EP4302044A1 - Échangeur thermique à tubes et à calandre et procédé de thermorégulation d'un milieu - Google Patents

Échangeur thermique à tubes et à calandre et procédé de thermorégulation d'un milieu

Info

Publication number
EP4302044A1
EP4302044A1 EP21712711.7A EP21712711A EP4302044A1 EP 4302044 A1 EP4302044 A1 EP 4302044A1 EP 21712711 A EP21712711 A EP 21712711A EP 4302044 A1 EP4302044 A1 EP 4302044A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
heat exchanger
outlet
side channels
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21712711.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Mihailowitsch
Matthias Mayerhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP4302044A1 publication Critical patent/EP4302044A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2220/00—Closure means, e.g. end caps on header boxes or plugs on conduits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tube bundle heat exchanger for changing the temperature of a medium and a method for changing the temperature of a medium using a tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • gas generation plants often have very high temperatures in the gases that are too high for further use, so that they have to be cooled.
  • a common technique for cooling or heating media is the use of heat exchangers, in particular so-called tube bundle heat exchangers.
  • Shell and tube heat exchangers usually have a number of tubes, usually with a very small diameter, which are surrounded by a jacket in which a channel for the passage of media is formed.
  • a medium to be cooled or heated can then be conducted there through the tubes (ie in ducts on the tube side), and the cooling medium or heating medium can be guided through the duct on the shell side.
  • a so-called bypass channel can be provided in order to be able to set the desired temperature to a desired value after cooling, in particular when a medium is cooling down. This one has a bigger one
  • the media flow in the bypass can then be regulated, for example, by means of a valve or a flap.
  • a tube bundle heat exchanger is disclosed, for example, in WO 2018/215102 A1.
  • a disadvantage here is, however, that the temperature of the medium that flows through the bypass channel and the valve for this is necessarily warmer or hotter than that which finally occurs after mixing with the medium that flows through the pipe-side channels flowing, more cooled medium, resulting temperature. In particular with certain synthesis gases as the medium, this can lead to corrosion damage to the valve.
  • the present invention sets itself the task of providing a possibility of avoiding media or locations that are too hot in a tube bundle heat exchanger, but nevertheless achieving a temperature change, in particular cooling.
  • This object is achieved by a tube bundle heat exchanger and a method for changing the temperature of a medium using a tube bundle heat exchanger with the features of the independent patent claims. Configurations are the subject of the dependent patent claims and the following description.
  • the present invention deals with a tube bundle heat exchanger for changing the temperature of a medium (or fluid) such as a gas or gas mixture, in particular synthesis gas, in particular for cooling or for heating.
  • a medium such as a gas or gas mixture, in particular synthesis gas, in particular for cooling or for heating.
  • a tube bundle heat exchanger has several tube-side channels, a
  • Inlet chamber an outlet chamber and at least one shell-side channel for additional medium, e.g. a cooling medium.
  • the individual, tube-side channels each have an inlet and an outlet opening (typically, as the name suggests, these are thin tubes that together form a tube bundle), with the inlet openings lying in an inlet plate or being formed therein , the outlet openings respectively in an outlet plate.
  • the inlet plate thus delimits the inlet chamber, while the outlet plate delimits the outlet chamber.
  • a medium in particular a medium to be cooled, can be guided, for example, through an inlet opening into the inlet chamber and from there through at least part of the pipe-side channels into the outlet chamber. From there, the - for example cooled - medium can then be removed, for example, through an outlet or led out of the shell and tube heat exchanger. Cooling or possibly also heating medium can be guided through the shell-side channel, in particular likewise through corresponding inlet and outlet openings. In this way, the medium whose Temperature is to be changed, cooled or heated by indirect heat transfer to the cooling or heating medium, which can be water in particular.
  • a closure means arranged on the side of the outlet chamber is provided, which is designed and adjustable in such a way that the outlet openings of one of several different subsets of the pipe-side channels can be closed in each case.
  • the different subsets include in particular a different number of tube-side channels or corresponding outlet openings.
  • the closure means is able to close off, for example, a larger or smaller part (that is to say a larger or smaller subset) of all pipe-side channels or their outlet openings, as desired.
  • more or less of the tube-side channels are then free for a flow of medium and a higher or lower temperature of the medium occurs in the outlet chamber.
  • the closure means can be designed in such a way that different desired subsets of the outlet openings can be closed. For example, a certain number of subsets can be specified for this purpose, e.g. 10, 20, 30 and 40 out of a total of 50 pipe-side channels. However, a quasi-continuous specification of subsets is also conceivable, e.g. with increment 1 or 2. There are hardly any limits to the concrete choice, as can be seen from the following explanations.
  • a particular advantage of this is that there is no medium flow that is warmer or hotter than the medium present in the outlet chamber.
  • a bypass channel is therefore not necessary. Rather, more or less individual media streams are simply cooled down - evenly. This means that no damage such as corrosion due to the medium being too hot can occur, particularly on sensitive components such as valves. In fact, no sensitive components are necessary at all, as the following explanations are intended to show.
  • the outlet openings of all tube-side channels are formed in an outlet plate with a flat surface.
  • the closure means then has at least one planar closure surface which abuts the surface of the outlet plate and is movable in a plane of the surface.
  • the closure means can then be moved around or along the surface of the outlet plate with the at least one closure surface.
  • different subsets that is to say a different number of outlet openings, can be covered and thus closed by means of the at least one closure surface as required.
  • the at least one flat closure surface can then be positioned in accordance with the pipe-side channels to be closed over the outlet openings of the pipe-side channels to be closed.
  • closure means can also be designed in such a way that there are two or more such closure surfaces, which then each rest on the surface of the outlet plate.
  • An expedient configuration is, for example, when the at least one flat closure surface is designed as one or more sectors of a circle. For example, there can be two sectors of a circle, each for example 90° of the full circumference, which have a common tip and are arranged opposite one another.
  • the closure means can then be rotatable, for example by means of an actuator, about an axis of rotation which runs through this common tip and is perpendicular to the surface.
  • a contour of the closure surface can then in particular also be adapted to a grid of the pipe-side channels.
  • the closure means has a plurality of closure pins, each of which can be introduced into one of the outlet openings.
  • Such locking pins can be rods that have an outside diameter that corresponds to the inside diameter of the pipe-side channels, if necessary is also slightly smaller in order to enable insertion.
  • a conical shape is also conceivable.
  • These several locking pins are in particular designed in such a way that only the outlet openings of the pipe-side channels to be closed can be closed in accordance with the pipe-side channels to be closed.
  • the outlet openings of all tube-side channels can also be formed here in an outlet plate with a flat surface.
  • the multiple locking pins are then expediently arranged on a closure plate which is arranged parallel to the planar surface and can be moved relative to this surface.
  • an actuator can be provided with which the closure plate and thus the closure pins can be moved. This then makes it possible, for example, to insert the locking pins into the pipe-side channels and to close them. If the locking pins are of different lengths, a desired subset of the outlet openings can therefore be closed.
  • the several locking pins are then also divided into different subsets, so that the locking pins of a subset each have the same length and the locking pins of different subsets each have a different length relative to the locking plate.
  • the invention also relates to a method for changing the temperature of a medium by means of a tube bundle heat exchanger—ie a method for operating a tube bundle heat exchanger.
  • This comprises a plurality of tube-side channels, an inlet chamber, an outlet chamber and at least one shell-side channel, with a medium being guided into the inlet chamber and from there through at least part of the tube-side channels into the outlet chamber.
  • a closing means arranged on the side of the outlet chamber is then adjusted in such a way that outlet openings of one of several different subsets of the pipe-side channels are closed in each case.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention in a schematic representation.
  • Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d show part of an inventive
  • Tube bundle heat exchanger in a preferred embodiment in different views.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show part of an inventive
  • Tube bundle heat exchanger in a further preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a sectional view of a tube bundle heat exchanger 100 according to the invention, which can be used to change the temperature, in particular to cool down, of a medium such as a synthesis gas that is fed to the tube bundle heat exchanger 100.
  • the basic principle of the tube bundle heat exchanger 100 corresponds to a conventional tube bundle heat exchanger, as is also described in principle in the document mentioned at the outset.
  • the tube bundle heat exchanger 100 has a plurality of tubes or tube-side channels 110 through which the medium a to be cooled is guided or guided.
  • the tube-side channels 110 are arranged around a central axis R here by way of example.
  • the medium a is first fed via an inlet opening 122 to an inlet chamber 120 and from there is guided through the ducts 110 on the pipe side into an outlet chamber 130 .
  • the medium can then be conducted out of the tube bundle heat exchanger 100 again via the outlet chamber 130 via an outlet opening 132 .
  • the tube-side channels 110 or tubes are held in position by means of an inlet plate 124, and on the outlet chamber 130 side accordingly by means of an outlet plate 134.
  • the individual tube-side channels 110 or tubes have inlet openings or Inlet openings 126, in the outlet plate 134 corresponding outlet openings or outlet openings 136.
  • the tube-side channels 110 are surrounded by a jacket 140 .
  • a channel 142 on the jacket side is formed in the jacket 140, through which a (further) medium b, in particular a cooling medium such as water, can be guided.
  • the medium b can be introduced into the shell-side channel 142 through one or more inlet openings 146, which can be embodied, for example, in the form of inlet nozzles (only one inlet opening is shown here by way of example).
  • the medium b can then flow through the shell-side channel 142 and through one or more
  • Outlet openings 144 which can be embodied, for example, in the form of outlet nozzles, emerge again from the channel 142 on the jacket side (only one outlet opening is shown here by way of example).
  • the inlet openings 146 are distributed over the length of the shell and tube heat exchanger 100, for example.
  • the outlet openings 144 are also distributed over the length of the tube bundle heat exchanger 100, for example. More medium b is usually fed in and removed near the inlet chamber 120, ie where medium a is still warm.
  • the specific configuration of the channel on the jacket side or its media routing is not relevant to the present invention.
  • a closure means 150 is provided on the side of the outlet chamber 130 or arranged there, with which parts or certain subsets of the outlet openings 136 of the ducts 110 on the pipe side can be closed.
  • the outlet openings 136 at the bottom in the sectional view are closed, but the outlet openings 136 at the top are not.
  • half of all pipe-side channels 110 can be closed in order to cool the medium a less compared to a situation in which all pipe-side channels 110 are open.
  • an actuator 154 is provided for the closure means 150, which can be a plate or closure plate or can have such, by means of which the closure plate can be rotated in order to close another subset of outlet openings 136.
  • the actuator 154 can be activated by means of a control unit 156, for example.
  • Tube bundle heat exchanger shown in a preferred embodiment in different views.
  • the basic structure of the tube bundle heat exchanger can correspond to that from FIG. FIG. 2a now shows part of the outlet plate 134 and some of the pipe-side channels or outlet openings 136 in it in a sectional view, comparable to FIG. 1 (cf. also the axis R).
  • the number of ducts or outlet openings 136 on the pipe side differs from that in FIG. 1, which, however, is not relevant for the explanation of the invention.
  • a closure means 250 is shown, which is basically comparable to the closure means 150 indicated in FIG.
  • FIG. 2b shows a front view looking at the outlet plate 134 or its surface 238, from the side of the outlet opening 132 (cf. FIG. 1).
  • Two areas are shown here with hatching (crossed lines) in which the outlet openings 136 are arranged (the individual outlet openings are not shown here).
  • These two areas correspond to two sectors of a circle, each with an angle of 90°, the common apex of which lies on the R axis.
  • the two sectors of a circle lie opposite one another, that is to say they are evenly offset from one another, viewed in the circumferential direction.
  • Figures 2c and 2d - in addition to Figure 2b - there is now this
  • the closure means 250 has a closure plate 260 which, for example, has two flat closure surfaces 262 facing the outlet openings 136 . These two closing surfaces 262 are each circular sectors, each with an angle of 90°, whose common apex lies on the R axis. These lie on the surface 238 of the outlet plate 136 and can be turned or rotated about their common tip or the axis R, e.g. by means of an actuator 254 (cf. FIG. 2a).
  • the subsets can be individually selected here by the targeted arrangement of the pipe-side channels or their outlet openings and the design of the closure means. It goes without saying that the specific shape of the closure surfaces—and then the arrangement of the outlet openings accordingly—can also be chosen differently. For example, a semi-circular closure surface (i.e. a sector of a circle with 180°) is conceivable. However, it is also conceivable, for example, (only) to have a closure surface as a circular sector with 90°, while the outlet openings are arranged in the form of a circular sector with 270°. Only a maximum of one third of the outlet openings can then be closed, but depending on the application this may be sufficient, for example.
  • FIG. 3a shows part of a tube bundle heat exchanger according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment.
  • the basic structure of the tube bundle heat exchanger can correspond to that from FIG.
  • FIG. 3 now shows part of the outlet plate 134 and some of the pipe-side channels or outlet openings 136 therein in a sectional view, comparable to FIG. 1 (cf. also the axis R).
  • the number of ducts or outlet openings 136 on the pipe side differs from that in FIG. 1, which, however, is not relevant for the explanation of the invention.
  • a closure means 350 is also shown, which has a closure plate 360 on which a plurality of closure pins 362 are arranged.
  • the locking pins 362 are aligned parallel to the axis R and are designed, for example, in the form of rods, possibly tapering (from right to left, seen in FIG. 3, with a slightly decreasing diameter). It should be noted in this regard that a diameter of the locking pin is slightly smaller than a diameter of the corresponding ducts on the pipe side can to allow moving. A seal due to high flow resistance is still possible.
  • Each of the locking pins is thus assigned to an outlet opening 136 and can be introduced into it. This is done by moving the closure plate, e.g. by means of an actuator 354 along the axis R.
  • the closure pins 362 can thus be inserted and removed from the outlet openings 136 or the channels on the pipe side.
  • the locking pins 362 are of different lengths, viewed in the direction of the R axis. Depending on the position of the closure plate along the axis R, this makes it possible to close a different number or subset T of the outlet openings. In the example shown, the two outlet openings next to the axis R and the two following outlet openings are closed at the bottom. The last four outlet openings at the very bottom (in the view in Figure 3) are not closed.
  • FIG. 3b shows a front view looking at the outlet plate 134 or its surface 238, from the side of the outlet opening 132 (cf. FIG. 1).
  • the seven rows looking down from the axis R are seen here from the center (the two middle rows in the common center) outwards.
  • the arrangement here is not circular but along the edge of a hexagon. If the closure plate 360 with the closure pin 362 is now moved further in the direction of the outlet plate 134, the fourth outlet opening from below (or the fourth row of outlet openings from the outside according to FIG. 3b) and then the third outlet opening from below are then also closed . On the other hand, if the closure plate 360 with the closure pins 362 is moved further away from the direction of the outlet plate 134 (starting from the situation in

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un échangeur thermique à tubes et à calandre (100) destiné à la thermorégulation d'un milieu (a), comprenant plusieurs canaux côté tube (110), une chambre d'entrée (120), une chambre de sortie (130) et au moins un canal côté calandre (142) pour un autre milieu (b), le milieu (a) pouvant être transmis à la chambre d'entrée (120) et, de là, à la chambre de sortie (130) via au moins une partie des canaux côté tube (110), comprenant un moyen de fermeture (150) qui est disposé sur les côtés de la chambre de sortie (130) et qui est conçu et réglable de manière à ce que des ouvertures de sortie (136) puissent être fermées respectivement par un de différents volumes partiels des canaux côté tube (110) ; ainsi qu'un procédé de thermorégulation d'un milieu (a) à l'aide d'un échangeur thermique à tubes et à calandre (100).
EP21712711.7A 2021-03-02 2021-03-02 Échangeur thermique à tubes et à calandre et procédé de thermorégulation d'un milieu Pending EP4302044A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2021/025086 WO2022184224A1 (fr) 2021-03-02 2021-03-02 Échangeur thermique à tubes et à calandre et procédé de thermorégulation d'un milieu

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4302044A1 true EP4302044A1 (fr) 2024-01-10

Family

ID=74947327

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21712711.7A Pending EP4302044A1 (fr) 2021-03-02 2021-03-02 Échangeur thermique à tubes et à calandre et procédé de thermorégulation d'un milieu

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20240240882A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4302044A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN116917687A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022184224A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1460897A (fr) * 1965-10-22 1966-01-07 Renault Perfectionnements aux aérothermes
DE3511037A1 (de) * 1985-03-27 1986-10-09 Voith Turbo Gmbh & Co Kg, 7180 Crailsheim Waermetauscher
US9157685B2 (en) * 2010-04-10 2015-10-13 Christopher J. Dixon Heat exchanger maintenance technique
EP2909564B1 (fr) * 2012-10-17 2018-12-12 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA Échangeur thermique tubulaire et dispositif de fermeture de tubes internes
EP3407001A1 (fr) 2017-05-26 2018-11-28 ALFA LAVAL OLMI S.p.A. Équipement à faisceau tubulaire muni d'une dérivation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20240240882A1 (en) 2024-07-18
CN116917687A (zh) 2023-10-20
WO2022184224A1 (fr) 2022-09-09

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