EP4336105A1 - Verfahren zur detektion von luft in einem heiz- oder kühlsystem und heiz- oder kühlsystem - Google Patents

Verfahren zur detektion von luft in einem heiz- oder kühlsystem und heiz- oder kühlsystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4336105A1
EP4336105A1 EP23192993.6A EP23192993A EP4336105A1 EP 4336105 A1 EP4336105 A1 EP 4336105A1 EP 23192993 A EP23192993 A EP 23192993A EP 4336105 A1 EP4336105 A1 EP 4336105A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air detection
air
circulation pump
variation
hydraulic circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23192993.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lorenzo CENTURELLI
Flavio Chiavetti
Giuseppe MIRRA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ariston SpA
Original Assignee
Ariston SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ariston SpA filed Critical Ariston SpA
Publication of EP4336105A1 publication Critical patent/EP4336105A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/02—Hot-water central heating systems with forced circulation, e.g. by pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1012—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating by regulating the speed of a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/238—Flow rate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
    • F24H15/34—Control of the speed of pumps

Definitions

  • Heating systems for supplying radiators or similar heating devices with hot water comprise a heat generator, typically consisting of a gas boiler or a heat pump, connected to a hydraulic circuit along which heating devices are provided, installed in various rooms of the house, e.g., wall radiators or under-floor exchangers.
  • the heating system heats the water and conveys it through the heating devices by means of which the heat of the water is transferred to the environment.
  • the water is heated to a working temperature, by means of the heat generator placed in a heat exchange relationship with the hydraulic circuit, where a system for controlling the heat generator controls the activation, shutdown, and power adjustment of the heat generator, e.g., of a burner of a gas boiler or a compressor of a heat pump, as well as the activation, shutdown, and flow rate adjustment of a water circulation pump, for example for varying the flow of water conveyed through the hydraulic heating circuit.
  • the control system controls the operation of the heat generator and the circulation pump as a function of one or more temperature values selectable by a user and detected values of the ambient temperature in the environments to be heated and the temperature of the water in the hydraulic heating circuit.
  • EP2918923A1 describes a heating system according to the prior art and having features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • EP1593916B1 and KR20040081983A describe systems of the prior art that represent a technological context for the invention.
  • the heat generator e.g., a gas boiler
  • the de-aeration valves of the heating system are only opened by a skilled operator (technical service centers) and only during in-situ interventions, to avoid undesired side effects (which are difficult to manage for unskilled users) during the service life of the heating system.
  • Some known boilers also comprise an electronic control function for bleeding the air in both the local circuit of the boiler and the hydraulic circuit of the central heating system, which performs specific control sequences of controlling the circulation pump and a diverter valve for diverting the heat transfer fluid between the primary circuit of the boiler and the hydraulic heating circuit so as to carry the air bubbles of both circuits into the de-aerator.
  • This function is also generally manually activated by a skilled operator.
  • the air bleeding is typically carried out by skilled operators during installation or extraordinary maintenance and takes a long time, because there is no indicator of the presence of air and the only known clues for understanding whether the air has been completely bled are the circulation noises and operating anomalies of the boiler (e.g., overheating).
  • a heating or cooling system in particular a domestic system, of the type comprising:
  • a heating or cooling system e.g., a boiler or a heat pump system
  • a domestic system comprises:
  • the variation measurement of the flow rate or speed, detected directly or by means of the detection of flow parameters or related electrical parameters, provides an easily obtainable determination criterion, which is electronically processable and reliable.
  • a heating or cooling system 1 (e.g., a gas boiler or a heat pump system), in particular a domestic system, comprises:
  • step F6 if the calculated variation FlowRate_StdDev is greater than the variation threshold value Threshold_var, it generates a notification signal of air presence in the hydraulic circuit 2 (step F6), and
  • the air detection module 7, 7' is configured so that, if during a first air detection step 15.1 of the air detection steps 15.1,...,15.n, with a first pumping speed of the circulation pump 5, the calculated variation FlowRate_StdDev is lower than the variation threshold value Threshold_var, the air detection module 7, 7' performs a further subsequent air detection step 15.2, with a further pumping speed of the circulation pump 5, which is different from the first pumping speed.
  • the calculated variation FlowRate_StdDev may differ significantly as a function of the flow speed. Therefore, performing the air detection process 15 by means of a plurality of air detection steps 15.1, ..., 15.n at different flow speeds of the circulation pump 5, significantly increases the reliability and result precision thereof.
  • the air detection process 5 and the air detection module 7, 7' perform the first air detection step 15.1 with a first pumping speed and the subsequent air detection step(s) 15.2, ..., 15.n with pumping speeds decreasing from one air detection step 15.n-1 to the subsequent air detection step 15.n ( figure 6 ), for example in the order of number of the air detection step 15.1, ..., 15.4, the pumping speed is 100%, 80%, 60%, 40% of the maximum speed of pump 5.
  • the pumping speed of the circulation pump 5 is preferably constant within the same air detection step 15.n.
  • the duration of the detection interval is preferably constant, e.g., 25 seconds or in the range from 20 seconds to 30 seconds.
  • the number of values x detected and collected during the detection interval is preferably constant, e.g., 25 or in the range from 20 to 30, detected with a detection frequency of 1 value/second, for example.
  • the variation threshold value Threshold_var is preferably different for different pumping speeds of the circulation pump 5.
  • the (reception of the) notification signal of air presence in the hydraulic circuit 2 can form the base for, or trigger subsequent method steps, e.g., one or more visual and/or acoustic notification steps and/or one or more anomaly control steps of the heat or cold generator 4 and/or the circulation pump 5, and/or a safety shutdown step of the heat or cold generator 4 and the circulation pump 5.
  • the visual and/or acoustic notification can occur by means of a user interface 12 of the electronic control system 6 of the heating or cooling system 1, positioned directly on board the heat or cold generator 4 or externally thereto, for example, or by means of a further user interface 12' of an air detection module 7' outside the electronic control system 6 of the heating or cooling system 1.
  • the air detection module 7, 7' can be an electronic processing module 7 directly integrated into the electronic control system 6 of the heating or cooling system 1 or an electronic processing module 7' outside the latter and temporarily or permanently connectable to the heating or cooling system 1 (signal and/or hydraulic and/or electrical connection) as a retrofitting accessory.
  • an anomaly notification signal is transmitted (step F9), e.g., by cable or wirelessly (from the electronic control system 6 or the air detection module either integrated 7 or external 7', for example) to a remote server 13 (cloud) which, in response to receiving the anomaly notification signal, performs a maintenance preparation procedure (step F10).
  • the maintenance preparation procedure F10 can comprise sending an electronic message, e.g., by telephone, SMS, email, etc., to the user or an administrator in charge of the heating or cooling system 1.
  • the remote server 13 the remote server 13:
  • the air detection module 7, 7' is configured to (and the air detection method comprises):
  • the air detection module 7, 7' can be configured to (and the air detection method can comprise) performing the air detection process 15 automatically as a function of a predetermined starting criterion (or set of criteria).
  • the starting criterion or set of criteria can comprise:
  • the parameter x indicative of the flow rate is obtained (e.g., from the air detection module 7) by a flow rate signal provided by the circulation pump 5.
  • the circulation pump 5 can comprise a flow rate sensor 8 (flowmeter) or an indirect determination device 9 for the flow rate depending on electrical parameters (of the electric motor 10) of the circulation pump 5.
  • the parameter x indicative of the flow rate is obtained (e.g., from the air detection module 7) by a signal of a flow rate sensor 8 (flowmeter) connected to the hydraulic circuit 2 outside the circulation pump 5, e.g., inside or outside a housing 11 of the heat or cold generator 4.
  • the parameter x indicative of the flow rate is the flow rate itself.
  • the parameter x indicative of the flow rate is obtained (e.g., from the air detection module 7) by a prevalence signal generated by the circulation pump 5, or by a signal of electric power (or electric current) absorbed by the electric motor 10 of the circulation pump 5 or by a signal of the number of revolutions or angular speed of the electric motor 10 of the circulation pump 5.
  • the calculation of the variation FlowRate_StdDev of the plurality of values x_t comprises calculating a relative standard deviation or variation coefficient.
  • the calculation of the variation FlowRate_StdDev of the plurality of values x_t comprises calculating an average value of the absolute differences between all values x of the plurality of values x_t and an average value of all values x of the plurality of values x_t.
  • the calculation of the variation FlowRate_StdDev of the plurality of values x_t comprises calculating an average value of the absolute differences between all values x of the plurality of values x_t and a central value (halfway between a maximum value and a minimum value) of all values x of the plurality of values x_t.
  • the calculation of the variation FlowRate_StdDev of the plurality of values x_t comprises calculating a degree of non-cyclicity or a degree of randomness of a sequence (in the order of time) of the values x of the plurality of values x_t. The greater the randomness, the greater the probability that the fluctuation is due to air in the system and not to cyclic pumping phenomena.
  • FlowRate_StdDev is an invented name which, despite the resemblance, does not necessarily indicate a standard deviation and does not necessarily refer to a flow rate, but to a parameter indicative or representative of the flow rate.
  • Figure 6 shows the trend of the flow rate with respect to time: during alternate steps of the air detection 15 and de-aeration process of the system 1, starting from a situation with a great amount of air in the system 1 and performing, for each air detection process 15, a plurality of air detection steps 15.1, ..., 15.n, and, between two consecutive air detection processes 15, respectively, a de-aeration step of the system 1.
  • the pumping speed of pump 5 has been modulated at 4 different speeds, from MAX to MIN.
  • the fluctuation measurement of the value x systematically depends on the amount of air in the water flow: In the first and second detection processes (cycles 1 and 2 from the left in figure 6 ), the amount of air is very large and detectable at all speeds of pump 5.
  • the amount of air is small and detectable only at the maximum speed of pump 5.
  • the amount of air is so small or completely absent that it is no longer detectable.
  • Figure 7 shows the standard deviation (ordinate) of the flow rate at a constant pump speed (60% of the maximum speed) for each test cycle shown in figure 6 .
  • figure 7 shows that the standard deviation of the flow rate at a fixed pump speed (60%) increases as the air increases in the hydraulic circuit 2 (1 st and 2 nd cycle in figures 6 and 7 ) and decreases when the air is gradually eliminated (3 rd , 4 th and 5 th cycles in figures 6 and 7 ).
  • the samples of values acquired when performing the tests (1 sample per second) are indicated on the axis of abscissas in figure 7 , taking into account a fixed number of 25 samples per detection interval.
  • the heating and/or cooling system 1 described so far can be installed at a house 16 or a general building.
  • the water circulating in the hydraulic circuit 2 is brought to a desired working temperature (heated or cooled), by means of the heat and/or cold generator 4 placed in a heat exchange relationship with the hydraulic circuit 2.
  • the control system 6 of the heat and/or cold generator 4 e.g., gas boiler or heat pump or geothermal generator
  • controls the activation, shutdown, and power adjustment of the heat and/or cold generator 4 e.g., of a burner of a gas boiler or a compressor of a heat pump, as well as the activation, shutdown, and pumping speed adjustment of the circulation pump 5.
  • the control system 6 controls the operation of the heat and/or cold generator 4 and the circulation pump 5 as a function of one or more temperature values selectable by a user by means of the user interface 12 or by means of an internal environment thermostat 17 with temperature selection function, as well as, possibly, as a function of values detected by one or more of an incoming water temperature sensor 18 at the inlet of the heat exchanger 22 of the heat and/or cold generator 4, an outcoming water temperature sensor 19 at the exit of the heat exchanger 22 of the heat and/or cold generator 4, an external ambient temperature sensor 20, an internal ambient temperature sensor 21 ( figure 1 ).
  • the system 1 e.g., a boiler system or a heat pump system or a geothermal system
  • the hydraulic heating circuit 2 to which it is connectable, for example, for new installations or for replacing old gas boilers or heat pumps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
EP23192993.6A 2022-09-06 2023-08-23 Verfahren zur detektion von luft in einem heiz- oder kühlsystem und heiz- oder kühlsystem Pending EP4336105A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102022000018183A IT202200018183A1 (it) 2022-09-06 2022-09-06 Metodo di rilevamento d’aria in un impianto di riscaldamento o raffreddamento, e impianto di riscaldamento o raffreddamento

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP4336105A1 true EP4336105A1 (de) 2024-03-13

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EP23192993.6A Pending EP4336105A1 (de) 2022-09-06 2023-08-23 Verfahren zur detektion von luft in einem heiz- oder kühlsystem und heiz- oder kühlsystem

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EP (1) EP4336105A1 (de)
IT (1) IT202200018183A1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20040081983A (ko) * 2003-03-17 2004-09-23 주식회사 롯데기공 가스보일러의 시운전방법
EP1593916B1 (de) 2004-05-04 2012-06-20 Wilo Se Entfernung von Gasen in Heizkörpern
EP2918923A1 (de) 2014-03-13 2015-09-16 Vaillant GmbH Verfahren zum Entlüften des Wärmeträgermediums von Heizgeräten

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20040081983A (ko) * 2003-03-17 2004-09-23 주식회사 롯데기공 가스보일러의 시운전방법
EP1593916B1 (de) 2004-05-04 2012-06-20 Wilo Se Entfernung von Gasen in Heizkörpern
EP2918923A1 (de) 2014-03-13 2015-09-16 Vaillant GmbH Verfahren zum Entlüften des Wärmeträgermediums von Heizgeräten

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