EP4324064A1 - Module de commande de flux de puissance destiné à être utilisé dans un réseau local basse tension - Google Patents

Module de commande de flux de puissance destiné à être utilisé dans un réseau local basse tension

Info

Publication number
EP4324064A1
EP4324064A1 EP22727143.4A EP22727143A EP4324064A1 EP 4324064 A1 EP4324064 A1 EP 4324064A1 EP 22727143 A EP22727143 A EP 22727143A EP 4324064 A1 EP4324064 A1 EP 4324064A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow control
control module
power flow
voltage
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22727143.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan M. Götz
Jingyang FANG
Wolfram H. WELLSSOW
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Publication of EP4324064A1 publication Critical patent/EP4324064A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1807—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators
    • H02J3/1814—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using series compensators wherein al least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. unified power flow controllers [UPFC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power

Definitions

  • Power flow control module for use in a low-voltage local network
  • the present invention relates to a power flow control module for use in electrical energy networks, in particular AC voltage networks with one or more phases for adjusting the voltage and/or the current in a line of the electrical energy network, comprising at least two module connections for connection to the line of the electrical energy network zes and at least two energy connections for connection to an energy source.
  • the power flow control module can be used in low-voltage networks, for example local networks, medium-voltage networks, for example distribution networks, and high-voltage networks, for example transmission networks.
  • the present invention offers particular advantages at low voltage levels in meshed networks, such as low-voltage local networks or medium-voltage distribution networks.
  • EP 3 413 422 proposes a local network station with a three-winding transformer in order to separately feed two separate busbars, each from a low-voltage winding. In this way, it is possible to react to the power flow in the individual busbars.
  • controllable transformers require major conversion work and an additional measuring unit to measure the voltage in the busbar of the low-voltage network and the current at the infeed of the low-voltage network.
  • a controllable transformer cannot provide selective control of individual supply lines.
  • Low-voltage local networks are often designed as meshed structures in order to guarantee a high level of security of supply.
  • the current flows cannot be controlled via the individual inflows, but are adjusted passively depending on the load.
  • a mesh current controller to change the clamping voltage level of an outlet of the network, ie to raise or lower the voltage amplitude. The energy for this is usually drawn from the grid itself. If the voltage changes in a network segment, the load can be distributed between the various supply lines. If, for example, the voltage is increased by a mesh current controller, less current flows into this segment from potentially other network nodes and the main load is served via the outgoing feeder of the mesh current controller.
  • mesh flow controllers have proven to be a tried and tested means of actively shifting the load within a mesh. This is achieved because the mesh current controller represents a voltage source in series with one or more phases, so that the current flows that cannot be controlled in the individual meshes due to various loads can be regulated via the individual inflows, which are passive depending on the load.
  • the mesh current controllers known in the prior art require at least one power transformer for series coupling in order to provide a voltage between conductor and ground potential and to change the voltage amplitude.
  • Such transformers are very large, heavy and expensive. They require a large amount of installation space, meaning that they no longer have to be accommodated in a normal control cabinet or on a distribution network pylon, as is common in the USA.
  • the mesh current controllers also require additional transformers in order to enable the controller to be supplied with power.
  • the transformers are well suited for low frequencies. With higher frequency components, however, unwanted losses arise. However, feeding in or drawing higher frequencies would make it possible to compensate for unwanted distortions in the network, such as harmonics, in order to improve network quality.
  • the known mesh regulators cannot be used for such tasks. In addition, they are relatively inflexible and can only influence the fundamental wave. Frequently, the voltages can only be changed in fixed steps.
  • a power flow control module for use in an electrical AC energy network, for example in a low-voltage local network, with the features of claim 1 and by a network segment of an electrical network with a line with the features of claim 19.
  • the invention relates to a power flow control module for use in an electrical network (AC energy network, e.g. low-voltage local network) and for adjusting the voltage and/or the current in a line of the network (e.g. low-voltage local network), comprehensively two module connections for connection to the line of the network (e.g. low-voltage local network), several switching elements, an energy store and two energy connections for connection to an energy source.
  • the first module connection and the second module connection are designed to electrically connect the power flow control module in series with the line, so that the power flow control module is connected in series with the line.
  • Two of the switching elements are connected in series with one another and at the same time connected in parallel with the energy store.
  • the power flow control module is switched in such a way that it is at the potential of the line of the network and is galvanically isolated from a ground potential or another line of the network, for example the low-voltage local network.
  • the power flow control module is on the same potential to the line to which it is connected in series.
  • the power flow control module therefore floats with the voltage in the line to which it is connected.
  • the electrical potential of the power flow control module moves, for example, in European low-voltage grids at 50 Hz and around 325 V peak voltage relative to ground potential.
  • the energy store is preferably a capacitor, for example an electrolytic capacitor, preferably a film capacitor, which is inexpensive, or a ceramic capacitor.
  • the ceramic capacitor is particularly preferable because it has high energy density and low internal resistance.
  • the capacitor used as an energy store preferably has a capacitance of at least 100 pF, preferably at least 1 mF, particularly preferably at least 5 mF.
  • the switching elements of the power flow control module are designed to increase or reduce the amplitude of the voltage in the line, to shift the phase of the voltage or to feed in harmonics with specific frequencies, phases and amplitudes. This adjusts the voltage in the line or controls the flow of current in the line accordingly.
  • the power flow control module has the advantage that it only uses switching elements to inject the desired voltage difference into the line in series. Since the switching elements for the series feed and the power flow control module are intended to be floating with the mains voltage and therefore have no ground reference and no connection to other lines or other phases in a three-wire system, they only have to process very low voltages. However, the switching elements have to process high currents, which at the same time is unproblematic with low voltages.
  • ground reference also referred to as galvanic isolation by those skilled in the art, can also be a very high-impedance reference to ground or to other well-defined electrical potentials outside of the power flow control module.
  • Such a high-impedance reference should be at least 250 k ⁇ , preferably at least 1 MW and particularly preferably at least 10 MW. Any currents from a power flow control module to ground or at their electrical reference points outside the corresponding power flow control module are therefore only negligibly small and cause no significant losses.
  • Such resistances sometimes also referred to as “leakage resistances” can be formed by discrete resistance components, but also by sensors, for example insulation monitoring sensors. An (almost) complete separation can also be used, which usually only accepts leakage currents along (dirty) surfaces or through insulators and gigaohm resistors (see also the industry standard IEC 60664, for example).
  • the power flow control module Since the power flow control module only works relatively between the first module connection and the second module connection and has no ground reference, it never experiences the total voltage amplitude, but only the maximum voltage difference to be set.
  • the switching elements By wiring the module as a floating circuit, the switching elements can be low-voltage semiconductor components that can still conduct a few hundred amperes of current in the smallest of spaces.
  • the amount of voltage provided for changing the amplitude of the voltage in the line is at most one third of the peak phase voltage of the line.
  • the voltage provided is preferably less than or equal to one fifth of the phase peak voltage, very preferably at most one tenth.
  • the The amount of voltage provided is at most 100 V, preferably at most 50 V and particularly preferably at most 25 V.
  • the voltage difference and thus the available voltage of the power flow control module is at most 20 V, very preferably at most 15 V.
  • the requirements for the power flow control module are such that the maximum voltage that can be made available is at most 6% of the nominal voltage of the line with which the power flow control module is connected in series.
  • the power flow control module As part of the invention, it was recognized that due to the use of the power flow control module as a floating module, this module can be designed as a power electronics solution.
  • the power flow control module only has to have a very low rated power in order to still be able to serve a network segment of a low-voltage local network with very high power.
  • the power flow control module has switching elements that are connected as half-bridges.
  • switching elements are preferably provided, which are preferably connected as two half-bridges. Both half-bridges are preferably connected up in parallel with the energy store.
  • the switching elements are in the form of transistors or power transistors, preferably in the form of low-voltage transistors or extra-low-voltage transistors.
  • preferably field effect transistors (FETs), for example low-voltage trench transistors with vertical current flow, can be used, such as are known from the automotive sector.
  • FETs field effect transistors
  • the switching elements are preferably in the form of low-voltage silicon FETs.
  • gallium nitride FETs or gallium nitride FETs can be used on silicon substrates, for example with lateral current flow.
  • the switching elements can also be used for applications with higher voltages such as medium-voltage distribution networks are preferably formed as silicon carbide FETs, preferably with blocking voltages over 200 V, more preferably over 600 V, also preferably over 1700 V.
  • insulated gate bipolar transistors IGBT can also be used for the purposes of the invention come into action.
  • a preferred embodiment of the power flow control module provides that the phase of the AC voltage can be shifted between the two module connections that are connected to the line.
  • the power flow control module is preferably able to shift the phase both in the negative direction and in the positive direction, depending on the requirements of the network.
  • the power flow control module is operated under voltage control. It is therefore used in such a way that a voltage in series is added to the voltage prevailing in the line of the network. In this way, a voltage drop in a line of the network or in a network segment can be adjusted so that the network quality can be easily restored or maintained.
  • the power flow control module is used as a current-controlled voltage source.
  • a current can be impressed into the line in which the power flow control module is connected, so that the total current flowing in the line can be influenced in a desired manner. If, for example, the current flow in a segment or in a line of a mesh of a network segment is significantly higher than in a parallel line of the segment, the power flow controller can be used to adjust the current in the corresponding line so that both lines have an almost balanced current current flows.
  • the switching elements used in the power flow control module are clocked. Clocking preferably takes place by means of pulse width modulation.
  • the switching elements are preferably clocked at a switching rate of at least 10 kHz.
  • the switching rate is preferably at least 20 kHz, particularly preferably at least 50 kHz or 100 kHz.
  • the switching rate is preferably at least 100 kHz, very preferably at least 250 kHz and particularly preferably at least 500 kHz.
  • mains filters such as inductors
  • mains filters such as inductors
  • dedicated Netzfil ter can preferably be completely dispensed with because the parasitic inductance of the line is sufficient to generate only small unwanted current ripples at these switching rates.
  • the parasitic inductances perform the function of mains filters.
  • a likewise preferred embodiment of the power flow control module provides an energy source which is connected to the energy connections.
  • the energy source is required to provide the necessary energy to increase the voltage in the line of the network.
  • the energy source can be a battery, for example, which is preferably connected to the energy connections of the power flow control module by means of an intermediate DC-DC converter, a power pack or another electrical energy source.
  • a power electronics solution for the power flow control module only has to have very low rated power in order to be able to generate a very high power in the network line. It was also recognized that the locations with high voltage requirements within the power flow control module can be separated from the locations with a high current requirement by clever switching. In this way, reactive power can be kept away from the circuit.
  • the solution according to the invention dispenses with any (large and heavy) power transformers at the fundamental frequency.
  • the power is supplied via the power electronics of the power flow control module, i.e. by the switching elements, and is fed with a preferably modern energy source.
  • a modern power pack technology can be used as the energy source, for example, which preferably also provides compact galvanic isolation at upper frequency.
  • the power flow control module therefore includes at least one galvanically isolating power pack that is connected to the power connections.
  • the power flow control module therefore includes at least one galvanically isolating power pack that is connected to the power connections.
  • it can also make sense to have multiple supplies in some cases.
  • the power supply units are preferably designed in such a way that the intermediate circuit formed by them for the power flow control module can be kept at very low voltages. These are, for example, at most one third of the network peak voltage, preferably at most one fifth, more preferably at most one tenth and very preferably at most one fifteenth. In the case of low-voltage local networks, these are, for example, no more than 100 V DC, preferably no more than 60 V, more preferably no more than 30 V and very preferably no more than 15 V.
  • the galvanic isolation by means of the power supplies ensures that the power flow control module with the voltage at the Line of the local network to which the power flow control module is connected in series, can float.
  • the electrical potential of the power flow control module always assumes the voltage that prevails in the line.
  • the floating of the power flow control modules i.e. the oscillating with the voltage prevailing in the connected cable, also has the advantage that overvoltages are not a problem.
  • This circuit also offers good protection against lightning strikes in the distribution network or the local network.
  • Low-voltage local networks can only be used in part very difficult to protect against lightning strikes.
  • medium-voltage lines are designed as overhead lines with conductor cables that are close together. Ground lines of the low-voltage local network are also affected, since local network transformers transmit the voltage peaks that occur.
  • the power flow control modules Due to the lack of ground reference of the power flow control module and the galvanic isolation of the electronic switching elements and the associated circuit (electronic phase feed modules) as well as the lack of potential reference to each other, i. H. between several power flow control modules, the power flow control modules follow every voltage change. In other words, they also follow a voltage spike from a lightning strike or other potential fluctuations as well.
  • the power flow control module follows the potential peak, even if it is several thousand volts, for example. Accordingly, the voltage of a point of the power flow control module increases by the ground voltage at the same time.
  • the relevant voltage differences or differential voltages between the points within the power flow control module remain constant, so that the power flow control module can only be used with components with a significantly lower nominal voltage than the phase peak voltage, e.g. low-voltage components for local networks, i.e. low-voltage switching elements such as transistors and low-voltage capacitors etc., can be constructed.
  • the design of the power flow control modules exclusively with power electronics and in this case with low-voltage components also has the advantage that the power flow control modules are spatially very small. For example, their dimensions are significantly smaller than those of a Euro circuit board. Due to the small size, no large capacitive or inductive voltage differences can build up within the power flow control module, which could lead to damage.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the power flow control module includes a power pack with a DC-DC converter, the power pack preferably being fed from the low-voltage local network. This means that no separate power connection or separate energy source is required.
  • the power supply unit is particularly preferably fed from the line to which the power flow control module is connected.
  • the DC-DC converter comprises an LLC circuit, as is known to those skilled in the art.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the power flow control module according to the invention has a power pack that includes a rectifier circuit.
  • Rectifiers in the context of the invention mean all circuits that can convert and/or exchange energy between an AC voltage side with any number of phases and a DC voltage side with at least one DC voltage intermediate circuit with one or more power flow directions.
  • a rectifier, an inverter, an inverter, an active front end or the like could be used here.
  • a unidirectional rectifier is preferably installed here.
  • a power supply having power factor correction (PFC) circuitry is also preferred.
  • a power factor correction stage for example, ensures that a preferably even sinusoidal load is guaranteed on the AC side of the power supply.
  • the power factor correction circuit can, for example, be designed as a boost power factor correction circuit (also known as a boost PFC) known to those skilled in the art in conjunction with a rectifier, preferably a diode rectifier, or also as a so-called bridgeless power factor correction circuit (bridgeless PFC) which usually already performs the function of a unidirectional rectifier with a mains current that is as sinusoidal as possible.
  • a boost power factor correction circuit also known as a boost PFC
  • bridgeless PFC bridgeless power factor correction circuit
  • a likewise preferred embodiment of the power flow control module comprises a heating resistor.
  • This optional heating resistor can be used, for example, to consume energy. This occurs when the voltage difference is multiplied by the current in the floating Power flow control modules becomes negative and thus energy must be removed from the power flow control modules.
  • the heating resistor can preferably be located either in the power flow control module.
  • An alternative and likewise preferred embodiment provides that the heating resistor can be arranged in front of a DC-DC converter in the intermediate circuit.
  • the power flow control module includes a high-frequency transmitter. Its frequency is preferably at least 100 Hz, more preferably at least 400 Hz. In a likewise preferred embodiment, the transmitter operates at frequencies of at least 1 kHz, preferably at least 10 kHz and very preferably at least 100 kHz.
  • the choice of the operating frequency of the transformer is the responsibility of the person skilled in the art depending on the respective application and, for example, also depending on the frequency used for the voltage in the line of the local network.
  • the invention relates to a power flow control system for controlling the load distribution in a network or in a network segment, for example a low-voltage local network, a medium-voltage distribution network or a network segment of a low-voltage local network or medium-voltage distribution network, with a Management.
  • the power flow control system includes a power flow control module, such as described above, and a power source for energizing the power flow control module to vary or adjust the amplitude of the voltage on the line of the low-voltage local grid or to load share or to regulate the current flow in the line.
  • the invention relates to an electrical network or alternating current energy network, preferably a low-voltage local network, or a network segment of an electrical network, e.g. B. a low-voltage local network segment of a low-voltage local network.
  • the network segment has a line or three lines of a three-wire system that is connected to a (local) mains transformer and to which several Consumers and/or (decentralized) feed sources are connected.
  • the network segment has a power flow control module for each line, which is preferably designed according to one of the aspects and embodiments described above and is connected in series in the line of the network, for example a low-voltage local network.
  • the power flow control module is connected to the line of the network with two module connections and includes several switching elements, an energy store and two energy connections for an energy source.
  • the two switching elements of the power flow control module are connected in series and in parallel with the energy store.
  • the power flow control module is connected in such a way that it is based on the poten tial line of the electrical network, z. B. a low-voltage local network ZES, and is galvanically isolated from a ground potential or another line of the network.
  • the power flow control module with its switching elements is designed to influence the amplitude of the voltage in the line, preferably to increase or reduce it, in order to adapt the voltage of the grid line or to adjust the current flow in the line according to the specified requirements Taxes.
  • the power flow control module is at the same potential as the line, only small voltages need to be made available by the power flow control module to adjust the voltage on the line.
  • the switching elements can be designed as low-voltage switching elements or low-voltage transistors. However, they must be able to handle large currents, preferably greater than 500 A, at low voltages.
  • the power flow control module is very small overall and only weighs very little (less than 5 kg, preferably less than 1 kg, very preferably less than 0.5 kg).
  • Galvanic isolation is either complete galvanic isolation, for example via a transformer or transformer, or isolation via a resistance to ground of at least 250 kQ (kilo-ohm), preferably at least 1 MW (mega-ohm), very preferably >10 MW Roger that.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a network segment with line and power flow control module
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic sketch of an alternative network segment or local network segment
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed sketch of the network segment from FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows a detailed sketch of an alternative embodiment of a network segment
  • FIG. 5 shows a further detailed sketch of an alternative embodiment of a local network segment
  • FIG. 6 shows another basic sketch of a local network segment
  • FIG. 7 shows a further detailed sketch of an alternative embodiment of a local network segment
  • FIG. 8 shows an alternative local network segment with power flow control module and battery
  • FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the local network segment according to FIG. 8; and FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of a local network segment with a power flow control module.
  • FIG. 1 shows a three-phase network segment 10 with three lines 20, the network segment 10 being part of an electrical network 12.
  • FIG. A local network segment 11 of a low-voltage local network 14 is shown here as an example.
  • a power flow control module 30 having an AC part 32 and a DC part 34 is connected in series in each line 20 .
  • Optional mains filters 36 are provided between the power flow control module 30 and the line 20, which can be in the form of inductances or PI filters.
  • Each of the power flow control modules 30 is connected to a power supply 40, each of which has an isolating output.
  • the power supplies 40 can be powered by any desired voltage source or energy source, with an AC part 42 of the power supply 40 can be connected to an energy source, not shown here, which can be arranged at the terminals 46 .
  • the energy sources can be of different types.
  • the voltage at an input side 22 (related to the power flow control module 30) has a different form, i. H. has a different amplitude than the output voltage on an output side 24.
  • the voltages of the three phases are each shown schematically.
  • FIG. 2 differs from FIG. 1 in that the power supplies 40, which in principle can be fed from any possible source, are fed from the input side 22 of the network segment 10 in this embodiment. Consequently, a conductor 49 is connected to the respective line 20 for each phase in order to supply the power supply units with energy.
  • the power flow control modules 30 are connected to the line 20 in such a way that they float with the voltage level of the lines 20.
  • the power flow control modules are therefore at the respective voltage level of the line with which they are connected in series.
  • the power flow control modules 30 are preferably designed in such a way that they can only process small voltages, preferably voltages less than 50 V, very preferably less than 20 V, particularly preferably less than 15 V. On the other hand, however, it is possible to process very high currents , generally currents greater than 500 A.
  • the power supply units 40 ensure electrical isolation, so that the power flow control modules 30 can float with the voltage in the lines 20.
  • the power flow control modules 30 therefore have no ground reference and no connection to any other phase or line 20 other than the line with which they are connected in series.
  • the power flow control modules 30 move accordingly with the voltage in their line and therefore only have to be able to process a small voltage difference between the input and the output of the modules.
  • the power flow control modules 30 "see” the total voltage amplitude of the line 20, since they are located relatively between the inlet and outlet of the line 20. Only the maximum voltage difference that can be set plays a role for them. Therefore, extra-low voltage switching elements, e.g. B. low-voltage semiconductor components are used, which can still conduct a few hundred amperes of electricity on the smallest system space.
  • extra-low voltage switching elements e.g. B. low-voltage semiconductor components are used, which can still conduct a few hundred amperes of electricity on the smallest system space.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a power flow control module 30 with a power supply unit 40 in detail for a line 20 of the three-phase network segment 10, for example a local network segment 11.
  • the power flow control module 30 is shown in detail. It comprises a first module connection 60 which is connected to the line 20 on the input side 22 and a second module connection 62 which is connected to the output side 24 of the line 20 . The output side of the line 20 is not shown. Between the line 20 and the respective module connection 60, 62, a mains filter 36 (e.g. inductance) can be arranged.
  • the power flow control module includes a plurality of switching elements 64, which may be in the form of low-voltage FETs (field effect transistors), for example low-voltage silicon FETs.
  • the switching elements 64 are designed as transistors 66, with two transistors being connected in series and parallel to an energy store 68.
  • the switching elements 64 are connected as two half bridges.
  • the switching elements can be clocked, preferably with a clock rate of at least 20 kHz, more preferably with at least 100 kHz, particularly preferably at least 250 kHz.
  • the switching elements 64 are preferably transistors based on gallium nitride (GaN), with the advantage that the inductances 36 become very small (roughly proportional to the characteristic value of the switching rate, 1/switching rate) or even the parasitic inductance of the lines (which yes also build up a small magnetic field around itself, which is sufficient if the switching rate is sufficient) are sufficient as filters.
  • GaN gallium nitride
  • the power pack 40 is connected to the power flow control module 30 at two power connections 70 .
  • the power pack comprises a rectifier circuit 50, here a (unidirectional) rectifier 50b, which is fed from all three phases of the network segment 10 for an even load, i.e. in other words with all three lines 20 of the Network segment 10 or local network segment 11 is connected.
  • the (unidirectional) rectifier circuit 50 is formed here as an active front end. High voltages, greater than 200 V, but only low currents (less than 50 A) can be processed here.
  • the rectifier 50 of the power pack 40 is thus in contrast to the power flow control module 30, in which only small voltages (preferably less than 50 V) are processed, but large currents of more than 500 A.
  • the rectifier could be fed from just one phase.
  • the power supply unit 40 preferably includes a power factor correction stage 52 on its AC side, a so-called PFC stage, in order to obtain a uniform sinusoidal load.
  • a DC-DC converter 54 is provided in the power pack, which is designed as an LLC circuit according to FIG.
  • the DC-DC converter must have at least one isolated output per power flow control module 30 for a line 20.
  • the power supply used here is therefore similar to typical power supplies.
  • a mains filter 56 for example in the form of inductors, can also be provided on the AC side.
  • the power pack 40 again includes a DC-DC converter 54 in order to galvanically isolate the power flow control module 30 and to switch it to ground-free, so that it is at the potential of the line 20 .
  • the DC-DC converter 54 has a transformer 80, for example a high-frequency transformer.
  • the power pack 40 which is installed together with the power flow control module 30 in the local network segment 10, includes a rectifier 50b and a DC-DC converter 54. Between rectifier 50b and DC-DC Converter 54 is a heating resistor 58 which can optionally be controlled.
  • the heater resistor 58 serves to extract and consume energy from the network segment 10 .
  • the heating element 58 is therefore a consumer for absorbing energy.
  • the DC-DC converter 54 of the power pack 40 in FIGS. 3 to 5 includes, among other things, a transformer 80, which is preferably a high-frequency transformer.
  • the high-frequency transformer is preferably implemented using a printed circuit transformer or a flat transformer.
  • the transformer can also be implemented by a planar transformer on printed circuit board technology.
  • ferrite core materials for example, very high transmission frequencies can be made possible.
  • the transmitted power increases (depending on the installation space) linearly over a wide range with the frequency, so that a very compact design in the power supply units can be made possible.
  • An alternative to using a heating element in the power supply is to make the power supplies 40 regenerative.
  • energy accumulating in the floating power flow control modules 30 can also be “got rid of”.
  • the power supply units 40 accordingly absorb the power from the (floating) power flow control modules 30 and feed it into the source of the power supply units 40, ie back into the network segment 10 or electrical network 14, or low-voltage local network.
  • Fig. 6 shows a possible variant of regenerative power supply units, which is installed here in the network segment 10 or local network segment 11.
  • a possible variant of such regenerative power supplies 40 uses an active front end (AFE). However, this is not the only possibility for designing a power pack 40 capable of regenerative feedback.
  • the power supply unit 40 can include a rectifier circuit 50 (eg an inverter) and a galvanically isolating DC-DC converter 54, which is designed, for example, as an LLC stage, which is usually The voltage ratio between input and output is difficult to control, but it is not a problem for the present circuit and is sufficient.
  • the DC-DC converter 54 may include a dual active bridge (DAB). It can also be seen in Fig. 6 that the power pack 40 has a rectifier circuit 50 and three DC-DC converters 54, one for each phase or each line 20 of the local network segment 10.
  • the power required to increase the voltage in the phase or line 20 of the network segment 10 is transmitted via the DC line 48 , which essentially consists of the added voltage difference multiplied by the current flowing in the line 20 .
  • the required power is drawn from the DC-DC converter 54 and the rectifier circuit 50 be.
  • At the node between the rectifier circuit 50 and the DC-DC converters 54 there is a possibly pulsating DC voltage in the DC connection which is dependent on the size of the DC capacitor used. This is, for example, greater than 400 V, but it can also be greater than 650 V or greater than 750 V.
  • FIG. 7 shows the embodiments of the power supply unit 40 from FIG. 6 in detail with individual components, only a DC-DC converter 54 and a power flow control module 30 for a line 20 being shown here.
  • a DC-DC converter 54 and a power flow control module 30 for a line 20 being shown here.
  • three galvanically isolating DC-DC converters must be used, one for each phase or for each power flow control module 30, at least one DC-DC converter with an isolated output per phase or per power flow -Rules module.
  • the rectifier circuit 50 is in the form of a bidirectional active front end 51 here. This also enables energy to be fed back into the grid.
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of a power flow control module 30 with egg ner battery 90 as an energy source 92 for the power flow control module 30.
  • a single battery can be used in a three phase system employing three power flow control modules 30, one per line 20, a single battery can be used.
  • the battery 90 can serve as a load to absorb energy and thus extract it from the system.
  • the variant with a battery takes into account that both a voltage drop in a mesh of an electrical network 12 (low-voltage local network 14) or in a network segment 10 (local network segment 11) and the need to limit the power inflow from other weak supply lines ren, is associated with a high power requirement in the network segment.
  • the battery 90 can be connected directly to the individual power flow control modules 30 (FIG. 8) or via a galvanically isolated additional DC-DC converter 54 (FIG. 9).
  • a battery 90 with sufficient capacity is preferably used for each power flow control module 30, as is provided in mains energy stores. An exchange of energy between individual batteries 90 is not necessary if the asymmetries are averaged out over time.
  • a power flow control module 30 which has a number of inputs and outputs, ie a number of first module connections 60 and a number of second module connections 62.
  • the power flow control module 30 comprises a number of half-bridges Switching elements 64 or transistors 66, e.g. B. FETs.
  • the power flow control modules 30 can each work as a "low-voltage energy router" and thus perform N to M routing.
  • the Power flow control modules 30 can distribute power like a switch between N inputs (first module connection 60) and M outputs (second module connection 62) by generating any voltage gradients between the MxN taps.
  • the power supply unit 40 preferably comprises a bidirectional active front end 51 as a rectifier circuit 50 or inverter and a DC-DC converter 54.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module de régulation de flux de puissance destiné à être utilisé dans un réseau électrique (12) ou un segment de réseau (10) et permettant d'ajuster la tension et/ou le courant dans une ligne (20) du réseau (12) ou du segment de réseau (10). Le module de régulation de flux de puissance (30) comprend deux connexions de module (60, 62) pour la connexion à la ligne (20) du réseau (12), une pluralité d'éléments de commutation (64), un accumulateur d'énergie (68) et deux connexions d'énergie (70) pour la connexion à une source d'énergie (92). La première connexion de module (60) et la seconde connexion de module (62) sont conçues pour connecter électriquement le module de commande de flux de puissance (30) en série avec la ligne (20). Deux des éléments de commutation (64) sont montés en série et en parallèle avec le réservoir d'énergie (68). Le module de régulation de flux de puissance (30) est interconnecté de telle sorte qu'il se trouve au potentiel de la ligne (20) du réseau (12) et est isolé galvaniquement d'un potentiel de masse ou d'une autre ligne du réseau (12). Les éléments de commutation (64) sont conçus pour augmenter ou réduire l'amplitude de la tension dans la ligne (20) afin d'ajuster la tension ou de réguler le flux de courant dans la ligne (20) en conséquence. L'invention concerne également un segment de réseau (10) d'un réseau (12) comprenant une ligne (20) et un module de régulation de flux de puissance (30) connectés en série.
EP22727143.4A 2021-05-06 2022-05-04 Module de commande de flux de puissance destiné à être utilisé dans un réseau local basse tension Pending EP4324064A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021111860.3A DE102021111860A1 (de) 2021-05-06 2021-05-06 Leistungsfluss-Regelmodul zum Einsatz in einem Niederspannungs-Ortsnetz
PCT/EP2022/061939 WO2022233915A1 (fr) 2021-05-06 2022-05-04 Module de commande de flux de puissance destiné à être utilisé dans un réseau local basse tension

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4324064A1 true EP4324064A1 (fr) 2024-02-21

Family

ID=81878044

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22727143.4A Pending EP4324064A1 (fr) 2021-05-06 2022-05-04 Module de commande de flux de puissance destiné à être utilisé dans un réseau local basse tension

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Country Link
EP (1) EP4324064A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20240004647A (fr)
CN (1) CN117529863A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021111860A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022233915A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19733516A1 (de) * 1997-08-04 1999-02-11 Asea Brown Boveri Verfahren zum Einspeisen von Blindleistung in ein Wechselspannungsnetz sowie Wechselrichter für ein solches Verfahren
US5808452A (en) * 1997-09-15 1998-09-15 Gyugyi; Laszlo Power flow controller with dc-to-dc converter linking shunt and series connected inverters
FR2915634B1 (fr) 2007-04-24 2009-09-25 Areva T & D Sa Systeme et procede de controle d'un tcsc dans un reseau de transport d'energie electrique notamment par une approche modes glissants
DE102017112748A1 (de) 2017-06-09 2018-12-13 EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG Ortsnetzstation mit variablen Niederspannungsabgängen
WO2021013341A1 (fr) * 2019-07-23 2021-01-28 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de connexion de deux réseaux de tension alternative et procédé de fonctionnement du dispositif

Also Published As

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DE102021111860A1 (de) 2022-11-10
WO2022233915A1 (fr) 2022-11-10
KR20240004647A (ko) 2024-01-11
CN117529863A (zh) 2024-02-06

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