EP4331742A1 - Procédé de surveillance d'un processus de rivetage et appareil de rivetage avec surveillance du processus - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance d'un processus de rivetage et appareil de rivetage avec surveillance du processus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP4331742A1
EP4331742A1 EP23159393.0A EP23159393A EP4331742A1 EP 4331742 A1 EP4331742 A1 EP 4331742A1 EP 23159393 A EP23159393 A EP 23159393A EP 4331742 A1 EP4331742 A1 EP 4331742A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
force
riveting
rivet
time
displacement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23159393.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Reitzig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ws Wielander and Schill Engineering & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Ws Wielander and Schill Engineering & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102022122238.1A external-priority patent/DE102022122238A1/de
Application filed by Ws Wielander and Schill Engineering & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Ws Wielander and Schill Engineering & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP4331742A1 publication Critical patent/EP4331742A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/105—Portable riveters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/16—Drives for riveting machines; Transmission means therefor
    • B21J15/22—Drives for riveting machines; Transmission means therefor operated by both hydraulic or liquid pressure and gas pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/28—Control devices specially adapted to riveting machines not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups
    • B21J15/285—Control devices specially adapted to riveting machines not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups for controlling the rivet upset cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring a riveting process using a hydraulic riveting device with process monitoring.
  • the invention relates to a hand-held hydraulic riveting device with a pneumatic-hydraulic pressure intensifier.
  • the process monitoring device can abort the riveting process or at least provide an error message.
  • the above-mentioned prior art relates to a hand riveting tool in which the handle has a cup-shaped housing for the pneumatic piston and in which a stroke of the pneumatic piston corresponds exactly to a stroke of the hydraulic piston.
  • the force which corresponds to the tensile stress, can be measured by means of a force sensor, such as a strain gauge, which is located on the pulling device.
  • EP 3 360 647 A1 shows a riveting device in which a pneumatic-hydraulic pressure generator is connected to a riveting attachment.
  • the riveting attachment includes a working piston for a drawing or pressing tool, in particular a blind riveting device or a riveting bracket.
  • a modular system can thus be provided in which the pressure generator can be used for different types of pressing and drawing tools.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing an improved method for process monitoring of a riveting process and a riveting device designed for this purpose.
  • the object of the invention is already achieved by a riveting device with process monitoring and by a method for monitoring a riveting process according to one of the independent claims.
  • the invention relates to a riveting device with process monitoring.
  • a riveting device refers in particular to devices for setting punch rivets, blind rivets, rivet nuts, etc.
  • a riveting device includes, for example in the case of a blind riveting device, a pulling device by means of which the rivet pin is pulled until it tears off.
  • rivet brackets that either have a die for forming the rivet on the side opposite the pressing device or are processed from both sides by means of the two-part rivet.
  • the riveting device includes a pressure generator.
  • the pressure generator is designed in particular as a pneumatic-hydraulic pressure generator. There will be one Pneumatic piston moves oscillating and hydraulic fluid is conveyed via a suction and pump valve during the setting process. This means that high pressures can be generated even with a compact device.
  • the pressure generator is connected to a rivet attachment via a quick coupling.
  • the quick coupling can have a self-closing hydraulic valve. This means that hydraulic fluid can be pumped from the pressure generator into the rivet attachment.
  • the quick coupling can include a mechanical interface, e.g. with displaceable pistons, via which the force generated by the pressure generator is transmitted to the rivet attachment.
  • the rivet attachment is the actual riveting tool and includes the working piston through which the pulling or pressing device is moved.
  • the fluid moved by the pressure generator flows into the working piston during the setting process and can flow back after the work process has ended.
  • the system according to the invention is modular in such a way that various rivet attachments, for example blind rivet attachments, rivet brackets, etc., can be connected to the pressure generator via the quick coupling with the self-closing hydraulic valve.
  • the coupling can in particular be designed as a ball coupling. A reliable mechanical connection is created via the ball coupling.
  • the rivet attachment is provided with a corresponding coupling piece, which can be connected to the quick coupling.
  • the quick coupling can preferably be operated without tools and can in particular be designed as a rotating or sliding sleeve.
  • a pressure sensor is arranged in a hydraulic area of the pressure intensifier, via which the force generated by the rivet attachment can be determined.
  • the pressure within the hydraulic range of the pressure intensifier is used according to the invention.
  • the tensile or pressing force generated by the riveting device can be reliably determined by measuring the pneumatic pressure in the pressure intensifier.
  • a setting process can be evaluated using corresponding values of a force/time or force/distance curve that can be determined in this way.
  • tolerance ranges within which the setting process must lie are stored specifically for the respective rivet and the respective rivet attachment.
  • Measuring the pressure is relatively easy to implement using a sensor and does not require a force transducer on the rivet attachment itself.
  • the pressure sensor is arranged on an intermediate piece which is detachably connected to a main housing of the pressure generator.
  • the quick coupling can now be connected to the intermediate piece.
  • the intermediate piece can be designed to be compact, in particular having a length of less than 5 cm.
  • the intermediate piece can in particular be connected to the main housing and to the quick coupling by means of a screw connection.
  • the pressure sensor is preferably designed as an absolute pressure sensor. Silicon, quartz or a metal is preferably used as the sensor material.
  • the sensor can comprise a piazoelectric sensor, in particular made of zinc oxide or aluminum nitride. Alternatively, it can be a pressure sensor with a strain gauge.
  • the pressure sensor is preferably firmly connected to the intermediate piece, in particular screwed into the intermediate piece.
  • the process monitoring uses at least two, preferably three time windows to check whether the force exerted by the rivet attachment is within a stored tolerance range.
  • a window can be in the elastic range in which the force is essentially linear and in which Hooke's law applies.
  • Another time window can be in the plastic region, in which the rivet begins to deform.
  • a third window can be located in the so-called flow area, in which the material flows in such a way that the curve flattens out again until, as with a blind rivet, the tear-off force is reached or, when using a rivet bar, the maximum force is reached.
  • the pressure sensor preferably has a measuring range of up to at least 500 bar, preferably up to at least 800 bar.
  • the riveting tool is designed in particular as a hand-held riveting tool.
  • the operating lever of the riveting device is arranged on the housing of the pressure generator.
  • the pressure generator is carried by hand and also serves as an actuator.
  • the pressure generator can also be arranged stationary and connected via a hydraulic line to a handle, which includes the actuator and the quick coupling for the rivet attachment.
  • the invention further relates to a method for monitoring a riveting process, wherein in particular a riveting device according to an embodiment described above can be used.
  • Self-piercing rivets are used in particular to connect sheet metal pairs in car bodies. These have the advantage that no hole has to be drilled before the rivet is processed. In particular, the rivet punches out the required opening in the hole pairing itself.
  • the punch rivet is designed as a semi-hollow rivet.
  • a semi-hollow punch rivet punches a hole in at least a first sheet metal layer, with the material of the punched hole flowing into the cavity of the rivet and forming a so-called slug there.
  • the closing head that forms on the opposite side is formed by the collar of the rivet being deformed by the die of the setting tool.
  • a force-displacement and/or force-time curve is measured.
  • a setting process can be evaluated by measuring the force curve of the setting, checking whether the force curve corresponds to an empirically determined or calculated force curve (plus a tolerance window). For example, the force can be plotted against time. This is particularly simple because no force transducer, such as a strain gauge or piezo sensor, is required on the setting tool.
  • the pump frequency can also be fixed depending on the design. This means that the pump frequency does not decrease or does not decrease significantly as the force increases.
  • a riveting tool is therefore preferably used in which the setting time is proportional to the distance traveled. This makes a particularly simple evaluation possible.
  • a first force-displacement and/or force-time window is defined empirically or by calculation and it is checked whether the force lies within the predetermined tolerance range within a predetermined time interval.
  • the time is measured from which the minimum setting force in the first window is reached, which elapses until a maximum force is reached which exceeds the maximum force of the first window.
  • the force-distance and/or force-time window measures whether the force F lies between a minimum force Fmin and a maximum force Fmax during a period t. If t is in a target range between tmin and tmax, the riveting process is OK while passing through the first window.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that with a punch rivet, in particular with a punched semi-hollow rivet, the force initially increases when the rivet punches into the sheet metal pairing. However, due to the flow of the material and/or the punching through of a first sheet metal layer, the force then drops again and then increases again to a maximum value at which the closing head is formed.
  • the second window also checks whether a force within a predetermined tolerance range is achieved over a predetermined period of time.
  • the force can increase dramatically. If, for example, an unsuitable die is used, which has a cavity that is too large, the force at the end of the setting process increases too slowly or the specified maximum force is not even reached.
  • a third force-displacement and/or force-time window is provided, which overlaps the first and second force-displacement and/or force-time windows.
  • the third window can in particular include the entire setting process from the start of punching to the formation of a closing head.
  • the third window the range between Fmin and Fmax is higher than in the first and second windows.
  • the third measuring window begins in particular when the minimum force Fmin for the first measuring window is reached and ends when the maximum force Fmax is reached at the end of the setting process, i.e. when the closing head has formed.
  • This time interval must also match the respective setting process, which means that further possible errors in the setting process can be detected.
  • the riveting tool can generate an error message.
  • the setting process can in particular be aborted before it is completed, especially if the first measuring window is not within the specified tolerance range.
  • the force-displacement or force-time windows can be determined empirically. A series of tests is carried out with a specific sheet pairing and a specific rivet and the tolerance range for the measuring windows is determined based on the test series.
  • such force-path and/or force-time curves can also be calculated, in particular based on the types of sheet metal used.
  • the sheets can, for example, be divided into different groups, for example steel, aluminum and also a division based on strength.
  • the method is preferably carried out in such a way that a program is executed on the riveting device.
  • the user can enter the sheet metal pairing used into the device.
  • the rivet used can be entered manually. It is also conceivable to read the rivet used automatically, for example via a barcode or an RFID chip on the packaging from which the rivet is removed.
  • the riveter will generate a corresponding message and inform the user that the use of this rivet is not permitted.
  • Information regarding the matrix to be used can also be stored on the device.
  • the display of the riveting device can show which die must be used for the selected rivet.
  • the force-displacement and/or force-time windows are generated for the measurement process to be carried out. As explained above, these can be stored directly on the device as an empirically generated data set.
  • the riveting tool can also do one Include an algorithm that calculates the force-distance and/or force-time window based on the respective sheet metal pairing and respective rivet.
  • the invention further relates to a riveting device which is designed to carry out the method described above.
  • the riveting device includes a memory and a processor.
  • the memory contains data sets relating to the force-time and/or force-distance windows and/or an algorithm to calculate these.
  • the riveting device can also include a display. This can in particular be designed as a touch screen.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a pressure generator 1, which in combination with the in Fig. 2 rivet attachment 30 shown can be coupled to a riveting device.
  • the pressure generator 1 includes a main housing 2 with a pneumatic connection 3.
  • the pressure generator is therefore designed as a pneumatic-hydraulic pump, in particular essentially as described in the EP 3 360 647 A1 is described.
  • the entire pressure generator 1 is carried by hand.
  • the pressure generator is arranged in a stationary manner and is connected to a handle by means of a hydraulic hose.
  • the pressure generator 1 includes a quick coupling 5.
  • the quick coupling 5 is designed as a ball coupling and includes an integrated self-closing hydraulic valve.
  • the quick coupling 5 can be designed, for example, as a sliding sleeve.
  • the sleeve of the quick coupling 5 is pulled from the position shown here in the proximal direction in order to be able to uncouple the rivet attachment.
  • the intermediate piece is screwed to the main housing 2.
  • the intermediate piece 10 includes a thread, in particular an internal thread, for the quick coupling 5 with the self-closing hydraulic valve.
  • the intermediate piece essentially extends the channel for hydraulic fluid leading to the quick coupling 5.
  • This axial channel 11 is shown schematically as a dashed line.
  • a channel 12 extends from the channel 11 in the radial direction to the pressure sensor 22.
  • the channel 12 initially runs radially outwards and is then angled in the proximal direction.
  • the pressure sensor can in particular be located in an arm 13, which is angled laterally in the proximal direction.
  • This arrangement is compact and protects the pressure sensor 20 from damage.
  • the pressure sensor 20 is designed as a screw sensor and includes a thread 21 which is screwed into the intermediate piece 10.
  • the pressure sensor 20 also includes an output 22 in which the signal from the pressure sensor 20 can be picked up and forwarded to an external unit.
  • a pressure sensor can also be used, which communicates with a process monitoring device via a wireless communication device.
  • the actual process monitoring device which preferably includes a screen, is not shown here. However, such process monitoring devices are known and can in particular also be designed as a mobile device.
  • the corresponding parameters for the various rivets are stored within the process monitoring device.
  • the process monitoring device can output a corresponding signal (optical or acoustic) and/or display an error message.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a rivet attachment 30.
  • the rivet attachment 30 is designed as a blind rivet attachment.
  • This comprises a coupling 31, which also has a self-closing hydraulic valve and which comprises a groove in which the balls of the quick coupling of the pressure generator engage in the assembled state.
  • the rivet attachment further comprises a housing 32 in which the working space of a hydraulic piston is located, via which the pulling device of the blind rivet attachment is operated.
  • the sockets for gripping the rivet pin are located in a conventional manner in a head piece 33 connected to the housing 32.
  • the housing 32 can be pivoted via a pivot bearing 34.
  • the pivot bearing includes a rotary feedthrough for hydraulic fluid.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of an already processed semi-hollow punch rivet, with respect to which the method according to the invention is used to evaluate the setting process.
  • the punching semi-hollow rivet 40 comprises an annular section which punches through the sheet metal and which forms a closing head 43 at the end of the setting process.
  • the semi-hollow punch rivet 40 completely punches through a first layer 41 of the sheet.
  • a slug 44 is formed, which is arranged in the cavity of the hollow punch rivet 40 at the end of the setting process.
  • the closing head is formed by the material of the rivet 40, by the slug 44 and by the formed sheet metal of the lower sheet metal layer 42.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic graphic of the time-force curve when setting the rivet.
  • the time is plotted dimensionlessly on the x-axis and the force is plotted dimensionally on the y-axis.
  • the setting process ends with a maximum force at which the closing head is formed.
  • the maximum force is preferably adjustable on the riveting device and is adjusted depending on the rivet and sheet metal pairing.
  • the force initially increases when the punch rivet hits the sheet metal pairing and begins to punch the sheet metal.
  • time t1 within which the force lies in the first force window is crucial for evaluating the setting process of a semi-hollow punch rivet.
  • a minimum time and a maximum time are defined for t1 (and also t2 and t3, not shown).
  • t1 is not within a specified time interval, for example if the maximum force of the first window is exceeded early, the setting process is assessed as incorrect.
  • a region of plastic, approximately linear deformation then occurs until the second, upper force window is reached, within which the closing head is formed.
  • the increase in force relative to time (or distance) decreases as material now flows into the die in which the closing head is formed.
  • a defined maximum force is reached, the setting process is ended.
  • the second force window defines a time interval t2 within which the closing head is formed. So t2 must also be within a specified interval.
  • the invention further defines a third window, which is characterized here as a distance-time window.
  • the third window is defined by time t3. This is the time period from reaching the minimum force of the first force window to reaching the specified maximum force Fmax at the end of the setting process.
  • t3 must also be within a specified range. Due to tolerances, the maximum force of the second and third windows is greater than force Fmax at the end of the setting process.
  • t2 and t3 can be measured either until the force Fmax is reached, or until the riveting tool ends the setting process with a slight delay when the force Fmax is reached.
  • the flowchart according to Fig. 5 shows schematically how the riveting device in Fig. 4
  • the evaluation of the setting process shown is started by the user.
  • the user first enters a sheet pairing, in particular the thickness and type of sheets to be riveted.
  • a rivet is then either entered manually or read by the device.
  • a data set with the first, second and third force windows is generated or read in from an empirically determined data set.
  • This data set corresponds to the representation Fig. 4 .
  • the setting process is then carried out, with an automated check being made as to whether the settings are in accordance with Fig. 4 specified value ranges for t1, t2 and t3 are adhered to in the respective window.
  • the setting process is evaluated positively, e.g. by showing on the display of the riveting tool that the setting process is OK.
  • the riveting device can include a memory in which the values of each individual setting process are stored. So can The quality of each individual setting process is documented as part of quality assurance.
  • the invention made it possible to reliably monitor the process even with riveting devices with a separate pressure generator.
EP23159393.0A 2022-09-02 2023-03-01 Procédé de surveillance d'un processus de rivetage et appareil de rivetage avec surveillance du processus Pending EP4331742A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022122238.1A DE102022122238A1 (de) 2021-09-02 2022-09-02 Nietgerät mit einer Prozessüberwachung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4331742A1 true EP4331742A1 (fr) 2024-03-06

Family

ID=85415230

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23159393.0A Pending EP4331742A1 (fr) 2022-09-02 2023-03-01 Procédé de surveillance d'un processus de rivetage et appareil de rivetage avec surveillance du processus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4331742A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10248298A1 (de) 2002-01-21 2003-07-31 Ms Verwaltungs Und Patentgmbh Setzwerk mit Mitteln zur Kontrolle von Setzvorgängen
DE29825226U1 (de) * 1997-07-21 2006-12-21 Newfrey Llc, Newark Vorrichtung zum Ausbilden einer Stanznietverbindung
CN102004056B (zh) * 2010-12-24 2012-10-17 上海交通大学 自冲铆接质量在线检测系统及其检测方法
EP3360647A1 (fr) 2017-02-13 2018-08-15 WS Wieländer + Schill Engineering GmbH & Co. KG Générateur de pression ainsi qu'outil de rivetage, de poinçonnage, de pressage ou de brochage
WO2020239443A1 (fr) * 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Audi Ag Procédé de surveillance de processus, programme informatique, dispositif de traitement de données, support lisible par ordinateur et dispositif de surveillance de processus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29825226U1 (de) * 1997-07-21 2006-12-21 Newfrey Llc, Newark Vorrichtung zum Ausbilden einer Stanznietverbindung
DE10248298A1 (de) 2002-01-21 2003-07-31 Ms Verwaltungs Und Patentgmbh Setzwerk mit Mitteln zur Kontrolle von Setzvorgängen
CN102004056B (zh) * 2010-12-24 2012-10-17 上海交通大学 自冲铆接质量在线检测系统及其检测方法
EP3360647A1 (fr) 2017-02-13 2018-08-15 WS Wieländer + Schill Engineering GmbH & Co. KG Générateur de pression ainsi qu'outil de rivetage, de poinçonnage, de pressage ou de brochage
WO2020239443A1 (fr) * 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Audi Ag Procédé de surveillance de processus, programme informatique, dispositif de traitement de données, support lisible par ordinateur et dispositif de surveillance de processus

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE60306270T2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Setzens von Blindnieten
EP1034055B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour realiser un assemblage estampe rivete
EP2356339B1 (fr) Dispositif de fixation pour une chemise de cylindre et utilisation et pompe de chasse avec un dispositif de fixation
DE10248298A1 (de) Setzwerk mit Mitteln zur Kontrolle von Setzvorgängen
DE19705462C2 (de) Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Elektropresse
DE112004000660B3 (de) Steuerungsverfahren zur Steuerung des Betriebs eines Werkzeugs zum Setzen verformbarer Befestigungsmittel in ein Werkstück
EP2094995B1 (fr) Système de commande pour un mécanisme de transmission et procédé de commande d'un mécanisme de transmission
DE102008025074A1 (de) Durchsetzfügeverfahren
DE112005001735T5 (de) Blindnietüberwachungssystem Versorgungsdruckkompensation
EP1469958B1 (fr) Outil de pose equipe de systemes de controle de processus de pose
DE102014008613A1 (de) Radialpresse
EP3698924A2 (fr) Procédé de vissage ou de dévissage attesté d'un raccord à vis
DE102006031825A1 (de) Kontrollverfahren an Werkzeugmaschinen und Werkzeug zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP2330003A1 (fr) Dispositif d'actionneur doté d'un capteur de force
DE102009014230A1 (de) System zum gleichzeitigen Anziehen von mehreren Verschraubungen in einem Arbeitsgang
EP4331742A1 (fr) Procédé de surveillance d'un processus de rivetage et appareil de rivetage avec surveillance du processus
EP1142655A2 (fr) Outil de sertissage et méthode à sertir
DE102006013651B4 (de) Werkzeugeinheit und Verfahren zum axialen Verschieben eines Werkzeugkopfes
WO2018178186A1 (fr) Procédé de pose d'un raccordement assemblé par technique de formage
EP2380678A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé destinés au positionnement d'un outil dans une machine à laminer des profilés
DE102019125562A1 (de) Stanznietvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer stanznietvorrichtung, um eine inkorrekte matrizenverwendung zu verhindern
DE102022122238A1 (de) Nietgerät mit einer Prozessüberwachung
DE60306587T2 (de) Nietsetzwerkzeug zum Setzen von Blindnieten
DE19819716C1 (de) Druckmittelzange
DE10237776B4 (de) Verfahren zur Überwachung des Fügeprozesses eines Clips mit einem Bauteil

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR