Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
  • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
  • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
  • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
  • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
  • F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J1/0274—Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
  • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
  • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
  • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
  • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for liquefying a gas rich in carbon dioxide.
• preferred schemes increase the pressure to between 55 and 75 bara and liquefy the carbon dioxide with water (e.g. at 20°C).
• the liquid carbon dioxide is then subcooled to storage temperature. Subcooling is carried out by vaporizing part of the subcooled liquid or by an external refrigeration unit.
• the transport pressure is currently between 15 and 18 bara and in the future lower pressures will be considered, which will allow the size of the boats to be increased and benefit from a higher liquid density.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing liquid carbon dioxide at a first pressure and a first temperature as well as at a second pressure and a second temperature, while minimizing the energy consumption and the investments.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the liquefaction of a gas rich in carbon dioxide in order to produce initially only a first liquid at a first pressure and a first temperature, the process being subsequently modifiable for additionally producing a second liquid at a second temperature lower than the first temperature and a second pressure lower than the second pressure.
• This process makes it possible to modify an existing device producing a single flow of carbon dioxide at a given pressure and temperature in order to be able to produce in addition a second flow of carbon dioxide with substantially the same purity as the first but at a pressure and at a a lower temperature.
• a process for the liquefaction of a gas stream rich in CO 2 containing at least 90% mol of CO 2 comprising the following steps:
• an existing apparatus comprises
• the apparatus in which the apparatus is modified by adding a heat exchanger, means for sending part of the first liquid stream to cool in the heat exchanger, means for expanding a first part of the first liquid cooled in the heat exchanger heat and to release this expanded liquid as a second final product, means for expanding a second part of the cooled first liquid, separately from the first part of the first liquid, connected to the heat exchanger to allow heat exchange between the first liquid and the part of the expanded first liquid.
• FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for implementing a method according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for implementing a method according to the invention.
• the first pressure is preferably greater than 14 bara, for example between 15 and 19 bara.
• the first temperature is less than the equilibrium temperature by at most 5°C or equal to the equilibrium temperature.
• a gas 1 containing at least 80% mol, preferably at least 95% mol of carbon dioxide as well as impurities such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen or oxygen is compressed in the first part C2 of a compressor , comprising at least one floor. Then it is compressed in the second part C3 of the compressor, comprising at least one stage, to reach a pressure above the critical pressure.
• Gas 3 is liquefied and separated in a unit H1, for example by distillation and/or by partial condensation in a phase separator to remove light and/or heavy impurities present in gas 1, 3.
• the liquid 5 formed is expanded in a valve V2 to form the product 11.
• This compressor C1 can be the first stage of a compressor C1, C2, C3 or be an independent compressor.
• the second pressure is preferably less than or equal to 10 bara, for example between 6 and 8 bara.
• the second temperature is preferably lower than the equilibrium temperature by at most 5° C. or equal to the equilibrium temperature.
• the liquid expanded in the valve V2 is separated into two, a part forming the first product 11 and the rest 13 being sent to a heat exchanger H2 by indirect heat exchange, of the type with plates and brazed aluminum fins for example.
• the liquid 13 cools in the exchanger H2 to form an undercooled liquid 15 which is expanded in a valve V3 to form the product 17.
• Part of the subcooled liquid 15 is expanded in a valve V4 to cool it in order to supply the energy necessary for cooling the liquid 13 during its vaporization in H2.
• the flow formed 21 is returned to the compressor C1. It is then mixed with gas 1 and continues its compression in stages C2, C3.
• Flow 21 can be sent in whole or in part to compression and/or liquefaction and/or separation. It may also not be fully or partially recycled.
• flow 5 is divided in two upstream of valve V2 to form flow 13 to be sent to heat exchanger H2 and flow 11 to be expanded in valve V2 to form a product.
• liquid 5 is sent entirely to an intermediate storage 100 which has preferably been invested at the beginning of the life cycle of the liquefaction unit (see to produce a CO 2 -rich liquid product 11 at a first pressure which is withdrawn from storage 100.
• Liquid 13 is withdrawn from storage 100 to be sent to H2 in order to produce the CO2 product at a second pressure lower than the first.
• the gas 22 is sent to cool in the exchanger H2 in order to liquefy it by forming a liquid 23 at a second pressure.
• This liquid 23 can be mixed with the fluid 15 to form the product or vaporized with or without the flow 19.
• the device shows an apparatus capable of liquefying a flow rich in carbon dioxide, capable of producing a single product 11 at a first pressure and at a first temperature.
• the device is similar to the but does not include the C1 compressor provided in advance.
• the gas 3 is cooled in a CW cooler by a refrigerant whose temperature is likely to change with the ambient temperature, for example air or water to form a supercritical gas 3 with a density between 370 and 900 kg /m 3 .
• the gas is cooled in a heat exchanger 6 with a tube and shell or with brazed aluminum plates to reach a subcritical temperature, for example between 5° C. and 25° C.
• the fluid 4 formed is expanded in a valve 50 to a pressure between 45 and 60 bara to form a two-phase fluid which is then separated in a phase separator 60.
• Part 8 of the liquid from the phase separator 60 is used to cool the first heat exchanger 6.
• the liquid 8 vaporizes in the exchanger 6 and is returned to the gas to be separated 1 between the two parts C2, C3 of the compressor .
• phase separator liquid 60 constitutes the only product of the apparatus of this figure, at a first pressure and at a first temperature.
• the portion of the device designated as H1 corresponds to the H1 unit of the ;
• a part 13 of the bottom liquid of the phase separator 60 is cooled in the heat exchanger H2 to form the cooled liquid 15.
• This liquid is separated into two.
• Part 17 is expanded in V3 to the second pressure and the second temperature to form the second product.
• the residue 19 is expanded in the valve V4 to a third pressure, lower than the second pressure, for example between 5 and 6 bars, to cool it, vaporized in the heat exchanger 19 to form the gas 21 and returned to the compressor C2.
• the vaporized gas 21 can be returned to any suitable point of the process, for example upstream of the compressor C2, downstream of C2 and upstream of C3, downstream of C3 and upstream of H1 or 50 downstream of CW and upstream of 6.
• Flow 21 can be sent in whole or in part to compression and/or liquefaction and/or separation. It may also not be fully or partially recycled.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=76375285

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (29)

• 2021
  • 2021-05-12 FR FR2105037A patent/FR3122918B1/fr active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-05-04 WO PCT/EP2022/062037 patent/WO2022238212A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2022-05-04 EP EP22727842.1A patent/EP4337901A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-05-04 AU AU2022272446A patent/AU2022272446A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-05-04 US US18/290,045 patent/US20240255218A1/en active Pending

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events