells have an essentially flat surface, so that the normal vector is clearly defined.
• the solar cells can also have slight curvatures, in which case the solar cell normal vector represents that spatial direction from which the maximum output power is achieved when irradiated with sunlight. This is typically the vectorial mean value when a normal vector is assigned to individual flat areas of the solar cell.
• a solar cell module normal vector is assigned to the solar cell module, which corresponds to the vector mean value of the solar cell normal vectors.
• the direction of the solar cell module normal vector thus represents a particularly advantageous direction of incidence for sunlight.
• a tilt angle is assigned to each solar cell, which corresponds to the angle between the solar cell normal vector of the solar cell and the solar cell module normal vector.
• a tilting angle range is assigned to each module segment, the limits of which are determined by the minimum and maximum tilting angle of the solar cells in the module segment. It is essential that the tilt angle ranges of at least two module segments are disjoint, that the module segments are connected in parallel, that each module segment has the same number of solar cells and that each solar cell of a module segment is arranged directly adjacent to at least one other solar cell of the same module segment.
• This design and arrangement of the solar cells and subdivision into module segments means that there are at least two module segments with disjoint tilt angle ranges, these module segments are connected in parallel and each module segment has a plurality of photovoltaic solar cells connected in series.
• the solar cell module has at least five, at least eight, in particular at least ten, more preferably at least 20 module segments, each module segment being configured according to the conditions mentioned above for the first, second and third module segments.
• the solar cell module therefore advantageously has at least three, in particular at least five, more preferably at least ten module segments with disjunctive angle ranges.
• all module segments of the solar cell module In order to achieve a total voltage of all module segments that is as uniform as possible, it is advantageous for all module segments of the solar cell module to have the same number of solar cells.
• a module segment preferably has at least two, preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 8 solar cells.
• the module segments of the solar cell module according to the invention can have any geometric shape that is predetermined by the arrangement of the solar cells of the solar cell module.
• one or more of the module segments have a rectangular shape or an L-shape.
• the solar cells of the solar cell module are preferably arranged in a manner known per se, so that the solar cells form a uniform arrangement within a rectangular border.
• the centers of the solar cells are preferably arranged on the grid lines of a uniform, rectangular grid.
• Dividing the solar cell module into module segments as described above thus makes it possible to divide the curvature of the solar cell module into several areas of curvature and to assign one or more module segments to each area of curvature. It is particularly advantageous here that the solar cell module has a group of at least two module segments, in particular four module segments, which enclose at least one central module segment, in particular two central module segments.
• a curvature in two spatial directions is approximated by such an arrangement.
• the solar cells of the solar cell module can be formed in a manner known per se.
• solar cells contacted on both sides, which are known per se can be connected by means of cell connectors to the front of a solar cell connect to the back of an adjacent solar cell, be wired in series.
• square solar cells, solar cells with flattened corners (pseudosquare) or also rectangular solar cells with a length-to-width ratio greater than 1, in particular greater than 1.5, in particular greater than 2, are used.
• so-called partial solar cells which result from the cell division of an initial solar cell, in particular a square initial solar cell, is within the scope of the invention.
• the solar cell module according to the invention is particularly suitable for the use of silicon solar cells.
• solar cells that can be contacted from the rear is particularly advantageous.
• Such solar cells have both at least one positive and one negative contact point on the back, so that it is not necessary to contact the front of the solar cell using a cell connector.
• Such solar cells are, for example, rear-side contact solar cells which do not have any metallic contacting structure on the front side.
• MWT Metal Wrap Through
• MWT Metal Wrap Through
• Solar cells that can be contacted on the rear have the advantage that the solar cells can be connected in series within a solar cell segment and, in a further preferred embodiment, the module segments can also be connected in parallel using cell connecting elements arranged on the rear.
• the use of a flexible formwork element that has electrically conductive tracks is advantageous.
• Such an interconnection element can be designed, for example, as a structured foil coated with metal.
• the division into module segments can be carried out as described below:
• the flat support element is specified as the roof of a passenger car and solar cells are specified that have a uniform width and length have, the solar cells can be distributed in a regular arrangement over the desired area to be covered, as described above, so that the center point of each solar cell is arranged at the crossing point of a regular, rectangular grid that simulates the curved shape of the flat support element.
• the arrangement of the solar cells on or in the curved planar carrier element specifies the inclination of the solar cells, so that the vectorial mean value of the solar cell normal vectors determines the solar cell module normal vector and the tilt angle for each solar cell as the angle between the solar cell module normal vector and solar cells -Normal vector of the solar cell is determined.
• a maximum deviation of the angle of inclination of a module segment is specified.
• the solar cells are now grouped together so that the number of solar cells within each group is maximized, but the angular range of the group, ie the difference between the solar cell with the smallest and the largest tilt angle in the group, is not greater than the specified one maximum angular range is.
• the group with the lowest number of solar cells determines the total number of solar cells in the module segments. All groups are now divided according to this number in such a way that each module segment has the specific number of solar cells.
• a module segment is a contiguous area, ie each solar cell of a module segment is adjacent to at least one other solar cell of the same module segment. Adjacent cells also include solar cells whose corners are adjacent to each other. The higher a desired yield of the curved module is specified, the smaller the maximum angle range must be selected.
• each module segment has an angular span, ie the difference between the minimum and maximum tilt angle of the module segment, which is preferably less than or equal to 60 degrees, more preferably less than or equal to 30 degrees, in particular less than or equal to 15 degrees.
• each module segment In order to achieve particularly high yields, it is advantageous for each module segment to have an angular span of less than 12 degrees, preferably less than 8 degrees, particularly preferably less than 4 degrees, in particular less than 2 degrees.
• FIG. 1a shows in partial image a a schematic representation of the division of the module segments and in partial image b a sectional view to show the curvature of the solar cell module and the tilt angle of the solar cells.
• FIG. 2a shows correspondingly explanatory figures for the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2
• FIG. 3a shows correspondingly explanatory figures for the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
• the solar cells are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 as rectangles, with the forward direction of the solar cell being marked by an arrow.
• the first exemplary embodiment of a solar cell module according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a first module segment 1a, a second module segment 1b and a third module segment 1c.
• the breakdown of the module segments can be seen in FIG. 1a, part a).
• Each of the three module segments has 18 photovoltaic solar cells connected in series.
• the solar cells are designed as silicon solar cells.
• the solar cells of the module segments 1a, 1b and 1c are arranged on a curved, flat carrier element 3, in this case a roof of a passenger car.
• the carrier element 3 has a uniform curvature in only one spatial direction: in the illustration according to FIG. In the direction marked B, on the other hand, the carrier element has no curvature.
• part b) is a section through the solar cell module along the line A according to part a) and shown perpendicular to the plane of the drawing with the ge curved, transparent support element 3, in which the solar cells 2 are arranged.
• the normal vector which is perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell, is shown as an arrow for each solar cell.
• the vectorial mean value of the solar cell normal vector results in the solar cell module normal vector 4. In the present case, this corresponds to the solar cell normal vector of the middle solar cell, which correspondingly has a tilt angle of 0°.
• the angle between the solar cell module normal vector 4 and the solar cells normal vector of a solar cell results in the tilt angle of this solar cell.
• the tilt angles are given for each solar cell above the solar cell normal vector.
• the carrier element 3 according to the first exemplary embodiment has only a uniform curvature in direction A according to FIG. 1a, partial image a).
• all solar cells of the first module segment 1a and the third module segment 1c have a tilt angle of 8°, 12° or 16°.
• the solar cells of the second module segment 1b have a tilt angle of 0° or 4°.
• the first module segment 1a and the third module segment 1c are thus assigned tilting angle ranges of 8° to 16°.
• a tilting angle range of 0° to 4° is assigned to the second module segment 1b.
• the tilt angle range of the second Module segment 1b is thus disjunctive to the tilt angle range of the first module segment 1a and the third module segment 1c.
• the positive pole of the first solar cell of a module segment is connected to a positive terminal pole 5a via conductor tracks.
• the negative pole of the last solar cell in the series connection of each module segment is connected to a negative connection pole 5b via conductor tracks.
• the three module segments 1a, b and 1c are thus connected in parallel.
• Each module segment has the same number of solar cells, in this case 18 solar cells.
• Each solar cell of a module segment is arranged directly adjacent to at least one other solar cell, in this case at least two other solar cells, of the same module segment.
• the second exemplary embodiment of a solar cell module according to the invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 2a differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the carrier element 3a of the second exemplary embodiment has curvatures in two mutually perpendicular directions:
• the carrier element 3a has a uniform curvature with a radius of curvature of 2000 mm in direction A and a uniform curvature with a radius of curvature of 1500 mm in direction B.
• Each solar cell 2 is in turn assigned a solar cell normal vector, which is perpendicular to the surface of the solar cell, and the vectorial mean value of the solar cell normal vectors results in the solar cell module normal vector, which is perpendicular to the drawing plane in the representation of Figures 2 and 2a.
• FIG. 2a shows the tilt angle for each solar cell, which results as the angle between the solar cell normal vector of the solar cell and the solar cell module normal vector.
• the second exemplary embodiment has five module segments. To a first module segment 1 a four more module segments 1 b, 1 c, 1 d and 1 e are arranged. As can be seen in FIG. 2, each of the four module segments has six solar cells that are connected in series.
• the first module segment 1a is assigned a tilting angle range of 3° to 5°
• the module segments 1b, 1c, 1d and 1e are each assigned a tilting angle range of 10° to 20°.
• the angular range for module segment 1 a is therefore 2° and for module segments 1 b, 1 c, 1 d and 1 e each 10
• the solar cell module according to the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 thus has four module segments 1b, 1c, 1d and 1e, which enclose a central module segment, the first module segment 1a.
• FIGS. 3 and 3a show a third example of a solar cell module according to the invention, which is a further development of the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 2a. To avoid repetition, only the main differences are discussed below.
• the carrier element 3a of the third exemplary embodiment has different radii of curvature in direction A and in direction B.
• the solar cell module of the third exemplary embodiment has ten module segments 1a to 11. Each of the module segments has four solar cells 2 connected in series. Two central module segments 1 a and 1 b are ner group of four module segments 1 c, 1 d, 1 e and 1f enclosed. At the top and bottom edges as shown in FIGS. 3 and 3a, three square module segments 1 g, 1 h and 1 i as well as 1 j, 1 k and 11 are additionally arranged.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2021
  • 2021-05-19 DE DE102021112981.8A patent/DE102021112981A1/de active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-05-06 WO PCT/EP2022/062328 patent/WO2022243069A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2022-05-06 EP EP22728389.2A patent/EP4342076A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-05-06 CN CN202280036416.1A patent/CN117397164A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-05-06 KR KR1020237043518A patent/KR20240008938A/ko unknown

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