EP4314682A1 - Procédé de traitement thermique de pièces métalliques - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement thermique de pièces métalliques

Info

Publication number
EP4314682A1
EP4314682A1 EP22721363.4A EP22721363A EP4314682A1 EP 4314682 A1 EP4314682 A1 EP 4314682A1 EP 22721363 A EP22721363 A EP 22721363A EP 4314682 A1 EP4314682 A1 EP 4314682A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpieces
hardening
workpiece
furnace
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22721363.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Steffen Frank
Heike Liebe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH filed Critical Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP4314682A1 publication Critical patent/EP4314682A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
    • F27B9/028—Multi-chamber type furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
    • F27D15/02—Cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of metal workpieces, in particular transmission components, using a means for heating workpieces and a means for hardening workpieces as part of a quenching procedure.
  • the invention also relates to a press hardening system for carrying out the method according to the invention, in which the means for heating the workpieces mentioned at the outset is designed as a hardening furnace for heating a workpiece to a defined target temperature.
  • This press-hardening system includes a hardening press for carrying out a quenching procedure while the workpiece is under tension, as well as a control device for controlling the press-hardening system.
  • the heat treatment of metallic workpieces is known from the prior art.
  • the well-known basic principle of heat treatment is that metallic workpieces are heated and then hardened by quenching.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating solutions by means of which a high level of reproduction accuracy can be ensured within the framework of a heat treatment that can be carried out advantageously in terms of process technology with regard to the microstructure and the geometry of correspondingly heat-treated workpieces.
  • this object is achieved by a method for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, in particular transmission components, in which carburized metallic workpieces are introduced into a means for heating workpieces and heated therein, the means for heating workpieces being is configured continuous furnace and wherein workpieces are introduced into the continuous furnace through a first opening device and are removed from the continuous furnace through a second opening device spaced apart from the first opening device, wherein workpieces are introduced into a means for hardening after removal for hardening.
  • the first opening device serves to release or close a furnace entrance area.
  • the second opening device is used to open or close a furnace exit area.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the steps of introducing the workpieces into the hardening furnace via the furnace entrance area and conveying the workpieces through a heating section of the hardening furnace to the furnace exit area.
  • the means for hardening can also be referred to as a hardening press.
  • the means of hardening can also be referred to as a quenching press.
  • the heating means can also be referred to as a curing oven.
  • a particularly high level of reproduction accuracy can also be made possible by operating the handling system in such a way that a programmatically secured temporal temperature profile of the workpiece results for the transfer of the workpiece from the output device into the hardening press.
  • a high degree of reproduction accuracy can also be possible if the handling system is operated in such a way that the workpiece is brought into contact with gas in a programmed manner for the transfer of the workpiece from the output device into the hardening press.
  • a handling system which is arranged in an intermediate area between the output device and the hardening press.
  • the transfer process is activated with a ready signal from the hardening press.
  • the workpieces can be moved in a controlled manner, which can have an advantageous effect on high reproduction accuracy.
  • a transfer or transfer process can also be understood as transport or transport process and can be designated accordingly.
  • the transfer process can only be initiated when the hardening press is in a ready state. It can thus be avoided that workpieces are brought to the means for hardening, although this is not ready for operation. In this respect, it is possible to prevent individual workpieces from cooling down, in particular while they are being transported and waiting for the agent to be ready for hardening.
  • a transfer process can therefore only enable a consistent quality of all workpieces when the hardening press is in a state of readiness. It may be possible that a signal confirming the completion of the transfer process starts the press hardening process. This means that hardening can be started under controlled conditions and the treated workpieces can be of consistent quality.
  • the workpiece may be picked up in the exit area of the hardening furnace as soon as the workpiece has reached a defined thermal state.
  • a defined thermal state can be attainable for all workpieces that are treated and thus represent a significant contribution to high reproduction accuracy of the method I.
  • the workpiece is exposed to a quenching medium in a way that is defined in terms of programming and coordinated by adjusting means.
  • a quenching medium in a way that is defined in terms of programming and coordinated by adjusting means.
  • Such controlled quenching conditions can be another essential component for a high reproducibility of the process.
  • the workpieces are brought into the hardening furnace via a handling system and the heating of the workpieces as they pass through the hardening furnace is recorded by measurement .
  • the method according to the invention is preferably carried out in such a way that at least one workpiece is heated in the heating section while at least one workpiece is kept warm in the exit area. As a result, the number of workpieces that are treated can be increased.
  • the method can also be processed in such a way that a workpiece is also preheated in the input area. This allows the residence time in the heating section to be reduced.
  • a negative pressure or a vacuum is set and maintained in the heating section while a workpiece is fed out from the furnace exit area.
  • the workpiece is guided through a lock device provided between the heating section and the furnace exit area, and the pressure in the exit area is alternately lowered and then brought back into line with the ambient pressure.
  • the workpiece preheating in the input area can be set to a Temperature can be limited at which there is still no significant reaction of the workpiece surface with the gas atmosphere of the input area.
  • the method according to the invention is also preferably carried out in such a way that a pressure below the ambient pressure, in particular a vacuum, prevails in the heating section even during the introduction of a workpiece into the furnace entrance area.
  • the workpiece is guided through a lock device located between the furnace entrance area and the heating section.
  • the pressure in the furnace entrance area is also alternately lowered and adjusted to the ambient pressure. Direct communication between the heating section and the environment is avoided as part of the workpiece heating operation of the hardening system by coordinating the opening and closing of the locks and the opening devices.
  • the pressure control in the sections of the continuous furnace that can be sealed off selectively from one another, as well as the temperature control in these sections, is regulated or at least controlled in accordance with a coordinated process control.
  • the device provided for carrying out this method comprises at least one means for heating workpieces and also at least one means for hardening workpieces, wherein:
  • the at least one means for heating workpieces is designed as a continuous furnace, through which the workpieces can be conveyed in a direction of flow, the continuous furnace has an input section, a heating section and an output section, the workpieces can be introduced into the input section via a first opening device, the workpieces can be discharged from the output section via a second opening device, the output section comprises an output chamber and the output chamber can be closed in a controlled manner with respect to the heating section and the means for hardening the workpiece.
  • the furnace acts as a transport system through which the components are heated as part of their transport to the Input area of the deterrent is accomplished.
  • this results in a local offset of a cold zone in front of the furnace, which is used for the introduction of the workpiece, from a hot zone facing the means for hardening. This results in an elongation of an overall system formed including the device according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention thus makes it possible to coordinate the sequential steps of heating and hardening with one another, as a result of which a consistent quality of the correspondingly heat-treated workpieces and thus high reproduction accuracy can be achieved.
  • the continuous furnace is preferably designed in such a way that it comprises at least one entry chamber, which forms the entry section.
  • the input chamber and the output chamber are coupled to each other by a workpiece transport path passing through the heating section.
  • the workpieces are preferably conveyed through the continuous furnace in connection with workpiece carriers.
  • the workpieces can be brought into the input chamber through the first opening device, preferably in conjunction with an associated workpiece carrier.
  • the workpieces are preferably conveyed on the workpiece transport path by a transport mechanism.
  • This transport mechanism can be designed in such a way that it conveys the workpieces in connection with the workpiece carriers.
  • the workpieces can be removed from the output chamber through the second opening device.
  • the workpiece carriers are preferably conveyed back to the input section.
  • the heating section is preferably dimensioned in such a way that a number of workpieces can be arranged in successive stations in this heating section.
  • the workpieces can be conveyed through the heating section by successively advancing the workpiece carriers.
  • the input chamber and the output chamber are preferably designed in such a way that they each receive only one workpiece or a workpiece carrier with one or more workpieces arranged on it.
  • the workpiece carriers can in particular be made of a ceramic or heat-resistant metallic material.
  • the material carriers are handled automatically after they leave the output chamber. As part of this handling, they are cleaned in the form of blowing off, brushing and/or washing. It is possible to return the workpiece carriers to the input area of the continuous furnace in a temperature-controlled state and that Bringing the workpieces or the workpiece into the continuous furnace in connection with a defined preheated workpiece carrier.
  • At least one further chamber is preferably provided.
  • This further chamber preferably forms the heating section.
  • the communication of the further chamber with the input chamber and/or with the output chamber can be established and interrupted in a switchable manner.
  • doors, flaps or slide structures are preferably provided, which switchably separate the heating section from the input chamber upstream in the workpiece transport direction and the output chamber downstream in the workpiece transport direction.
  • the continuous furnace is preferably designed as a vacuum continuous furnace, with a vacuum being able to be applied at least in the input chamber and/or in the output chamber and/or in the at least one further chamber, with the vacuum being preferably chamber-specifically controllable.
  • At least one means is provided for interrupting communication, in particular for closing at least one section between the input chamber and output chamber and/or between the input chamber and the at least one additional chamber and/or between the at least one additional chamber and the output chamber.
  • This means for interrupting the communication can be designed in particular as a flap, door, slider or bulkhead that can be brought selectively into a release position and into a closed position. The position of this means can be changed in an advantageous manner by electronically controlled actuating means.
  • At least one means for setting at least one temperature of the continuous furnace is preferably provided, by means of which the temperatures can be individually set chamber-specifically, preferably in the input chamber and in the output chamber.
  • the dispensing chamber can advantageously be provided with a heating device.
  • This heating device is preferably operated via a control or regulating device.
  • the output chamber can advantageously be operated in a controlled or regulated manner in such a way that it enables the workpiece located therein to be kept warm in a vacuum, preferably temperature-controlled.
  • the dispensing chamber can be operated in this way that it is kept warm at ambient pressure or reduced vacuum.
  • the workpiece transfer from the output chamber to the hardening press can be handled in such a way that it takes place either in an atmospheric environment or in a vacuum.
  • the dispensing chamber is present as a heatable dispensing chamber, with at least one heating device preferably being present in the dispensing chamber, which is operated by means of a control or regulating device, the dispensing chamber being operated in a controlled or regulated manner in this way that a temperature-controlled warming of workpieces located therein is made possible. This ensures a high level of reproduction accuracy for heat-treated workpieces.
  • At least one means for setting at least one temperature of the continuous furnace is present, by means of which the temperatures are set individually for a specific chamber, preferably in the input chamber and/or in the output chamber. This ensures a high level of reproduction accuracy for heat-treated workpieces.
  • a control or regulating device can also be referred to as a control unit.
  • the output chamber forms a lock system through which workpieces can be removed from the heating section without the vacuum in the heating section having to be broken for this purpose.
  • the output chamber also functions as a warming section in which the workpieces can continue to be kept at a specified temperature level.
  • the pressure in the dispensing chamber can also preferably be adjusted in accordance with a control device.
  • the dispensing chamber is separable from the heating section by a closure device.
  • This closing device and the opening device are actuated at different times.
  • the closing device is closed; it is preferably only temporarily opened to move a workpiece from the heating section into the output chamber.
  • the opening device is also primarily closed and is only opened temporarily for the removal of a workpiece from the removal chamber.
  • the opening device is only opened when the closing device is closed and the interior of the dispensing chamber is thus sealed off from the interior of the heating section.
  • the closing device In the open position, the closing device pointing towards the heating section releases a workpiece passageway between the heating section and the output chamber. In the closed position, the closing device blocks this workpiece passageway.
  • the closure device atmospherically seals the heating section and the dispensing chamber from one another.
  • the at least one means for hardening the workpieces is preferably designed in such a way that the workpieces introduced into it can be quenched by means of a fluid, preferably oil.
  • the at least one means for hardening the workpieces can also be designed in such a way that the workpieces introduced into it can be quenched by means of a gaseous medium.
  • the means for hardening is designed as a device in which the fluid provided for quenching the workpiece is actively brought to the workpiece.
  • a channel system is created in the device in interaction with the workpiece and a structure enclosing it and/or dipping into it, and the quenching medium actively flows through this channel system.
  • the flow is controlled in such a way that there is a defined heat dissipation from the zones of the workpiece that are flushed.
  • the workpiece is preferably clamped and/or supported in the quenching device. Insofar as the workpiece is clamped, the workpiece is loaded in a state in which it assumes a desired geometry with the introduction of compressive forces.
  • the application of the quenching medium can be controlled in such a way that a defined energy discharge from the workpiece takes place, in which case the workpiece assumes a defined thermal expansion state.
  • the workpiece can be relieved or, in particular, mandrel structures can be moved out of the workpiece.
  • the quenching process can be continued in the quenching device, which can also be referred to as a means for hardening, or the workpiece can already be in this State from the hardening device, which can also be referred to as a means for hardening or quenching device, are brought out and fed to another device, in which a further heat discharge from the workpiece takes place, which is defined in terms of its temporal characteristics.
  • the workpiece can be quenched in a clamped state at intervals. These intervals can be tailored to provide sequential reheating of selected and already quenched zones of the workpiece. The quenching medium can then be applied again to these reheated zones.
  • Different quenching media can be actively applied to the workpiece in chronological sequence or coordinated for different workpiece zones. It is thus possible, as part of a first quenching step, to apply a reactive quenching medium to the workpiece, which causes oxide removal or a layer-forming reaction with the workpiece. In a subsequent step, a quenching or reaction medium that differs in terms of its composition can then be applied to the workpiece.
  • the quenching device is designed in such a way that individual workpieces or groups of workpieces are subjected to a quenching treatment.
  • the workpieces or the workpiece are held in a defined position in the quenching device. This position can be determined by receiving structures and/or by inserting the workpiece into the quenching device.
  • any matrices, fixtures, mandrels, housing bells or valve devices into the quenching device.
  • the automated equipping of the quenching device with these auxiliary devices and the automated transfer of the workpiece into the quenching device enables the heat treatment of an individual workpiece to be carried out while ensuring the required microstructure.
  • the system ie the device according to the invention, comprising means for hardening and means for heating workpieces, is therefore suitable for the treatment of different workpieces in different batches, including batch 1 in a chronological sequence.
  • the device according to the invention can thus also enable a particularly high degree of flexibility with regard to the number of workpieces to be treated and workpiece geometries.
  • the quenching device is designed in particular as a hardening press.
  • the stamps provided for building up the pressing stress are preferably moved in the vertical direction.
  • the workpiece is preferably at or above the level at which it passed through the heating section of the continuous furnace or at which it was tapped from the discharge chamber.
  • the quenching medium is thus brought to the fixed workpiece and not the workpiece to the quenching medium.
  • the device according to the invention preferably also comprises at least one handling device, by means of which workpieces can be transferred from the continuous furnace, preferably from the output chamber or from a storage device downstream of the output chamber, into the at least one means for hardening workpieces.
  • the device according to the invention forms part of an assembly which functions as a hardening cell.
  • the hardening cell is preferably constructed in such a way that it covers those process steps that are necessary for hardening the components. These hardening process steps are austenitizing, quenching (preferably in oil), washing, deep freezing and tempering.
  • austenitizing in vacuum and quenching in oil is accomplished within the hardening cell with the integration of an airlock acting as a holding chamber, which can be understood and referred to as a discharge chamber, a handling system and a hardening press.
  • Austenitizing is done by heating and holding in a vacuum. In this way, it is achieved in an advantageous manner that the process takes place with reduced release of particles and the workpiece surface is exposed to a reduced extent to reaction events.
  • the workpieces are heated by passing them through a furnace designed as a continuous furnace, which is located between two lock devices. The workpieces are thus transported from an entry lock area through the furnace along a flow direction to an exit lock area. The opening of the sluice devices towards the inside of the furnace takes place only after a sufficient reduction in pressure in the respective sluice chamber.
  • the concept according to the invention makes it possible to subject individual parts or very small batches to a hardening treatment efficiently in a short time sequence. Due to the process management according to the invention, the transfer times incurred for moving the workpiece from the austenitizing furnace to the start of quenching can be maintained in a reproducible manner with high accuracy and can also be kept very short. According to the concept of the invention, the discharge chamber forming the discharge area at the end of the furnace, in which the pressure is equalized to the ambient pressure, can be designed as a heatable chamber in which the heating can be continued in order to maintain the workpiece temperature reached in the continuous furnace or to set it in a defined manner.
  • the dispensing chamber may also be designed as a heatable dispensing chamber which can be operated both at atmospheric pressure and in a vacuum.
  • the quenching process begins when the door of the output chamber, which acts as a pressure equalization chamber, is opened.
  • the workpiece transfer between the continuous austenitizing furnace and the hardening press is automated according to a particular aspect of the present invention.
  • a program-technically defined and reproducible workpiece transfer between the continuous furnace and the press with regard to the workpiece transfer path and the temporal dynamics of the workpiece transfer can be ensured.
  • the flaps, doors and bulkheads and/or locks at the beginning, at the end and inside the continuous furnace are opened in conjunction with a control device.
  • the workpieces are heated in such a way that a defined temporal heating in the furnace and in the exit area, i.e. the discharge or output chamber, results in a high temperature stability. This can have a particularly advantageous effect on the consistent quality of heat-treated workpieces.
  • the quenching device is preferably designed as an oil quenching device, in particular in the form of a mandrel hardening press for quenching with oil. This advantageously ensures a controlled distortion behavior. As an alternative to this, or also in combination with this measure, quenching in gas can also take place.
  • the system according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it enables a combination of vacuum austenitizing with a gas quenching process in the hardening press. Gas quenching can be fixed or unsupported. In particular, it is possible to carry out targeted gas quenching in the hardening press using numerically controlled nozzles.
  • the workpiece is preferably clamped in the hardening press by inserting the workpiece into the press and driving a mandrel, preferably from below, into an oversized hole in the workpiece.
  • the workpiece or component can be covered from above. For example, it may be possible for a hood to be lowered over the component from above. Subsequently, oil is again preferably pressed through this arrangement from below.
  • the press can advantageously control several, in particular two, different oil inflows.
  • the hardening press offers channels that allow different fluid throughputs and these channels for supplying the quenching medium can be opened or closed individually in a time-controlled manner.
  • the mandrel is also designed in such a way that it includes oil channels.
  • the workpieces can be removed from the hardening press after sufficient cooling and subjected to a preferably multi-stage washing treatment.
  • a washing medium is passed through the channels for supplying the quenching medium by channel switching.
  • This washing medium can be subjected to a separation treatment, by which washed-off quenching medium is separated.
  • This pre-cleaning which is carried out within the hardening press, can also be carried out in connection with a gaseous medium.
  • the washed workpieces are preferably automatically transported to a preferably combined freezer/oven.
  • the transformation of martensite is driven further by deep-freezing and the structure is strengthened. Subsequent tempering then removes residual internal stresses. After this thermal treatment is the Workpiece treatment in this system is completed and the component can be output.
  • the hardening system according to the invention is preferably designed in the manner of a sealed, enclosed cell with a preferably elongated rectangular cross section.
  • the continuous furnace used according to the invention can extend in the longitudinal direction of this cell.
  • the hardening press can be located in a longitudinal end area of this cell.
  • the workpiece store can be located in the area of the longitudinal end area of the cell opposite the hardening press.
  • a very compact cell can be provided in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • One embodiment can provide for a workpiece carrier circuit to take place inside the cell through the furnace and outside of the furnace back along it.
  • the means for heating and the means for hardening in one cell in such a way that a longitudinal extent of the output region of the means for heating, which is preferably designed as a continuous furnace, is arranged approximately parallel to a longitudinal extent of an insertion device of the means for heating.
  • a very compact unit consisting of means for hardening and means for heating workpieces can thus be provided as part of a device for heat-treating workpieces.
  • a system can also be taken from the present disclosure, which comprises at least two, preferably several devices for the heat treatment of workpieces, in particular at least two, preferably several means for heating and means for hardening workpieces.
  • the heat treatment of the workpiece can be carried out as a so-called batch process.
  • This batch process enables heat treatment as part of a single workpiece treatment as well as subsequent treatment of different single workpieces.
  • different quenching procedures specifically defined for the respective workpiece can be processed in direct succession.
  • the hardening system is constructed in such a way that the workpieces are transported generically, above all through the austenitizing furnace, largely independently of the component size and geometry.
  • the workpieces are preferably guided through the continuous furnace on trays or can be passed through accordingly. In this way, several and even relatively small workpieces can be grouped and fed through the hardening plant, which is designed as a cell, for the processing of external orders.
  • the hardening system preferably comprises a circulatory conveyor system for returning the pallets, trays or workpiece carriers.
  • a wide variety of workpiece carriers can be stored in a carrier store.
  • the workpiece handling within the system designed as a processing cell is preferably automated in all stations, monitored and documented by handling systems.
  • components in the heating chamber are heated while components in the output chamber are kept warm.
  • the system according to the invention thus enables a press hardening process to be carried out in which at least one workpiece is heated in the heating section, while at least one workpiece is kept warm in the exit area or is brought to the hardening press.
  • the input chamber, the heating section and the output section comprise heating elements which can be controlled or regulated with regard to the heating power introduced into the oven as a result. Furthermore, means are provided in the input section, the heating section and the output section for detecting the temperatures in these sections.
  • the heating section can form several zones in which different temperatures or heat outputs can be set.
  • the respective chambers are preferably coupled to a vacuum pump with the involvement of electrically controllable valves.
  • the input chamber and the output chamber can be coupled in terms of valves and lines in such a way that the negative pressure present in the corresponding chamber is used for gas extraction from a chamber with ambient pressure.
  • the output chamber before the output chamber is opened, it can be connected to the input chamber via a line and a valve device be coupled, so that the negative pressure still prevailing in the output chamber is used for partial pressure reduction in the input chamber that has just been loaded with a workpiece and is now closed. After this pressure reduction, which is advantageously implemented in terms of energy, the dispensing chamber can then be further aerated and opened at ambient pressure.
  • the process chamber is preferably equipped with three control zones. This ensures a particularly even working area. Also in this part of the furnace housing there are additional passages for reaching the measuring points for the TUS test. In this way, in particular, periodic checks of the workpieces can be carried out with little effort.
  • the heated output or discharge chamber is equipped with a separate control zone. This process chamber is flanged to the chamber of the heating section.
  • the output chamber is also provided with passages to reach the measuring points.
  • the chamber parts preferably all chamber parts, in particular the possibly unheated transfer chamber, are preferably equipped with vacuum and pressure measuring heads and enable the pressures to be monitored and recorded, with assignment to the respective workpiece.
  • the system's sensors enable automated, workpiece-specific process documentation.
  • the hardening system according to the invention combines a furnace designed as a continuous vacuum furnace with a discharge chamber with a stationary hardening press for austenitizing the components.
  • the discharge chamber can be heated so that the components maintain a defined temperature level when the atmosphere changes.
  • an alternative device which comprises at least one means TK for heating workpieces WP.
  • the device also includes at least one means PQ for hardening workpieces, the at least one means TK for heating workpieces WP being designed as a continuous furnace through which the workpieces WP move in a continuous direction DTK.
  • the continuous furnace has an input section TKI, a heating section TKH and an output section TKO, the workpieces being able to be introduced into the input section TKI via a first opening device 1, and the workpieces coming out of the output section TKO via a second opening device 2 can be deployed and both the input section TKI and the output section TKO can be temporarily sealed off from the heating section TKH.
  • Temporarily isolating the exit section from the heating section may allow workpieces that have been heated in the heating section to be exposed to controlled conditions, particularly controlled thermal conditions, in the exit section.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation to illustrate the structure of a device according to the invention for the heat treatment of workpieces using a continuous furnace and a hardening press;
  • FIG. 2 shows a further schematic illustration to illustrate the structure of a hardening system according to the invention constructed as a hardening cell
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart to illustrate the in accordance with a
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration to explain the embedding of the furnace designed as a continuous furnace between an inlet lock chamber and an outlet lock chamber, and between two workpiece transfer systems.
  • carburized metallic workpieces WP are introduced into a means TK for heating workpieces and heated therein, the means TK for heating workpieces being designed as a continuous furnace and workpieces WP are introduced into the continuous furnace through a first opening device 1 and removed from the continuous furnace through a second opening device 2 spaced apart from the first opening device 1, workpieces WP being introduced into a means PQ for hardening after being removed for hardening.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of a device according to the invention for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces, in particular transmission components.
  • An embodiment of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention therefore comprises at least one means TK for heating workpieces WP.
  • the device also comprises at least one means PQ for hardening workpieces, the at least one means TK for heating workpieces WP being designed as a continuous furnace through which the workpieces WP travel in a continuous direction DTK, the continuous furnace having an input section TKI, a heating section TKH and an outlet section TKO, the workpieces being able to be introduced into the inlet section TKI via a first opening device 1, the workpieces being able to be removed from the outlet section TKO via a second opening device 2 and both the inlet section TKI and the outlet section TKO opposite the heating section TKH can be temporarily isolated.
  • This structure makes it possible to heat the components WP as part of their transfer to the quenching device PQ, with the transfer of the workpieces WP to the quenching device PQ being carried out by the introduction of the workpieces WP into the heating section TKH and the transfer of the workpieces WP within the furnace decoupled in time in the output section TKO and can be coordinated with the opening of the second opening device 2 .
  • the continuous furnace TK is designed here in such a way that it comprises at least one input chamber C1, which forms the input section TKI, and at least one output chamber C2, which forms the output section TKO, these two chambers C1, C2 being connected to one another through a heating section TKH extending workpiece transport path W are coupled.
  • the workpieces WP can be brought into the input chamber C1 through the first opening device 1 .
  • the workpieces WP can be removed from the output chamber C2 through the second opening device 2 .
  • at least one further chamber C3 is provided, this further chamber C3 here forming the heating section TKH, through which the input chamber C1 communicates with the output chamber C2.
  • the continuous furnace TK is designed as a vacuum continuous furnace, with a negative pressure being able to be applied at least in the input chamber C1 and/or in the output chamber C2 and/or in the at least one further chamber C3.
  • This negative pressure can be regulated chamber-specifically and is set to ambient pressure before the openings 1, 2 are opened.
  • a means 3 is provided for interrupting communication, in particular for closing at least one section between the first chamber C1 and the heating section TKH. Furthermore, a means 4 is provided between the second chamber C2 and the heating section TKH.
  • These means 3, 4 for interrupting communication with the chamber C3 can be designed in particular as a flap, door, slider or bulkhead that can be brought into a release position and into a closed position. The position change of this means 3, 4 can be accomplished in an advantageous manner by electronically controlled actuators and / or actuators.
  • the device shown has at least one means 5 for setting at least one temperature of the continuous furnace TK, in particular a control unit CPU, by means of which the temperatures T1, T2, T3 are chamber-specific and individually, preferably in the output chamber C2 and in the at least third chamber C3 are individually adjustable.
  • the at least one means PQ for hardening the workpieces WP is designed here in such a way that the workpieces WP introduced into it can be quenched by means of a fluid, preferably oil or gas.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a handling device TS by means of the workpieces WP from the continuous furnace TK, i.e. from the output chamber C2 or from a storage device downstream of the output chamber C2, into which at least one means PQ for hardening the workpieces WP can be transferred.
  • the handling device TS can be formed by a robot arm or a portal system.
  • the control device CPU is used to control a heat treatment process of preferably metallic workpieces.
  • carburized workpieces are preferably removed through a first opening device 1 in Chambers C1, C2, C3 of a means TK for heating workpieces introduced to a predetermined temperature and heated there.
  • the workpieces WP are discharged from a discharge chamber C2 through a second opening device 2, which is different from the first opening device 1, and transported to a means for hardening workpieces and quenched thereby.
  • the controller also controls the pressures in chambers C1, C2, C3. The process sequence controlled by the control device CPU is explained further in connection with FIG.
  • the continuous furnace TK provides several heating zones Z1, Z2, Z3, AK.
  • the continuous furnace TK provides several heating zones Z1, ZTK, AK.
  • the heating zone of the heating section ZTK is subdivided into further zones Z2, Z3.
  • the temperature in these zones can be controlled according to the control unit CPU.
  • the heating section TKH is constructed in such a way that it defines a number of heating zones Z2, Z3 in which different temperatures and heating outputs can be set to a sufficient extent.
  • Both the input area TKI, the heating section TKH and the output area TKO are designed in such a way that these measuring points TUS provide for recording, monitoring and documenting the workpiece heating.
  • the pressures in these chambers can be lowered to below ambient pressure via a vacuum pump VP.
  • the chambers C1, C2, C3 are coupled to one another via a line system and electrically controllable valves provided therein.
  • the chambers C1, C2, C3 can temporarily communicate with one another via the line system, so that in the context of partial ventilation of one chamber C1, C2, partial ventilation of the other chamber C2, C1 can be effected in phase opposition.
  • the representation according to FIG. 2 shows a press-hardening system constructed including the device according to FIG. 1 and designed as a cell.
  • This press hardening system includes a hardening furnace TK, an output lock TKO for the output of workpieces WP from the hardening furnace TK and a hardening press PQ for clamping a workpiece WP and for accomplishing a quenching process of the workpiece WP in the clamped state.
  • a handling system TS is provided in an intermediate area between the discharge chamber TKO, which functions as an output lock, and the hardening press PQ.
  • This handling system TS is operated in such a way that for the transfer of the workpiece WP from the output sluice into the hardening press PQ results in a program-technically secured temporal temperature profile of the workpiece WP.
  • the hardening furnace TK is designed as a vacuum furnace for heating a workpiece WP in a low-oxygen environment. Furthermore, the TK hardening furnace is designed as a continuous furnace. The workpiece handling between the hardening furnace TK and the hardening press PQ is accomplished here in such a way that the workpiece WP, after exiting the opening device 2 of the output lock TKO, is guided through the hardening furnace TK into the hardening press PQ transversely to the flow direction DTK.
  • the TK hardening furnace and the PQ hardening press are linked across the corner by the TS transfer system with regard to workpiece travel.
  • the transfer process of the workpieces from the WP from the output sluice TKO of the hardening furnace TK to the hardening press PQ and the quenching process in the hardening press PQ take place at the same time in terms of process flow.
  • the transfer of the workpiece from the output chamber TKO into the hardening press PQ is handled as a thermally relevant sub-step of the quenching process.
  • a workpiece transfer system WPH1, WPH2 is provided, which extends along the hardening furnace TK between an output area of the hardening press PQ and an entry opening 1 of the entry lock TK1 of the hardening furnace TK.
  • the workpiece transfer system WPH1, WPH2 includes several linked conveyor modules.
  • a post-cooling station 6, a washing station 7 and/or a test station 8 can be loaded with workpieces via a first module of the workpiece transfer system WPH1.
  • a second module of the workpiece transfer system can be used to return the respective workpiece to the input area of the cell CW. From there, the hardened and washed workpieces can be taken to the cooling cells 10...13.
  • the press hardening system is designed in such a way that workpieces WP located in the area of the test station 8 can be removed from the press hardening system.
  • the press-hardening system can be designed in such a way that the workpieces are press-hardened using a die device.
  • This die device is used to hold the workpiece and to provide wall sections that support the workpiece.
  • the quenching medium can be guided onto the workpiece in interaction with the die device, controlled by valve devices. If the workpiece is supported using a core or dome, it is possible to carry out the quenching process in such a way that the workpiece is not completely cooled. After this partial cooling, the supporting structures such as mandrels, cores or matrices can be made from the still thermally expanded workpiece subtracted from. Then there is further cooling. This can also take place outside of the hardening press, for example in a bath.
  • a handling system TS is provided in the device according to FIG. 1 and in the press hardening plant according to FIG. This handling system TS is arranged in an intermediate area between the output chamber TKO and the hardening press PQ. This handling system TS is operated in such a way that, for the transfer of the workpiece WP from the output chamber TKO into the hardening press PQ, there is a program-technically secured time sequence of movements for the transfer of the workpiece WP.
  • the handling system is configured in connection with a corresponding control device in such a way that the delivery process and the quenching process are linked in terms of time.
  • the transfer process can be activated with a ready signal from the hardening press PQ or can only be initiated in a ready state PQ of the hardening press. Furthermore, a signal confirming the completion of the transfer process of the workpiece WP into the press PQ can start the press hardening process.
  • the TS handling system is located in a CW hardening cell, which houses the TK hardening furnace and the PQ hardening press.
  • the hardening cell CW is designed as a rectangular cuboid structure, the oven extends in the longitudinal direction of this cuboid structure.
  • the hardening press is located in a longitudinal end area.
  • the workpiece transfer process handled by the TS handling system is monitored and documented in terms of its timing. For this purpose, in particular the thermal time profile of the workpiece can be measured and recorded.
  • the 2 also shows the structure of a hardening cell, with the hardening furnace TK, the hardening press PQ, a workpiece washing device 7 and the workpiece handling system TS for moving the workpieces from the hardening furnace TK into the hardening press PQ.
  • the hardening cell CW includes a workpiece return system WPH for moving the workpieces WP from the hardening press PQ to an input and output area 9, 9a.
  • the TK hardening furnace is designed as a continuous furnace.
  • the WPH workpiece return system runs parallel to the TK hardening furnace.
  • the workpiece washing device 7 is arranged in an intermediate area between the workpiece output area 9a and the hardening press PQ and can be loaded via the workpiece return system WPH.
  • the hardening furnace TK has an entry lock TKI and an exit lock TKO.
  • a loading system LS is located in a zone upstream of the entrance lock TKI intended.
  • the workpiece return system WPH1, WPH2 can be used to transfer workpieces between the PQ press and the LS loading system.
  • a workpiece store WPB1, WPB2 is provided in an area of the hardening cell CW adjacent to the entry area or the entry lock TKI of the hardening furnace TK.
  • a first cooling cell 10 is provided in an area of the hardening cell CW adjacent to the input area TKI of the hardening furnace TK.
  • Additional cooling cells 11, 12, 13 are provided in an area of the hardening cell CW adjacent to the input area TKI of the hardening furnace TK.
  • the workpiece store WPB1, WPB2 and/or the cooling cells 10, 11, 12, 13 can be reached via the loading system LS, so that workpieces WP can be removed from these modules by the loading system and introduced into these modules.
  • the cooling cells 10 . . . 13 can also be equipped with heating devices, so that a tempering process can also be carried out via these cells.
  • the hardening cell CW is enclosed by a cell wall CW2.
  • the workpiece return system WPH is connected to an output lock 8 .
  • a workpiece discharge from the hardening cell CW can be accomplished via this output lock 8 in order to carry out a workpiece inspection.
  • Checked workpieces WP can also be returned to the system via the output lock, for example to be used in the cooling cell modules 10...13.
  • the operation of the hardening cell is controlled by a control device CPU (see Fig. 1), which is subdivided here by way of example into two modules CE, CP1 coupled with signals, with the module CE being used primarily for workpiece handling in the entrance area of the hardening furnace TK and the module CP1 controls the workpiece flow in the TK hardening furnace, the TS transfer system and the PQ hardening press. All control tasks relevant to the handling of the workpiece WP from entry into the hardening furnace TK to the end of the hardening process, including the temperature control of the hardening furnace TK, are thus coordinated by the control module CP1.
  • the control module CP1 thus takes over the "hot handling" and the control module CE the "cold handling".
  • the processes in "hot handling” are documented specifically for each workpiece. For “cold handling” there is only documentation with regard to the trouble-free handling process.
  • the cold handling control processed via the CE module also includes the workpiece handling after exit from the PQ hardening press. Any data on thermal workpiece post-treatment, in particular cooling and renewed tempering, can be fed back to module CP1.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 3 shows a control device CPU and a flow chart of a process processed by this control device.
  • the control device CPU controls the sequence of the method according to the invention for carrying out a press hardening process, in which workpieces are heated in a hardening furnace as part of a tempering step and quenched in a hardening press as part of a quenching step.
  • control device CPU is coupled here, for example, via a bus system with the switching elements of the controlled components of the hardening system.
  • control device also includes regulation; the control device can represent a control device in this respect, and adjust manipulated variables taking into account returned signals, in particular with regard to pressure, temperature, workpiece position and dynamically.
  • a workpiece WP is picked up by the handling device from the workpiece storage area WPB1 in step S1 and brought to an area upstream of the first opening device 1 .
  • step S2 in a system state in which the barrier wall 3 is closed, the pressure in the chamber C1 is adjusted to the ambient pressure.
  • step S3 the opening device 1 is opened.
  • step S4 the workpiece WP is introduced into the input chamber C1.
  • step S5 the opening device 1 is closed.
  • step S6 the pressure in the chamber C1 is reduced to the internal pressure in the third chamber C3.
  • step S7 the barrier wall 3 is opened.
  • step S8 the workpiece is conveyed into the third chamber C3 in the throughput direction of the furnace TK.
  • step S9 the barrier wall 3 is closed.
  • steps S10 to S15 the workpiece is conveyed through zones or stations of the furnace TK that follow in the throughput direction DTK and is heated in a defined manner in these zones.
  • a defined negative pressure prevails in chamber C3, which is set and maintained via a control routine that is not described further here.
  • step S16 the pressure in the output chamber C2 is lowered to the internal pressure of the chamber C3 in step S16.
  • the barrier wall 4 is opened and the workpiece WP is brought into the output chamber C2 forming the discharge section TKO.
  • the barrier wall 4 is closed in step S18.
  • step S19 the pressure in the chamber C2 is increased to the atmospheric pressure level. The pressure increase can be accomplished by equalizing the pressure by introducing an inert gas into chamber C2.
  • step S20 the temperature in the discharge chamber C2 is adjusted to a workpiece holding temperature.
  • step S21 it is queried whether the transfer system TS and the hardening press PQ are in a ready state suitable for processing the quenching process.
  • step S22 the quenching process is activated.
  • the opening device 2 is opened in step Q1.
  • the transfer system TS picks up the workpiece WP from the chamber C2 and transfers it to the hardening press PQ on a defined path with a defined speed profile.
  • the hardening press PQ clamps the workpiece used.
  • step Q4 the clamped workpiece is subjected to a quenching medium.
  • Steps Q1 to Q4 form a process step group that is processed in a time frame defined by the program.
  • the release of the workpiece WP in the chamber C2 and the process of transferring the workpiece WP into the hardening press PQ form part of the quenching process, which is carried out in a parameterized manner specific to the workpiece.
  • the handling system TS is operated in such a way that for the transfer of the workpiece WP from the output device TKO into the hardening press PQ, a program-technically secured temporal temperature profile of the workpiece WP as well as a program-technically secured temporal gas contacting of the workpiece WP results.
  • the transfer process beginning with the opening of the opening device 2 can only be carried out in conjunction with a ready signal from the hardening press. In this respect, there is no waiting time or lengthening of the process time outside of the defined process.
  • step S23 Following the press hardening step sequence Q1...Q4, the hardening press PQ is opened in step S23 and the workpiece is removed from the hardening press PQ in step S24.
  • step S25 the workpiece is inserted into a workpiece carrier and fed to a washing station in step S26.
  • the opening device 2 is opened and the workpiece is picked up in the output area TKO of the hardening furnace when the workpiece has reached a defined thermal state and the transfer system and the hardening press in one are ready.
  • the process step group Q1 . . . Q4 takes its course when the opening device 2 is opened.
  • step Q4 the workpiece is exposed to a quenching medium in a way that is defined by the program and coordinated by means of adjusting means.
  • the heating of the workpieces as part of the passage through the hardening furnace AND is measured and recorded and documented for each workpiece.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 4 shows a press hardening system with a hardening furnace TK, which is designed as a continuous furnace and has a furnace inlet TKI and a furnace outlet TKO.
  • the press hardening system also includes a hardening press PQ for clamping a workpiece and for effecting a quenching process of the workpiece in the clamped state.
  • a handling system TS is provided in an intermediate area between the furnace outlet TKO and the hardening press PQ.
  • a workpiece loading system LS is provided in an area adjacent to the furnace entrance TKI.
  • the handling system TS and the workpiece loading system LS are connected to one another via a workpiece carrier conveyor path DTR, which runs past the continuous furnace TK.
  • the workpiece carriers are returned to the entrance area of the continuous furnace TK via the workpiece carrier conveyor path.
  • the workpiece carriers move through zones both in the input area of the continuous furnace TK and in the output area of the continuous furnace TK, in which a workpiece handling by transfer systems, which are formed in particular by a robot arm or a portal robot, takes place.
  • the workpiece carrier conveyor path runs parallel to the continuous furnace.
  • the workpiece conveyor path WPH described in connection with Figure 2 also runs parallel to this workpiece carrier conveyor path from the exit from the hardening press PQ back to the cooling cells 10...13.
  • the following steps can be provided: picking up the workpieces WP in a furnace exit area located in the vicinity of the second opening device 2 by means of a handling system TS, the workpieces WP are inserted into the hardening press PQ, the quenching process is carried out and the workpieces WP are removed from the hardening press PQ, with the workpieces WP being brought into the hardening press PQ by the handling system TS and the quenching process being carried out by the hardening press PQ form a process step group Q1...Q4, which is processed in a time frame defined by the program.
  • a further configuration of a device for carrying out this method comprises at least one means TK for heating workpieces and also at least one means PQ for hardening workpieces, with the at least one means TK for heating workpieces being designed as a continuous furnace, through which the workpieces WP in can be conveyed through a throughput direction, the continuous furnace has an input section, a heating section and an output section, the workpieces WP can be introduced into the input section via a first opening device 1, the workpieces WP can be removed from the output section via a second opening device 2, the output section has an output chamber C2 and the output chamber C2 can be closed in a controlled manner in relation to the heating section TKH and the means PQ for hardening the workpiece.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermique de pièces métalliques, en particulier de composants de transmission, selon lequel des pièces métalliques cémentées sont introduites dans un moyen permettant de chauffer des pièces et y sont chauffées. Ledit moyen se présente sous la forme d'un four continu et les pièces sont introduites dans ce four continu par un premier dispositif d'ouverture et sorties du four continu par un deuxième dispositif d'ouverture situé à distance du premier dispositif d'ouverture. À leur sortie, les pièces sont introduites dans un moyen de trempe afin d'être trempées.
EP22721363.4A 2021-04-16 2022-04-08 Procédé de traitement thermique de pièces métalliques Pending EP4314682A1 (fr)

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DE102023109261A1 (de) 2022-04-14 2023-10-19 Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Fertigung wärmebehandelter Werkstücke, insbesondere schräg verzahnter Zahnräder sowie Steuereinrichtung hierzu
DE102023109259A1 (de) 2022-04-14 2023-10-19 Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH Verfahren zur Fertigung wärmebehandelter Werkstücke, insbesondere schräg verzahnter Zahnräder sowie Härtepresse hierzu

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JP4330111B2 (ja) * 2002-11-29 2009-09-16 Ｄｏｗａホールディングス株式会社 熱処理方法及び熱処理炉
JP4878564B2 (ja) * 2007-02-13 2012-02-15 光洋サーモシステム株式会社 連続浸炭炉
KR100796767B1 (ko) * 2007-02-28 2008-01-22 최병길 분위기가스 소모 최소화 및 이산화탄소 가스 발생 최소화를위한 열처리장치
DE102009050533A1 (de) * 2009-10-23 2011-04-28 Thyssenkrupp Sofedit S.A.S Verfahren und Warmumformanlage zur Herstellung eines gehärteten, warm umgeformten Werkstücks
DE102011053634B3 (de) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung einer vorbeschichteten Platine aus Stahl
DE102011114764B4 (de) * 2011-10-01 2016-04-21 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung formgehärteter Bauteile und Durchlaufofen zum Erwärmen einer zum Formhärten vorgesehenen Platine
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