EP4337908A1 - Gewickelter wärmetauscher und verfahren - Google Patents
Gewickelter wärmetauscher und verfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4337908A1 EP4337908A1 EP22726594.9A EP22726594A EP4337908A1 EP 4337908 A1 EP4337908 A1 EP 4337908A1 EP 22726594 A EP22726594 A EP 22726594A EP 4337908 A1 EP4337908 A1 EP 4337908A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ring channel
- channel
- liquid phase
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
- F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
- F28F9/0275—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple branch pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0033—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cryogenic applications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
- F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
- F28F25/04—Distributing or accumulator troughs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a coiled heat exchanger and a method for exchanging heat between a refrigerant and a medium using such a coiled heat exchanger.
- Liquefied natural gas refers to processed natural gas that has been liquefied and cooled to -161 °C to -164 °C. LNG is only a fraction of the volume of gaseous natural gas. LNG therefore has great advantages, especially for transport and storage purposes.
- the liquefied natural gas can be transported as a liquid in suitable transport containers by road, rail or water.
- CWHE Coil Wound Heat Exchangers
- wound heat exchangers can be used to liquefy the natural gas.
- a coiled heat exchanger comprises a shell and a tube bundle accommodated in the shell, through which the natural gas to be liquefied is conducted.
- the tube bundle is sprinkled with a liquid phase of a two-phase refrigerant, for example with the aid of a so-called annular channel distributor.
- Such an annular channel distributor comprises an annular channel running around the jacket on the inside and distributors which extend radially out of the annular channel and distribute the liquid phase evenly over the tube bundle. Between the distributors, tubes, so-called braids, of the tube bundle are routed upwards past the annular channel distributor to a tube sheet. The higher the annular channel, the further the tube sheet is spaced from the tube bundle and the longer the tubes leading to the tube sheet must be. This can complicate manufacture of the coiled heat exchanger. This needs to be improved.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved coiled heat exchanger. 2
- a coiled heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a refrigerant and a medium.
- the coiled heat exchanger comprises a jacket, a tube bundle arranged inside the jacket through which the medium can flow, a first ring channel arranged inside the jacket and surrounding it for separating a liquid phase of the refrigerant from a gaseous phase of the refrigerant, a first annular channel inside the jacket arranged and surrounding this second ring channel for evenly distributing the liquid phase on the tube bundle in order to exchange the heat between the refrigerant and the medium, and a connecting channel that establishes a fluid connection between the first ring channel and the second ring channel to the liquid phase the first annular duct into the second annular duct, the first annular duct and the second annular duct being arranged spaced apart from one another viewed along an axis of symmetry of the casing.
- first ring channel and a second ring channel which is separate from the first ring channel, are provided, it is possible to design the first ring channel and the second ring channel to have different widths. On the one hand, this facilitates production and, on the other hand, it can lead to a reduction in accumulation of the liquid phase in the annular channels. Furthermore, with the aid of the first ring channel, a pre-separation of the liquid phase and the gaseous phase of the refrigerant can be achieved.
- the wound heat exchanger is in particular a so-called Coil Wound Heat Exchanger (CWHE).
- the coiled heat exchanger is preferably suitable for liquefying natural gas.
- the medium can be natural gas.
- the coiled heat exchanger can also be used to liquefy any media other than natural gas.
- the tube bundle is wound in multiple layers onto a core tube arranged centrally in the jacket.
- the jacket preferably comprises a hollow-cylindrical base section, which can be constructed rotationally symmetrically to the axis of symmetry, a cover section terminating the base section at the top, and a bottom section terminating the base section at the bottom.
- the axis of symmetry can also be referred to as the central axis.
- the jacket is particularly fluid-tight. 3
- the tube bundle includes a tube side and a shell side.
- the “tube side” is to be understood as meaning an interior space enclosed by tubes of the tube bundle, through which the medium to be liquefied is conducted. The medium is thus fed into the tubes of the tube bundle.
- the fact that the medium is “fed” into the tube bundle means in particular that the medium is introduced into the tubes of the tube bundle.
- several different fractions or tube streams can flow through the tube bundle.
- One of the fractions can be the medium.
- Another of the fractions may be part of the refrigerant.
- Other fractions can include, for example, other refrigerants, process media or the like.
- the refrigerant can also be fed into the tube bundle and passed through the tube bundle on the tube side.
- the tube bundle thus has tubes through which only the medium flows. Other pipes are only flowed through by the refrigerant. Further tubes can also be provided through which further fractions flow.
- the aforementioned different tubes can form different layers of the tube bundle.
- “on the shell side” is to be understood as meaning an area outside the tubes of the tube bundle. On the shell side, the refrigerant flows through the tube bundle.
- heat is preferably extracted from the medium, which the refrigerant absorbs.
- the refrigerant can at least partially evaporate.
- the refrigerant can also evaporate completely. After flowing around or through the tube bundle on the shell side, the completely or partially vaporized refrigerant can be drawn off from the shell.
- the refrigerant can be ethane, for example. However, any other desired refrigerant can also be used.
- a refrigerant is suitable for transporting enthalpy from a product to be cooled, in this case the medium, to an environment.
- the difference to a coolant is that a refrigerant can carry out this heat transport in a refrigeration cycle along a temperature gradient, so that 4 the ambient temperature may even be higher than the temperature of the medium to be cooled by using supplied energy, while a coolant is only able to transport the enthalpy in a cooling circuit against the temperature gradient to a point with a lower temperature.
- By removing heat from the medium it is liquefied.
- the medium is natural gas
- the liquefied medium or natural gas can be referred to as Liquified Natural Gas (LNG).
- the first ring channel can also be referred to as the upper ring channel, since it is arranged above the second ring channel with respect to a direction of gravity. Accordingly, the second ring channel can be referred to as the lower ring channel.
- the fact that the first ring channel “encircles” the jacket means in the present case that the first ring channel preferably completely runs around the axis of symmetry and thus forms an annular geometry. In this case, the first ring channel can be continuous. Alternatively, it is also possible for the first ring channel to be subdivided into a number of ring segments that are separate from one another. The same applies to the second ring channel.
- the first ring channel and the second ring channel are two separate components which are arranged at a certain distance from one another viewed along the axis of symmetry.
- the connecting channel can be a pipe, a duct, a hose or the like. With the help of the connecting channel, the liquid medium is conducted from the first ring channel into the second ring channel.
- the connecting channel is a downpipe or can be called a downpipe. Any number of connection channels can be provided.
- the connecting channel can have a circular or any other desired cross-section.
- the second ring channel is suitable for distributing the liquid phase of the refrigerant evenly over the tube bundle.
- the second ring channel can include distributors, which will be explained later. In particular, these distributors are part of the second
- the second ring channel itself can also have openings, bores or the like, which enable the tube bundle to be sprinkled evenly with the liquid phase of the refrigerant.
- the second ring channel can also be referred to as a ring channel distributor. 5
- the first ring channel is suitable for separating the liquid phase of the refrigerant from the gaseous phase of the refrigerant.
- the separation takes place in that the liquid phase is drawn off downwards in the direction of the second annular duct with the aid of the connecting duct and in that the gaseous phase of the refrigerant exits upwards out of the first annular duct.
- the refrigerant is two-phase and may include the liquid phase and the gaseous phase.
- the liquid phase can change into the gaseous phase and vice versa.
- the liquid phase of the refrigerant at least partially changes from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase as it flows through or around the tube bundle.
- the evaporating refrigerant absorbs heat from the medium.
- the second ring channel comprises a plurality of distributors for uniformly distributing the liquid phase onto the tube bundle, the distributors protruding radially further into the jacket towards the axis of symmetry than the second ring channel.
- the number of distributors is fundamentally arbitrary. For example, three distributors or six distributors are provided.
- the distributors are placed evenly spaced around the axis of symmetry.
- the distributors protrude radially from the second ring channel into the shell and thus partially cover the tube bundle from above.
- the distributors are part of the second ring channel and are in fluid connection with it.
- the fact that the distributors are “in fluid connection” with the second ring channel means in particular that the liquid phase of the refrigerant can flow from the second ring channel into the distributor.
- the distributors preferably each have a large number of openings arranged on the underside,
- Openings, holes or the like which allow a uniform sprinkling of the tube bundle with the liquid phase of the refrigerant.
- the distributors are distributed uniformly around the axis of symmetry, with an intermediate space being provided in each case between two adjacent distributors.
- the number of gaps preferably corresponds to the number of distributors.
- the manifolds and the spaces are arranged alternately, so 6 that between each two distributors there is a gap and between two gaps there is a distributor.
- the coiled heat exchanger also comprises a plurality of connection channels, with each distributor being assigned a connection channel.
- the number of distributors and the number of connecting channels is the same. For example, three or six connection channels are provided.
- the connecting channel runs parallel to the axis of symmetry.
- the connecting channel runs along the direction of gravity.
- the first ring channel and the second ring channel protrude radially towards the axis of symmetry at different distances into the jacket.
- first ring channel and the second ring channel project radially to different extents into an interior space enclosed by the jacket.
- the first annular channel has a first inner diameter.
- the second annular channel has a second inner diameter.
- the inner diameters can be of different sizes, so that the first ring channel and the second ring channel protrude into the casing to different extents.
- the first inner diameter of the first ring channel and the second inner diameter of the second ring channel can also be of the same size.
- the second annular channel protrudes radially towards the axis of symmetry further into the jacket than the first annular channel.
- the second ring channel is wider than the first ring channel. This facilitates the manufacture of the coiled heat exchanger.
- the first ring channel is arranged above the second ring channel, viewed along a direction of gravity.
- the first ring channel can therefore also be referred to as the upper ring channel and the second ring channel as the lower ring channel.
- the second ring channel is placed below the first ring channel, viewed along the direction of gravity.
- the coil-wound heat exchanger further comprises a tube sheet in fluid communication with tubes of the tube bundle, wherein the tube sheet is arranged between the first annular channel and the second annular channel as viewed along the axis of symmetry.
- the tube sheet is placed below the first ring channel and above the second ring channel.
- Several tube sheets can be provided.
- the number of tube sheets preferably corresponds to the number of distributors. Twice as many tube sheets as distributors can also be provided. Due to the fact that the tube plate is arranged between the first ring channel and the second ring channel, it is possible to shorten the tubes pulled up from the tube bundle in comparison to a coiled heat exchanger with only one ring channel. This facilitates manufacturability of the coiled heat exchanger.
- the tubes pulled up can also be referred to as "braids". A reduction in the "plait length" can thus be achieved.
- the first ring channel and/or the second ring channel each run completely around the axis of symmetry.
- first ring channel and/or the second ring channel each have a circumferential angle of 360°.
- first ring channel and/or the second ring channel it is also fundamentally possible for the first ring channel and/or the second ring channel to be subdivided into a plurality of ring channel segments that are separate from one another. 8th
- first ring channel and/or the second ring channel are each open in the direction of a cover section of the casing.
- first ring channel and/or the second ring channel are open at the top. This enables the gaseous phase of the refrigerant to escape upwards from the respective ring channel.
- the heat exchanger comprises a jacket, a tube bundle arranged inside the jacket, a first annular channel arranged inside the jacket and surrounding it, a second annular channel arranged inside the jacket and surrounding it, and a connecting channel that provides a fluid connection between the first annular channel and the second annular duct, wherein the first annular duct and the second annular duct are arranged spaced apart from one another viewed along an axis of symmetry of the casing.
- the method comprises the following steps: a) the medium flows through the tube bundle, b) separating a liquid phase of the refrigerant from a gaseous phase of the refrigerant using the first annular duct, c) conducting the liquid phase into the second annular duct using the connecting duct , and d) uniform distribution of the liquid phase over the tube bundle with the aid of the second annular channel in order to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the medium.
- Steps a) to d) can be carried out simultaneously.
- heat is extracted from the medium during step d) with the aid of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant can at least partially evaporate and change into the gaseous phase.
- the medium can be liquefied or at least cooled.
- the medium flows through the tube bundle, in particular on the tube side.
- the liquid phase is distributed particularly on the shell side of the tube bundle.
- step d) the liquid phase is evenly distributed over the tube bundle with the aid of a plurality of distributors of the second ring channel.
- the number of distributors is fundamentally arbitrary. By providing several distributors, a particularly uniform distribution of the liquid phase can be achieved.
- the distributors are preferably part of the second ring channel.
- the liquid phase is backed up in the second ring channel in such a way that the connecting channel opens into the second ring channel below a liquid level of the liquid phase.
- a lower edge of the connecting channel is arranged below the liquid level.
- the connecting channel is thus immersed or submerged in the liquid phase.
- step b) the liquid phase, viewed along a direction of gravity, is withdrawn downwards from the first annular channel with the aid of the connecting channel, with the gaseous phase exiting upwards from the first annular channel, viewed along the direction of gravity.
- the gaseous phase can be drawn off from the jacket at the cover section.
- the liquid phase of the refrigerant that exits downwards from the tube bundle and has not evaporated can also be drawn off from the jacket.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a coiled heat exchanger
- FIG. 2 shows a further schematic sectional view of the coiled heat exchanger according to section line II-II of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a method for exchanging heat between a refrigerant and a medium using the coil-wound heat exchanger according to FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a wound heat exchanger 1 (Engl .: Coil Wound Heat Exchanger, CWHE). the fig
- FIGS. 1 and 2 shows a schematic sectional view of the coiled heat exchanger 1. In the following, reference is made to FIGS. 1 and 2 simultaneously.
- Such a coiled heat exchanger 1 can be used to liquefy natural gas (Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG). However, other gases can also be liquefied.
- the coiled heat exchanger 1 is simply referred to below as a heat exchanger. 11
- the heat exchanger 1 comprises a jacket 2.
- the jacket 2 is made up of a cylindrical base section 3, a dome-shaped, curved cover section 4 and a dome-shaped, curved base section (not shown). With respect to a direction of gravity g, the lid section 4 is placed above the bottom section.
- the base section 3, the cover section 4 and the bottom section are soldered, welded, screwed or riveted to one another.
- the jacket 2 is fluid-tight.
- the shell 2 encloses an interior space 5.
- the shell 2 can be made of an aluminum alloy or a steel alloy.
- the shell 2 is essentially rotationally symmetrical to a central or
- Axis of symmetry 6 constructed. “Essentially” means that the jacket 2 does not necessarily have to have a circular cross section. The jacket 2 can also be slightly oval or elliptical in cross section. The coat 2 is placed upright or vertically. This means that the axis of symmetry 6 runs parallel to the direction of gravity g.
- the heat exchanger 1 is assigned a coordinate system with a width direction or x-direction x, a vertical direction or y-direction y and a depth direction or z-direction z.
- the directions x, y, z are oriented perpendicular to one another.
- the z-direction z is oriented parallel to the direction of gravity g and parallel to the axis of symmetry 6 .
- An inlet connector 7 is provided on the base section 3 and is oriented perpendicularly to the axis of symmetry 6 .
- a refrigerant K for example ethane, can be supplied to the heat exchanger 1 via the inlet connection 7 .
- the refrigerant K can be in two phases, so that it has a liquid phase KL and a gaseous phase KG.
- Several inlet nozzles 7 can be provided.
- the refrigerant K is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 with the help of block arrows.
- Block arrows with oblique hatching stand for a two-phase state of the
- Refrigerant K Horizontally hatched block arrows represent the gaseous phase KG of the refrigerant K. Unhatched block arrows represent the liquid phase KL of the refrigerant K. 12
- the refrigerant K can be fed into an upper or first ring channel 8 via the inlet connector 7 .
- the first ring channel 8 can be rectangular in cross section.
- the first ring channel 8 is arranged inside the jacket 2 .
- the first ring channel 8 runs completely around the axis of symmetry 6, so that the first ring channel 8 has a closed ring-shaped geometry. In principle, however, the first ring channel 8 can also be divided into a number of ring segments.
- the first ring channel 8 has an inner diameter d8.
- the first annular channel 8 is open at the top, ie in the direction of the cover section 4, so that the gaseous phase KG can escape from the first annular channel 8 upwards against the direction of gravity g.
- the gaseous phase KG can, for example, be drawn off from the jacket 2 with the aid of a discharge nozzle provided on the cover section 4 .
- the gaseous phase KG can be drawn off downwards together with the liquid phase KL.
- the first annular channel 8 protrudes radially, that is to say in the direction of the axis of symmetry 6 , into the casing 2 , in particular into the interior 5 .
- a liquid level 9 of the liquid phase KL is established in the first annular channel 8 .
- the first annular channel 8 serves to separate the gaseous phase KG from the liquid phase KL. The separation takes place in that the gaseous phase KG, as mentioned above, can escape upwards from the first annular channel 8 and that the liquid phase KL can escape downwards, i.e. in the direction of gravity g, from the first annular channel 8 with the aid of a connecting channel 10 is deducted.
- the connecting channel 10 runs parallel to the direction of gravity g or parallel to the axis of symmetry 6.
- the connecting channel 10 can be a shaft, a pipe or the like.
- a plurality of connecting channels 10 to 12 are preferably provided.
- the number of connecting channels 10 to 12 is basically arbitrary. For example, three or six connection channels 10 to 12 are provided.
- the connecting channels 10 to 12 are uniform around the
- the connecting channel 10 directs the liquid phase KL from the first ring channel 8 into a lower or second ring channel 13. Viewed along the axis of symmetry 6 13, the second ring channel 13 is arranged at a distance from the first ring channel 8. Viewed along the direction of gravity g, the first ring channel 8 is placed above the second ring channel 13 and the second ring channel 13 is placed below the first ring channel 8 .
- the second ring channel 13 like the first ring channel 8, can be rectangular in cross section.
- the second ring channel 13 is arranged inside the jacket 2 .
- the second ring channel 13 runs completely around the axis of symmetry 6, so that the second ring channel 13 has a closed ring-shaped geometry. In principle, however, the second ring channel 13 can also be divided into a number of ring segments.
- the second ring channel 13 has an inner diameter d13.
- the inner diameter d13 can be smaller than the inner diameter d8.
- the inner diameters d8, d13 can also be of the same size.
- the inner diameter d8 can also be smaller than the inner diameter d13.
- the second annular channel 13 is open at the top, ie in the direction of the cover section 4, so that the gaseous phase KG can escape from the second annular channel 13 upwards against the direction of gravity g.
- the second annular channel 13 protrudes radially, that is to say in the direction of the axis of symmetry 6 , into the jacket 2 , in particular into the interior 5 .
- the second ring channel 13 preferably protrudes further into the casing 2 than the first ring channel 8.
- a liquid level 14 of the liquid phase KL is established in the second ring channel 13 .
- the connecting channel 10 is immersed in the liquid phase such that a lower edge of the connecting channel 10 is placed below the liquid level 14 viewed along the direction of gravity g.
- the second ring channel 13 is used to evenly distribute the liquid phase KL to a plurality of distributors 15 to 17.
- the distributors 15 to 17 are part of the second ring channel 13.
- the number of distributors 15 to 17 is arbitrary. For example, three or six
- Distribution 15 to 17 provided.
- the number of distributors 15 to 17 preferably corresponds to the number of connecting channels 10 to 12.
- Each distributor 15 to 17 can be assigned a connecting channel 10 to 12.
- the distributors 15 to 17 are distributed uniformly around the axis of symmetry 6 or around a circumference of the jacket 2 . 14
- the distributors 15 to 17 can be designed as ring segments. However, this is not mandatory. In the present case, a “ring segment” is to be understood as meaning a section of a ring.
- the manifolds 15-17 are arranged alternately with spaces 18-20. This means that between two adjacent distributors 15 to 17 in each case an intermediate space 18 to 20 and between two intermediate spaces 18 to 20 in each case one distributor 15 to 17 is arranged. Only one distributor 15 is discussed below.
- the distributor 15 points radially in the direction of the axis of symmetry 6 further into the casing 2, in particular into the interior 5, than the second ring channel 13.
- the distributor 15 is in fluid connection with the second ring channel 13.
- fluid connection means in particular , that the liquid phase KL can flow out of the second ring channel 13 into the distributor 15 .
- an opening, an opening or the like can be provided in a bottom of the second ring channel 13 .
- the distributor 15 is closed at the top, that is to say in the direction of the cover section 4 .
- the liquid phase KL can emerge from the distributor 15 downwards, ie facing away from the cover section 4 .
- the distributor 15 has a large number of outlet openings, openings, bores or the like on the underside, with the aid of which the liquid phase KL can be distributed uniformly.
- the heat exchanger 1 also includes a tube bundle 21 which is arranged inside the jacket 2 and which is sprinkled with the liquid phase KL with the aid of the distributors 15 to 17 . In this case, the liquid phase KL is evaporated in particular with the aid of a falling film.
- the tube bundle 21 is wound onto a core tube 22 placed centrally in the shell 2 .
- the tube bundle 21 comprises a multiplicity of tubes which are wound onto the core tube 22 in multiple layers.
- the tube bundle 21 comprises slits or gaps, so that the liquid phase KL can flow through the tube bundle 21 on the shell side.
- "on the shell side” is to be understood as meaning an area outside the tubes of the tube bundle 21 .
- the tube bundle 21 completely fills an annular gap 23 provided between the core tube 22 and the jacket 2 . 15
- One of the fractions can be a medium to be liquefied, for example natural gas.
- the liquid phase KL of the refrigerant K can be another of the fractions.
- Other fractions can include, for example, other refrigerants, process media or the like. This means that the refrigerant K can also be fed into the tube bundle 21 and passed through the tube bundle 21 on the tube side. However, direct contact and thus no mixing of the fractions in the tube bundle 21 is possible.
- the tube bundle 21 thus has tubes through which only the medium flows. Only the refrigerant K flows through other pipes. Further tubes can also be provided through which further fractions flow.
- the aforesaid different tubes can form different layers of the tube bundle 21 .
- the “tube side” is to be understood as meaning an interior space enclosed by the tubes of the tube bundle 21, through which the medium to be liquefied, the refrigerant K and/or other fractions are conducted.
- Individual tubes 24 to 26 are pulled upwards from the tube bundle 21 through the intermediate spaces 18 to 20 in the direction of the cover section 4 .
- the tubes 24 to 26 run parallel to the axis of symmetry 6.
- the tubes 24 to 26 can also be referred to as "braids".
- the tubes 24 to 26 are fed to a tube sheet 27 .
- Several tube sheets 27 to 29 are preferably provided.
- the number of tube sheets 27 to 29 can correspond to the number of distributors 15 to 17. However, this is not mandatory. It is also possible, for example, to provide twice as many tube sheets 27 to 29 as distributors 15 to 17 .
- the tube sheets 27 to 29 can be placed at different heights. This means that the tube sheets 27 to 29 viewed along the axis of symmetry 6 can be offset from one another. However, the tube sheets 27 to 29 can also all be arranged at the same height. The tube sheets 27 to 29 can be assigned to different tube streams or fractions of the tube bundle 21 .
- the tube sheets 27 to 29 are welded or soldered into the jacket 2 .
- the tube sheets 27 to 29 can also be connected to the shell 2 with the help of sockets (not shown). 16 be connected.
- the tube sheets 27 to 29 can be distributed uniformly around the axis of symmetry 6 . However, this is not mandatory.
- the tube sheets 27 to 29 can also be distributed unevenly around the axis of symmetry 6 .
- At least one tube plate 27 to 29 can be assigned to each intermediate space 18 to 20 . However, this is not mandatory. Only one tube sheet 27 is discussed below.
- the tube sheet 27 is in fluid communication with the inlet port 7 via a supply line 30 and an expansion valve 31 .
- tubes of the tube bundle 21 through which the coolant K is conducted on the tube side are in fluid connection with the inlet connector 7 .
- the relief valve 31 is a so-called Joule-Thomson valve.
- the coolant K flowing through the tube bundle 21 is returned to the inlet connector 7 via the feed line 30 . This is compared to the interior 5 of the jacket 2 under a higher pressure.
- the refrigerant K is expanded in the expansion valve 31 and fed to the inlet connector 7 as a two-phase flow. During relaxation, relaxation cold occurs, which cools the refrigerant K.
- Tubes 24-26 are in fluid communication with tubesheet 27. Viewed along the axis of symmetry 6 , the tube sheet 27 is placed between the first ring channel 8 and the second ring channel 13 . In particular, the tube sheet 27 is placed below the first ring channel 8 and above the second ring channel 13 . This makes it possible to shorten the length of the tubes 24 to 26 compared to a heat exchanger with only one ring channel. This simplifies the manufacturability of the heat exchanger 1. Furthermore, the provision of two separate ring channels 8, 13 makes it possible to design the ring channels 8, 13 with different widths. On the one hand, this simplifies production and, on the other hand, can lead to a reduction in the accumulation of the liquid phase KL in the annular channels 8, 13.
- the functionality of the heat exchanger 1 is explained below.
- the medium to be liquefied flows through the tube bundle 21 on the tube side.
- the liquid phase KL is separated from the gaseous phase KG by the liquid phase KL being drawn off downwards into the second annular channel 13 with the aid of the connecting channels 10 to 12 and the gaseous phase KG escaping upwards.
- the gaseous phase KG can be drawn off upwards or downwards.
- the gaseous phase KG, together with the liquid phase KL can be drawn off flowing downward via the tube bundle 21 .
- the second ring channel 13 distributes the liquid phase KL evenly to the distributors 15 to 17, which in turn sprinkle the tube bundle 21 with the liquid phase KL.
- the liquid phase KL flows through the tube bundle 21 on the shell side, the liquid phase KL at least partially evaporating. In the process, heat is extracted from the medium.
- the medium liquefies in the process.
- the vaporized liquid phase KL rises as a gaseous phase KG and can be drawn off upwards. Alternatively, the gaseous phase KG can also be drawn off downwards through the tube bundle 21 .
- the liquid phase KL which does not evaporate, flows out of the tube bundle 21 on the underside and can be drawn off downwards.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a method for exchanging heat between the refrigerant K and the medium using the coiled heat exchanger 1.
- a step S1 the tube bundle 21 is flowed through with the medium.
- the liquid phase KL of the refrigerant K is separated from the gaseous phase KG with the aid of the first ring channel 8 .
- the liquid phase KL is conducted into the second ring channel 13 with the aid of the connecting channels 10 to 12.
- the liquid phase KL is evenly distributed over the tube bundle 21 with the aid of the distributors 15 to 17 in order to exchange the heat between the refrigerant K and the medium. Steps S1 to S4 can be performed simultaneously.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21020252 | 2021-05-12 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/025195 WO2022238001A1 (de) | 2021-05-12 | 2022-05-02 | Gewickelter wärmetauscher und verfahren |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4337908A1 true EP4337908A1 (de) | 2024-03-20 |
| EP4337908B1 EP4337908B1 (de) | 2025-01-15 |
Family
ID=75919184
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22726594.9A Active EP4337908B1 (de) | 2021-05-12 | 2022-05-02 | Gewickelter wärmetauscher und verfahren |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240240867A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4337908B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117321376A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022238001A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1113680B (de) * | 1959-12-22 | 1961-09-14 | Hydrocarbon Mineraloel G M B H | Vorrichtung zur Fluessigkeitsverteilung in nicht ortsfesten Fuellkoerperkolonnen |
| US3385352A (en) * | 1966-09-07 | 1968-05-28 | Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc | Evaporative heat exchanger |
| DE102004040974A1 (de) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Linde Ag | Gewickelter Wärmetauscher |
| DE102006033697A1 (de) * | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-24 | Linde Ag | Stoff- oder Wärmeaustauscherkolonne mit übereinander angeordneten Stoff- bzw. Wärmeaustauscherbereichen wie Rohrbündeln |
| DE102011017030A1 (de) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-10-18 | Linde Ag | Wärmetauscher mit Kernrohr und Ringkanal |
| DE102011103583A1 (de) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-06 | Linde Ag | Wärmetauscher |
| EP3447425A1 (de) * | 2017-08-22 | 2019-02-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Einbauten in einem gewickelten wärmeübertrager zur unterdrückung von gaswirbeln |
| CN109357551B (zh) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-17 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | 一种优化传热效率的换热结构及测控方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-05-02 CN CN202280033202.9A patent/CN117321376A/zh active Pending
- 2022-05-02 US US18/559,501 patent/US20240240867A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-02 WO PCT/EP2022/025195 patent/WO2022238001A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-05-02 EP EP22726594.9A patent/EP4337908B1/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20240240867A1 (en) | 2024-07-18 |
| CN117321376A (zh) | 2023-12-29 |
| EP4337908B1 (de) | 2025-01-15 |
| WO2022238001A1 (de) | 2022-11-17 |
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